HQI NGHI CON T R O N G HOC QU6C GIA LAN THLf 7 - HA NQI 2011
CAC LOAI BUOM QUY HI^M TAI KHU BAO T O N THIEN NHIEN PU H U O N G
Nguyin The Nha, Bui Vkn Bac Trudng Dqi hqc Ldm nghiep ViSt Nam
MO DAU
Khu Bao t5n thien nhien (KBTTN) Pu Hu6ng co dien tich tir nhien la 160.686 ha, trong do ving bao tin 49.806 ha va viing dem 110.880 ha. Nod day dugc coi la mot kho tang vi cac rigu6n gen hoang da, qu^ hiem voi 665 loai thirc vat bac cao c6 mach da iugc .ghi nhan, trong do co 63 loai co trong Sach Do Viet Nam (SDVN) nam 2000.
Ngoai ra tai BCBTTN Pu Hu6ng da ghi nh|n dugc 291 loai thii voi 45 loai co trong SDVN nam 2000. Chua co nhiju thong tin cac loai buom tai Pii Hu6ng. Trong thoi gian tir nam tir thang 6 nSm 2008 den thang 6 nam 2010, chung toi tien hanh HBu tra cac loai buom quy hiSm gop them tki li^u phyc vu cho cong tac bao t6n DDSH va nghien cilu khoa hgc.
PHirONG PHAP NGHIEN CCtJ
Dieu tra theo tuyen kh^o sdt vk diSm dieu tra, vgt bat tat ca cac loki buom gSp tren tuyen khao sat va dilm dilu tra. Tuyen khao sat dugc lira chgn di qua nhieu sinh canh, tai moi sinh canh dat mdt dilm dieu tra ban kinh 10 m. Trong thai gian nghien cijru, da dieu tra tren 13 tuyen voi 45 diem dilu tra tai 5 khu vuc: Su6i Nam Co, suoi Hudi Nay, suoi Ban Tang, suoi B6, Khe Khai.
Trong phong thi nghiem xir ly mau va dinh ten theo tai lieu chuyen mon: Bu&m ddo Hdi Nam cua Co Mau Ban, Tran Bgi Tran;' Gidm dinh bdng hinh dnh bu&m Bdc Kinh cua Duong Hing, Vuong Xuaon Hao; Cdc lodi budm phd biin a Vift Nam cua Alexander Monastyrskii va Alexey Devyatkin (do Khu4t Dang Long dich); Buom Vdn Nam cua Phong Nghien ciiu con triing - Vi?n Khoa hgc Trung Qu6c; Nhqn bill nhihig lodi buom ndi tiing tren Ihi gidi ciia Ng6 Van; Gidm dinh bdng hinh dnh cdc loal con Irimg quy hiim Trung QuSc cua Hi?p hgi Bao ve dgng vat hoang da Trung Qu6c.
Xac djnh cac loai buom quy hiem dua tren mgt so tieu chi: Suy gidm m^nh ve s6 lugng va kich thuoc quin thi, miic dg de dga cao, tinh dgc dao vl phan lo?i va tien hoa, gia tri thdm my
KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ
Bac dilm thanh phan khu h | bu-ihn ngay t?i KBTTN Pit Huong
Trong thoi gian nghien cihl da xac djnh dugc 165 loai buom ngay thugc 10 hg con triing. Hg Buom giap va hg Buom phugng co so lugng loai nhilu nhdt (57, 39 loai), tiep theo la hg Buom cdi (18 loai), hg Buom dSm 14 loai, Buom xanh 11 loai, Buom mdt
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HQI NGHI CON TRIJNG HVC QUQC GIA LAN THCf 7 - H A NQI 2011
rdn 10 loai, Buctm rimg 8 lodi, Buom nhdy 5 lodi, Bu6m ngao 2 loai, Budm nggc c6 1 lodi.
C5n cii vdo cdc chi tieu: Phan bo h?p: Xac suit xuit hi|n P (%) < 25%; mirc d0 de dga cao: La d6i tugng bi san bit, sinh cdnh bj tdn pha; co tinh dgc ddo vl phan lo?i, tiln h6a: Loai duy nhit ciia chi hodc cua hg; c6 tinh thim my cao: Mdu sdc sjc s6, hinh thil ky di, Chiing tdi xdc dinh dugc 8 lodi budm quy hilm t?i KBTTN Pii Huong.
Bang. Cac loai bmrrn quy hilm tai KBTTN PA Hu6ng
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ten l o i i Vl#t Nam
Bif6in phygrig Helen Bwtttn phuvng aom kem Buitfm Phu'O'ng xanh dudi nheo Bu'6m phiTQ'ng ilu6l la cai Birt/m kh^
Bu'6'm trSng lo'n ch6t cam Qd Bu'6'm than tien rirng sau Bu'd'm vua rirng s3u
Khoa h9c Troides helena Linnaeus Papilio noblei de Niceville Lamproptera cudus Byasa crassipes Oberthur Attacus atlas Linnaeus Hebomoia glauclppe Linnaeus Thaumantis diores Doubleda Thauria lathyi fnjhstorfer)
(%)
P4 4 4 7 18 30 12 9
Ghl chd
SDVN 2007 SDVN 2007 SBVN 2000 SOVN 2007 SDVN 2000 Mdu sdc sdc s6 Mdu sdc sdc sfi*
Mau sdc s§c s&
Sjic dilm sinh hfc, sinh thai, phdn b6 cac lodi birdnm quy hiem tai Pu Hu6ng Budm phifpng Helen (Budmphuqng cdnh chim cdnh Uen) - Troides helena Linnaeus
Ddc diem nhdn dgng: Mat tren co mau nen nhung den v6i mep nln mdu hoi sdng;
phan I6n diSn tich cdnh sau co mau vang rue r9 vdi nhiing mdng den chay xung quanh mep cdnh tao thdnh viln den vang zic zdc, mep trong cdnh sau c6 long r5 ret ir phin gin g6c cdnh. Con cdi thucmg lon hon con dire
Sinh Ihdi: Bucrm due vd buom cdi kha bj hap dan bdi hga cay bong 6i, budm b^c.
Sdu non dn m6t so cay thugc hg chi Mgc huong. Lodi budm nay thudng bay vdo liic bit diu c6 dnh ndng bufii sdng vd buoi chilu td, chiing bay vdi t6c dg vita phdi, khong cao.
Chung bay cdp doi dl giao phdi vdo buoi hodng hdn cua miia he.
Tgi KBTTN Pit HuSng: Gdp d khu virc su6i Nam Cd vd sudi 36, diu thu bit khi chiing dang hiit mat tren cay bui.
Budm phuq'ng Som kem - Papilio noble! (de Niceville)
D^c diim nhgn dgng: Lodi nay gin gidng vdi P. helenus, nhung tren cdnh tmdc con d\rc khdng co vay thom, khdng co ddm den vdng dd d khodng 2, mdt tren canh trudc vdi ddm tring hinh tam gidc dudi ngay giQa m?ch cdnh 2. Mdt tren canh sau cd mdng gida.canh mdu trdng kem d khodng 5 - 7 vd trong vimg gdc dudi canh co mdt.
HQI NGHI CON T R O N G HQC QUOC GIA LAN THtf 7 - HA NQI 2011
Sinh hqc sinh Ihdi: S6ng trong rimg tai sinh, rirng thudng xanh ven sdng, gjp chiing d cdc dd cao khdc nhau trong rimg nguygn sinh vd thii smh. Au triing tudi 2 dugc phdt hi?n dn tren cay Zamlhoxylum sp. va sau 2 - 3 thi hda nhdtig, 10-12 ngdy budm vu hda.
Tgi KBTTN Pit HuSng: Chiing tdi bit gSp lodi nay 2 lin tai khu vvc sudi Hudi Nay, noi c6 sinh cdnh thodng ding, nhilu cay go to ven sudi.
Bu&m phugrng xanh duoi nheo Lamproptera curius
Dfc diim nhgn dgng: Ld loai budm phugng co mdu den khoang tring vdi nhung dudi ddi. Mdt tren con dvrc: Cdnh tmdc viln den vdi 2 dai trdng nim ngang cdnh, mdt trong s6 dd nim d giiia viing dta cdnh con ddi kia rdng hon, nhin trdn dnh den trdng giing nhu con 6c v%n d\mg ngugc ndm vl phia gitta canh va gin mep ngodi cdnh.
Tr6n cdnh sau cd mgt ddi ndm d viing dia cdnh bit diu tir mep tren canh chjy din gdn thir 3. Phin cdnh cdn l?i todn bg mau den kl cd dudi canh, cd ldng tod miii. Mdt dudi:
Tuong \if mdt trSn nhung vdi mdt ddi mau trdng nam d viing goc cdnh keo ddi tir canh tmdc sang cdnh sau. Cdn d cdnh sau cd mgt ddi trdng dugc cau thdnh bdi cdc dom d?ing diu phiy hay hinh trdng khuylt thdm chi ngoin ngoto d canh mep ngodi cdnh.
Sdi cdnh: 40 - 50 mm.
Sinh hqc sinh thai: Pho biln vdo mua mua, thudng t | p trung thdnh timg ddn ldn vdo thdi ky nd hdng lojit trong rimg. Sau dugc ghi nhan an la gidng cay ligera sp., hg Lidn ding (Hemandiaceae). Sau non ciia lodi L.curius cd thi dn Id cdy khdu tai (hg Tung).
Thudng gdp d cdc viing nude trau dim, nude rdc, nude vo gao, dgc bd sudi noi cd chit thdi sinh v^t vd im thdp. Tit cd cdc noi nay deu gan rimg tu nhien va nhat la noi cd rimg ram d dd.
Tgi KBTTN Pi HuSng: Bdt gdp loai ndy d khu virc suoi Nam Co vd khu virc suoi Bo tren nhitag cdnh rimg thil sinh.
Bit&m phirpmg dudi la cai Byasa crassipes Oberthur
£)5c diem nhgn dgng: Mdt trdn cua cd con due va con cai hoan toan den, tuy nhien con cdi hoi nhjt. Cd mdt mdt tring d phin gip lung cdnh sau. Mdt dudi canh sau cd cham mdu hing m^p trong cdnh tit khoang cdnh la den 6. Sdi canh ddi: 100 - 110 mm.
Sinh hqc sinh Ihdi: Lodi cu trii chit yeu d rimg nguydn sinh, khu v\rc nui da vira, cao. Au triing cd thi dn trdn cdy hg Aristolochiaceae.
Tgi KBTTN Pu HuSng: Gdp lodi budm phugng nay tai khu vuc rirng thii sinh khu vuc suli Hull Ndy.
Bu&m khe Attacus alias Linnaeus
Ddc diim nhgn dgng: Budm khi thugc loai budm ddm cd kich thudc ldn nhat cua nude ta vd the gidi. Budm iifc rit dl phdn biet vdi budm cai bdi anten d?ng luge kdp.
Sinh thdi: Budm song d cd rimg vk vudn cdy dn qua cua mien nui ciing nhu dong bdng.
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HQI NGHI C O N T R O N G HQC QUOC GIA L A N T H i f 7 - H A NQl 2011
Tgi KBTTN Pit HuSng: Gdp d hdu hit cdc khu vvrc nghien ciiu: Khu vvrc sudi Huoi Ndy, sudi B5, sudi Ban Tang, khu virc Khe_ Khdi. Cac sinh cdnh thu bdt dugc Id sinh qudn ndng nghiep vd rimg tre mia. Mgt sd mlu thu bdt dugc d biy den.
Bu&m tring l&n chdt cam do - Hebomoia glauclppe (Linnaeus^
Ddc diim nhgn dgng: La lodi ldn nhit trong hg Budm phin d Viet Nam. Dl nhan dien khi ddu vdi hai cdnh trade ha xudng rdt thip, ciing vdi kilu mdu sdc loang 16 d mdt dudi cdnh khiln con budm ciing mdu vdi nln dat cd Id nmg. Cung de nh|n dien khi bay (dil nhanh) nhd kich thudc ldn va phin chdt cdnh trade cd mdu do tren nen trdng. 0 con cai mep canh sau cd cdc ddm den ro ret. Budm cdi cd mat tren mdu trang siia va nhiJng dim viln tdi mau d ria cdnh sau. Sdi canh: 80 - 100 mm.
Sinh hqc sinh thdi: Rit phd biln. Sdng trong trong rirng. Hay gdp bay sdt nggn cay cao dgc hai ben dudng nhua ldn trong rimg vdi tdc dg rit nhanh, phan mau do d mat tren cdnh trudc thip thodng. Budm nay cd kieu bay nhanh theo dudng zic zde va thudng bay khd cao. Tuy nhien cd thi de dang gdp chiing tap trung gin bd sdng vd suoi. Day la loai phd biln d khu virc trong trai, bai trdng trong rimg vd con duong lang, tren dinh ddi vd thdm chi ca d khu vuc thanh phd. Cay thurc dn thudc hg Man mdn.
Tgi KBTTN Pd HuSng: Khd phd biln. Phdn bd d mgi do cao vd mgi mdi tradng, nhung phd bien hon cd la cdc trdng cay biii vd thdm cd. Chung tdi bdt gap nhieu lan d khu virc ven sudi vdo nhiing luc trdi ndng, ndng.
Bu&m than tien rung sau - Thaumantis diores Doubleda
Dgc diim nhdn dgng: La lodi budm to mdu ndu tdi vdi gdc mdu tia. Cd vien canh trade hinh vom vd dinh tren trdn. Con cai cd dai hoi trang gan chdt canh trade cong vd mdt dudi cua con cai cd mgt dudng gitta sdt mep ngodi canh mdu trdng. 6 eanh sau la mgt vet giira cdnh ldn ciing mdu xanh duong tia vdi gan 6 ben tren va keo ddi xudng gan 2. Mat dudi cd mdu ndu mugt md, viln ngodi canh nau sdng mang theo mgt dudng lugn sdng sat mep cdnh.
Sinh hqc sinh Ihdi: Sdng d rimg sau, thudng thiy chung d nhttng nai cd rimg tre ram rap. Khi bay anh xanh duong tren cdnh lap lodng thodt an, thoat hien trdng cvrc ky quyen ru.
Tgi KBTTN Pu HuSng: Gap d cdc khu vurc rirng thii sinh ven su6i d dai thdp, gap a khu vurc sudi Nam Cd, sudi Huoi Nay, sudi Bd, sudi Bdn Tang.
Bu&m vua rtrng sau - Thauria lathyi (Fmhstorfer)
Ddc diem nhdn dgng: Ld Ioai budm to va dep, gdc canh trudc nhgn. Mat tren cdnh trudc d gan gdc cdnh cd 2 chim trdng dang gan nhu hinh chtt nhat nim ngang; vdt ngang gan nhu di tir mep tren qua gitta cdnh la mgt ddi rgng mdu trdng; mau cdn lai cua mat tren cdnh trade Id mdu ndu toi dnh cam. Mdt tren eanh sau ndi len hai mau co ban:
Mdu cam gdn nhu chay xung quanh mep eanh, cdn 1^ Id mdu nau tdi anh cam.
Sinh hqc sinh Ihdi: Sdng d rimg ram dm nhi|t ddi.
Tgi KBTTN Pit Huong: Gap mgt vdi cd thi d khu virc suoi Hudi Nay, noi rimg thir sinh ram rap, chung hay dau tren cdc tang dd trong rimg.
HQI NGHI CON TRiiNG HQC QUOC GIA LAN THLf 7 - H A NOI 2011
HtNH ANH MOT S 6 LOAI C 6 N TRUNG (S KBTTN P t H U 6 N G
LodlAltarms atlas Liimaeus Lodi Hebomoia glaucippe Linnaeus
Loal Thaumantis diores Doubleda
Loai Thauria lathyi Frahstorfer
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HQI NGHI CON TRCING HQC QUOC GIA LAN THCT 7 - H A NQI 2011
KETLU.^
Da xac dinh dugc 165 lodi budm ngdy thugc 10 hg cdn trimg. Hg Budm giap va hp Budm phugng cd sd lugng loai nhilu nhit (57, 39 lodi), tilp theo Id hg Budm cdi (18 loai), hg Budm dim 14 lodi, Budm xanh 11 lodi, Budm mdt rin 10 loai, Budm rimg 8 lodi, Budm nhay 5 lodi, Budm ngao 2 lodi, Budm nggc cd 1 loai.
Dd xdc dinh vd md td ddc dilm sinh hgc, sinh thdi, phdn b l 8 lodi budm quy hilm t9i KBTTN Pu Hudng.
TAI Lipu THAM KHAO
1. Alexander L.monastyrkii va Alexey L.Devyatkin, 2003. "Butterfly of Vietnam an illustrated checlist) - Danh myc minh hpa cdc lodi budm ngay d Vi^t Nam", NXB. Thong Nhat.
2. Bg Khoa hgc cdng nghe va Moi trudng, 2000. Sach Dd Vi§t Nam, Phin Dgng v|t, NXB. Khoa hpc va Ky thujt, Hd Npi.
3. Bd Khoa hpc cong ngh$ va Moi trudng, 2007. Sach Dd Vi$t Nam, Phan Dpng v§t, NXB. Khoa hpc va Ky thudt, Hd Ndi.
4. mmw,mm^,m, 1997. m^s,mm,'¥m#±iiimt.
6. « ^ , 3 E » ? S , 1994. : i t « ^ l f e 0 , f e a ^ , W # S * 3 t » m ) K t t .
7. 'pmm^uu.A^mm^Bi±m, 1999.smffls, tHWiikftsKStt.
* Thim dinh khoa hgc: PGS.TS. Ph?m Binh Quyin - Dai hgc Quoc gia Ha Ngi.
SUMIMARY
RESULTS OF THE SURVEY OF RACE AND PRECIOUS BUTTERFLIES IN PU HUONG NATURE RESERVE
NguyeD The Nha, Bui Van Bac Vieinam Forestry University
During June 2008 to June 2010,165 butterflies species (Rhopalocera) were determined, belonging to 10 families of Lepidoptera. We also described biological and ecological characteristics of 8 rare and precious species In Pu Huong nature reserve. They are: Tmides helena, Papilio noblei. Lamproptera curius, Byasa crassipes, Attacus atlas. Hebomoia glaucippe. Thaumantis diores and Thauna lathyi. Among these species. 5 species are listed In the Red Data Book of Vietnam in 2000 and 2007.
Key words: Pu Huong nature reserve. Rhoparocera. Red Data Book.
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