Cac nhan to tac dong tofi huy dong von cua ngu'di dan trong xay di/ng NTM tai huyen
Ngoc Lac, tfnh Thanh Hoa
TRAM THI THU HCTCJNG' Tom t^t
Ngoc Lac Id huyen mien nui, ndm dphia Tdy - Bdc tinh Thanh Hda. Sau 05 nam triin khai thifc hien ChUOng trinh Muc lieu Qud'c gia Xdy difng Ndng thdn mdi (NTM) de'n cudi ndm 2015 huyen Nggc Lac cd 21/21 xd hodn thdnh quy hoach vd thuc hien quy hoach. dat tdng cdng 200 tiiu chi. b'lnh qudn sdlieu chi dal dUOc tren dOn vi Id: 9.5 tieu chi. De ChUOng trinh Muc lieu_
Quo'c gia Xdv difng NTM cua huyen Nggc Lac dat hieu qud. tdc gid nghien cdu cdc nhdn td tdc dcmg de'n viec huy dtmg vd'n cho chuong trmh NTM cua ngifdi ddn huyen Ngoc Lac, linh Thanh Hda. Ket qud cho thdx. cdc nhdn td duac xem Id cd tdc ddng manh tdi viec huy ddng nguon life tdi chinh id ddn, nluf Thu nhdp b'mh qudn trong 1 thdng: Cdc phUOng llufc luyen iruven: Cdc id chifc chinh trj md ho gia dinh tham gia: Limg lin cua ngififi ddn viio ChUcmg trinh vd Cdn bd lanh diio.
Tff khda: he sdhdi cpiy. huy dcmg vdn. huyen Ngoc Ldc. ndng llidn mdi Summary
Ngoc Lae is a mountaimnis districi in the norl Invest of Thanh Hna province Aftei five years oj impleiiienlation of tlie National tai gel program cm new rural construction, by the end of 2015.
Ngoc Lac district had 21/21 communes ccmipleted and implemented the planning, reaching a total of 200 critericLs and the average number cd 9.5 ci iterias. To drive the program efleclivcly.
the aiilhor studies determinants of capital mobilization for new rural ccnislruclion in the district. The frints point out these main factors which are Aveiage income per immth per household: Propaganda methods. Political organizations thai households pailicipating: The iriisi ol people im the program and ihe leadership.
Ke>\M)rds: rei;rc\Moi! i oelfic icnts. capital mohilizntion. N'Z^oc Lac district, new rural area
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CI(Jl THIEU cua cdng ddng. phiit huy dffdc sffc manh cua ca \a hdi Qua v lee luiy ddng vdn de Ngnc Liic lil Iniyen mien luii. niim li phia Ta\ thife hicn Cliffi(ng irinh Mue lieu Qude Brie imh "Ihanii Una Dien lieh Iff nhien eua huven ki gia Xav difng XTM ehn tha'y. Huyen da 49^.?3 km^. bao gdm 21 xii. I ihi tran Tien dia bim lap irung huy ddng dtfdc nhieu nguon huyOn cd 4 dan inc smh snng lii: Mifdng. Kinh. Ihai. luV de xfiy difng NTM Tuy nhicn. \iec Dao. loan Huyen en 32 881 hd vdi 146,272 nhiin khii'u. huy dnng vii quan ly eJc ngudn \Cm con irong ddhddan ine ihieusdiii 22,532 hd. \di 101 34(T gap nhieu khd khiin, Vdii dau iff Uife tiep nhan khiiu, ehiein 11.1'c dim so eiia huyen Thu nhap lif ngiin saeh eiia ciiC LJ'p ehn xay dffng hhih quiin LIUU ngifdi nam :i)LS ij 21.8 men dong igid NTM e.'-n ihiip. cluf.i diip ffng dffdc nhu HHi. limg 2.2 kin so \."fi nam 2011) eau Ngudn vdn dnanh nghiep^khdng huy
ilufL hien du'dng ldi eua Dang, iiong nhffng nam ddng difiie
qua. phong iriin \av ddng NTM dii dicn la sdmini n' Vdn huy dnng iff cdng dnng dim eif ki khiip cae dia phuVing iinng huven. thu luii sif iham gia ngudn \nn difi(i_ sif dung hieu qua nhal.
TS Trudng Dai hoc Hong Difc Email tranhuonghdt'?vahoo com
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do dan ddng gdp tai chd va dffdc kiem tra, giam sat trong qua trinh thffc hien. Nhffng de tiep tuc huy dgng sffc dan xay dffng nong thdn mdi, nghien cffu, phan tfch cac nhan to' anh hffdng dd'n viSc huy ddng ngudn Iffc tai chinh tff dan trong xay dffng NTM. tff dd rut ra mot sd' bai hoc kinh nghiem de day nhanh td'c do dal dffdc cac muc tieu de ra cua Chffdng trinh tren dia ban huyen huyen Ngoc Lac.
c a s d LY T H U Y E T VA P H a O N G PHAP N G H I E N CU'U
Cd sd ly thuyet
Niim 2007, Yumi Sera va Susan Beaudry da de cap tdi cac bffdc cua mot lien trinh de cac td chffc, dff an cd the huy dong dffdc cac ngudn life tff ca ben trong lan ben ngoai. Theo cac tac gia de cap tdi cac va'n de can xem xet trffdc khi hny ddng ngudn life bao gdm: Chuan bi gay quy; Nghien cffu tinh hinh hien tai;
Trach nhiem lanh dao; Ciic boat ddng tao thu nhap; Hoat ddng kinh doanh. Tuy nhien, van de quan trong nha't dffdc xem xel dd ta viec xac dinh ngudn tai trd nao de cd the huy ddng ngudn Iffc cho mdt chifdng trinh hay mot dff an.
Cac tac gia A. Scott Dupree. David Winder, Cnstina Parnetti, Chandmd Prasad vii Shari Turitz (2003) da nghien cffu va ke't luan mdt kinh nghiem de huy dong ngudn Iffc, dd la: Phai mat nhffng ngudn Iffc de huy ddng them cae ngudn Iffc thdng qua viec diinh gui dung difdc thdi gian, ciic ngudn Iffc vii nhffng ky niing can thie't khdng chi trong viee huy dong cac nguon life, ma cdn de duy tri md'i quan he tot \di cac nhii liii trd: Can CO sd da dang ciic nguon Iffc de Iriinh dffdc nii ro khi miii mot irong st")' eiie ngudn dd.
Barbara Hubciman, Tnm Klairs vii Laum Davis (2014) da khiii quat nhffng ehicn lifdc dc huy dnng sff iham gia cnng ddng Cac Uie gui ehn riiiig. huy dnng cong dong ve eit ban lii mdi qua liinh hifdng Idl cac mat khiie nhau. xay difng Ciic md'i quan he hdp tac vi'd mue ilieh eiini eiing la de tiip trung vii giai quye't nluing viin dc bffe ihiet eua enng dnng
"Pff nhffnti nghien effu Iren. uie sui \av
HiNH: MO HINH NGHIEN CHU
du'nii 1110 111 l i i f i i i n\- uic Jong m lite lai chill c|u.lil l i o n :
nil iigliic-ii ci'rii nluf Hinli.
h c i c iili.iii 10 Jirilc \ e i i i lil anil loi \ icc lln_\ dong iigi il lif Jan, nluf: Tlui nhap h 1 lining cu,i 1 ho gia ili
Cac phffdng thffc tuyen truyen; Cac to chffc chinh tri ma hd gia dinh tham gia; Ldng tin cua ngffdi dan vao chffdng trinh va Can bd liinh dao.
Tff md hinh cac gia thuyet dat ra bao gdm:
HI: Thu nhiip binh quan cua ngffdi dan trong 1 Ihang ciing cao thi mffc ddng gdp cua ngffdi dan cho chffdng trinh cang cao (quan he cung chieu).
H2: Khi ngffdi dan tiep can dffdc vdi nhieu phffdng thffc tuyen truyen hdn thi ho se cd xu hffdng ddng gdp nhieu hdn (quan he ciing chieu).
H3 Sd' td chffc chinh tri tham gia cung tac ddng ldi nhan thffc cua ngtfdi dan trong viec xiiy difng ndng thon mdi, tff dd tac ddng lich cffc tdi viec huy ddng ngudn Itfc tai chinh Iff dan (quan he ciing chieu)
H4: Mffc tm tffdng viio can bd lanh dao ly le thuiin vdi mffc dong gdp ctia ngffdi diin cho chffdng trinh NTIVI (quan he eimg chieu).
H5: Mffc tm ttfdng viio chffdng irinh dao ty le thuan vdi mffc dong gdp ciia ngifdi dan cho chifdng tiinh NTM (quan he eimg chieu)
Phffdng phap nghien cffu
Nghien cffu sff dung phtfdng phiip dinh linh vii dmh Iifdng
Ngudn so'heu ihdng t|iui sd lieu thdng kc ve huy ddng ngudn Iffc xay dffng NTM ciia cae ban ehi dao xLiy difng NTM huyen Ngoc Lac vii lai 3 \a la Phimg Minh. Ngoc Lien. Lde Thinh. Biio cao ve tinh hinh xi"iy difng Ndng thdn mdi giai doan 201 1-2015. Ngiinn dff lieu sd ca'p: dtfdc thu Iluip bang each pluil cac hang hni ehn dai dien 300 hd gia dinh tham gia Clnfdng liinh xiiy dffng NTM. sau dd ihu lai vii llinng ke so heu. Thdi gum nghien cffu iff than;.; 1)3/2016 de'n th.ing 07/2016
Thih man quy md miiii Ini thieu dffa lien enng ihffe chnn mau Yamanc la 300 hd dim (Bdi vii) sii dung (i/i /( \ le'i so thdp phdn theo i huan i/iidc iri
KET Q U A VA THAO LUAN
M n hinh nghien <.ii\i
DG = TNBC^ + I T + C H +CTK + C 4 ' + u
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BANG: KET QUA H 6 I QUY HO HINH Dependent Variable: DG
Method' Least Squares Date: 04/18/16 Time: 20:31 Sample: 1 300 Included observations: 300
Variable TNBQ
TT CB CTR CT C R-squared Adjusted R-squared S E of regression
Coefficient 0 043252 86754.77 134038.1 73996.97 -20565.73 -697417,9 0.533366 0.525430 288598.0 Sum squared rcsid
Log likelihood Durbin-Waison stat
Std. Error 0.008744 39382.54 31474.03 29944.52 15584.85 72552 51
t-Statistic 4.946455 2.202874 4.258690 2.471135 -1.319598 -9.612594 Mean dependent var S.D. dependent var Akaike info criterion 2.45E+13 -4194 488 1 393681
Prob.
0.0000 0.0284 0.0000 0.0140 0.1880 0,0000 416733.3 4189316 28.00325 Schwarz criterion F-siatistic Prob(F-siatistic)
28.07733 67,20875 0.000000
Bien phu thudc
DG: Mffc ddng gdp ve tai chinh cua mdt hd gia dinh (d/hp).
Bie'n ddc lap
TNBG: Thu nhap binh quan 1 thang cua mdt hd gia dinh (d/hd).
TT: Sd'phffdng thffc tuyen truyen.
CB: Mffc tin tffdng dd'i vdi can bp lanh dao.
CTR: Mffc tin tu'dng dd'i vdi chffdng trinh.
CT: Sd Iffdng to chffc chinh tri tham gia.
_ Dffa vao nhffng phan tich ve tac ddng cua cac nhan td tdi mffc ddng gdp ciia ngffdi dan d tren, nhff gia thuyet dffa ra thi da'u ciia cac he sdhdi quy tff tdi deu mang dii'u dffdng. Hoi quy md hinh (I) thu dffdc ke't qua nhff Bang.
Nhff vay. hdi quy md hinh (1) ta thu dtfdc:
DC, = - 69.7417.9 + 0.043252*TNBQ 86.754.77^TT + 134.038. F C B -H 73,996.97^^CTR 20..S65.73"CT
1=1,300 Plidn tich ke't qud Tff md hinh hdi quv:
Prob(t^J = O.OOOO'K O = 0.05 He sdfi, cd v nghia ihcmg ke
f3,= - 69.7417.9 cho thay ngay ca khi TNBQ. TT, CB. CTR, CT hiing 0 thi vin cd nhifng nhan td khac imh hffdng Idl mffe dong gnp eua ngifdi dan, dieu nay lit hdp iy vi tren thifc lc trong nghien cffu nay tac gia kiidng ihe bao quat het ta't ca cae nhan td iinh hudng. Tuy nhien, Pi niiing gia In am la khdng phii hdp vdi liiifc te vi mffc
dong gdp trung binh cua ngff&i dSn khi cic nhan td^d^ c2p t6i trong nghidn cffu bing 0 thi cung khong the la mdt s6 km.
Prob(t^) = 0.0000< a = 0.05 Hisd^^
cd '^ nghia thdng ke.
P^ mang d^u difdng, diiu nay hofkn to^n phii hdp vdi gia thiS't ban dIu mil tdc gii dat ra dd 1^ thu nhSp tang ien se anh hffdng tich ctfc tdi sff tham gia dong gop cua ngffdi dan. Pj= 0.043252 cho thay khi thu nhap binh quSn tang 18n Id thi mffc ddng gop trung binh cua ngffdi dan tang 16n 0.a43252d. Ket qua nay phd hdp vdi thu'c tidn la nhffng hd gia dinh cd thu nhap cao hdn thffdng la nhihig h6 cd mffc ddng gdp cao hdn v^ hoan thSnh mffc ddng gdp dffdc yeu cau
Prob(t^j) = 0.0284< a = 0.05 HesS^^
cd y nghia thdng ke.
p3 mang da'u dffdng, nhff v^y vide tSng cffdng tuySn truyin cho ngffdi din se giup bg khdng nhffng nhan thffc td't hdn, ma cdn s^n sang ddng gdp nhieu hdn.
[3,= 86,754.77 cho thi'y, khi cac phffdng thffc tuyen truyen ve NTM tang them 1 phffdng thffc thi mffc ddng gdp trung binh ve tai chinh cua ngffdi dan lang them 86,754.77d. Tren thffc te, nhffng hp gia dinh nao tra ldi ho dffdc tie'p can vdi ca 3 phffdng phap tuyen truyen ve NTM thffdng se cd mffc ddng gdp cao hdn nhffng ngffdi chi dffdc biet thdng tin ve NTM qua 1 hoac 2 kenh.
Probd^J = d.0000< a = 0.05 He sd^^
cd y nghia thdng ki.
Pj mang da'u dffdng, dieu nay la phii hdp vdi gia thiet ban dau mii tac gia d3t ra dd la khi ngffdi dan tin tffdng hdn vao can bo lanh dao ho se cd y thffc ddng gdp nhieu hdn cho xay dffng NTM. P^
= 134,038.1 chi ra khi mffc do tm tffdng ciia ngffdi dan dd'i vdi can bd lanh dao tang them mdt bac (trong thang do 5) thi ngffdi diin se sfn sang ddng gdp them trung binh la 134,038. Id.
Probd^^,) = 0.0140< a = 0.05 Hesd^, cd y nghia thd'ng ke.
P^ mang dau dffdng, nhff vay ke't qua tff md hinh cd sif tffdng ddng vdi gia thiet ciia tac giii khi cho rang, ngffdi dan se cd xu hffdng ddng gdp ve tai chinh nhieu hdn khi ho cd them Idng tin vao chffdng Irinh xay dffng NTM p.""== 73,996.97 cho Ihii'y khi mffc do tin ttfdng etia ngffdi dan viio chffdng tnnh xiiy dffng NTM (dn vao ldi ich dem iai. khii nang thiinh cdng...) liing them I bac (thang do 5) thi ho se ddng gdp them trung binh 73,996.97d.
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Prob(t^) = 0.1880 >a = 0.05 He so
^^ khdng cd y nghia thd'ng ki.
Trai vdi nhffng dff doan ban dau cua tac gia khi cho rang: So Iffdng cac to chffc chinh tri ma ngifdi dan tham gia tang len se tac ddng lam ho ddng gdp nhieu hdn cho xSy dffng NTM; md hinh da chi ra nhan to' nay khdng cd tac ddng tdi mffc dong gdp ciia ngffdi dan qua viec he so' p^ khdng cd y nghTa thd'ng ke.
KET LUAN VA KHUYEN NGH]
Nhff vay. cac nhan td': Mffc thu nhap binh quan 1 thang, Cac phffdng ihffc tuyen truyen, Ldng tin cua ngffdi dan vao chffdng trinh va Can bd lanh dao deu cd tac ddng tich cffc tdi mffc ddng gdp ve tai chinh cua ngffdi dan.
Tff ket qua tren, theo vie gia. de Chffdng trinh Muc tieu Qud'c gia Xay 'Umg NTM dat hieu qua, thdi gian tdi huyen Ngoc Lae efin thffc hien cac giai phiip sau:
Mot Id. liOig bifc'fc ndng cao ddi sdng vol chdt. tinh thdn cua ndng ddn: day manh cong tdc ddo tao nghe cho ngUifi ddn nc'nig than, gdn vdi nhu cdu ihiel thifc ciia ngifdi ddn. Tff do nang cao kh;i nang kmh te ciia ngifdi dan ndng thdn nhSni uing mffc ddng gdp trong thffc hien Chifdng Irinh xay dffng NTM Thifc hien td't Chi Ihi sd 18/CT-TTg. ngiiy i5/07/20l4 ve lang cffdng chi diio thffc hicn Chifdng tiinh Muc lieu Qude gia Xay dffng NTM Vii Cdng Viin sd 1447/TTg-KTN. ngiiy I3/OK/20I4 ve buy ddng vd'n sidp ciia diin
de thffc hien Chffdng trinh Muc tieu Qud'c gia Xay dffng NTM. dam bao viec huy ddng, quan ly va sff dung vdn thffc hien Chffdng trinh linh boat, hieu qua, phu hdp vdi dia phffdng.
Hai Id. tdng cUdng cdng tdc tuyen truyen, ndng cao nhdn thdc cda ngUdi ddn vi nhdng ndi dung cO bdn vd hi ich cua phong trao xdy dung NTM Can phdi thffc hiidn da dang hda va lam phong phu cac hinh thffc tuyen truyen mdt each thffdng xuyen va hen tuc, dac biet nhan manh vao Idi ich ma khi ngffdi dan tham gia xay dffng NTM cd dffdc, them vao dd la can nang cao chat Iffdng cua dpi ngu myen truyen vien. Cd nhff vay thi tuyen truyen mdi la cdng cu cd tac ddng manh tdi viec khuyen kliich ngffdi dan tham gia vao xay dffng NTM.
Ba Id, de ngUdi ddn tin tUdng vdo Chuong trinh.
Huyen Ngoc Lac can xac dinh rd day la viec cua dan, vi ldi ich cua dan, cdng ddng dan cff ia chu the, Nha nffdc dinh hffdng. hd trd. hffdng dan va tao dieu kien thuiin ldi cho ngffdi dan thffc hien. Tff dd, tao dffdc sff ddng thuan, nhan diin phan khdi tin tifdng, tich cffc tham gia ddng gdp ngay cdng. hie'n da't, ling hd vat chat.. dc chung tay sdm hoiin thanh muc Ueu. Can phai cdng khai thdng tin mdt Ciieb minh bach ve huy ddng vii sff dung ciic ngudn Iffc tai chinh trong qua trinh xay dffng NTM la mdt dieu kien kicn quyet ciin phai thffc hicn
Bdn Id. lao niem tin ciia ngtfdi ddn vdo cdn bd lanh dao dia phUcfng trong chi dao .xdy difng ndng thdn indi. Viec xay dffng NTM la ca mdt qua trinh khdng ihe hoan thanh tiong ngay mot ngay hai. de ngffdi diin cd dffdc sff kien tri Iham gia vao xay difng NTM eiin tao eho ho mdt mem lin, trffdc he't hi vao chinh nhffng ciin bd hlnh dao De lam difdc dieu nay Ciic Ciin bd lanh dao phiii dam biio difde nhffng yen can nhtf: Lam tii'm gifdng sang eho nh;in dan lrt)ng tham gia xay dffng NTM: Quan tam, lang nghe y kie'n ciia ngffdi diin: Khdng ngffng hoc liip niing eao mlns life. Iiinh dd hiin ihfni •
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