Cac nhan to tao dong lu'c lam viec cho nhan vien ky thuat vien thong tai VNPT TP. Ho Chl Minh
LE QaANG HGNG' HOANG NGOYEN KHAI"
LE HOY CCfCfNG*"
Tom tat
Nghien cffu ndy duac thffc hiin nham xdc dinh cdc nhdn tddnh hudng di'n dPng luc Idm viec ciia nhdn vien ky thudt viin thdng tgi VNPT TP. Ho Chi Minh. Kit qud nghiin cffu cho thdy, Dpng Iffc ldm viec cua nhdn vien ky thudt vien thong tgi VNPT TP. Ho Chi Minh bi tdc dpng bdi 7 nhdn td; Luang vd phdc lffi; Sff tu chd trong cdng viic; Ldnh dgo true tii'p; Cdng viec thu viva thdch thffc; Chinh sdch khen thudng vd cong nhdn; Cahpi ddo tgo vd thdng tie'n; Khodn qudn dia bdn. Ddc biit, nhdn to Khodn qudn dia bdn Id nhdn tdmdi dUpc dUa vdo, qua kiem dinh dd duac cong nhdn vd giff lgi trong mo hinh.
TH khoa: dpng Iffc ldm viec, nhdn vien ky thugt vien thong Summary
This study is to identify factors affecting the motivation of telecom technicians in VNPT Ho Chi Minh City. The result indicates that their work motivation is affected by seven factors, which are Salary and welfare. Autonomy at work, Direct leadership. Interesting and challenging work. Reward and recognition policy. Training and promotion opportunities. Contract for area. Especially, Conlracl for area is the new factor which has been recognized and retained in the model.
Keywords: work motivation, telecom technicians
Gldl THIEU nham nSng cao dong life lam vide cua nhan vien ky thuat vidn thong tai VNPT TP. Ho Chi Minh.
VNPT TP. H 6 Chi Minh (tign than la
Bifu dienTP. Ho Chi Minh) tnfdc day CO s d LY THUYET VA MO HINH NGHIEN CLfU la doanh nghiep dgc quyen, mdi trifdng
kinh doanh rat thuSn ldi. Vi die', nhan Cffsdly thuydt
vien it cd dpng life lam viec cao. Hidn Kenneth S. Kovaeh (1987) da phat trien Md hinh nay, mdi tru'dng kinh doanh thay doi, mifdi nhan td'ddng vien nhan vien vdi ndi dung nhu' khdng cdn ddc quyen, ma thay vao dd sau: Cdng viec thu vi; Difdc cdng nhkn day du edng la sif canh tranh quye't liet ciing vdi sif vide da lam; Sif tif chu trong cong vide; Cdng viec phat trien cdng nghd vu'dt bac, kinh on dinh; Lifdng cao; Sif thang tid'n va phat trid'n nghe doanh ngay cang khd khan hdn, ddi hdi nghiep; Dieu kien lam vide td't; Sif gan bd eua cS'p nhan vidn phai cd ddng life lam vide cao tren vdi nhan vidn; XiV ly ky luat kheo leo, te^nhi;
hdn. Hidn nay, VNPT TP. Ho Chi Minh Sif giup dd cua cap tren de giai quyd't nhiing van de cung dang gap rat nhieu khd khan trong ca nhan.
vigc chie'm giij thi phan. Chinh nhUng Ld Thi Bich Phung (2011) thu'c hidn edng trinh dieu nay da knh hu'dng tdi vide khai thac nghien ciJu "C^c nhan to' anh hifdng dd'n ddng life lara va SIJ' dung nang lu'c ca nhan trong dieu viec cua nhan vidn cac doanh nghi?p tai TP. Ho Chi kien canh tranh ngay cang gay gat nhu' Minh". Ke't qua nghidn cu'u cho thay, thang do Dong hidn nay. Nghien ciJu phan tieh va de life lam viec eua nhan vien deu dat difdc do tin cay, xua't mpt so'hamy dd'n cae nha quan tri, gom cd 6 thanh phan: Cdng vide; Thifdng hidu va van 'TS., - T S . , Tnfdng Dai hoc Cong nghe TP. Ho Chi Minh
""ThS., VNPT TP. Ho Chi Minh
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 20/11/2019; Ngdy phdn bien: 15/12/2019; Ngdy duyel ddng: 20/12/2019
Economy and Forecasl Review
75
HINH: MO H C o n g vi?c thu vi
va t h a c h t h u c L u a n g v a p h u c loi
T h u n h a p
M o i t r u o n g va dieu kien l a m viec
S u t u c h u t r o n g c o n g vi^c C h i n h sach k h e n t h u 6 n g va c o n g nhgn
Lanh d a o t r u e tiep
K h o a n q u a n dia b a n
INH NGHIEM H l ( + )
H2(-H)
H3(-i-)
H 4 f + ^
H5(-i-)
H6(-h)
H 7 ( + )
H8(-^)
Cffa DE xaAT
D o n g luc l a m vi?c Clia n h a n vien k y thuat V i e n t h o n g V N P T TP- H 6
C h i M i n h
BAMG 1: KET QGA DAMH GIA 0 0 TIN C^Y THAMG DO Thang do
LiTdnji va phtic lcfi Khoan quan dia ban Cong viec thii vi va thach thtfc M6i tnrcfng va dieu kien lam viec Cd hoi dao tao va thang uen Sif tir chu trong confi viec Chinh sach khen thufcfngva cong nhan Lanh dao tnfc tiep Dong lire chung
Bi^n quan sat thanh pfain LVPLl. LVPL2. LVPL3. LVPL4. LVPL5 KQDBl, KQDB2, KQDB3, K0DB4, KQDB5 CVTVVTTl. CVTVVTT2. CVTVVTT3, CVTVVTT4. CVTVVTT5
MTVDKLVl, MTVDKLV2. MTVDKLV3.
MTVDKLV4, MTVDKLV5 CHDTVTTl. CHDTVTT2. CHDTVTT3.
CHDTVTT4. CHDTVTTS
STCTCVl. STCTCV2. STCTCV3.
STCTCV4, STCTCV5
CSKTVCNl, CSKTVCN2. CSKTVCN3.
CSKTVCN4. CSKTVCN5 LDTTl, LDTT2. LDTT3. LDTT4. LDTT5 DLC1.DLC2.DLC3
msfi Cronbach's Alpha
0.860 0,869 0.796 0-765 0.845 .853 0-746 0.887 0.752
hda cdng ty; Ca'p tren trifc tid'p; Chinh sach dai ngd;
Thu nhap va phuc ldi; va Dong nghidp.
Le Quang Hung (2014) thifc hien cdng tnnh nghidn ciJu Cac nhan to anh hu'dng dgng life lam vide cua nhan vien van phong va diu' ky khoa tai Tnfdng Dai hgc Cdng nghd TP. H 6 Chi Minh, Ke't qua nghien cdy cho thay cd 8 nhan to' chinh nhtf sau: Lanh dao trifc tid'p; Thu nhap:
Phuc ldi: Mdi tnfdng lam vide; Cong vide ap life va thach thu'c; Chinh sach khen diifdng va eong nhan; Danh gia thifc hidn cdng vide, va Thu'dng hieu cd anh hu'dng ddng lu'c Iam viec cua nhan vien van phdng va thtflty khoa tai Tnfdng Dai hoc Cdng nghd TP. Ho Chi Minh.
Difa vao ed sd ly thuye't ndu tren, nhdm tac gia xay difng mo hinh nghien cu'u nhtf Hinh.
Phuangphdp nghien cdu Nghidn CU'U dinh tinh ddoc Uiifc hien viec thao luan tnfc tid'p vdi 16 ngiTd' bao gom 9 tnfdng va phd phdng cti a cac trung tam vidn thdng tnfc thugc VNPT TP. Hd Chi Minh va 7 chuyen vien. Bang cau hdi chinh thu'c difdc xay difng gom 43 bid'n quan sat tifdng u'ng vdi 9 diang do thanh phan trong md hinh nghidn cu'u.
Dd'i tifdng khao sat la 259 nhan vidn ky thuat vien thdng VNPT TP. H 6 Chi Minh. Thdi gian khao sat tif ngay 01/03- 30/04/2019. Tong cdng cd 259 bang cau hdi difdc phat ra, thu ve co 255 bang hdp Id. Phan mem SPSS 20 difde sif dung dd' kiem dinh thang do va md hinh nghien ciJu. (Bdi vie't sff dung cdch vie't sd thgp phdn theo tiiu chudn qudc te).
KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU
Ddnh gid dp tin cgy Cronbach's Alpha Kd't qua danh gia 9 thang do thanh phan (Bang 1) cho tha'y, ea 9 thang do deu dat ydu cau, vdi he so' Cronbach's Alpha > 0.7 va cac bid'n quan sat trong thang do thanh phan deu co tifdng quan bie'n - tong > 0.3. Do do, eac bid'n quan sat cua thang do nay deu du'dc giif nguydn cho phan tich nhan td'kham pha (EFA) tie'p theo.
Phan tich EFA
Nghien cu'u tid'n hanh phan tich EFA 9 lan. kd't qua lan Itfdt loai cac bie'n:
STCTCVl, STCTCV2, CVTVVTT4, CSKTVCN3. CSKTVCN5, CHDTVTT5, KQDB4, CSKTVCN2.
Kd't qua kiem dinh Bariett lan cuo'i cho tha'y, gitfa cac bid'n trong tong the cd md'i ttfdng quan vdi nhau (Sig. = 0.00 <
0.05). Dong thdi, he so' KMO = 0.876>
0.5, chtfng td phan tich nhan to' de nhdm cac bien lai vdi nhau la thich hdp va dtf lieu phli hdp cho vide phan tich nhan to'.
Cac nhan to' deu cd gia tri Eigenvalues
> I. Vdi phtfdng phap mt trich Principal Components Analysis va phep quay Vanmax, cd 8 nhan to' dtfdc mt trich ra iU bien quan sat. Phtfdng sai trich la 68.265%
>50% la dat yeu eau. Dieu nav chtfng td 8 nhan to nit trich ra thg hien dtfdc kha nang giai thieh dtfdc 68.265% stf thay dd'i eua bien phu thugc trong tong the'.
Kd't qua cac nhan td duoc oom lan cudi nhtf sau: '^
- Nhan to'Lanh dao trtfc tiep cd 5 bid'n quan sat la LDTTl, LDTT^ L F I T T I LDTT4.LDTT5. ' ' ^ ^ '
76
- Nhan to' Ltfdng va phuc ldi cd 5 bie'n quan sat Ik LVPLl, LVPL2, LVPL3, LVPL4, LVPL5.
- Nhan td' Khoan quan dia ban cd 4 bien quan sat la KQDBl, KQDB2, KQDB3,KQDB5.
- Nhan td Cd hgi dao tao va thang tid'n cd 4 bien quan sat la CHDTVTTl, CHDTVTr2,CHDTVTT3,CHDTVTT4.
- Nhan td' Cdng vide thii vi va thach thlJc cd 4 bie'n quan sat la CVTVVTTl, CVTVVTT2,CVTVVTT3,CVTVVTT5.
- Nhan td Mdi trtfdng va dieu kien lam vide cd 4 bid'n quan sat la MTVDKLVl, MTVDKLV2,MTVDKLV3,MTVDKLV4.
- Nhan td'Stf Itf chu trong cdng vide cd 3 bie'n quan sat la STCTCV3, STCTCV4, STCTCV5.
- Nhan to' Chinh sach khen thtfdng va cdng nhan cd 2 bien quan sat la CSKTVCNl, CSKTVCN4.
Phdn tich md hinh hdi quy tuyi'n tinh da bii'n
Phan tich md hinh hdi quy tuye'n tinh da bie'n lan dau, thi bie'n ddc lap MTVDKLV khdng dat yeu cau do t ^^^
-1.216 < t^^^s-m) - 1-^^^ ™ g'^ ^n ^ 4 - the' hien do tin eay kdm = 0.225 > 0.05.
Do dd, bid'n MTVDKLV khdng ed y nghTa thdng kd nen bi loai ra khoi md hinh cho vidc phan tich md hinh hoi quy iln tid'p theo.
Gid tn hd so' R- la 0,719 cd nghia la mo hinh hdi quy tuye'n linh da xay dtfng phu hdp vdi dtf lieu 71.9%. Ndi each khac, 71.9% ddng life lam vide cua nhan vien ky thuat vidn thdng tai VNPT TP.
Hd Chi Minh la do md hmh hdi quy giai thich. Cae phan cdn lai la do sai sd' va cac nhan td'khac. (Hoang Trong va Chu Nguyen Mdng Ngpc, 2008). Kid'm dinh Durbin Watson = 1.688 trong khoang [1
< D < 3], ndn khdng cd hien ttfdng ttfdng quan eua c^c phan dtf.
Khi xet t^^^ va t^, cua cae bie'n de' do dd tin cay thi tat ca cac bid'n ddc lap deu datyeu cau do t^,^,> t^^, ^^^^ = i .969 (nhd nhat la 2.036) va cac gid tri Sig. the' hien do tin cay kha cao, deu < 0.05 (ldn nha't la 0.043). Ngoai ra, he sd' VIF cua cac he so Beta deu nhd hdn 2 (ldn nhat la 1.818) va he so'Tolerance deu > 0.5 (nhd nha't la 0.550) cho tha'y khdng cd hidn ttfdng da cong tuyd'n xay ra.
TCf Bang 3, phtfdng trinh h6i quy tuyd'n tinh da bid'n dtfdc vie't nhtf sau:
Dpng life ldm viec cua nhdn vien ky thudt viin thong tgi VNPT TP. Ho Chi
BANG 2: KET QGA PHAN TICH EFA LAN CUOI Big'n quan sat
LDTTl LDTT2 LDTT4 LDTT3 LDTT5 LVPLl LVPLl LVPL3 LVPL5 LVPL4 KODBI K0DB2 K0DB5 KQDB3 CHDTVTT3 CHDTVTT2 CHDTVTTl CHDTVTT4 CVTVVTT2 CVTVVTTl CVTVVTT3 CVTVVTT5 MTVDKLV3 MTVDKLV4 MTVDKLVl MTVDKLV2 STCTCV5 STCTCV3 STCTCV4 CSKTVCN4 CSKTVCNl
NhSn tfi' 1
0 829 0 774 0 728 0 705 0 68S 0.217 0.275
0.213
0.213 0.228 0.274 0.342
2
0 780 0 753 0-734 0 673 0 628
0.248
0.230
0.327 0.271
0.219 3
0 225 0 846 0.837 0,705 0 705
0,271 4
0.256 0.211
0,212
0.819 0,774 0-757 0.713
0.253
0-214 5
0.270
0.''44 0,252
0 760 0.751 0,655 0,647
0.225 6
0.218 0 280
0.235
0.241 0.767 0 687 0.675 0.620
7 0.243 0,302
0,231
0.268
0 759 0.737 0 736
8
0.241
0.237
0 231
0.222
0.764 0.714
Minh = 0.163 * LDTT + 0.276 * LVPL + 0.213 *KQDB + 0.152 * CHDTVTT + 0.146 * CVTVVTT + 0.198 * STCTCV-\- 0.077 * CSKTVCN
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGH!
Kd't qua hghidn cu'u cho tha'y, 7 nhan to', gom: Ltfdng va phuc ldi; Stf ttf ehu trong cdng vide; Lanh dao trtfc tid'p; Cdng viec thu vi va thach thtfc; Chinh sach khen thtfdng va cdng nhan; Cd hdi dao tao va thang tid'n;
Khoan quan dia ban deu cd tac dpng ty Id ihukn de'n dOng life lam vide cua nhan vien ky thuat vidn thdng tai VNPT TP. H 6 Chi Minh, Trong dd, nhan to'Ltfdng va phiic ldi tac dgng manh nha't.
Ttf ke't qua nghien etfu trdn, de' tao ddng life lam viec cua nhan vien ky thuat vidn thdng tai VNPT TP.
Ho Chi Minh, theo chting tdi, VNPT can thtfc hidn mdt so'giai phap sau:
Ve nhdn td Luang vd phuc lai. VNPT TP. Ho Chi Minh can xay dtfng lai_cd chd' ehi tra tien Itfdng cho nhan vien Ky thuat Vien thdng cho phil hdp vdi tinh hinh thtfc td'cua thi trtfdng, bang each tang ddn^gia tien Itfdng liang thang ldn mtfc 30.000 d6ng/l diem BSC thay cho ddn gia hien tai ia 22.000 ddng/1 diem BSC.
Rieng phiic ldi hang nam. ndn tang thdm ti^n cho sua't nghi mat va sinh nhat cho nhan vien.
ELonomy and Forecasl Review
77
: THONG SO THONG KE TRONG M O HINH HOI QUY TUYEN TINH
BANG PHCfdNG PHAP ENTER hoan thanh tot cong vu minh.
Mdbinh
(HanK SO) LVPL KODB CVTVVTT CHDTVTT STCTCV CSKTVCN LDTT
chu^n h6a B -3,704
0.434 0.316 0''''6 0 250 0 286 0 134 0.244
Sai sd' chu^n 0 315 0 070 0 063 0,061 0.06.^
0.064 0.066 0 068
HfsfT chuSn hoa
Beta
0.276 0213 0.146 0.152 0.198 0.077 0.163
t -11 749
6.186 5 042 3 683 3.827 4 452 2.036 3 576
Sig.
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 000 0.000 0.043 0.000
Thfing k6 da *
Tolerance
0 572 0 639 0 727 0.725 0.578 0.801 0.550
H$s6' VIF
1.749 1.565 1.375 1.379 1.731 1.249 1.818 ."^•quon Phjin Uch du lieu cua n h o m tac gJa
Ve nhdn id Khodn qudn dia bdn. Day la md hinh mdi dtfde ap diing tai VNPT TP. H 6 Chi Minh ndi ridng va toan Tap doan Btfu chinh Vidn thdng Viet Nam ndi chung. Tuy nhidn, nd van cdn mdt sd' bat cap, nhtf; nhan vidn ky thuat vidn thdng thtfdng tru/tam trii tai Quan 5, Tan Binh, Binh Chanh lai quan ly dia ban Hdc Mdn, Thu Dtfc, Cu Chi... va ngtfdc lai. Di^u nay lam cho nhan vien ky Ihuat vidn thdng mS't nhieu thdi gian di chuye'n dd'n ehd lam, md'i quan he vdi ngtfdi dkn dia phtfdng ndi dd bi han che'... Vi vay, Phdng Nhan stf VNPT TP Ho Chi Minh can xem xet dd'n nhan td nay, qua dd can ctf vao ndi thtfdng trii/tam trti cua nhan vidn de dieu ehuyd'n, bd' tri dia ban cho phii hdp. Dong thdi, Phdng Ke' toan - Ke hoach va Phdng Nhan sff VNPT TP. Ho Chi Minh phdi hdp vdi Phdng Ke'hoach - Ke' toan va Phdng Nhan stf cua Trung tam Kinh doanh VNPT TP. Ho Chi Minh xSy dtfng cd che"
ddng life dong bd gitfa 2 khd'i ky thuat va kinh doanh.
vi nhdn id Sff IU chu trong cdng viec. VNPT TP.
Ho Chi Minh c^n phai de nhan vien ky thu^t vidn thdng thd' hidn quyen ki^m soat va chiu trach nhiem vdi cdng vide cua minh. Giao vide va giao quyen phil hdp cho nhan vidn dd' ho cd the ttJ" kid'm soat va ttf chiu trach nhiem vdi cdng vide cua minh. Nhan vien ky thuat vidn thdng can nhan thay rang, ke'l qua cua cdng vide phu thupc ra't nhieu vao nhtfng nd Itfc, nhtfng sang kie'n va eac quyd't dinh cua chinh ho.
Ve nhdn id Ldnh dgo trffc liep. Nhan vien se lam vidc hieu qua hdn ne'u ho dtfde cap tren lang nghe, tdn trong y kid'n; khen ngdi, ghi nhan thanh tich khi
Ngoai ra, stf hd trd dpng ^ >ci), ^ " 5 " ^ ^ ^ , ddn quyen ldi ciia nhan vien ky ' " • vidn thdng v i stf kheo leo, te nhi trong vide gdp y, phe binh cua cap trdn cung ik mdt ngudn ddng vidn rat tdn ddn long nhidt huyd't, t2n tuy vdi cdng vide va gdp ph^n lam tang hieu qua lam viec cua ho.
Ve nhdn td Co hpi ddo tgo yd thang tie'n. Nhan vidn k j thuSt vidn thdng dtfOc dao tao se giup ho tich liiy dtfdc kid'n thu'c, nang cao trinh dd, va tif tin hdn trong cdng vide. Chinh sach ve stf thang dd'n cd y nghTa trong vide ho^n thidn ca nhan, tang ddng Itfc lam viec cho ca nhan, d6ng thdi la cd sd de thu hut, giir chSn ngtfdi gioi de'n va lam vide vdi to' chtfc. Lanh dao VNPT TP. Hd Chi Minh nen ed kd' hoaeh dao tao dong bg ky nang quan l;y cho ta't ca cac nhan vidn chuan bi bd' nhidm va cac nhdm trtfdng, ddi trtfdng da bo nhiem lam quan ly.
Ve nhdn td Cong viic thd vi vd thdch thffc. M6t cdng vide thu vi ludn tao cho ngtfdi lao dong mot ddng Itfc lam vide hang say, thoai mai. Ngoai ra, nd'u cdng vide dd vtfa thii vi va lai vtfa cd diach thtfc, thi se giup cho nh&n vien lam vide khong bi nham chan. Phan giao cdng vide phD hdp vdi nang life, trinh dp, do tuoi, va sd trtfdng cila ttfng nhkn vidn ky thuSt vien thdng.
V^' nhdn to Khen thudng vd cdng nhdn. VNPT TP. Ho Chi Minh c^n xky dtfng chd' do thtfdng phat rd rang. Co chinh sach khen thtfdng theo ket qua cdng viee, khen thtfdng kip thdi. VNPT TP. Hd Chi Mmh phai xay dtfng quy chd' khen thtfdng chuan va ludn nha't quan thtfc thi cac chinh sach khen thtfdng va cdng nhan. Khi xet khen thtfdng, lam the' nao de' khdng bd sdt nhffng ngtfdi thtfc stf xtfng dang va khdng trao nham phan thtfdng cho nhtfng ngtfdi ; : , bieng.Q
JTAILIEUTHAMKHAO-
1. Ld Quang HiJng (2017). Phdn tich dff lieu trong kmh doanh, Nxb Kinh td'
2. Hoang Trgng, Chu Nguydn Mdng Ngpc (2008). Phan tich dff Uiu vdi SPSS. Nxb Hd Fi V 3. Le Quang Hung (2014). Nghien cffu nhdn td tdc dpng den dpng luc ldm viee ciia nh^ - vdn phong vd thuky khoa tgi Trudng Dgi hoc Cong nghi TP. Ho Chi Minh, De tainghidn ctj'^kT"
hoc cap trtfdng
' 4 Ld Thl Bich Phung (2011). Cdc nhdn to dnh hudng den dpng luc ldm viec cua nht.,i i-fef, ^ - ^ nghiep tai TP. Ho ChiMinh, Luan van thac sy kinh te, Trtfdng Dai hgc Kmh teTP. Hd Ci^l Mu^*^
5 Kovaeh, K. A. (1987). Employee motivation; addressing a 11 uc uil factor in ycr-. orenr, • performance. Employment Relations Today, 22(2), 93-107 "'^«^'o« s
