Cac nhan to anh hu'dng den dong li/c lam viec cua nhan vien tai cac doanh nghiep nho va vifa cf huyen Don DUOng, tinh Lam Dong
NGtlYlN TH! PHCrcJNG THAO"
MGUYIN VAIS TCf"
Tom t^t
Tren ca sd tdng hop ly thuyi't tff nhffng nghiin cffu trudc ddy. bdi vii't ndy de xudt mo hinh gom 8 nhdn tdtdc dgng di'n dgng lffc ldm viic cua nhdn viin tgi cdc doanh nghiep nho va vffa trin dia bdn huyen Dan Duang, tinh Ldm Dong. Kit qud chi ra 6 nhdn tddnh hudng den dgng lffc ldm viec cua nhdn vien. do Id: Quan he ddng nghiip; Ca hgi thdng tie'n; Sff cong nhdn; Dgc diem cong viic; Chinh sdch tien luang; Ldnh dgo. Tren ca sd dd. nghien cffu dUa ra mgt so hdm y qudn tri nham thuc day ddng luc ldm viic cho ngudi lao dgng.
Tuf khoa: dgng lffc ldm viic, nhdn vien, doanh nghiap nhd vd vffa Summary
Based on theories from previous studies, this study proposes a model of eight factors affecting employee motivation in small and medium-sized enterprises in Don Duong district, Lam Dong province. The outcome discovers only six determinants, which are Relationships with peers; Promotion opportunities; Recognition; Job characteristics;
Wage policy; Leadership. From this finding, some implications are provided to strengthen employee motivation.
Keywords: work motivation, employee, small and medium-sized enterprises GlOfI THIEU CO s d LY THUYET D l cd thl dat dtfdc cac chi tidu ke' hoach cung nhtf D$ng Itfc lam viec
miic lieu chie'n Itfdc da de ra. mdi doanh nghidp c^n Theo tac gia Nguyln Van Diem vd cd stf ke't hdp va stf dung nhilu nguon Itfc kbac nhau, Nguyen Nggc Quan (2007): "Ddng Itfc trong do khdng the khdng ke de'n nguon Itfc con ngtfdi. lao ddng Id stf khao khat, ttf nguydn etfa Thtfc te'cho tha'y, doanh nghiep ndo sdhi?unguln nhan ngtfdi lao ddng de tang ctfdng no Itfc Itfc chat Itfdng va stf dung td'i nguon Itfc ndy, thi doanh nham htfdng tdi mdt muc lieu kit oua nghidp do se thdnh cdng. ndo dd".
Viec stf dung td't nguon nhdn Itfc t h l hidn qua Cdn Biii Anh Tuan (2005) cho rang- nhieu ndi dung, trong do cd boat dong tao ddng Itfc "Ddng Itfc lam vide la nhffng nhan to' cho ngtfdi lao ddng. Vi vay. nam bdt dtfdc cdc nhdn bdn trong kich thich con ngtfdi tich Id' tac dgng de'n dgng Itfc Idm vide cua nhdn vidn Id lam vide trong dieu kidn eho nhe rat quan trgng trong chid'n Itfdc nhan stf. Dd cung la nang sud't, hidu qua cao Bieu h ' ^ ly do thtfc day nhdm tdc gia thtfc hien ngbien ctfu ddng Itfc la stf san sans nd Itfr '""^
nay, qua dd giup ldnh dao cua cac doanh nghidp xdy lam viec nhdm dat dtfdc'muc r " ^ ^^
dtfng chie'n Itfdc nhdn stf td't nhat, tao ra mdi trtfdng chtfc cung nhtf ban than ngtfdi I'^^i^"^ I?
lam viec td'i tfli, ma d do cdc nhan vien phdt huy he't Ttf cdc khdi niem tren c'^th-'°h^-' tilm Itfc cua minh, ddng gdp cho stf phdt trien chung ban chd't cua ddng luc Iam " i- ^^^
cua doanh nghidp. hien hdnh ddng va thai dd'^'^ ^^i^*^*^^
• Khoa Kinh te - Quan trj kinh doanh, Trtfdng Dai hgc Da L^t
"aBND huyen Ddn Dtfdng, tinh Lam Dong
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 20/5/2020; Ngdy phdn bi^n. 22/6/2020: Ngdy duy$i ddng 26/6/2020
ngtfdi lao ddng trong cdng viec vd dd'i vdi to chtfc. Dieu nay cd nghia Id ddng life mang tinh cd nhdn. Mdi ngtfdi lao ddng dam nhiem nhiTng cdng viec khac nhau cd the cd nhiJng dgng life khac nhau de lam viec tich ctfc hdn.
Cac nhSn td' anh h t f ^ g den ddng l^c lam vi^c cua nhan vidn
Cd rd't nhieu nghidn culi lidn quan de'n ddng Itfc Iam vide cua nhan vien, trong do tieu bieu Id thuye't hai nhan td' dtfdc nha tam Iy hgc ngtfdi My Frederick Herzberg khdi xtfdng nam 1959. Hgc thuye't nay da vd dang du'dc cac nha quan
\^ doanh nghidp ap dung rdng rai.
De xay dtfng hgc thuyd't hai nhan to', Herzberg da tid'n hanh phong van 203 nhdn vien kd' todn va ky stf tai My. Phdt hidn cua Herzberg da tao ra mgt stf ngac nhidn ldn, vi nd da dao Idn nhan thtfc thdng thtfdng. Cac nha quan ly thtfdng cho rang, dd'i ngtfdc vdi thoa man la ba't man va ngtfdc lai. Nhtfng, Herzberg Iai cho rang, dd'i nghich vdi bd't man khdng phai la thda man, ma la khdng bd't man va dd'i nghich vdi thda man khdng phai la bat man, ma la khdng thda man.
Hgc thuye't nay phan ra hai nhdm nhan td'cd tac dung tao ddng Itfc:
- Nhdm nhan id' thuc d^y: gIm edc nhan to thudc ben trong cdng vide, do la: stf thanh dat, stf cdng nhdn. ban thdn cdng vide, trdch nhidm. stf thang tie'n, phat trid'n cd nhdn. Ddy ehinh la nhtfng nhu ciu cd ban eua ngtfdi lao ddng khi tham gia Iam vide. Dac didm eua nhdm nay la ne'u khdng dtfdc thda man, thi ddn dd'n bat man; ne'u dtfdc thda man. thi se cd tac dung tao ddng Itfc.
- Nhdm nhan to' duy tri: gom cde nhan to thudc v l mdi trtfdng lam vide.
nhtf: chinh sach va quy dinh cua doanh nghidp, stf giam sat, tiln Itfdng, dieu kidn Iam vide, quan he vdi dong nghiep.
Cdc nhan td' nay khi dtfdc td chtfc td't se ngdn ngtfa stf khdng thoa man dd'i vdi cdng viec cua ngtfdi lao ddng.
Md hinh va gia thuyd't nghien ctfu Nhdm tdc gia van dung thuye't hai nhdn to cua Herzberg (1959), cung vdi tham khao y kie'n chuydn gia, ttf dd xay dtfng md hinh nghien ciJu gom 8 nhdn to' dnh htfdng tdi Dgng life lam vide (DL) cua nhdn vien tai cac doanh nghiep nho va vtfa, cu thl: Mdi trtfdng lam viec (MT);
Chinh sach tien Itfdng (TL); Chinh sdch phuc Idi (PL); Ddc dilm cdng viec (CV);
Cd hdi thang tid'n (TT); Stf cdng nhdn
HiMH: MO HINH NGHIEN CQU DE XGAT
M o i Iru6ng ]ai
(CN); Quan he dong nghidp (DN); Ldnh dao (CT). Md hinh nghidn cu\i dtfdc the hien nbtf Hinh.
Gia thuyd't nghien ciJu dtfdc trinb bay nhtf sau:
Gid thuyi't HI: Mdi trtfdng lam viec cd lac ddng ctfng chieu den dong life Iam viec cua nhan vien
Gid thuyi't H2: Chinh sach tiln Itfdng tdc ddng cung chilu dd'n dgng Itfc lam viec cua nhan vidn
Gid thuyet H3: Chinh sach phtfc ldi lac ddng cung chieu de'n dgng Itfc ldm vide eua nhan vien
Gid ihuyi'i H4: Dac dilm edng vide cd tdc ddng eung chieu de'n ddng Itfc lam viec etfa nhdn vidn
Gid thuye't H5: Cd hgi thang tie'n cd tac ddng cung ehilu dd'n ddng Itfc lam vide cua nhan vien
Gia thuyet H6: Stf cdng nhdn ed tdc dgng cung chieu dd'n ddng life lam vide cua nhdn vidn
Gid thuyet H7: Quan hd dong nghidp ed tac ddng cung chieu de'n dgng Itfc Iam viec etfa nhan vien
Gid thuyi't H8: Lanh dao cd tac dgng cung chilu de'n dgng Itfc lam viec cua nhan vien
PHU'DNG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
Trong nghien ciJu nay. nhdm tdc gia stf dung thang do Likert 5 ca'p do ttf 1 - Hoan toan khdng dong y de'n 5 - Hoan toan dong y. Dtf lieu dtfdc thu thap bdng bang cau hoi khao sat gtfi de'n 300 nhan vien dang cdng tac tai cde doanh nghiep nhd va vtfa tren dia ban huyen Ddn Dtfdng, tinh Lam Dong ttf thang 11/2019 dd'n thang 3/2020. Kd't qua thu v l la 245 mdu, sau khi loai nhtfng bang hdi tra ldi thid'u thdng tin. khdng trung thtfe va sai sdt, con lai 230 bang du tidu chua'n d l phan tich trong nghien ctfu nay. Phtfdng phap phdn ticli nhan to' kham pha (EFA) va phdn tieh hoi quy bdi dtfdc su" dung de phan tich dtf lieu (Bdi vii'l sff dung cdch vie't sdlhgp phdn theo chuan quoc ti').
KET QUA NGHIEN CL/U Danh gia dg tin c^y cua thang do
Theo ke't qua trinb bay tai Bang 1, td't ca cdc thanh phan dpc lap cua md hinh nghien ei?u diu cd he so'
Economy and Forecast Review
51
BANG 1: Hf SO CROMBACH'S ALPHA CUA CAC THAMH PHAN THANG DO Blfii
quan
Trung binh tbang do D^|llll«Illl^
Phrftfngsai thSBgdo l>filtlia!bi&
TndngqnU Cranliach's bi^n ASfibml^
Thanh phin Chinh sach ti^n littfng: Cronbach's AJpha = 0.850 TLOI
TL02 TL03 TL04 TL05
11.05 11.27 11.46 11.22 10.91
8.439 9.010 9.490 9.440 10.062
.7931 .780 .661
.686 .586 .582
.818 .813 .839 .838 Thanh phin MSi trtfcfng lam vi^c: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.837 MT06
MT07 MTOS MT09 MTIO
12.84 12.85 12.98 12.59 13.07
7.585 7.955 7.956 8.496 8.633
.720 .671 .678 .654 .488
.780 ,795 ,793 .802 .846 Thanh phan Chinb s^ch phuc l<^: Cronhach's Alplia = 0.734 P L l l
PL12 PL13 PLM
11.62 11.80 12.11 1193
2 804 2 955 2.878 2.825
.554 .657 .5531 .661
413 607
.749 .630 Thanh phin Quan h$ dSng nghiap: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.816 DN15
DN16 DN17 DN18
11.64 11.54 11.50 11.53
2,484 2.372 2.548 2,329
631 .608 .638 .676
.772 .784 .770 .750 Thanh nhin Lanh dao: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.859 CT19
CT20 CT21 CT22 CT23
14 34 14 50 14.37 14.41 14.38
6.523 7.020 7.020 6,986 7,572
710 581 .782 .743 .600 Thanh phin D$c di^'m cdng vi^c: Cronbach's Al CV24
CV25 CV26 CV27 CV28 CV29
18.75 18.71 18.73 18.43 18.53 18.75
8.030 7.421 7.742 7.758 7.901 9.351
587 690 617 699 .609 .278
,822 .858 806 814 .848 nha = 0.814
.783 .758 .776 .759 778 .844 Thanh phin CO hoi thSng tl^'n: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.888 TT30
rr3i
TT32 Tr33
10.14 10.26 10.05 9.95
4714 4.473 4.605 4.993
768 .759 .811 .687
,851 ,856 ,835 ,881 Thanh phin Sif cOng nhSn: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.808 CN34
CN35 CN36
6.12 6.47 6.38
1.819 1.604 1.756
639 .719 613
,755 .668 .781 Th&nh phin D$ng Wc lam vi^c: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.821 DL37
DL38 DL39 DL40
11.35 11.60 11.45 11.53
3.548 3.254 3.034 3 063
.604 .645 .691
.794 .775 .753 .6461 .776
Cronbach's Alpha djt ngirSng cho phep (tren 0.6) yi h$ so MOng quan bien long > 0.3, nen diioc chap nhan de dUa vao phan Iich EFA
PhSn tfeh EFA ,'^1'»''"^"f'jfbicn Ke-t qua EFA cua thang do cac ^28, doc lap cho thay, cac quan ^^' .-,ji r T 2 0 CV27 va CV29 co trong so
^S^SJ'^ao^S^-'^"-^'*"
^ n S q u a n s i . c . n l , i d o , * g ^ 0 8 nhan 16' doc lap d f * trfch vao 08 nhan Sta,Ei"envaiue= 1.119 vaphUOng sai hrfat 69 P7%, d6ng thM, duoc rut Sioc'?"nha„t'.J(FactorLoad,r,g)d,t
;™u chua-n > 0.5 va chenh ISch n-ong so ta.
nhan to (Factor Loading) > 0.3.
KlquikiemtraCronbach'sAlphatat ca cac thang do diu co he so Cronbach's Alpha > 0.6 (Bang 2) vii co tirong quan bien tong deu > 0.3. _ , . - , .
Nhit vay. vdi 36 bien quan sat da phan tich EFA, kS't qua phdn tfch nit trich dirjc 08 nhan to' nhil trong mo hinh de xuat.
Trpng so cua cac bien quan sat d i u > 0.5 va he so tai nhan to cua cac bie'n vdi cac nhdm nhan to' < 0.3, cho tha'y thang do dat dirdc gia tri hpi tu.
Phan tich EFA cho bife'n phu thufic Theo ke't qua phan tich EFA tai Bang 3, he so KMO = 0.758 vdi miJc y nghia la 0.00 trong kiem dinh Bartlett. Tong phUdng sai trich la 65.268% > 50% va chi so Eigenvalue la 2.611 >1. Cac bie'n CO he so tai >0.5. Nhu vay, thang do dat gia tri dung mpt nhan to' nhU mo hinh dS xua't, dong thdi dat do gia tri hoi tii do CO he so' tai nhan to' > 0.5, tong phifdng sai trich tren 50%.
Ki^m dinh mfi hinh nghian ctfu bang ph9n tich hSi quy b^i
Phdn tich tuang quan
TrUdc khi tien hanh phan tich hSi quy boi, phai xem xet moi tuong quan tuyen tinh giOa bien phu thupc va tCtng bie'n ddc lap, cung nhil_gitta cac bie'n dac ISp vdi nhau. N & bien phu thudc v4 biin doc lap cd moi tUOng quan tuye'n tinh, thi tiS'n hanh phSn tich hoi quy.
K 6 qua cho thay tSn tai m S wonE quan giffa bien phu thupc (Dong luc |i m viec) vdi cic bien dpc lap (Chinh sarh tien Wdng; Lanh dao; Co hoi thang tis^, Quan he dong nghiep; Dac diln, cS, viec; Chinh sach phiic loi; s u cong nt- va Moi trudng lam viec) vdi mile v „„i,l"
1% va 5%. Nhu vay, dc bi»'n dac ij !
the difa vao md hinh de giai thich cho ddtig life lam vide cua nhdn vien tai cdc doanh nghiep nhd va viCa d huyen Ddn Difdng. Ngoai ra, he so' tifdng quan giffa cac bid'n ddc ldp nam d mu'c tii"0.106 de'n 0.621, nen khdng gdy quan ngai ve hien lu'dng da cong tuyd'n giii'a cac bie'n ddc ldp trong qua trinh phan tich h6i quy.
Phdn tich hoi quy bgi
Nhdm tde gia difa ta't ca 08 bien ddc lap trong md hinh nghidn ciJu vao phan lich h6i quy bdi bang phifdng phdp difa vao ciing mot liic (Enter).
Bang 4 cho tha'y, he sd' R binh phifdng hieu chinh bdng 0.519, nghta la md hinh hoi quy tuye'n tinh bdi da xay difng phCi hdp vdi tap dff lieu la 51.9%. Hay ndi each khac, cd Ichoang 51.9% bie'n thidn ciia Dong life lam viec difdc giai ihich bdi cac nhan to' trong md hinh.
Theo ke't qua d Bang 5, tri thd'ng ke F dffdc linh tif R square cua md hinh cd miJc y nghia quan sat rat nho (Sig. = 0.000), cho tha'y md hinh hoi quy tuye'n tinh boi phil hdp vdi tap dff lidu va cd th^
siJdung dffdc.
Ke't qua he so' hoi quy cua cac bie'n ddc lap d Bang 6 cho bie't, 6 bie'n ddc lap cd y nghia thd'ng ke vdi Sig. < 0.05, ffng vdi mffc y nghia 95%, do la: Chinh sdch lien Iffdng; Cd hdi thang tid'n; Lanh dao, Quan he dong nghiep; Dac diem cdng viec va Sff cdng nhdn. Nhff vay, ca 6 bie'n d^u anh hffdng tich cffc de'n Ddng life ldm viec. Cdn lai 2 bien la Mdi tnfdng lam viec va Chinh sdch phiic ldi cd Sig.
> 0.05, nen khdng cd y nghTa Ihd'ng ke.
Nhff vay, 6 gia thuyet gom: H2, H4, H5, H6, H7 va H8 dffdc cha'p nhdn, trong khi gia thuyet HI va H3 bi bac bo.
K^t qua cua nghien cffu ciing chi ra, Ddng Iffc lam vide eia nhan vien chiu lac ddng manh nha't bdi Quan he dong nghiep (beta = 0.464); tiep do id Cd hdi thdng tid'n (beta = 0.310); Sff cdng nhdn (beta = 0.309); Ddc diem cdng viec (beta = 0.258);
Chinh sdch tien Iffdng (beta = 0.186) va cud'i ciing la Lanh dao (beta = 0.160).
BAMG 2:
Bi^nouansSt TLOl TL03 TL02 TL05 TL04 MT06 MT07 MTOS MT09 MTIO TT32 TT31 TT30 TT33 CT22 CT21 CT19 CT23 DN18 DN15 DNI7 DN16 PLM PLll PL12 PL13 CV25 CV26 CV24 CN35 CN34 CN36 Cronbach's Alpha
KET QUA EFA CUA CAC BIEN DQC LAP Cdcnbdnt^
1 .876 .768 .762 .671 .581
0.850 2
.826 .803 .797 .716 .632
0.837 3
.839 .810 .789 .708
0.888 4
.850 .771 .760 .718
0.858 5
.751 .734 .720 .703
0.816 6
.775 .769 .754 .596
0.734 7
.871 .773 .763
0.839 8
.788 779 741 0.808 BAMG 3: KET QUA PHAM TICH EFA CUA BEEN PHQ THOQC He so KMO = 0.758
Mu'c y nghTa cua kiem dinh Bartlett = 0.000 Bien quan sat
DL39 DL38 DL40 DL37 Chi so Eigenvalue Phu'dng sal trich Cronbach's Alpha
Sir hJi long .837 .810 .805 778 2.611 65.268%
0821 HAM Y QUAN TRj
Kd't qua cho thd'y, trong so' 8 nhan Id' de xua'l ban dau, thl cd 6 nhan to cd dnh hffdng vdi do tin cay 95% de'n Ddng Iffc ldm viec cua nhdn vien tai cac doanh nghiep nho va vffa, bao g6m: Quan he dong nghidp; Cd hdi thang lien; Sff cdng nhan; Dac diem cdng vide; Chinh sach
BANG 4: CHI TIEU DANH GIA MO HINH HOI QUY Model Summaiy
Mo hinh
1 R .732
" ' R binh phuong
R bmh phtfdng h i ^ chinh .536 519
Sai so chuSn .69334303
He so Durbin-Watson
1 990 a. Bien doc lap. (HSng so). CN. TT, CV, LD, DN. PL, MT, TL b. Bien phu thuoc; DL
Economy and Forecast Review
53
BAMG 1: HE SO CRONBACH'S ALPHA CUA CAC T H A N H PHAN THANG DO Bigb
quan sat
Trung bmh thang do nfu lo^i bi€ii
nnfilttgBai
• i l ! i i l o ^ i &
Tifffngquan blCii ting
Cn)nbach*s Alpha neu lo9ibiSh Thanh phSn Chinh sach tiln lUdng: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.850 TLOI
TL02 TL03 TL04 TL05
11,05 11.27 11.46 11.22 10.91
8.4391 .793 9.010
9.490 9.440 10.062
.661 .686 586 .582
,780 .818 813 .839 .838 Thanh phdn Mdi trifdng lam vifc: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.837 MT06
MT07 MTOS MT09 MT!0
12.84 12.85 12.98 12.59 13.07
7.585 7 955 7.956 8.496 8.633
.720 .671 .678 .654 .488 Thanh ph^n Chinh sach phuc 1^: Cronbach^s Al PLll
PL12 PL13 PL! 4
11.62 11.80 12.11 11.93
2.804 2.955 2.878 2.825
.554 .553 .413 .607
.780 .795 .793 .802 .846 aha = 0.734
.657 .661 .749 .630 Thanh phdn Quan h& dSng nghifp: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.816 DN15
DN16 DN17 DN18
11.64 11 54 11 50 11 53
2.484 2.372 2.548 2.329
.631 .608 .638 .676
.772 .784 .770 .750 Tbanh phdn Lanh dao: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.859 CT19
CT20 CT21 CT22 CT23
14 34 14.50 14.37 1441 14.38
6 523 7 020 7.020 6.986 7.572
.710 .581 .782 .743 .600 Thanh phan Ddc di^m cdng vifc: Cronbach's Al CV24
CV25 CV26 CV27 CV28 CV29
18.75 18.71 18,73 18.43 18.53 18.75
8.030 7.421 7.742 7 758 7 901 9 351
,587 690 .617 .699 .609 .278
,822 858 806 814 ,848 pha = 0.814
.783 .758 .776 .759 .778 844 Thanh nhdn Cd hoi thang ti£'n: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.888 TT30
TT31
10.14 10.26 TT32| 10.05 TT331 9.95 4 714 4 473 4,605 4.993
.768 .759 ,811 ,687
851 856 .835 .881 Thanh p h i n Si^cfing nhSn: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.808 CN34
CN35 CN36
6.12 6.47 6.38
1.819 1.604 1.756
639 ,719 ,613
755 .668 .781 Thanh phin Dfng li/c lam vifc: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.821 DL37
DL38 DL39 DL40
11.35 11.60 11.45 11.53
3.548 3.254 3.034 3 063
,604 ,645 ,691 ,646
.794 .775 .753 776
Cronbach's Alpha dat ngffSng cho ph^p (tren 0.6) va he so' Itfdng quan bien long > 0.3, nen dffdc chd'p nhdn de dffa vao phdn tich EFA.
P M n tich EFA cho bien dpc 1JP,_^
Ke't qua EFA cda thang ^o « ' doc lap cho Ihay, '^^'ITJllsddi CT20, CV27 va CV29 cd m " * * ° / , ^ nhan 6-hoac la < 0,5, hoac chenh l^g^
he so-tai nhan t* coa cac bien vd. nhom nhan to deu > 0,3, nen bi lo?i.
Ka-.,qua,phan * h EFA c o^cong
;*s.sS';So?X^'«"-^-
nhan to-d6c lap dU* trich vao 08 nhan to' tai Eigenvalue = 1.119 va phifdng trich da, 69.127*. ,dSng thai, duclcru trich vao cac nhan t6 (Factor Loading)_,d^t tieu chuiin > 0,5 va chenh lech trpng so ta, nhan toCFactor Loading) > 0.3,
Ket qua kiem tra Cronbach s Alpha tat ca cac thang do diu co he so Cronbach's Alpha > 0.6 (Bang 2) va co tirong quan bid'n long deu > 0.3.
Nhu vSy, vdi 36 bien quan sat da phan ti'ch EFA, ke't qua phan tich rut trich iMc 08 nhan to nhir ffong mo hinh de xuS't.
Trong so cua cac bien quan sat deu > 0.5 va he so tai nhan to'ciia cac bie'n vdi cac nhdm nhan 16' < 0.3, cho thay thang do dat dUdc gia tri hOi tu.
PhSn tich EFA cho bie'n phy thuSc Theo ke't qua phan tich EFA tai Bang 3, he s6' KMO = 0.758 vdi miJc y nghia
\i 0.00 trong kiem dinh Bartlett. Tong phuang sai trich la 65.268% > 50% va chi so Eigenvalue la 2.611 >1. Cac bid'n cd he sd'tai > 0.5. NhU vay, thang do dat gia tri diing mot nhan to nhu mo hinh de xuift, dong thdi dat do gia tri hdi tu do cd he so' tai nhiin to > 0,5, tong phifdng sai trich ffen 50%,
^ Kig'm dinh md hinh nghidn Clhl b^ng phSn tich h6i quy bpi
Phdn tkh tucmg quan
Tnrdc khi tie'n hanh phan tich hoi quy bdi, phai xem x^t md'i tudng quan tuye'n tinh giiJa bie'n phu thuoc va tirng bien doc lap, cung nhir giii'a cac bien ddc lap vdi nhau, N^u bien phu thudc va bie'n doc lap cd moi ttfdng cjuan tuye'n tinh, thi tid'n hanh phan tich hdi quy,
Ke't qui cjio thay, t6n tai md'i Mdng quan giOa bien phu thudc (Ddng Itfc lam vide) vdi cac bien ddc lip (Chinh sich tien Itfdng; Lanh dao; Co hdi thang tie'n- Quan hd dong nghiep; Bac diem cdns
lec. Chinh sach phiic ldi; Stf cdng nl,3„
\h Mdi trtfdng lam vide) vdi mtfc 1% va 59c. Nhtf vay, cac bien ddc 13 y nghia
th6 diia vao mo hinh de giai thich cho dong lU'c iam viec cua nhdn vi6n tai cac doanh nghiep nho va vita d huyen Don Du'dng. Ngoai ra, hd so'tu'ong quan giiJa cdc bien doc lap nam d mu'c tiJf 0.106 de'n 0.621, nen khdng gay quan ngai ve hien tifdng da cdng tuye'n giUa cdc bien doc lap trong qua trinh phan tich hoi quy.
Phdn lich hoi quy boi
Nhom tac gia difa td't ca 08 bid'n doc Idp trong mo hinh nghien ciJu vdo phan tich hoi quy boi bang phifdng phdp difa vdo ciJng mot liic (Enter).
Bang 4 cho thd'y, he so'R binh phifdng hidu chinh bang 0.519, nghia la mo hinh h6i quy tuyen tinh boi da xay ddng phU hdp vdi tap dff Ii6u Id 51.9%. Hay ndi cdch khac, co khoang 51.9% bien thien cua Dong life lam viec du'dc giai thich bdi cac nhan to trong mo hinh.
Theo ket qua d Bdng 5, tri thong ke F du'cfc tinh tii R square cua mo hinh co mi?c y nghia quan sat rd't nho (Sig. = 0.000), cho tha'y mo hinh h6i quy tuye'n linh boi phu hdp vdi tap dff lidu va cd th^
su' dung difdc.
Ke't qua he so' hoi quy cua cac bie'n dgc lap d Bang 6 cho bie't, 6 bie'n dgc lap CO y nghia tho'ng ke vdi Sig. < 0.05, iJug vdi mu'c y nghia 95%, do Id: Chinh sdch tien lifdng; Cd hoi thang tid'n; Ldnh dao, Quan he dong nghiep; Ddc didm cong viec va Sif cong nhan. Nhif vdy, ca 6 bie'n deu anh hifdng tich cifc dd'n D6ng lU'c Iam viec. Con lai 2 bie'n Id Moi tru'dng Iam vide va Chinh sdch phiic Idi cd Sig.
> 0.05, nen khong co y nghia tho'ng kd.
Nhif vdy, 6 gia thuye't gom; H2, H4, H5, H6, H7 va H8 difdc chd'p nhdn, trong khi gia thuyd'l HI va H3 bi bdc bo.
Kd't qua cua nghien cuia cung chi ra, Ddng life Idm vide cua nhan vidn chiu tdc ddng manh nha't bdi Quan he dong nghiep (beta = 0.464); tie'p dd la Cd hgi thang tien (beta = 0.310); Sif cdng nhan (beta = 0.309); Ddc di^m cong viec (beta = 0.258);
Chinh sach tiin lifdng (beta = 0.186) va cud'i ciing la Lanh dao (beta = 0.160).
BAriG 2: KET QGA EFA CUA CAC BIEN D O C LAP Bien quan sat
TLOI TL03 TL02 TL05 TL04 MT06 MT07 MT08 MTOS MTIO TT32 Tr31 rr30 TT33 CT22 CT21 CT19 CT23 DN18 DN15 DN17 DN16 PL14 PLll PL12 PL13 CV25 CV26 CV24 CN35 CN34 CN36 Cronbach's Alpha
C&cnhSHtS' 1
,876 -768 ,762 ,671 ,581
0 850 2
,826 .803 797 716 .632
0.837
»
.839 810 789 .708
0.888 4
.850 .771 .760 .718
0.858 .5
.751 ,734 ,720 ,703
0,816 6
,775 ,769 ,754 ,596
0.734 7
.871 .773 .763
0 839 8
788 .779 .741 0 808 BANG 3: KET QUA PHAN TICH EFA CGA BIEN PHg THUQC Hes6'KMO = 0 758
MiJc y nghTa ciia kiem dinh Bartlett = 0.000 Bi6'nquan sat
DL39 DL.^8 DL40 DL37 Chi so Eigenvalue Phirong sai trich Cronbach's Alpha
Sifhai long .837 .810 .805 -778 2.6il 65.268%
0.821 HAM Y QUAN TRj
Kd't qua cho thd'y, trong s6' 8 nhan td' di xua't ban dau, thi cd 6 nhan to' cd anh hu'dng vdi do tin cdy 95% dd'n Dong life ldm viec cua nhan vien tai cdc doanh nghiep nho va vifa, bao gom: Quan hd d6ng nghidp; Cd hdi thang tid'n; S\i cong nhan; Dac di^m cdng viec; Chinh sach
BANG 4: CHI TIEU DANH GIA MO HIMH HOI QUY Model Summary'*
Mo hinh 1
R 732
R binh phirong
536
R binh phu'dng hifiu chinh
-519
Sai so chuan cua \Sdc lifdng
69334303 H? so Durbin-Watson
1.990 a. Bien d5e lap: (Hang so), CN, TT, CV. LD. DN. PL, MT. TL b. Bie'n phu thu6c: DL
Economy and Forecast Review
53
B A N O 5 : P H A N T I C H A N O V A TRONG MO H I N H H O I Q U V ANOVA'
Mo hinh 1 Hoi quy
SodU Tonn
Tone blnh phiGfiur 122,760 106,240 229,000
8 221 229
Blnh vbmoR ennK binh 15,345 ,481
.. ,F 31921
Sis.
,000
a, Big'n doc lao: (Hane so), CN, TT, CV, LD, DN, PL, MT, TL b, Bien phu tliuoc. DL
trong bd't ky doanh nghiep ndo, s"/ *^"p tid'n tao cd hoi cho cd nhan. tang dia Vl,
BANG 6; H | SO HOI QUY CHUAN HOA VA CHtfA CHUAN HOA Coefficients'
Md tunh
1 (Constanl) TL MT TT LD DN PL CV CN
H$ so hoi quy chiTa chuan lioa B 1.153E-016
.186 -.011 .310 160 464 .051 .258 .309
Sai so chain 046 .046 .046 .046 046 046 046 .046 .046
HS so hfii quy da chuan h6a
Beta .186 -.011 .3iO .160 .464 .051 .258 .309
t 000 4.051 -.235 6.765 3.484 10.125 1.106 5.624 6.755
Sig.
1,000
non
814 .000 .001 .000 .270 .000 000
Thong ke da cdne tuyen Tolerance
1-000 I-000 1.000 1.000 1 000 1.000 1.000 1.000
VIF 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1 000 1.000 1000 a. Bien phu thuoc DL
INgu6n- K e i qua ntjhien ( uu cua n h o m lac qia
tien lu'dng; Lanh dao. Tren cd sd do, nhdm tac gia d l xua't cac giai phdp nham thiic day Dong life lam vide cua nhan vien trong cac doanh nghidp nho va vifa d huyen Ddn Difdng, tinh Ldm Dong nhif sau:
Thff nhdt, xdy dffng mdi quan he dong nghiep. Quan hd d6ng nghiep td't, than thien se lam tang sif thda man, hai long trong cong viec, tif do lang dpng li/c lam vi^c cho nhdn vien. Vi vdy, cac doanh nghiep can thiic dd'y vdn hda h§ trd nhau trong cdng viec, giiip nhau ciing lien bp, sdn sang h§ trd cdng viec cho nhau. Ben canh do, c^n thuc day Iam vide nhdm dd' cai thidn moi quan hd giii'a cac nhan vien.
Thff hai. tgo ca hgi thdng tii'n cho nhdn vien Bdi, thang tid'n la mot nhu cau thid'l Ihi/c cua ngifdi lam vide
uy tin, cung nhi/quyen life cua hP-/^h^
thdi ldng ddng life lam vide giil chan no
vdi td chii'c. , Thff ba. hodn thiin chinh sach^ khen
Ihffdng vd cong nhdn nhffng dong gop cua nhdn vien. Khi difdc ddnh gia dung vdi Idia ndng va cong siic bo ra, nhan vien se cd'ng hie'n khdng ngiftig.
Thff tff sdp xi'p cdng viec phit hgp vm ndng luc nhdn vien. Khi phan cong, bo h:i edng viec, lanh dao doanh nghiep can lifu y xem xet cdng vide cd phti hdp vdi kha nang cua nhdn vien dd kh6n|; phai thdng bao rd cho nhan vien bie't ve c d n | viec hp se lam, qua do nhdn vien c6 the phdt huy the' manh cua minh.
Thff ndm. ddm bdo tien lUOng hap ly.
cdng bang. Cdc doanh nghiep can xay difng chid'n lu'de kinh doanh phu hdp, qua do tang doanh thu nhdm tdng quy tien lifdng, nang cao thu nhdp cho ngifdi lao dpng, vi tien lifcfng la md'i quan tdm hang dau vd la nhan tdduy tri dpng life lam viec cua ngifdi lao dpng. Phifdng phdp phdn chia tien lifdng phai dara bao difdc cdc nguydn tac: tra lifdng theo chu'c danh cdng vide; tra lifdng theo vi tri cong viec: trd lifdng theo kd'l qua cong vide.
Thff sdu, ldnh dgo nen tin tudng vdo ndng lite cua nhdn viin, giao quyin tif quye'i trong cong vide cho nhan vidn, han chd' blnh ludn, nha'c nhd mpt cdch qua lieu cu'c. Nhu vdy, mdi lara tang sif thda man trong cong vide, giup nhdn vidn cam thay hai Idng va cd dpng life de lam viec hdn.Q
TAI LIEU THAMKHAO
1. Nguyen Van Diera, Nguydn Ngpc Quan (2007). Gido trinh qudn tri nhdn luc, Nxb Dai hpc Kinh td'Quo'c ddn
2. Hodng Trpng, Chu Nguydn Mdng Ngoc (2008). Phdn tich dff lieu nghien cffu khoa hgc vdi SPSS, Nxb Hong DiJc
3. Btii Anh Tua'n (2009). Gido trinh hdnh vi td chffc, Nxb Dai hpe Kinh te Quoc dan 4. Tran Kim Dung, Nguydn Ngpc Lan V\ (2011). Thang do dpng vidn nhdn vien, Tap c/ii'P/,dr trien Kinb te, so 244, thang 2/2011
5. Pham Thi Minh Ly vd Dao Thanh Nguydt Nga (2015). Cac nhan to' tac dgng de'n dpng luc lam viec cua gidng vien dai hpc tai cdc tnfdng dai hoc tren dia ban Thanh phd'Ho Chi Minh Tao chi Kinh leva Phdt trien, so'223, 90-99 ' "^
6. Cao Thi Thanh. Tr^n Quang Hdhg (2018). Cdc nhan td anh hifdng de'n dpng life lam vide cQa ngifdi lao dpng tai trung tdm hua'n luyen va thi da'u thd' due the thao iinh Thanh Hda. Tgp chi Kho hgc vd Cong nghe, 46, 78-84
7. Frederick Herzberg (1959). The Motivation to Work, Harvard Business Review Classics New York
