Cac nhan td anh hiTclng den tao tfpng life lam viec cho giang vien tai cac tracing dai hoc ngoai cong lap tren dia ban Ha Noi
Phi Cilng Minh
TrtJSng Oai hoc Kmh doanh va Cong nghe Ha Npi So 29, ngo 124, pho Vinh Tuy, quan Hai Ba Tnlng, Ha Npi. Viet Nam Email: phicongminh@gmail com
TOM TAT: Bii viet phin tfch thue trang tao ddng luc cha giing vidn cd ^dut^i 13 trudng dai hge ngoii cdng lap tai thinh pho Ha Ndi. Thdng qua cic sd^ li$u thu thip dUdc tif 500 bing hoi, tic gii da so sanh va dinh gii cae yeu to tac ddng den ddng lUc lam vide cda giing vien thong qua die diem cdng viec, thu thip, mdi trudng lam vide vi sU thang tien de lam rd hdn sU khic biet^ cOa cic nhdm giing vidn phin theo tuoi, gidi tinh, thdi gian cdng tic, hgc vi. Td ket qua do, tac gia de xuat mdt sd giii phip hdu ich nham hUdng dSn nang cao hi$u qui tao dgng lUc lim vide cho giing vien cd hQu tai eic trudng dai hgc ngoii cdng lap tren dia ban Ha Ndi.
TlJ KHOA: fipng lilc giiing vien; gi^ng vien cd hau; tnlcing dai hpc ngoai cong lap.
-» Nh|n bai 18/7/2019 -> Nhan ket qua phan bien va chinh sila 22/8/2019 - • Duyet ilang 25/9/2019
1 . Dat v a n de
De Giao due (GD) dai hgc (DH) phat trien ben vijng, dao tao diroc nguon nhan luc co chat lugng cao, dap ung dugc nhu cau ciia xa hoi thi vai tro cua doi ngu giang vien trong cac trucmg DH la yeu to quyet dinh, GD DH la cong viec kho khan, co tinh hoc thuat cao nen rat can doi ngu giang vien phai vira "hong" va vira "chuyen". De dpi ngu giang vien vira "hong" vira "chuyen" dugc thi can tao ra dgng luc lam viec cho hg, cung nhu mgi nganh nghe khae trong xa hgi dat ket qua va chat luoiig cong viec cua m6i ca nhan ben canh viSc phu thugc vao kha nang thi con phu thuoc vao dgng luc lam viec. Giang vien DH la nguon nhan lire tri thiic cao, trinh do hieu biet ciia ho cao hon mgt so nghe nghiep khae trong xa hgi. Nen mirc do nhay cam va hi8u biet doi vai van de cong bang trong to chiic ciia hg cao hon so voi nhiing doi tugng lao dong khae. Hon bat ki mgt ngh6 nao khae, de thuc hien dugc trach nhiem to Ion eiia minh d6i vai xa hgi, giang vien can duge tao dgng lire de co ca hgi va dieu kien tot nhat, cong bang nhat de hg yen tam lam viec, yen tam cong hien cho xa hgi.
NhiSu nghien euu da chi ra rang, neu giang vien DH co dpng luc lam viec thap se dan toi su cang thang hon so vai nhirng nganh nghh khae. Dieu nay se dan den sir khong hai long hay bdt man trong cong viec va day chinh la nguyen nhan lam giam chit lugng giang day, lam giam su cam kit va yeu nghe eiia hg (Lens va Jesus, 1999).
Britzman, D. (1996) cho rSng, da so sinh vien (SV) se n6 lire hgc tap hem neu giang vien co dinh huong tot cho SV va dat su ki vgng vao hg. Giang vien eo nang lire kem se gay hau qua khong t6t d6i vai viec dao tao, dac biet la doi vai nhirng SV CO nang lire hge tap han che va kien thirc ea ban kem.
Do vay, dgi ngu giang vien co chat lugng cao, tam huyet vai Qgh^ nghiep se ia chia khoa md ra cac canh ciia thanh cong cho viec dao tao va thu hut SV ciia cac truang DH.
Tai Viet Nam, GD va dao tao luon dugc Dang va Nha nuac dac biet coi trgng, coi la "quoc sach hang dau, !a sir nghiep ciia Dang cua Nha nirac va cua toan dan. Dau tir cho GD la dau tu phat trien, dugic uu tien di truac trong cac chuang trinh, ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa h6i" [1].
Trong do, GD, dao tao DH co nhiem vu quan trong hang diu "dao tao nhan luc trinh do cao, b6i duang nhan tai".
Thuc tien phat trien GD ciia nuoc ta trong nhung nam qua cho thdy, GD DH ngoai cong lap (NCL) a Viet Nam da CO nhimg dong gop quan trong cho su nghiep phat trien GD noi chung ciia dat nuac. Tuy nhien, ben canh nhiing thanh tuu dat dugc, su phat trien ciia khu vuc GD NCL van dang gap phai nhiing han che. So SV theo hgc a khu vue nay hien nay van con chiem mgt ti le kha khiem ton (Nam 2015, chi chigm 13,26% trong t6ng s6 SV theo hgc ciia ca nuac). So sanh vai nhiing qu6c gia Chau A khae thi ti trgng nay la thip, ti trong trung binh cua cac quoc gia Chau A la khoang tren 60%, rieng a Indonesia la tren 95% va Dai Loan la 72% s6 SV theo hgc a cac truang DH NCL. Mot trong nhiing nguyen nhan din din tinh trang cac truang DH NCL chua thu hut dugc nhigu SV n^ra 6 yeu to giang vien. S6 lugng giang vien ca hiru cua cac truong DH NCL chiem ti trgng th4p, co truang chi dat 15% tren tong so giang vien va co nhirng giang vien dung ten 6 ba bon trucmg khae nhau [2]. Di6u nay da gay nhung anh huang tieu cue trong viec nang cao chdt luang giang day, dao tao ma rgng nganh nghS va thu hut SV cua cac truang DH NCL. Do vay, can tao ra dgng lue lam viec d6i vol giang vien cua eae trucmg DH, dac biet la eae truang DH NCL de dap ung dugc nhu cau dao tao thuc tiln ciia xa hgi. De tao dgng lire lam viee eho dgi ngu giang vien cac truong NCL hieu qua thi can phai co nhirng giai nhan gi? Day la eau hoi can duac dua ra thao luan „ t - .
- "."i ngtii^n ciiu va trien khai trong thuc tien.
104 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
2. Npi d u n g nghign cCtu 2.1. To ehu'c ngliien cfitJ, kh^o sat
Trong nghien cuu nay, chung toi sir dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu djnh tinh va dinh lugnog sau d6 thu thap s6 li?u:
- Phoffng phdp phong van sau: Chimg toi phong v§.n vai 10 giang vien ca hiru a 05 truang DH NCL tren dja ban Ha Ngi.
- Phirffng phdp phdt bang hoi: Chiing toi phat bang hoi d§n 500 giang vien co hiiu dang giang day tai tat ca 13 tnrcmg DH NCL tren dia ban Ha Ngi (chi bao gom cac tnrcmg c6 tru sa chinh dat tai Ha Ngi, khong bao gom cac c6 ySu t6 nuac ngoai). Bang hoi dugc thiet ke ehi danh cho giang vien co hiru, khong danh cho giang vien thinh giang, kiem giang, can bg cac phong ban. Bang hoi dugc thu thap ca biing hinh thiic online va bang each phat true tiep. Cac cau hoi thugc do luong cac khai niem dugc do bang thang do Likert voi miic do tang dan (1) Rat khong dong y vai nhan dinh va (5) Rat dong y vcri nhan dinh.
Chiing toi cung chia gia tri thanh 5 khoang tuong irng voi 5 miic dg tir thap den cao va be rgng moi khoang la 0.8 don vj (Gia tri khoang each = (5 -1 )/5). Cu the nhu sau: Khoang 1: (1,00 < Mean < 1.80); Khoang 2: (1.80 < Mean < 2.60);
Khoang 3: (2.60 < Mean < 3.40); Khoang 4: (3.40 < Mean
< 4.20); Khoang 5: (4.20 < Mean < 5.00).
2 . 2 . Ket qua khao sat 2 . 2 . 1 . Ve ffac ^ e m cong viec
Co 8 nhan dinh v^ dac diSm cong viSc giang day dugc dua ra, tuy nhien, giang vien chi d6ng thuan 6 miic thdp hoae giu y kien trung lap vai cac nhan dinh. Chenh lech diem trung binh cua nhan dinh cao nhdt va thlp nhdt kha dang ke. Trong khi nhan dinh Cong viec cho toi cd nhiiu ca hoi phdt trien ndng luc chuyen mon dat 3,84 - mire dfing y, thi nhan dinh Cong viec cho toi cd ca hgi tiep xuc v&i SVvd giiip hg ndng cao kien thicc lai it nhan dugc su dSng y han - 3,25 tuong ling voi mirc trung lap. Qua trao d6i, nhieu giang vien cho r5ng, mac dii hg tiip xiic voi SV kha nhieu nhung doi khi cac kien thiic cap nhat giang day bi mgt s6 quy dinh hen quan dSn chuong trinh bo bugc, anh huong nhat dinh den sir truyen tai ki6n thiic cho SV. Ngoai ra, giang vien dong y vai nhan dinh ve viec duoc chu dgng trong cong viec (3,41), Nhgn duac su nhgn xet ddnh gid kip th&i (3,61), Cong viec cd tdm quan trong v&i SVvdxa hgi (3,59) va Giup gidng vien ren luyen nhieu ki ndng (3,66).
Nhiing nhan dinh khong nhan dugc nhieu su dSng thuan ctia giang vien la nhan dinh ve cong viec thu vi, doi hoi su sang tao va phat trien cac moi quan he xa hgi (xem Bang 1).
B^ng 1 : Danh gia v6 cong viec
CV1:Tol CV2:C6ng CU3: Toi luon CV4:Cong CVS: Con j CV6:C6nB CV7:Cr luon Si/Oc vioc cua nhan tfifOc SU viec cua toi viec cua toi vice ctio toi vice Clio toi viec giup chilJpng teitllilvi nlii
trong vaffoilioi gia Itjp tflfii vc tamquan iuventticm L _ . . , . , . . _ . . . . , gia Itlp tlidi ve tam quan iuyen tliem cong viec cua trong K i u6i nMeu kf
mlnli SV va xa iioi nang
conliiSu c coligipliat t . . , trien nang SV va giiip moi q]
iiic cliuyen lip nang cao he xa h&i
Thii gian cong tic
liiii Cliung
DU1I1I nam 1-5 nam 5-10 nam
> 1 0 n a m CO nhan Thae SI Tien sT
<30 30-45 46-55 56-60
>60 3.41 3.29
3.40 3 39 3.55 3.27 3.40 3.67 3.74 3.09 3.55 4.43 4.59
3.36 3.25
3.34 3.41 3.34 3.25 3.34 3 54 3 59 3.14 3.00 4.71 4.24
3.61 3.75
3.65 3.52 3.66 3.67 3.57 3.68 3.72 3.49 3.55 4.14 4.06
3.59 3.71
3.60 3.54 3.64 3.63 3 61 3 56 3.72 3.52 3.20 4 43 3 88
3.66 3.63
3.66 3 63 3 73 3.54 3.67 3.75 3.77 3.47 3 60 4 50 4 44
3.84 3.83
3.76 3.87 3.95 3.76 3.82 4.04 3.85 3.73 3.79 4.71 4.59
3 25 2.95
3 34 3.27 315 3.36 3 30 317 3.72 2.91 317 4.09 4.13
3.29 3.04
3.33 3.32 3.24 3.47 3 31 3.19 3 63 3.04 3.39 4 09 3.56 Gill
lmh Nam
NS 3.66 3.17
3.52 3.24
3.69 3.62
3.64 3.63
3.82 3.58
3.95 3.78
3 30 3.28
3.35 3 30 (Ngudn • Tdng hop kh qua khao sat cua tac gia, 2019)
So 21 thing 9/2019 105
Nhirng nguoi c6 thai gian cong tac trong khoang tren 10 nam co nhieu su dong thuan hon trong cac danh gia v^ cong viee. Ti6n sT, nhiing nguoi tren 60 va/hoac duai 30, nam gioi thurong cung co miic dSng thuan cao hon so vai nhiing nhom doi tugng khae a cimg phan nhom. Nhirng nhom co sir dong thuan thap la nhom co thai gian cong tac tu 5-10 nam, la cir nhan, trong do tuoi tir 30-55 va la nH gioi.
2.2.2. Ve thu nhap
Thu nhap eiia giang vien dugc d u a ra vai cac danh gia v i su tucmg xting voi mirc dp hoan thanh cong viee, cong b§ng voi cac dong nghiep eung truong, truang khae va nganh nghe khae (xem Bang 2).
Danh gia ve thu nhap dugc nhieu dong thuan hem so voi danh gia vh cong viec. Diem trung binh cac nhan dinh ve thu nhap dugc dua ra nam trong khoang tir 3,51-3,94 - tucmg ling voi mirc dong y. Tong quat chung, giang vien cho rdng thu nhap hg nhan dugc ciing tuong ximg vcri cong viee, cong bang so vai cac dong nghiep khae a trong truang va ngoai truong, cung kha cong bang so vai cac nganh nghe khae. Tuy nhien, giCta luong va su tuong ximg vai cong viec, miic do dong y thap nhat...
Theo thoi gian cong tac, vol nhom giang vien da cong tae tai truang tir 5-10 nam eon khong thay tuong xiing (3,4 diem), nhom giang vien tren 10 nam thi chi dat tieu chuan han mgt chiit (3,48 diem), Cac nhom khae cung co cimg
danh gia - thu nhap chua that su tuong ximg vcri cong^ . la nhom co hgc vj thae sl, do tu6i n i 30-55 va nam giai.
2.2.3. Ve mol trUifng lam viec . , -.
Moi trudng lam viec d u g c xem xet a cac tieu chi ve quy cha quan li, e a sa vat chdt, moi truang su pham va su khuyen khich hoat dgng sang tao, nghien ciru khoa hge (xem Bang 3).
Moi truang lam viec dang dugc danh gia tot nhat^so vai cae nhom y i u t6 truac. DiSm trung binh cua cac nhan djnh ndm trong khoang rtr 3,81-3,99, ting voi miic dong y. Theo do, quy c h i quan H cua tru'ong/khoa da khoa hgc va hop Ii, CO sa vat chdt dam bao yeu chu day va hgc ciing yeu to su pham, dfing thai eiing k h u y i n khich hoat dgng sang tao va nghien euu khoa hgc trong giang vien.
Theo cac nhom d6i tugng, khong co tieu chi hay nhom nao CO danh gia a mirc trung lap (diem trung binh tir 2,61- 3,4). So sanh mgt each tucmg doi, nhom co thai gian cong tac duoi 1 nam, hgc vi tien sT, duoi 30 tuoi va nam giai co danh gia v i moi truong tot hon so vai nhiing doi tugng o ciing nhom tieu chi. Con nhiing n h o m co it su dong thuan hon la nhom cong tac tren 10 nam, d o tuoi tii' 56 - 60.
2.2.4. Vestr thang tien
Moi truang giang day tai cac tru'cmg D H N C L , theo nhieu quan diem, luon thiic day sir eanh trang cong bang dac biet
Bang 2: Danh gia ve thu nhap
Thu1. Thu nhap ma Thu2. Thu nhSp cua Thu3. Thu nhap cua Thu4. Thu nhap ciia toi nhan dUdc liidng toi ta cong bang so toi la cong bang so vofi toi la cong bang so vis xang v6l cdng vigc v6i cac Bong nghiep cdc g6ng nghiep 6 cac cac nganh nghe khae
^ .A: « u_i_ . . . i - , . ,.,.. .jjg truing khae
3.51 3.94 3.91
Thcii gian cong
C^ nhan Hgc vj Thae si
Do tudi
106 TAP CHl KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
4.05 4.03
(Nguon Tong hap ket qud khao sdt
'""tdcgid. 2019)
Bang 3: Banh gia ve moi trililiig lam viec
Chung
M T I . O u y c h e quan li cya TrUlng/Khoa la hgpli,l(hoahoc 3 99
MT2. CO s i vat chat Gia nha trtliing l a m bao yeu can day vahgc 3.90
MT3. Moi trucfng lam vice dam bao cac yeu \6 sir pham 3.91
MT4. Moi tnfcing lam vlec khuyen khich cac hoat long sang tao, nghien cilu khoa hoc 3.81
Tbcll gian cong tac
Olli tinli
Tren 60 Nam NO
3.88 3.94 3.99
3 53 3.92 3 92
3.71 3.93 3.91
3.71 3 87 3.74
(Ngudn: Tong hgp kit qud khdo sdt ciia tdc gid. 2019) Bang 4: flanh gia ve kh^ nang thang tien
Chung
T T I . Co hgi m c bd nhiem TT2. Viec bd nhiem TT3. Quy trinh bd n 4 . Quy trinh bd tai trUbng toi id nhu nitau can bd tai tmilng nhidm auoc cdng nhiem can bo dua l d i vdi nhimg ngudi cd dua tren nang luc khai, minh bach tren nhiing Ihdng tir nang [tic tUdng lUOng Ghinh xdc
3.72 3.79 3 74 3.51
Thdi gian cdng tac
Hpcvj
> 1 0 nam Cil nhan Thae si Tien si
3.56 3.77 3.68 3.74
3.63 3.89 3.76 3.70
3.65 3.90 3.74 3.63
3.37 3.65 3.51 3.44
Gidi tlnh
Tren 60 Nam NS
3.76 3.69 3.76
3.94 3.73 3.86
3 82 3 75 3.74
3.71 3.52 3 50
(Ngudn: Tdng hap kit qud khdo sdt ciia tdc gid, 2019) So 21 thang 9/2019 107
la van de thang tien hon so vai khu vue cong (xem Bang 4).
Kha nang thang tign bi danh gia chi a miic du d6ng y, digm trung binh tir 3,51 dSn 3,79. Quy trinh b6 nhiem can bg dua tren thong tin chmh xae bi danh gia thdp nhkt va tieu chi vk viec dua tren nang luc dugc sy d6ng thuan cao nhdt.
Nhom CO thai gian cong tac tren 10 nam, cac thae sT, do tu6i tir 30 - 45. Nhung nhom co su dong thuan cao hay danh gia ve kha nang thang tien tot nhat la nhom co thoi gian cong tac duoi 1 nam tai truang, la cac cu nhan va do tu6i tir 55 - 60. Theo gioi tinh, nam giai danh gia thap bon vl ca hgi b6 nhiem va danh gia dua tren nang lire trong khi nir giai danh gia quy trinh bo nhiem thap hon.
2.3. Giai phap tao dong li^c lam viec cho giang vien cac trifdng ffal hoc ngoai cong lap tren dja ban Ha Noi
2.3.1. Cac giai phap ve tai chinh (tien iUdng, thildng, phuc Idl) Muc tieu chinh ciia cac bien phap ve tai chinh la nham nang cao thu nhap cho giang vien, dap img nhirng nhu eau CO ban eua giang vien de hg yen tam cong tac va tap trung vao eong viec. De thue hien dugc cac giai phap lien quan dSn tiln luong, thuong, phiic Igi, viec can doi thu chi hgp li la dieu kien tien quyet de cac truong DH NCL co kha nang thuc hien cac giai phap nay, Mae dii co dp luc ve thu ehi nhung ve co ban, cac truong DH NCL it nhieu co Igi the hon ve chinh sach luong, thuang cho nguoi lao dgng, it bj han che boi nhUng quy dinh ve eong chuc nha nuoc 6 truang DH cong lap. Hien nay, thii lao cua cac truang DH NCL a nuoc ta deu dang ap dung miic lucmg co ban cao hon quy djnh eiia nha nuac khoang tir 1,5 den 2 lan (Nguyen Dice Thao, 2017). Tuy nhien, xu the tir chu o cac truong cong dang ngay cang manh me vi vay Igi the ve su linh hoat trong chinh saeh tien luong, thuang a cae trucmg DH NCL se khong con ro net.
Viec thue hien luong, thudng theo kieu ngang bang, nghTa la giang vien dii co thanh tieh tot hay khong t6t, muc do hoan thanh cong viee den dau thi mue luong hoae thuang (Vao djp le, let hay ket thuc hgc ki, nam hgc) lai tuong duong vai nhiJng giang vien khae thi se tao nen tam li khong t6t, khien giang vien giam dgng luc lam viee. Thuc tl trong nghien ciiu, giang vien ciing eho rang, thu nhap ma hg nhan duge chi tam chap nhan dugc so voi cong viec ma hg da hoan thanh. Mgt trong nhUng li do lien quan den viec hg phai lam them kha nhieu cong viec ngoai chuyen mon va miic luang thudng chua eo nhieu phan biet va danh gia tren hieu suit cong viec dugc giao. Cac truang nen xem xet lai VS mirc luang, thudng eua minh hoae thue hien xet nang luang trudc han theo hgp ddng lao dgng hoae quy dinh cua nha trudng cho cac giang vien noi chung doi vdi nhung ngudi CO thanh tich noi bat hoae lien tue dat thanli tich tot trong cong viec; Thuc hien khien trach true tiep vao luang, thudng vdi nhiing ngudi chua hoan thanh nhiem vu. He thdng chi tieu danh gia giang vien la can thiet de thuc hien t6t viec dua ra quylt dinh khen hay che nay.
Nha trudng cSn phd biln va giai thich ro cho giang vien vl quy che tra luang dang dugc ap dung, each thiic tinh toan luong va thudng cho viec hoan thanh cac noi dung
108 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO OUC VIET NAM
cong viec de giang vien hieu ro va cd danh gia ^ vdi su cong bang khi so sanh vdi thu nhap cua nhung ng i Idiac trong trudng. . _ , ,
Ngoai trir viec khen thudng true tilp bang tien mat, nha trudng cd thi da dang hoa cac hinh thiic khen thuong nhu thudng nghi phep giua ki, thudng ngay khi hoan thanh viec danh gia thay vi chi thudng vao dip \l TSt; Trao bang khen cho cac thanh vien cd thanh tich xudt sac trong cac hoat ddng nghien cim ehuyen mon nhu nghien ciiu khoa hgc, ddi mdi phuong phap day hgc, sang kien cdng nghe img dyng vao hgc tap hoae doanh nghiep.Thdigian xet thudng cijng la dilm cdn luu y. Viec xet thudng cSn phai kip thdi, diing noi, diing liic dl giang vien cam nhan dugc gia tri ddng gdp trong cdng viec vit su quan tam ciia nha truang ddi vdi viec hg hoan thanh. Chl do phiic Igi cua cac hudng cdn dugc thuc hien nghiem tiic va edng khai. Tiiy thdi ki va kha nang ciia nha trudng ma cae trudng cd the bo sung them cac chinh sac phiic Igi khae nhau cho giang vien, nhan vien cua minh nhu nang cac mirc chi cho cac hoat dgng, thudng vao dip ll. Tit, trg cdp cho GD,... Cac khoan chi cua timg loai phiic lai can dugc quy djnh cu the, cong khai vdi giang vien.
2.3.2. Ve thang tien
Cac trudng DH can quan tam xay dung va thuc hi&n nghiem tiic quy trinh bo nhiem can bg quan li cap khoa/bg mon bdi nang luc chuyen mdn va pham chat dao diic ciia ngudi lanh dao true tiep nay se quyet dinh den su cdng bang trong thai do doi xii' va cong bang trong vi6c ban hanh hay thue thi cac quyet dinh cua hg. Dieu nay it nhieu se tac dgng den dgng luc lam viec ciia giang vien.
Cac nha trudng cSn cd chinh saeh ghi nhan kip thdi thanh tich ciia giang vien nhu: Tuyen duong, vinh danh, khen thudng... doi vdi cac thanh tich tot trong viec giang day, hgc tap hay nghien ciiu cua giang vien. Tren thuc te hien nay, cac trudng NCL deu da thuc hien nhirng chinh sach nay nhung hieu qua dgng vien kich thieh ehua cao. Li do la vi cae nha trirdng vin thuc hien khen thudng theo dinh ki (theo hgc ki hoae theo nam) va khong dugc to chirc trang trgng.
Mgt viec quan trgng trong thuc hien chinh sach thang tiln la danh gia giang vien. Sir cong nhan va phan hdi tir cac dfii tugng la dgng luc quan trgng ddi vdi giang vien. Kit qua danh gia co thi coi la mgt phuang tien dl sir dung trong viec khuyen khich, hudng din giang vien trau d^i chuyen mon. Nhung giang vien c6 thanh tieh xudt sSc duoc danh gia hoan thanh tdt cdng viec la co sd dl ngudi lanh dao dua vao dien quy hoaeh, de bat vao nhirng vi tri cao hon, giao nhimg cong viec kho hon hoae co tinh thir thach ban Dilu nay eung se tao co hgi cho giang vien phat triln ban' than.
Vai nhung giang vien khong hoae chua hoan thanh cdng viec hgp h. CO dau hieu lap di iap lai, nha trudng eo thi thuyen chuyen sang mgt vi tri khae phii hop hon hoae tiln hanh dao tao them, tham chi thuc hien xu6ng chii k' * nlu khong dat yeu cdu trong mgt thai gian nhdt dmh' C^^
trudng DH trong dd ed cac trudng DH NCL Ar, i ""- '
" " " ^ y trong
viec hoan thien quy trinh danh gia giang vien. He thdng cac tieu chl danh g i i va quy trinh cdn cd su minh bach, dam bao tinh khoa hgc, danh gia diing v l giang vien.
2.3.3. Ve moi tri/dng l^m viec
Cac nha trudng cdn nhanh chong tao ra cac d i l u kien lam vi?c t6t nhdt cho giang viSn. Cac dieu kien nay giiip giang vien CO sy thoai mai va thuin tien khi lam viec tai trudng.
Hien nay, da sd cac trudng D H N C L ciia n u d c ta deu da cd cd so vat chat dugc xay dung khang trang, rdng rai nhu: D H Thang Long, D H Kinh doanh va Cdng nghe, D H F P T . . . . Chi con sd it cac trudng N C L nhd va thanh lap m u d n la chira thi xay dung c o sd cho rieng minh.Tuy nhien, cac tnrdng dS co ca sd v l t chat tot ciing can quan tam, xem xet thirc hien mgt so cdng viec sau:
- Xay dung va thi6t ke cac phdng hgc theo tieu chuan dong bg ve trang thiet hi day va hgc. Phdng hgc nen day du bang viet phan hoae but, may chieu, man chieu, may tinh, h? thong am thanh, ban ghe, cd bang dien tir cd kha nang ket noi may chieu, may tinh va tuong tac true tiep dugc de giang vien cung cap nhieu hon cac dan chung, cac vi du trirc quan, sinh dgng ban tdi ngudi hgc.
- Tap trung dau tu cho thu vien, hgc lieu de hd trg giang vien, SV trong viec tim kiem tai lieu cung n h u tao khdng gian lam viec, hgc tap hieu qua ngoai ldp hgc. Thu vien can rong rai, yen tinh, da dang ve danh m u c sach, tai lieu, va sap xep khoa hgc ket hgp vdi cong cu tim kiem thuan tien.
Cac tmdng can xay dung thu vien dien tir de tang Igi ich
cho S V v a giang vien.
- Tao ra cac phong hgi thao, phdng tu dgc, phdng t u h o c . . . , de giang vien cd khdng gian lam viec, trao ddi vdi nhau va trao doi, hudng dan SV.
- Xay dung hoae tao khong gian vui choi giai chi cho giang vien, SV nhu: San bong da, bdng chuyin, bdng r6, b l boi, b d n g ban, ca phe, vudn hoa, phdng gym, yoga..., nhdm nang cao the chdt va tinh thdn cho giang vien.
- Dau tu xay d u n g nha an va dam bao cac dilu kien v l ve sinh an toan thuc pham cho can bg, cong nhan vien, giang vien va SV nha trudng. Ngoiti ra, nen co khong gian d l giang vien nghi ngai budi t r u a . . .
3. Ket luan
Tao dgng luc lam viee cho giang vien la van d l can dugc quan tam thudng xuyen tai cac trudng DH noi chung va DH N C L ndi rieng. Cac yeu td chinh anh hudng den thuc trang tao ddng lire cho giang vien co huu tai cac trudng DH NCL gom dac diem cong viec, thu nhap, mdi trudng lam vific, su thang tien va m u c do anh hudng ciia cac y l u td nay ddi vdi timg nhdm giang vien phan theo do tuoi, trinh do, gidi tinh cd khae biet. Tir nhiing ket qua nghien ciiu tren, chting tdi de cap den cac n h d m giai phap sau: Giai phap ve tai chinh, cai thien mdi trudng lam viec, tao e o hgi thang tien, tao CO hgi va cam thong vdi giang viSn tre... hudng den viec hoan thien cac chinh sach tao ddng lire cho giang vien d cac trudng D H NCL.
Tki lieu tham khao
[1] Nghi quylt s6 29/2013/NQ - TW ciia Ban Chdp hanh Trung uong khoa XI ve Doi m&i cdn bdn, todn dien gido due vd dao tgo, ddp ung yeu cdu cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa trong dieu kien kinh le thi trudng dinh hudng xd hdi chil nghia vd hgi nhgp qudc li.
[2] Nguyin Khanh Tudng, (2016), Ban ve gido due vd ddo tao bdc Dgi hgc, Cao ddng ngodi cong lap d nudc ta.
Thong tin va Dy bao kinh t l xa hoi, tr 63.
[3] Britzman, D, (1996), Towards a polymorphous perverse curriculum. The Review of Education/Pedagogy/Cultural
Studies 18(1) 1-13. Repnnted in Education and Cultural Studies: Toward a Performative Practice. Eds. H, Giroux
& R Shannon, pp. 89-102. NY: Routledge, (1997).
Lens, W., & Jesus, S. N. D, (1999), A psychosocial interpretation of teacher stress and burnout.
In R.Vandenburghe & A. M. Huberman (Eds.), Understanding and preventing teacher stress. A sourcebook ofintemational research and practice, pp. 192- 202, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Press.
A STUDY OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING WORKING MOTIVATION FOR LECTURERS AT 13 PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN HANOI, VIETNAM
Ptii Cong Minh
Hanoi University ot Business and Technology N0.29A, Gate 124, Vmh Tuy street, Hai Ba Tmrg distnct, Hanoi, Vietnam Email: phicorgminli@gmail com
ABSTRACT: The paper analyzes the current status of motivation factors of permanent lecturers at 13 private universities in Hanoi, Vietnam. Through the data collected from 500 questionnaires, the author has compared and assessed the factors affecting teachers' work motivation such as job characteristics, working environment, and promotion to better clarify the differences of groups ef lecturers by age, gender, working experience, and degree. On the basis ef that result, the author proposes a number of useful solutions to increase motivation for university teachers at private universities in Hanoi.
KEYWORDS: Motivation; permanent lecturers; private university.
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