KHOA HOC CONG N o n e
IVGHIEIM CLTU TRlCH LY HOP CHAT IViAU V A DAfVH iiiA DO BEIV M A U CUA DfCH TRICH LY T U G 6 V A I V G
{Caesalpinia map pan, L)
Nguyen Thi Anh Dao', H o ^ Nguyfin Tnic Unh', Nguyen M? H ^ ' , Dinh Nguyen Song Toan', Hodng Quang Binh', Le Trung Thien'
T O M T A T
Mau tu nhien ngay cang diroc quan tam va img dung nhieu trong ch^ bien thirc pham, d.1c bi?l la pho mau vang den do boi chiing khong chi kich thich sir them an ma con gop phan nang cao gia tn cani quan cho san pham, Tuy nhien, hop chat mau duoc Uich tu thuc vat rit kem b^n 6 cac dieu ki^n xir ly nhiet va dieu kien moi truimg. Mot trong nhung nguyen lieu co the trich ly pho mau Iren la g6 vang {Caesalpinia sappan).
Hien nay, chira co nghien cihi nao cu the ve tnch ly hop chat mau ciing nhu danh gia dp ben mau ciia loai nguyen lieu gfl vang. Muc lieu cua nghien cmi la xac dinh di^u ki^n bich ly thich hgp va su b^n mau ciia g6 vang. Nguyen lieu diroc trich ly bang dung moi ethanol tai cac nong do khac nhau: 0%. 25%, 50*, 75* va 99.5%; Uich ly tai cac muc nhiel do' nhiet do phong (29 ± 1"C). 40''C. 60"C, 80^0 va 100"C va Uich Iy trong cac miic thoi gian: tir 30 phut den 240 phiit voi do bie-n thien la 30 phiit Nhiet do va pH dum- sir dung lam y^u to de danh gia do ben mau ciia dicb trich ly tu go vang. Cac miic nhi&l do 70"C va 90"C dinx" sir dung cho y^u td nhi^t do xir ly nhiet trong 90 phut (do bien thi^n 15 phiil). Nalri hydrophotphat (NaHPOJ va natn dihydrophotphal (Na.HPO;) duoc sii dung lam dung dich d?mcho pH moi truong tir 3.0 den 9.0 voi do bien thien 0,5 don vi. Kdt qua cac dieu kien trich ly mau tir nguyen lieu g6 vang cho thay sir dung dung moi ethanol 50", nhiet do trich 100"C/90 phiit Irong thoi gian Inch ly 90 phiit cho do hap thu (Abs) ciia dich trich ly CO gia tn cao. Dich trich ly co mau vang 6 dieu kien pH tu 3,0 tien 6,5. trung klu cac dich trich ir pH
> 7,0 cho mau do nhat den do dam. Dich mau kha ben sau khi xu ly a nhiet do 70'C va 90'C.
Tir kh6a: Do ben mau, mau do. mau tu nhien. go vang. trich ly.
1 . DAT VAN BE
Trong nganh che bien thuc pham, viec sir dung phu gia tao mau la rat pho biSn, chung duoc them vao thuc pham de thay the cho mau sac tu nhien hi iiiEit di trong qua trinh san xu^t va hao quan cung nhu gop phan cai thien gia tri cam quan cho thuc pham. Pham mau nhan tao tro nen thu hut voi nganh c6ng nghiep thuc pham kh6ng chi boi gia thanh re, mau sic tuoi dep ma con co do ben mau cao hon nhimg pham mau chiet xuEtt tir tu nhien. Tuy nhien, de gay tigo dpc va mang nhieu tac hai tieu cue cho sue khoe con nguoi neu bi lam dung hoac dimg loai khong ro nguon goc.
Do nhung mat trai ciia pham mau nhan tao. chat mau hr nhien dang duoc xem la nguon thay the huu hieu. Vi vay, viec nghien cuu trich Iy chat mau hj nhien va phat trien chiing thanh cac san pham
' Khoj Cong nghe Thirc pham. Tnrong Dai hoc N6ng Lam TP. HCM
Email, [email protected],vn
122 N O N G NGHIEP V A P h - ^
thuong mai se la mot huong di chien luge va diy tnen vpng cho nganh c6ng nghiep thuc pham trong tuong lai. Viet Nam la nuoc co uem nang Ion ve nhom cay nhuom mau voi tren 200 loai, trong d6 co g6 vang (To moc, Caesalpinia sappari). 0 Viet Nam, vao cac dip Ie truyen thong, go vang la nguyen heu quen thuoc diing de nhuom mau nau xoi do (xoi vang) b tinh Quang Nam, thay the cho mau qua gac {Momordica cochinchinensis). Trong y hoc, go vang cung duoc biet den voi nhieu cong dung, nhu: chong viem (Washiyama, 2fX)9), chong ung thu (Efferth va cong su, 2008), giam dau (Hemaiatha, 2007) va phong ngira benh tieu duong (Yang, 2000).
Nghien cuu nay nhSm muc dich ban dau la danh gia anh huong cua cac yeu to (nong do dung m6i, nhiel do va thoi gian h-ich ly) den qua trinh trich Iy va sau do danh gia do ben mau ciJa dich trich ly trong xu h nhiet do va pH khac biet (nh"t dp va pH ap dung thong thuong trong che bien th p h i n ) .
' 2 / 2 0 2 0
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
t VAT UBJ VA PHUONG PHAP N O H CUU 2.1. Nguyen li^u
G6 vang dupc thu mua tai tinh Quang Nam la nhiing niieng g6 nho dai khoang 5-10 cm da nia sach va phoi kh6. G6 vang dupc cat nho, ray qua sang co kich thuoc duong kinh 16 0,5 mm. Sau d6 nguyen li^u duoc bo vao bao PE, bao quan trong dieu kien kh6 rao va thoang mat
2.2. Phuang phip trich ly
Cho 0,25 g nguyen lieu da xay nhu phin 2.1 va 10 ml dung m6i vao dng nghiem thiiy tinh co ndp (ty le nguyen heu/dung m6i 1/40), hon hgp se duoc tien hanh thch ly dpng bang may vortex. Sau khi trich Iy, tien hanh Ipc dich trich qua giay Ipc dinh tinh 102, duong kinh 16 Ipc 90 mm de loai bo phan can min.
Dich ti-ich Iy thu dupc dung trong 6ng nghiem bpc gi^y nhom xung quanh de tranh anh sang true tiep, anh huong den mau ciia dich trich ly. Dich sau khi trich ly va Ipc dem di pha loang va phan tich bang may do quang pho va lien hanh cac nghien ciiu khao sat.
2.3. Cic thi nghiem
Quy trinh trich Iy duoc thuc hien nhu ph4n 2.2 de chon duoc cac dieu kien trich ly phii hpi) (nong dp dung moi, thoi gian ti-ich ly, nhiet dp hich ly) va danh gia do ben mau ctia dich trich Iy (anh huong ciia pH den bien doi phd mau va anh huong ciia xii Ii nhiel den do ben mau cua pho mau). Nghien cuu anh huong dugc Ihuc hien voi cac yeu to bien doi sau:
Anh hudng ndng dp etiianot 0, 25, 50, 75 va 99,5
(%).
Anh hirong cua nhi6t dp tiich ly: nhiet do phong (29±1''C),40,60.80,100"C.
Anh hirdng ciia thoi gian tiich Iy: 30 phiit den 240 phiit, voi dp bien thien 30 phut.
Sir bien ddi mdu d cdc gid tii pH khac nhau:
khao sat pH tir 3.0 den 9,0 voi dp bien thien 0.5.
Do bSn mdu cua dich chiet trong qud tiinh xuly nhiebduoc thuc hien o' nhiet dp 70°C va 90X.
2.4. Phuong phap phSn tich
2.4.1. Day quang phd hap thu duoc xac dinh bdng may do quang phd UV- VIS
Phuong phap nay dira tren viec do cuong dp dong anh sang bi chat mau hap thu chpn loc. Chat niau hap thu cue dai o X„^^ va chi o' \,^^^ moi co su
tuyen tinh giiia A,„^.^ - C, va do thi A,„,^ - C, la mpt duong thang. khi do mat do quang la cue dgi. Tien hanh cho dich chiet vao khoang hon 2/3 ong cuwet thuy tinh. thuc hien do do hap thu trong vimg anh sang kha kien tren may quang pho UV - \'iS. ket qua do CO dp hap tliu cue dai A^,^ voi L,,,^^ (nni).
2.4.2 Xuly va thdng ke sdlieu
Xu \y va th6ng ke so lieu thu tliap duoc bang phuong phap thong ke ANOVA. So heu dupc tinh toan th6ng ke hang phan mem Excel 2010. Phan tich phuong sai va so sanh cac gia tri bTing binh 6 miic y nghia a = 0.5% bang phdn mem JMP 10. So heu sau tinh toan deu duoc lam tron loi chii s6 thap phan thu 2.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LOAN
3.1. Anh hirong aia n6ng dO ethanol d^n dO hip thu (Abs) ciia dich trich ly
0 25 50 75 99.5 N o n g d o e t h a n o l ( % ) Hinh 1. Anh huong cua n6ng dO etiianol d^n dO hip
thu cua dich trich tai budc s6ng 446 nm Ghi chii: Cdc cot trSn cimg dd thi khong co cimg ky tu thi khac biet co y nghia vdi dp tin cay 95%. Cdc sai sd the hien tien so dd hinh cot Id gid tri trung binh ± dp lech chuan.
Ke't qua a hinh 1 cho thay, trong cung mot dieu kien khao sat ndng d6 dung m6i ethanol co anh hudng den mau sSc, buoc sdng hap thu cue dai va do hap thu Abs ctia dich trich ly (p < 0,05). Gia tri Abs cua dung dich sau trich ly tang tuyen tinh ciing voi su gia tang ndng dp ethanol trong dung moi. Khi dung moi trich ly la nude thi gia tn Abs thu dugc rat thap 0,148; khi ndng dp dung moi ethanol tang len tir 50% - 75% thi gia tri Abs ciia dich trich ly tang Ion tir 0,716-0,719. Tuy nhien khi ndng do nay tang len den 99,5% thi gia tri Abs ciia djeh trich lai cd xu hudng giam tir 0.719 xudng cdn 0,457. Nguyen nhan la a nidi ndng dp dung moi khac nhau deu cd miic dp phan arc khac nhau, nen anh hudng den do hoa tan cac chat mau ctia go vang vao dung m6i trich ly. Do
- u i c D WA PHAT TPIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020 123
KHOA HOC CC.
do khi dugc mch ty trong dung m6i ethanol cd ndng dp thich hpp thi hieu qua trich Iy hop chat mau se dugc cai thien. M vay ndng dp dung moi ethanol 50%
dugc lua chpn lam th6ng s6 cd dmh cho thi nghiem tiep theo.
3.2. Nghien cmi anh huong ciia nhiet dp va thoi gian d^n qua trinh trich ly
3.2.1. Anh hudng cua nhiet dp
< 1
• ^ 0.8
•B 0.6
« f 0 4 1Z- 0 2 0
XhiC*t 4 0 r.O 8 0 1 0 0 d o
P h o n g
NhiC't d o t r i c h l y ( ° C ) Hinh 2. Anh hirong ciia nhiet d6 trich ly d^n dO hjip
thu ctia dich trich tai birdc sdng 446 nm Ghi chii: Cac cot tren cung dd tlii khong co cung ky tu thi Ididc biet co y nghia vdi dp tin cay 95%. Cac sai so the hien tien so do huih cot la gia tri tnmg binh ± d6 lech chudn.
Hinh 2 cho thay d' nhiet do phong (29±rC).
4 0 T , 60X, SOX, lOOX cho dich tinch co d6 hap thu la khac nhau ve thdng ke d muc y nghia 5%. Khi nhiet dp cang tang thi gia hi Abs cung tang va dat gia tri cao nhat b nhiet do lOOX; gia tri Abs tuong iing lan lupt la: 0,(i23 - 0.691 - 0.715 - 0,800 va 1.121. Didu nay cho thay b gb vang nhiet dp trich Iy cang cao se cho ra mau cang dam vi nhiet dp cao lam cho nguyen heu truong nd, tang tinh tham mang te bao, do d6 de loi keo cac chat mau de dang hon, tang do hda tan ctia chat mau vao dung ni6i, phan cat va bien doi cac sac 16 mau. Vi vay. nhiet do dupc lira chpn de trich ly mau tirgd vang thich hop la lOOX.
3.2.2. Anh hudng ciia thdi gian
Ket qua d hmh 3 cho tha'y thdi gian trich h" cd anh hudng den mau sac. buot: sdng hap thu cue dai va dp hap tliu Abs ciia dich trich ly (p < 0,05). Do hap thu anh sang ciia dung dich sau khi trich Iy tang tuyen tmh cimg voi su gia tang thdi gian trich iy trong khoang thdi gian 30 phiit den 90 phiit va co su khac biet ve thdng ke (p<0.05), d6 hap thu ghi nhan duoc lan lupl la 0.41 - 0.46. Tiep tuc tang thdi gian trich ly len den 240 phtit, da ghi nhan dugc su dn
dinh ve dp hap thu. Dieu na>' cho thay nuig a klioang thoi gian 30 phtit trich ty ban dau. thanh phan tao mau (brazilin) trong nguyen heu gd vang chua dugc khuech tan het ra ben ngoai dung moi, \i vay tdi khoang thoi gian 90 phtit thi site to mau U-ong nguyen lieu gSn nhu duoc hich ra het. Tuy nhien neu trich thdi gian qua dai so din den mot sd hoat chat se bi bien ddi kh6ng mong mudn vao dung dich. Vi vay de giup tiet kiem chi phi. nang luong, tlidi gian tiich ly 90 phtit duoc lira chpn la thiri gian tliich hgp cho qua trinh trich ly mau tir gd vang.
J
0.7
3 0 5
t 04 -
0..•s. 0.2
^ 0.1 0
.^0 f>0 90 120 150 ISO210240 I h(ri giim trich ly (phiit) Hinh 3. Anh hudng ctia thdi gian trich ly d^n dO h^p
thu ciia dich trich tai budrc sdng 446 nm Ghi chu: Cdc cot tien cung do thi khong co cung k} • tu thi kliac biet co y nghia vdi dp tin cay 95%. Cdc sai sd the hien tien so dd hinh cot Id gia tii tnmg binh ± do lech chuan.
3.3. Su bi^n d6i m^u o cac gii tri d^m pH khde c
i •f
*
^ 1ab
1
a I
I
nhau
124 NONG NGHIEP VA ?Hn ™
Hinh 4. Anh hirong cua cic gii tri pH d& d^ hap thu (Abs) cua dich trich tai cic buoc song tit ssn
dfc 700 nm
Ket qua hinh 4 va 5 cho thay, o miic do pH lii •> Q den 6,5 dich trich ly CO mau vang, gia ij-, pH tu 7 Q " i len Ihi dich trich ly co mau do nhat dt-n do dam D b trich ly tai pH- 8,5 thi cd gia Iri Abs cao nhal tai b song 531nm va co mau do dam nhat Tang do H "-"^
ra su mat cau true cua brazilin. dan dm t,. ^^ ^*^
"' ^^ men ddi IPM NONG THON - KY U 2 - THANG 2/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
cau tnic thanh brazilein (Smsawasdi, 2012). Ket qua tuong hi cung dugc Rina va cong su (2017) chi ra ring, mau dugc chiet xuat hr gd vang the hien mau do khi them vao thuc udng cd ga (pH 9,0) va man vang khi them vao nude cam (pH 3,0). Cac ket qua tren chung minh rang dich trich ly gd vang bien doi mau sac khi thay doi pH.
Hinh 5. Sir bi^n doi m^u s^c dich trich b cAc gid tri pH khic nhau (pH dem tir 3 d^n 9 vdi budc nhay 0,5)
3.4. Do b6n mau ciia dich chi^t trong qua trinh xttlinhi^t
luVi ai-An ( l>but\
Hinh 6. Sir bi^n doi miu theo thdi gian d^n d6 h^p thu cua dich trich tai budc sdng 446 nm dudi su b^n
nhi^t a nhiet dp 70°C va 90°C Ket qua b hmh 6 cho thay nhiet dp anh hudng den gia tii Abs ciia dich bich ly gd vang. Khi tien hanh khao sat d- muc nhiet do 70X va 90X, thdi gian xir ly tir 0 phiit den 90 phiit, thi gia tri Abs co xu huong tang (0.440 - 0.462 va 0,421 - 0.517). Nhu vay cho thay rang hpp chat tao mau trong dich trich tir gd vang thi kha ben vdi nhiet. Dieu nay cd the do nhiet dp cao cjiu tnic ciia sac td mau bi bien ddi vi th^ mau cang dam khi gia nhiet b nhiet dp cao. Ket qua thi nghiem nay cdn cho thay dp ben cua dich mau dudi tac dong cua nhiet dp theo thoi gian la luong ddi tdt. Do vay, tiem nang img dung mau ttr nhien tii nguyen lieu nay vao frong cong nghiep san xuat thuc pham la rat Ion, dac biet ddi voi cac qua hinh che bien cd xu ly gia nhiet.
4.KETlliAnVAKeiniGlfl 4.1. K^t luan
Ket qua nghien cuu da cho thay cac dieu kien phii hop de trich Iy hop chat mau tir go vang, cu the la ndng dp dung m6i ethanol 50%, nhiet dp 100"C va thoi gian la 90 phut. Dich hich ly cd mau vang d dieu kien pH tir 3,0 den 6,5, trong khi cac dich trich d- pH
> 7,0 cho mau dd nhat den dd dam. Dich mau kha ben sau khi xti Iy nhiet b 70"C va 90"C. Hpp chat mau tir g6 vang co tlid thay thd chat mau nhan tao va ung dung mau dd trong cac san pham thuc pham cd gia tri pH cao.
4.2. Ki^n nghi
De ung dung trong thuc pham can nghien ci'nj them ve gia bi cam quan va tuong tac vol cac thanh phan khac. Day la dinh hudng cd the nghien cthi trong tuong Iai.
TAI UBJ THAM KHAO
1. Efferth T, Kah S, Paulus K. Adams M, Rauh R, Boechzelt H. Hao X, Kaina B, Bauer R., 2008.
Phytochemistry and pharmacogenomlcs of natiiral products derived torn tiaditional Chinese medicine and Chinese materia medica with activity against tumor cells. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 7(1);152-161.
2. Hemaiatha K, Kiran AS, Bannappa U, Satyanarayana D., 2007. Analgesic activity of Caesalpirna sappan heartwood. Pharmaceutical Biology 45(5)1360-362.
3. Rma, O.. et al, 2017. "Stabilities natural colorant of sappan woAbs {Caesalpinia sappan L.) for foAbs and beverages in vanous pH, temperature, and matrices of ioAhs." Int J ChemTech /?esl0 (2017):
98-103.
4. Rondao, Raquel, el al, 2013. "BrazilwoAbs reds: the (photo) chemistry of brazdin and brazilem." The Journal of Physical Chemistry AWl.Al (2013): 10650-10660.
5. Smsawasdi. VALEERATANA KALANI (2012).
Sappan woodAbs water extract Evaluation of color properties, functional properties, and toxicity. Diss.
PhD dissertation. Gamesville, FL: Department of FoAbs Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, 2012.
6. Washiyama M, Sasaki Y, Hosokawa T.
Nagumo S., 2009. Anti-inEammalory Constituents of
^mrM M A M Q THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020 125
KHOA HOC CONG n u n i :
Sappan Lgnum. Biol. Pharm. BuU 32aoumal dose sQ-eptozotocm (MLD-STZ) induced type I Article) :941-944. diabetic mice. Archives of Phannacal Research
7. Yang KM, Jeon SD, So DS. Moon CK., 2000. 23(6):626-632.
Brazihn augments cellular immunity in multiple low
EXTRACTION AND EVALUATION OF COLOR STABIUTY OFTHE EXTRACTT FROM SAPPAN WOOD (Caesalpinia sappan. L)
Nguyen Thi Anh Dao'. Hoang Nguyen True iJnh^ Nguyen My Hanh , Dinh Nguyen Song ToanS Hoang Quang Bmh^ Le Trung Tliien^
'Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Nong Lani University Ho ChiMmhcitt' Emaik Ie. [email protected]. vn Summaiy
Natural colors are increasingly concerned and applied in food processing, especially yellow to red spectrum because they do not only stimulate appetite but also contnbute to improve the sensoiy value of the product However, naturally available color is highly unslabie. Sappan wood {Caesalpinia sappan. L) is a plant which can be used to exUact that color spectrum. This material has not been widely studied for extiacUon as weU as for evaluaUon of stabibty of the extracted color. The objecUve of this research study is to detennine the appropnated condition for exUaction and stable color extract from Sappan wood. Samples are extracted in different concentraUon of ethanol (0%. 25%, 50%. 75% and 99.5%), varied range of temperature (room temperature (29±rC), 40"C, 60"C, 80"C and lOOT) and varied range of exU^ction Ume (from 30 minutes to 240 minutes witli the difference of 30 mmutes). Temperature and pH are the factors for color stability evaluaUon. The range of temperature is from 70"C and gO^C, for 15 minutes to 90 minutes with the difference of 15 minutes, respectively. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2P04) and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HP04) are used to stable pH value from 3.0 to 9,0 with the difference of 0.5 units. As die result, the extract obtamed the highest color absorption (Abs) when the extracUon was earned out with 50S6 concentration of ethanol at 100"C for 90 mmutes. \t had yellow color at pH 3,0 to 6.5. which turned to light red to dark red at pH > 7.0. The extracted solution was quite stable after heat Uealment at 70"C and 90"C.
Keywords: Color stability, natural color, red color, Sappan wood, extiaction.
Ngirdi phan bi^n: PGS.TS. D6 Van Chuong Ngay nhan bai: 13/9/2019
Ngay th6ng qua phan bien: 14/10/2019 Ng^y duyet dang: 21/10/2019
126 N O N G NGHIEP VA PH - ^ - " " • ' * 0 ? ! ^ TH.O^' - »rY i + 3 - T H A W ^ 2/2020
