i^X^ebkf) 1^}
Phat trien dat nUdc
Can gibi tre va sir nang tfdng
LU JLT G I A H O A N G V A N DM
Bdt ^ u tCrtdl cd cdu DNNN
Ngdy 17/7/2012, Thii ttfdng Chinh phii ban hdnh Quylt djnh sd 929/QD-TTg phi duyfit Dl dn "Tii cd clu doanh nghifip nhi nfldc (DNNN), trpng tim Id t|p dodn kinh tl, tdng cdng ty nhi nfldc giai dogn 2011 -2015".
Myc tifiu cfla dl dn Id ldm cho DNNN cd cd d u hpp ly hdn, tdp tmng vdo ngdnh, Iinh vflc then chdt, cung d p sdn phim, djch vy cdng ich thilt ylu cho xi hfii vd qudc phdng, an nlnh, Idm ndng cdt dl kinh tl nhi nfldc thtfc hifin dflpc vai trd chd dgo, la Iflc Iflpng vdt chit quan trgng dlNhd nfldc djnh htfdng, dilu tilt nfin kinh tl vi dn djnh kinh tl vi mfi.
Theo thdng kl, DNNN chilm din 70% vfin dlu tfl todn xa hpi, 50% vdn dlu tfl Nhi nfldc, 60% tfn dyng cfla cdc ngan hdng thfldng mgi, 70% ngudn vdn ODA, nhflng theo Bp I ^ hogch vd Dlu tfl, doanh nghifip nhd nfldc (DNNN) chi ddng gdp khodng 37% - 38% GDR Cd din 31% DNNN bj 16 trong sdn xult kinh doanh, 29% hogt ddng khdng hipu qua, Ifi lai tflpng trflng. Dgc bilt, cac DNNN dang np 1.008.000 ty ddng. Chinh \q vay, vific tii cd clu DNNN, nhat li cdc tap dodn kinh tl vd tdng cdng ty nhi ntfdc, trd nen d p bich hdn bao gid hit.
VI vific lam thl nao dl tdi cd clu DNNN cd hifiu qud, nhieu chuyin gia da dtfa ra nhO^ng y kiln khic nhau vi tat ci dlu cd ly nhfl: Chinh phu can phii xdy dflng dl in hit sflc cu the; DNNN thua Id thi nen bdn;
Cii gi Nhi nfldc lim tdt thi de Nhd nfldc lim, tfl nhin lim tfit dl tfl nhan lam, Nhd ntfdc chi dl ra tifiu chi dl thflc hifin; Phii tgo lgp mpt the chl, trong dd cdc quy djnh liln quan din nhflng yeu td cua mdi trfldng kinh doanh phdi hoin toin gidng nhau gitfa DNNN vi cic logi hinh DN khac. Nhflng quy djnh khde hogc qui trinh thtfc hifin cdn tgo ra dgc quyen, dgc Ipi cho DN nhd nfldc phii dflpc logi bd hoin toin; Mudn tdi clu triic DNNN thdnh cdng, thl dlu tiln phdi thay dfii md hinh quan trj. tfl dd se bd dflpc cdch dilu hdnh DN bang mfinh lfinh hanh chfnh: Phdi coi DNNN Id dfii tic chfl khdng phii cdng cy cfla Chinh phfl...
Nhflng cd chuyin gia lgi khang djnh dilu then chdt de tii cd clu DNNN phdi bat dlu chlnh tfl... cii dau.
Nlu "cii dlu" khdng thay ddi, bam riet vdo tfl duy cu, quan dilm cu se khdng bao gid ddi mdi dupc. Nhfl vdy, chung ta can nhtfng cai dlu tre, cd thtfc tai vd tdm huyet xay dtfng dit nfldc. Nlu ctf dtfa vdo nhflng ngfldi cu, each tfl duy cu thi khd thay ddi vi stf tri trfi, ne trdnh vd khdng cd trinh dp dap flng cfing viec.
Gidi trd Vift Nam dang cd gl vd cdn gl7 Vifit Nam dflpc thl gidi ddnh gid Id cd Itfi till vl ddn sd dfing, dang trong thdi ky "ddn s6 ving" nin Itfc Iflpng trong dfi tufii Iao dfing khi dfii dio. Ddy Id ngudn ltfc vfi cflng quan trpng dl dit nfldc ta thtfc hi|n thdnh cfing Chiln Iflpc phdt triln kinh tl - xd hfii giai dogn 2011-2020 da dtfpc Dgi hfii Ddng XI thdng qua ngiy 16/2/2011. Thy nhiln, chit Itfpng ngufin nhdn Itfc ciSa Vifit Nam vin cdn tiilp vd cin phdi dflpc cii tiii|n cii^
sdm cing tfit.
Ngdy 14/12/2012, tgi Tmng tdm Hfii nghj Qufic gia (My Dinh - Hd Nfii), ngay trfldc philn bl mgc Dgi hpi Doin toin qufic lln thfl X, Thii tfldng Nguyin Tin Dflng di khing djnh, dit nfldc dang cin ngufin nhin Iflc chit Iflpng cao, cd trlnh dfi, kiln thflc, ky ndng thtfc stf. Mong mudn cfla Thu tfldng cung Id nguyfin vpng cfla nhtfng ai cd chiit kien thflc vl phit triln ddt nfldc, nhflng ngufin nhdn Itfc cfla chflng ta trong giai dogn hipn nay nhtf thl ndo?
Theo kit qui dilu tra ddn sfi din tiling l2/20ia Vifit Nam cd gin 87 trifiu ngtfdi. Dilu niy phin dnh ngufin nhdn Itfc cua Vifit Nam dang phdt triln dfii ddo. Nguon nhdn ltfc Vifit Nam dtfpc d u thdnh chii ylu Id ttf ndi^
din, cdng nhin, tri thflc, doanh nhdn. djch vy vd nhan Iflc cfla cdc ngdnh, nghl. Trong dd, ngudn nhdn Itfc nfing ddn cd gin 62 trifiu ngfliri, chilm hdn 70% dan s&; ngufin nhdn Itfc cdng nhdn Id 9,5 trifiu ngfldi (gin 10% ddn so);
ngudn nhdn Iflc tri tiiflc, tfit nghifip tfl dgi hpc, cao ding trd lln Id hdn 2,5 tnfiu ngtfdi, chilm khodng 2,15% din so; ngudn nhin Itfc tfl cac doanh nghifip khodng 2 tnfiu ngfldi, trong dd, khfii doanh nghifip tiling fldng gin 1 trifiu ngfldi...
Hifin nay, d Vifit Nam dang hmh tiidnh 2 logi hinh nhdn Itfc: nhin ltfc phd thfing vi nhdn Itfc chit Iflpng cao. Nhdn Itfc phd tiifing hlfin tgi vin chilm sfi ddng, trong khi dd, ty Ifi nhdn Itfc chit Itfpng cao Igi chilm A tiilp. Vifit Nam hi|n dang tiifla nhdn Itfc phd tiidng vi tiiilu nhdn Itfc chit Itfpng cao. Theo sfi hpu tiifing ke nam 2010, trong sfi 20,1 tri|u lao dfing da qua ddo tgo trin tfing sfi 48,8 trieu Iao dfing dang Idm vipc, till cW c6 8,4 tri|u ngtfdi cd bing cap, chflng chl do ckc cd sd dio tgo tiong vi ngodi nfldc. Sd ngfldi tfl 15 tudi trd lln dilpc ddo tgo nghl vd chuyin mdn ky thudt rit thi^ chilm khoing 40%. Cd clu ddo tgo hien cdn bit hpp ly dildc the hifin qua cdc ty Ifi: Dgi hgc vd trin dgi hgc Id 1, tnmg hgc chuyin nghipp Id 1,3 vi cfing nhan ky thudt Id 0,92;
trong khi tren till gidi, tyi| ndy Id 1-4-10. Theo dinh ^ ciia Ngin hang Thl gidi (WB), Vifit Nam dang rit thii^
lao dfing cd trinh dp tay nghl, cdng nhdn ky thudt b ^ cao vd chit Iflpng ngudn nhin Itfc Vi|t Nam cung t h ^
22 CdNG NGHl£P» R^ 1. thing 1+2/2013 - -Website: www.Upchicongnghicp.fn
hdn so vdi nhilu ntfdc khic. Nlu lay thang dilm li 10 thl chit Itfpng nhdn ltfc cua Vifit Nam chi dgt 3,79 dilm (xep thfl 11/12 nfldc chlu A tham gia xIp hgng cfla WB) trong khi Han Qufic la 6,91; An Dp Id 5,76; Malaysia li 5,59; Thii Lan la 4,94...
Cd d u phan bd lao dfing theo nginh nghl cung mit can ddi. Cic nginh ky thugt - cfing nghp, nfing - Idm - ngfl nghifip it vd chilm tl trgng thip, trong khi dd cic nganh xa hfii nhfl ludt, kinh tl, ngogi ngfl... lgi qui cao.
Hi|n tgi, mpt sfi Iflpng ldn sinh vifin khd gidi khdng mudn lim vific tgi cdc cd quan nhd nfldc. Nhflng ngfldi lam d khu vflc nhd nfldc phln nhilu do mfii quan hfi, chgy tiln vd tit nhiln, nhflng ngUdi niy ludn cd mfit dp
"i" nhit djnh so vdi nhQng ngfldi ldm cho cd quan nfldc ngoii. Nhilu chuyin gia da khing djnh, nhflng ngtfdi tii gidi khdng lim cho khfii nhd nudc nguyin nhdn li vi nhflng hgn che tfl cfing tic qudn ly ciing nhtf mfii trfldng Iam vific cua cac tdi nang trl. Hifin nay, tgi cac cd quan nhd nfldc, ngoii mflc Ifldng thip, cdc cdn bfi tre thfldng khdng dflpc chil dfing trong cfing vific, khfing dflpc tin ttfdng bfi nhifim cdc vj tri cao, khong dtfpc sfl dyng hpp ly, thgm chi trai ngdnh, trdi nghl... TVong khi dd, mgt Iflpng ldn tdi ndng tre dang ldm vific cho cdc cdng ty ntfdc ngoai cd mflc Itfdng cao, chl dp dai ngp, dilu kifin lam vific tfit, De khic phyc tinh trgng niy, cd ngfldi da dl xult gidi phdp "trd Ifldng mfit each hpp ly xflng dang vdi cic cd nhdn xult sac; trd Ifldng theo ndng ltfc, kit qud lam vific thay cho vific tra Itfdng theo thdm niln cdng tdc; tin nhiem, giao nhilm vy trong trich cho tdi nang tre vi tang ctfdng chl dg dai ngp chinh sich phuc Ipi ddi vdi hg..."
Hifin cd hdn 4 trilu ngudi Vilt Nam dang sinh sdng, hpc tgp d ntfdc ngodi. trong dd cd khoing 100.000 hpc sinh, sinh vien, nghien ctfu sinh dang hgc tgp d cac ntfdc.
Day li vln dl mi Chfnh phu phdi suy nghi, phii lam gl de cd nhilu ngtfdi vl lim vific trong nfldc.
d diu vi vio thdi ndo, gidi tre ciing ludn dflpc xem Id tfldng lai cua qufic gia, li gifldng cfit cua nfldc nha, la tinh hoa cua ddn tfic. Bdi Ie trong mfit xa hpi, ngtfdi tre ludn Id sflc mgnh npi ltfc, li sfl sdng cdn cua ci ddn tdc, hp phii cheo Idi, dan dat con thuyin din tpc tiln vdo ttfdng lai trong stf thdnh dgt va tiln bfi ciia nhdn logi. Mgt khac, ngfldi tre lufin li cau ndi gifla qua khtf cfla ddn tfic vdi tfldng lai cua thl gidi; Id ndi luu dlu vi d t giii nhflng net dep van hda truyln thong ddn tpc de chuyin trao cho Idp thl h§ trl mai sau. Thl nfin, gidi tre ddng mpt vai trfi quan trpng ddi vdi qui hfldng vi dit nfldc, cung nhfl mfit nhifim vy ndng nl dfii vdi ddn tpc vd qufic gia.
Rat cdn mpt tU duy lanh dao mdi Trong nhflng ndm qua, do nin kinh tl chuyin doi va cic nhd qudn ly xa hpi do nhilu nguyin nhan nen chtfa cd nhflng hdnh dpng cy thl trong gido dye, htfdng nghifip cho thanh niln. Do vgy, the hfi trfi cfla chdng ta sinh ra, song vk bade nhtfng btfdc di ch|p chogng, thilu
djnh hfldng. Trin bfldc dfldng dd, bilt bao nhflng trao Iflu, phong cich sfing dflpc ndy sinh gifla hg, tfit cd, xlu cd, ctf xen lln vd lln Itfpt nfii lln. Khfing it bgn trl da vIp nga trin btfdc dfldng ddi, Nhflng trang vilt ngdn ngiii ndy se cho chiing ta cii nhin sd sii vl nhflng trio Itfu tieu bilu trong sfi vfi vin nhflng trdo Itfu dang ngiy dim niy sinh ndi gidi trl.
Thdi dgi ngiy nay, gidi trl cd nhflng gi trong tay? T^t nhifin Ii hg cd sflc khde, stf cfldng tring, sfl lilu linh, y chf vtfpt khd, stf hang hai xd thin, ldng nhifit thdnh. Hg cd kiln thtfc phfi thfing, kiln thtfc sfing vd kiln thtfc hfii nhdp bgn bl, hdng xdm, gla dinh, Hp cd dtf dilu kifin dc cd mfit ly ttfdng sdng chinh ding, cd mfit dich dl htfdng tdi cdi hay cii dep, mfit hy vpng trdn tre vio ttfdng lai Mdc dfl sdng trong thdi dgi diy du vdi stf khich 1| cua mpi phtfdng tifin nhtf thl, nhUng ddi khi hogc khdng thilu ngtfdi trfi vdn chi cd stf sg sfit, e dl, thilu ttf tin, dichdn ndn, dl thit vpng..., hay vln sp dyng chgm, sp khd khan, sp hfii nhgp vdi cii mdi vi sg bj che bai. Hogc dfii khi, ngtfdi trl lo nggi do dl sai phgm. dl xung khac, dl budng tfii, dl nghe, dl bj cdm dd, dl Ifi tiiufic, dl bdt chtfdc, de gilm pha trdch mdc. Dilu dd dan tdi stf trfing vdng, khdng myc dich. khfing ly ttfdng. dl khung hoing.
dl cfl ddn. din din thdi dfi bit dn, vd vgng. mgc kfi...
Sfl bflng nd vi phat triln kinh tl trin todn thl gidi doi hdi gldi trl phii thtfc stf nhanh nhgy, khdn ngoan, phdi cd du stfc khde. tmh thin de hfii nhgp. de nam bat nhgy ben, de thdnh dat. tiln bp nhanh, khdng bj Igc hau vd chd ddl. Xa hgi ddi hfii ndi hp stf thay ddi vd thich nghi vdi cai mdi trong vdt chit, tfng xfl, giao tilp, ldi sdng. tinh than vd quyet dinh. Gidi tre cung dtfpc ddi hdi cd stf trdi day vi khao khit thdnh cdng. danh vpng, chd dflng, tiln tai, sfl nghifip, tinh cam vi tfu thl. Hg phii bilt khat khe trong cgnh tranh, sang tgo ddi mdi, bat kjp nhjp sdng vdi thdi cd vi may man,
Cd thl thay, ngudn nhan ltfc Vifit Nam hifin nay cd cdc dgc diem sau:
- Ngudn nhdn Itfc khd ddi ddo, nhflng chtfa dtfpc stf quan tdm dtfng mflc, chtfa dtfpc quy hogch. khai thac;
chtfa dtfpc ndng dp; chtfa dtfpc ddo tgo den noi din chdn.
- Chit Itfpng ngudn nhin ltfc chtfa cao, din din tinh trang mau thudn gitfa Iflpng vi chat.
- Kit qui khio sat htfdng nghifip trong hpc sinh d p 3 thi hlu nhfl cic em khdng bilt gi, cho nen dii cd hpc dgi hpc hay cao ding nhflng din khi ra trfldng. cic em van khdng hda nhgp dflpc vio thj trtfdng lao dfing, Vi vgy, vific nang cao chit Ifldng ngudn nhdn Itfc can cd nhdm giai phdp mang tinh dgt phd nhfl: tgo sfl lifin thdng gifla khdu gido dye vi dao tgo (phfa cung) vdi thj trtfdng vific ldm, thj trfldng Iao dpng (phia clu) dfla tiln cic nguyen lyhieu qua, ndng suit Iao dpng...
Cd the ndi, muon cd dpi ngii trl phit triln kinh tl, xay dflng Td qudc thi cdc nhd lanh dgo phii cd tfl duy mdi, bilt tin cdy vio gidi tre- thl hfi kl cgn cua hp. *>
Website: www.tapchlcongnghiep.vn_ —Ky 1, thdng 1+2/2013 «CdNG NGHl£P I 2 3
