cau trong

NGHIEN CUU Li LUAN

Mpt each tiep can giao due cong dan toan cau trong mon Nguf van

BiJi Thi D i l n Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viel Nam 52 Lieu Giai, Ba Oinh. Ha Noi, Viet Nam Email: buidier.vgdggmail com

TOM TAT: Xu the toan cau hoa da tang cUdng suphu thudc vahen ket gida cac qudc gia. Cdng din toin cau va giio due cdng dan toan cau trd thinh mgt trong nhdng muc tieu giio due quan trgng. Giao due cong dan toin cau can dugc thuc hidn dong bd trong tit ci cic khau td quan diem, chinh sich^ vi can chi tiet den chuong trinh, ke hoach vi hoat ddng giao due tdng bg mdn. Mon NgO van dUOc cho la mdn hgc cd nhieu co hdi trong giio due cdng dan toin ciu cho hgc smh. PhUOng phip tiep cin giio due cong dan toan cau cho mdn hgc niy can linh hoat de dim bio tinh khi thi va hieu qui. Giio vien cd thS tich hgp thong qua viec lUa chgn chd de, ndi dung, qua lua chgn phuong phip tfch cUc de ting cudng nhin thde vi hinh ddng ve cac van de toin cau nhu cho hoc sinh lien he thuc tidn, phat bieu suy nghT, dieu tra, phong van thde ti, viit bio cao, trinh biy, xuit bin. Nhdng hoat ddng nay se giup ngudi hgc trd thanh nhdng cdng dan toin cau, luon san sang vi mdt thegidi tdt dep hOn.

^\i KHOA: Cong dan toan cau; giao due cong dan toan cau; Ngii' van; toan cau hoa; chfi tfe tich h^p.

• * Nhan bSil 0/8/2019 •^ Nhan ket qua phSn bien v i chinh sila 15/9/2019 4 Duygt dang 25/10/2019.

1 . Dat v a n d e

Trong xu the toan cau hoa, qua trinh hoi nhap quoc te ngay cang dirac day manh, dan den xu hirong dich chuyen giiia cac quoc gia va lien ket quoc te. Nhan loai dang s6ng trong mot tlie gioi phang, ket noi, anh huong va phu thuoc nhau. Chinh vi the, cong dan toan cau (CDTC) va giao due (GD) CDTC dugc ca the giai quan tam va dugc xae dinh la mgt trong nhiing muc tieu phat trien ben virng: "Den nam 2030, dam bao rang tat ca ngucri hgc deu co kien thirc va kT nang can thiet de thiic day phat trien ben viing, thong qua GD vi su phat trien va !6i song ben viJng, nhan quy6n, binh dang giai, thiic day nen van hoa hoa binh va khong bao lire, CDTC va de cao sir da dang van hoa cung nhu sy dong gop Clia van hoa doi vai phat trien ben viing" [1, tr.l9]. Ci Viet Nam, Nghi quyet so 29-NQ/TW ve Doi moi can ban toan dien GD va dao tao da neu ra yeu cau ve mgt nen GD phat tri^n nhiing ca nhan hai iioa, toan dien trong moi tnrong cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa trong dieu kien nen kinh te thi truong xa hgi chii nghia va hgi nhap quoc te [2], GD CDTC ckn dugc thuc hien dong bo tir to chirc, chinh sach cho dSn CT GD Trong cac bg mon, Ngu van dugc cho la mon hgc co nhi^u ca hgi trong viec GD nhiing noi dung GD CDTC cho hgc sinh (HS), cho nen viec tang cuong tich hgp ngi dung GD toan cau trong mon Ngir van rat kha thi va ckn thiSt trong viec tao nen nhirng cong dan toan cau Viet Nam. Bdi viit thugc Di tdi KH&XHNVedp Quoe gia

"Nghien cicu vi cong ddn todn cdu Viet Nam", md so de tdi: KHGD/16-20.DT.009, do Tiin sTLuffng Viet Thdi ldm chu nhiem.

2. Npi d u n g n g h i e n ctfu

2.1. Khai niem cong dan toan cau va giao due cong dan toan cau

CDTC la mgt khai niem nhan duac nhieu nghien CIJU va cac to chirc quoc te de cap. To chiic Oxfam cho rang, CDTC la nguai nhan thitc dugc the gidi va co y thiic ve vai tro cua minh nhu la mgt cong dan the gioi, ton trong va tran quy sir da dang, co hieu biet sir van dgng ciia the gioi, nhiet tinh cam ket ve cong bang xa hgi, tham gia vao cgng dong tat ca cac cap tir dia phuang den toan cau, hgp tac vi mot the gioi cong bang va ben viing hon, chiu trach nhiem vk hanh dgng ciia minh [3, tr.5]. T6 chiic UNESCO cijng xae dinh CDTC luon hirong den mgt cgng d6ng Ion, phu thuoc ian nhau vk chinh tri, xa hgi, van hoa va kit n3i giira dia phucmg, qu6c gia va toan clu. Mgt CDTC cln ton trgng cac gia tri con nguoi, khSng phan biet chung toe, gioi, hi6i tac, ton giao va quan diem chinh tri; Ton trong su da dang va quan diem da chi6u; Quy trgng thg giai tu nhien, su s5ng cua van vat; Co trach nhiem giai qnyk cac thach thiic toan cau; Suy nghT mang tinh toan cau trong viec xoa bo bSt binh dang va bat cong. Tac gia Fernando M. Reimers cung cho rang, mgt CDTC co nang lire phai hi6u duac thi giai kit n6i va CO kha nang hoat dgng hieu qua xuyen qu6c gia dl giai quyet cae thach thiic, hoae nam bat cac

CO- hgi trong kha nang cua minh [4, tr.3].

rnx^*!,'"",!"'" '^".'^°° ™ " " ^ ' ™ « ""»" ft*': vS ngucri CDTC doi hoi su chu trpng moi doi voi GD CDTC OD CDTC phat tnin va nang cao thai do, cac ki nans vi muc Ueu GD vi mot CT giang day rong va can bins r^ t 71 UNESCO Cling cho ring, GD CDTC nhim "= l-^' "' 'J' quyen cho nguai hgc tham gia va dam nhan vai tro rauc dich trao tich cue

68 TAP CHl KHOA HOC GIAO Dye VIET NAM

Bui Thj Dien

tai dia phucmg, qu6c gia va tren toan cau de doi mat va giai quylt cac thach thiic toan cSu va cuoi ciing dl tra thanh nguoi chu dgng dong gop cho hoa binh, khoan dung, bao gfim sir an toan va ben vijng the gioi. GD CDTC nham muc dich tao dung kien thiic, kT nang, gia tri va thai do ma nguai hgc cin dl co the dong gop cho mgt thi gioi hoa binh, cong bang va toan dien hon. GD CDTC doi hoi nhieu each tiep can khac nhu GD nhan quyen, GD hoa binh, GD de phat hiln fain vung va GD cho su hieu biet quoc te vai quan dilm hgc tap suot dai va nhieu hinh thiic hoc tap khac.

UNESCO dl xuat ba thanh to lien quan chat che trong GD CDTC bao gom nhan thirc, cam xuc xa hgi va hanh vi.

Nhan thirc de co dugc kien thiic, hieu biet va tir duy phe phan vl cac van de toan cau, khu vuc, quoc gia, dia phuang va sir lien ket, phu thugc ciia cac quoc gia. Cam xiic xa hgi dl CO y thuc ve mgt nhan loai chung, chia se cac gia tri va trach nhiem, su d6ng cam, doan ket va ton trgng su khac biet, da dang. Hanh vi dS himh dgng hieu qua va co trach nhiem a cap dia phuong, quoc gia va toan cau vi mgt the gioi hoa binh va ben virng hon [6, tr.l5]. To chirc Oxfam cung dua ra quan niem, mgt CT cho GD CDTC vdi nhirng thanh to chinh nhu: Kien thuc va hieu biet, kT nang, gia tri va thai do (xem Bang 1).

Bang 1 : NhQng thanli to ctiinh cua CT GD CDTC

Cong bang xa hoi Tli duy phe phan va sang tao

Til y thilc Vti long tiJ trong

Ban sac va siJ ila Oong cam dang

Cam ket cong b l n g xa

Toan cau hoa va Sii tii nhan thifc va sii phu thuoc phcin anh

Ton trong con ngi/iJi va quyen con ngifdi Phattn^n ben vifng Giao tiep Tran trgng sit 6a dang Hoa binh va mau Hdp tac va giai

thuan quyet mau thuan

Quan tam den moi trUdng va cam ket phat trien ben vOng Quyen con ngudi Kha nSng quan li sii

phifc tap va su bien ddi

Cam Ket cung tham gia va ket hdp

Quyen IUc va qutin H^nh dong ting tri dung

Tin tuSng mpi ngudi co the tao nen sii thay Soi

GD CDTC CO the sir dung ket hgp nhieu phuong phap giang day nhu thao luan va tranh luan, dong vai, cac boat dong nguyen nhan, hau qua va dieu tra. Day khong phai la nhtmg phuong phap dac trung cho GD CDTC nhung dugc sii dung duoi quan diem GD CDTC, gop phan boi duang cac kT nang nhu tu duy phan bien, dat van de, giao tiep vit hop tac. Nhung phuang phap nay cho phep ngucri hgc kham pha, phat triln va thi hien cac gia tri va y kiln rieng, trong khi lang nghe tran trgng quan dilm cua nguoi khac [5, tr.9].

GD CDTC khong nhat thilt cln dugc day nhu mgt mon hgc

rieng le ma can duac hoc tap thong qua tit ca cac ITnh vuc cua CT hgc va m6i mon hgc co mot thi manh neng, dong gop quan trgng de thuc hien trong viec phat triln cac kiln thiic, kl nang va thai do lien quan din CDTC.

Tai Viet Nam, tuy chua co mgt phat ngon hoae tuyen b6 chinh thiic nao ve CDTC the hien trong mon hgc nhung xet cho ciing mgt so noi dung lien quan din CDTC cung dugc neu ra 6 mgt so van ban, huong din thuc hien, Vi du, Bg GD&DT da ban himh nhfing van ban chi dao co ngi dung CDTC nhu GD dao diic/gia tri s6ng, ren luyen kT nang song, hieu biet xa hgi cho HS; Thuc hien tich hgp cac ngi dung GD (bao ve moi truong, bao ve tai nguyen, moi truang bien, hai dao, sir dung nang lugng tiet kiem, hieu qua, quyen va bon phan cua tre em, binh dang gioi, iing pho voi bien doi khi hau, phong tranh va giam nhe thien tai; ...) vao cac mon hoc va hoat dgng GD [7], [8], Trong CT GD pho thong, mgt so yeu cau, ngi dung GD CDTC dugc thi hi^n d muc tieu, ngi dung, yeu cau can dat vii huang din thuc hien CT cac mon hgc va hoat dgng GD co uu the

2 . 2 . Giao [tuc cong dan toan cau qua chifolng trinh mon Ngii van Viet Nam

Cac nghien ciru deu chi ra vai tro va hieu qua ciia ngon ngu me de trong viec GD CDTC cho HS. Cu the, to chiic Oxfam dua ra nhirng huang dan cu the cho viec tich hgp nhiing ngi dung GD CDTC vao mon Tieng Anh. Theo do, mon hgc co kha nang phat trien su dong cam, kT nang giao ti6p va kha nang tranh luan hieu qua, cung cap nhimg hieu biet sau sac ve cac van de ca nhan va toan cau, chang han nhu dinh kien va xung dot, tao co hgi tim hieu cac van de toan cau trong boi canh thuc te de phat trien cac kT nang cot loi; Kham pha cac gia tri, niem tin va kinh nghiem cua cac nhom nguai khac nhau, dua vao van ban va suy nghT ve mgt loat cac nen van hoa va truyen thong.

Cach tilp can CDTC trong mon Tieng Anh the hien 6 viec b6j duang nhung con nguai biet cam thong, ton trgng su da dang trong cgng dong dia phuang, qu6c gia va toan clu, cho phep nguoi hgc de cao quan diem, kham pha each cac van ban tir xa hgi, lich su khac nhau va boi canh van hoa anh huong den cac gia tri va y thirc ve ban sac, cung cap ca hgi thirc te de nguai hgc phat trien kha nang tu the hien va cac kT nang giao tilp, tuang tac. Vi du, thay vi viet thu thuylt phuc cho khan gia gia dinh, nguai hgc co thi viet thu cho CO quan chiic nang dia phuang ve cac van de quan trgng. Ngoai ra, nguai hgc co the trinh bay bai phat bilu de chia se quan dilm vl cac van de dia phuang toim cau trong tnrong hgc hoae cgng dong rgng Ion [3, tr.l].

Nhilu nghien ciiu chi ra ring, co thi tich hgp mgt so ngi dung GD CDTC trong cac mach ngi dung nghe noi dgc vilt trong mon Ngon ngii. Cu the nhu phat trien sir dong cam, kham pha nhung quan diem khac nhau va nhan ra sy phirc tap Clia mgt vin dl bang each dong vai mgt nhan vat hoae tinh hu6ng cu thi. Vi du nhu hau qua ciia tran dgng dat a Haiti nam 2010; Kham pha tac dung ciia ngon ngir noi trong viec dky liii nhiing bat cong xa hgi bang each nghien ciiu cac bai phat bilu ciia Nelson Mandela hoae Martin Luther

So 22 thang 10/2019 59

NGHIEN CCU LILUAN

King; So sanh cac van ban ve ciing mgt vin dl toan clu, chang han nhu di cu hoae pha rimg tir nhilu quan dilm vii phong each viet; Viet mgt ta roi hoae tao mgt ap phich thuyet phuc mgi nguoi hanh dgng ve van de toan clu; Vilt va giri cac bai bao hoae gin thu cho cac doanh nghiep dia phuang ve mgt van de toan cau tai dia phuang, ching han nhu dau ehan carbon hoae chuoi cung ting quin ao [3, tr.2].

Theo do, mon Ngu van Viet Nam hoan toan co kha nang dinh huong de GD CDTC hieu qua. Tren thuc tl, mgt s6 yeu cau, ngi dung GD CDTC dugc the hien a muc tieu, ngi dung, yeu cau can dat va huong dan thuc Men CT ciing nhu cac hoat dgng GD mon hgc. Cu the, trong CT Ngii van hien hanh, muc tieu mon hoc dugc xae dinh la khong chi cung cap nhimg kien thiic, kT nang ve tieng Vi^t va Van hgc ma con giiip HS co them nhiing hieu biet ve van hoa, xa hgi, lich sir, doi song ngi tam con nguai va ban than, gop phan boi duong tu tuang, tinh cam va nhan each HS. Trong do, muc tieu thai do rat gan gui voi nhung ngi dung GD trong CDTC, do la: "Mon Ngir van boi duang cho HS tinh yeu tieng Viet, van hgc, van hoa; tinh yeu gia dinh, thien nhien, dat nuoc; long tu hiio dan tgc; y chi tu lap, tu cucmg; li tuang xa hgi chii nghTa; tinh than dan chu, nhan van; GD cho HS trach nhiem cong dan, tinh than hiru nghj va hgp tac quoc te, y thiic ton trgng va phat huy cac gia tri van hoa Clia dan toe va nhan loai."[9, tr.5]. KhSng ch! the hien trong muc tieu, phuang phap day hgc ciing dugc xay dung tren quan diem "thong qua cac hinh tugng van hgc vii cac tinh huong giao tiep bang tieng Viet van hoa, mon Ngir van con CO kha nang ket hgp GD cong dan, ciing co va ma rgng hieu bilt vl van hoa xa hgi cho HS" [9, tr.6]. Qua do, co thi thiy CT mon Ngii van hien hanh da xuat hien nhirng ngi dung lien quan chat che den GD CDTC nhu tinh thkn huu nghi va hgp tac quoc te, co y thirc ton trgng, phat huy cac gia tri van hoa ciia dan tgc va nhan loai, hanh dgng trach nhiem, sir san sang tham gia.

Trong CT GD pho thong moi, nhiing muc tieu va ngi dung nay tiep tuc dugc phiit huy, cu thi muc tieu dua ra la

"hinh thanh va phat trien cho HS nhirng phim chit t6t dep;

Yeu nuac, nhan ai, eham chi, trung thuc va trach nhiem, bdi duong tam hon, hinh thanh nhan each va phat triln ca tinh.

Mon Ngu van giup HS kham pha ban than va the giai xung quanh, thau hieu con nguai, co doi song tam h6n phong phii, CO quan niem song va img xir nhan van; Co tinh yeu doi voi tieng Viet va van hgc; Co y thiic ve coi nguon va ban sic cua dan tgc, gop phan giu gin, phat trien cac gia tri van hoa Viet Nam; Co tinh than tiep thu tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai va kha nang hgi nhap quoc te [iO, tr.5]. Ngoai ra, voi nhimg muc tieu phat trien nang luc dua tren huong din ngi dung ve cac van ban/cac van de ve hoa binh, sir da dang van hoa, cong bang xa hgi, bao ve moi trucmg, phat triln ben viing,... cung giiip cho HS hieu ve moi quan he giira ca nhan va cgng dong nhan loai, giiia quoc gia dan tgc va thi giai, sir phu thugc lan nhau. Yeu cau can dat ciia CT GD phi thong mon Ngii van mai cung neu ra can giup HS:

"Bilt giii gin tu each, ban sac ciia cong dan Viet Nam, ding

thai bilt tilp thu co chgn lgc tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai dl hgi nhap qu6c tS, tro thanh CDTC" [10, ir.9]. Ben canh do, CT cung dinh huong lira chgn ngir lieu vcti cac tieu chi

"thi hien tinh thin yeu nuoc, dgc lap dan tgc, y thu^ ve chu quyln qu6c gia; co tinh nhan van, GD long nhan ai, khoan dung, tinh yeu ehan thien mT, tinh yeu thien nhieii, tinh than hgi nhap qu6c tl, huong din nhung gia tri pho quat ciia nhan loai" [10, tr.21]. Day co thi dugc coi la mgt phan ngi dung CO mli lien quan chat che din GD CDTC. Dang chii y, CT ciing neu nhung ngi dung GD uu tien xuyen suit bao gom chil quyln qu6c gia, hoi nhap quoc te, giQ gin ban sac van hoa, phat triln bin viing, bao ve moi truong, quyen con nguoi, quyln tre em, binh ding gioi, GD tai chinh,...."

[10, tr.82]. Huang din nay thi hien tinh thin cua CDTC trong CT.Tuy nhien, dilu quan trgng nhat la moi GV can xay dung kl hoach phii hgp cho timg chii de/bai hgc gop phan hinh thanh, ren luyen, phat trien nhung kT nang can thilt cua CDTC. Dua vao CT Ngu: van hien hanh vii CT Ngir van moi, GV hoan toiin co the thiet ke nhtmg bai hoc gia tri vira hoan thanh muc tieu GD ciia mon hgc vira huong den nhiing kien thiic, kT nang, thai do trong huong dan GD CDTC.

Nhu vay, mon Ngii van rat co uu the trong viec GD ciic ngi dung ciia cong dan toan cau, tac dgng den nhan thirc va tu tuang, tinh cam, tir do thuc day hanh dgng vi mgt the gicti ben vung, hoa binh va thinh vugng.

2.3. Quy trinh xay dirng ke hoach bai hoc cong dan toan cau trong mon NgC van

Nhu da de cap o tren, viec GD CDTC khong nhat thiet phai the hien o nhiing biii hgc rieng ma hoan toim co the tich hgp vao cac ngi dung va hoat dgng day hgc san co trong cac mon hgc, cu the la qua mon Ngii van. Phuang phap tiep can nay da dugc minh chiing qua nhieu nghien ciiu, dac biet la qua cong trmh cua Fernando M. Reimers (2017), Trao quyen cho HS cdi thien the gi&i trong 60 bdi hgc. Trong cuon sach nay, tac gia da xay dung 5 bai hoc mlu vl GD CDTC tir lop 1 din lop 12 dl co thi dugc day trong nhieu mon hgc trong CT. Nhiing bai hgc khung nay hoan toan co the dugc day hieu qua phii hgp vai clu tnic ciia nhilu mon hgc. Ngoai ra, co thi lien kit 5 bai hpc nay va voi nhiing d p hoc khac dl tang cuong nang luc toim cau Mau thiet kl mdi bai hgc dugc tac gia dua ra bao g6m ciic phSn sau [4, tT.21]:

Tin ke hoach b^i hgc (Ngucri thilt kl)

Tom t^t va Muc dich: Cung clp thong tin t6ng quan vl bai hgc, ve tinh phii hgp

Cap lop:

Thai gian: Can bao nhieu thai gian cho bai hgc nay?

Mon hijc: Bai hgc nay co thi dugc tich hgp vao mon hoc nao?

Muc tieu giang day; nhimg nang luc, kiln thiie, kT nana dinh huong HS du kien dat dugc

Chuan: Bai hgc nay giiip dat dugc nhirng muc tieu phat trien ben viing niio, nang lire nao?

Muc tieu nhan thirc: Nhimg y tuong lan hay su hilu bilt

70 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAQ DUC VIET NAM

Bui Thj Di^n

lau dai co dugc tir bai hoc nay la gi?

CSu hoi tr^ng tam: Dua ra hai din bin cau hoi quan trgng chi din, nhimg cau hoi nay phai phu hgp vcti kha nang hilu bilt va khuyin khich su tim toi va thao luan. Cac cau hoi phai tao cam hiing cho tu duy phan bien.

Muc tieu h^c tap cua HS: GV mu6n HS hgc dugc nhimg kiln thuc cy thi gi thong qua bai hgc nay? Trinh bay cac muc tieu co the quan sat dugc va cac muc tieu vl thien huong, thai dO, quy trinh tu quy trong cac ITnh vuc cam xiic xa hfli.

Ddnh gi^: Mo ta cac cong cu danh gia co the giiip GV nhan bilt lieu HS da dat dugc cac muc tieu de ra hay chua, bao gIm danh sach kilm tra, thang do, bai kilm tra va cau dl, cac bai kiem tra kien thiic khong chinh thiic .

Trinh tu hoat dong: Liet ke chuoi hoat dgng cho bai hgc nay, bao gIm dgng luc, cac hoat dgng chinh ciia bai hgc va kit luan. Mo ta ro HS nen dugc chia nhom nhu the nao va trinh bay cac cau hoi hoae each khuyen khich de huang dan HS hoat dgng trong timg truang hgp.

Nguon tai lieu cho GV va HS: Liet ke cac tai lieu in hoae tai lieu true tuyen ho trg GV chuan bi bai hgc va giup HS thuc hien cac hoat dgng.

Cac nghien ciiu tren cho thay tinh kha thi va hieu qua ciia viec ap dung GD CDTC trong cac mon hgc. Dua vao cac nghien ciiu tren, quy trinh tich hgp giang day CDTC trong mon Ngij van co the dugc thuc hien theo cac buac sau:

(1) Dua theo cac chii de bai hgc trong CT hoae bai hgc cu the de lira chon mach ngi dung CDTC phii hgp. Vi du, cac mach ngi dung nhu: 1/ Hieu biet cua HS ve nhiing van de a dia phuong, quoc gia, the gioi; Hieu, danh gia ve thuc trang, nguyen nlian, giai phap cho cac van de; Hieu, phan tich dugc ve moi quan he tac dgng/phu thugc Ian nhau; 2/

Hieu, phan tich dugc moi quan he tac dgng qua lai giira cac van de (Vi du, phat trien kiiih te va moi truang; Xung dot vii doi ngheo; ...); 3/ Xae dinh dugc mgt so hoat dgng CO the tham gia hoae nhiing iing xu phu hgp). Mtic do xae dinh tiiy vao timg cap hgc va bai hgc cu the cho phii hgp vcti doi tugng.

(2) Soan ke hoach bai hgc can chu y den muc tieu neu ra cu the trong muc tieu bai hgc va nhiing ngi dung va phuong phap dugc thuc hien lien quan den cac ngi dung trong GD CDTC. Trong cac phan boat dgng va to chirc bai hgc, doi voi nhimg van de lien quan, GV co tao co hgi khai thae sau han hoae nhan manh de huong toi nhiing noi dung GD CDTC.

(3) To chiic thuc hien boat dgng kl hoach bai hgc, g mgi tinh huong phii hgp, GV co the cho HS lien he hoae phat bieu ve cac ngi dung lien quan din GD CDTC, tao co hgi cho HS dugc the hien quan diem rieng ciing nhu de cao va ton trpng nhirng quan diem khac nhau.

Duai day la vi du ve mgt giao an cu thi tich hgp CDTC trong CT mon Ngii van lop 11 hien hanh: Phong vdn vd trd l&i phong van

(l) Muc tieu: Ngoai nhiing muc tieu gin iiln voi yeu cau can dat vl Phong van va tra loi phong vin, GV co thi dan

eai dugc mgt so muc tieu kiln thiic, nang luc CDTC thong qua viec lua chgn chu de phong van la cac vin dl toim cau, doi hoi nhan thiic ciia ca nhan va viec chung tay giai quyet nhu moi trudng, cong nghe thong tin, xa hgi. Thong qua boat dpng phong van va tra loi phong vin, HS trinh bay dugc hieu biet ve ban than ve cac van dl xa hgi a dia phuang tir do ma rgng lien he den dit nuoc va tren thi gioi.

Ben canh each hieu, HS cilng trinh bay dugc quan dilm, y kien danh gia ve thuc trang, nguyen nhan, giai phap cho cac van de dugc dua ra de phong van. HS It giai dugc thuc trang va xae dinh dugc mgt so hoat dgng co the tham gia hoae nhiing iing xir phii hgp khi xay dung bp cau hoi phong van hoae tien hanh tra lai phong van.

(2) Hinh thiic va to chiic boat dgng: Nliung npi dung va kT nang ve CDTC dugc the hien xuyen suot, thong qua tit ca cac hoat dpng trong tien trinh to chirc day hge.

- HS kham phit nhiing ngi dung ve phong van va thuc hanh phong van, HS thuc hien phong van ban be/cgng dong/ dia phuang theo nhung ehii de CDTC.

- Truac khi den lap, HS tim hieu va thuc hien cac nhiem vu nhom theo phan cong cua GV: Chuan hi mgt bai phong van ve ca nhan; mgt bai phong van nai HS dang sinh song ve mgt trong cac van de sau Ban than va nhting gia tn cua ban than, moi truong, bien doi khi hau; Sir dung hgp !i cac nguon tai nguyen, khoa hgc va cong nghe - su phat trien ciia intemet; Dan chii, cong bang, binh dang gioi; Da dang van hoa.

HS lam viec theo nhom, xae dmh doi tugng phong van a dia phuang, tien hanh nghien ciiu so bg ve chu de phong vin, phac thao bg cau hoi phong van theo cac chii de da dugc xae dinh.

- Tren lap, HS vira thirc hanh luyen tap vira riit ra nhirng luu y, yeu cau vl phong van va tra Icti phong van vai cac chii de lien quan.

- Sau gio hpc, HS hoan thien lai bg cau hoi phong van.

HS tilp tuc cung c6, ren luyen kT nang phong van va tra lai phong van ciing nhu kha nang khai thae, tim hieu, ket ndi cac van de xa hgi thong qua cac hoat dgng ca nhan va nhom. Cu6i cimg, HS vilt bao cao vl kit qua phong van dl kit ndi thong tin thu thap duac voi phln danh gia, trinh bay, dl xult Clia ban than va trinh bay truoc lop.

(3) Phuang phap: Chii y din cac phuong phap day hgc tich cue va tang cuong tinh thuc tiln cho HS. Cu the, vi du trong hoat dgng khai dgng. GV cho HS xem mgt so bai phong vin tieu bilu vl cac chii dl toan clu, sau do cho HS trinh bay suy nghT vl hinh thiic va ngi dung phong van, chg HS thuc hanh phong vin a dia phuong cgng dong de thu thap dugc kiln thirc thuc tl vl cac chii de xa hgi. HS viet bao cao vl thong tin thu thap dugc va danh gia van de de de xult cac giai phap; Hinh thanh cac nhom phong vien moi truang, xa hgi, cong nghe.

Nhu vay, GV hoan toan co thi kit hgp mot each kheo leo nh&ng ngi dung GD CDTC trong CT dua tren muc tieu bai hpc. Dac biet, dli voi nhung bai hgc GV dugc quyen chu dpng lira chgn chu dl, npi dung dl ren luyen kT nang, nang

So 22 thang 10/2019 71

r NGHIEN c a u Lf LUAN

Hinh 1. Nhumg hinh dnh thie nghiim trong khudn khd di tdi nghien ciru CDTC Viet Nam

luc cho H S , GV hoan toan co the bien do thanh nhtrng bai hpc huTi fch, thit vi huong ve GD C D T C .

Tren c o so nhu'ng dieu da dugc mo ta a tren, tac gia da thiet ke mgt so ke hoach bai hgc mon Ngu van va thir nghiem o mgt so dia p h u a n g trong khuon kho ciia du an.

NhO'ng ke hoach bat hpc thir nghiem vita dat dugc muc tieu mon hgc vira tang cuong nhan thirc va hanh dgng eiia HS ve cac van de toiin cau. HS rat hang hai, tich cue tham gia cac hoat dgng xa hgi, the hien su quan tam va san sang hanh dgng cua ban than.Tuy nhien, de co nhixng ke hoach biii hgc nay, GV se mat nhieu thai gian va cong siic khong chi trong thilt k l , chuan bi ke hoach day hpc ma con trong to chirc cac hoat dgng trong va ngoai lop hgc.

Hinh anh thir nghiem giao an Phdng vdn vd trd l&i phdng vdn (Ngii van 11) 6 mgt so lop tren dia ban Ha Npi va Quang Binh trong khuon kho de tai nghien eiiu CDTC Viet N a m (xem Hinh 1).

3. Ket luan

GD C D T C dong vai tro vo cimg quan trgng, mang lai lai ich khong chi cho nguai hgc va con vi lgi ich ctia tat cit

cac qudc gia. Viec GD CDTC cln thiic day theo huong tan dung nhung ngi dung, phuong phap giang day san co, ket hpp mgt each kheo leo, nhirng muc tieu GD C D T C . Viec GD CDTC cln dupc thirc hien mgt each dong bg, thong qua tit ca cac hoat dgng GD, tir ngoai khoa d i n chinh khoa, tu cau tnic cho den npi dung va phuong phap cita hing mon hgc. Su van dung kheo leo vii xuyen suot trong toan bg quy trinh GD se giup cho viec thuc hien GD C D T C thu dugc hieu qua cao.

Trong cac bg mon, dac biet la mon Ngit van co nhieu c a hgi trong viec GD cac ngi dung lien quan den CDTC.

Khong can thiet ke cae bai hpc rieng le, GV co the tieh hgp thong qua viec lira chgn chti de, ngi dung trong cac bai phat triln kT nang, nang lire. GV co the tich hgp thong qua viec cho HS lien he thuc tien, phat bieu suy nghT hoae thong qua viec tan dung cac phuong phap day hpc tich cue nhu dilu tra, phong vin thuc te, vilt bao cao, trinh bay, x u l t ban.

Nhiing hoat dgng nay gnip ngirai hpc khong ehi h i l u va danh gia cao v l cac v i n d l toan c l u ma con tro thanh ngudi tham gia tich cue d l img pho vai mgi thach thirc toan clu.

Tai lieu tham khao

United Nations, Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Goal 4 hHp://www.

un.org/sustainabledevelopment/education/.

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72 TAP CHi KHOA HQC GIAO DIJC VIET NAM

Bui Thi Dign

nhiem vu Gido due Thing hgc ndm hgc 2014 - 2015, so 4099/BGDDT-GDTrH ngay 05 thang 8 nam 2014.

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cua Bp Tmong Bg Giao due va Dao tao,

[10] Bg Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Chucmg uinh Gido due pho thong mdn Ngie vdn. Ban hanh kem theo Thong tu so 32/201S/TT-BGDDTngay 26 thang 12 nam 2018 ciia Bg tnrang Bg Giao dpc va Dao tao.

AN APPROACH FOR GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN TEACHING VIETNAMESE LITERATURE SUBJECT

Bui Thi Dien

Hie Vietnam National Institute of Educational Sciences 52 Ueu Giai, Ba Dinh district, Hanoi, Vietnam Email: buiilien.vgd@gmail com

ABSTRACT: The trend of globalization has Increased the dependence and linkages among all nations. Global citizenship and global citizenship education become one ofthe important educational goals. Global citizenship education should be implemented synchronously in all stages from the perspective and policies to the curriculum, plan and educational activities of each subject. Vietnamese literature is considered as a subject with many opportunities in global citizenship education. The approach method needs to be flexible to ensure the feasibility and effectiveness. Teachers can integrate through the selection of topics and content; by choosing positive methods to Increase awareness and action on global issues such as giving students chances to connect with real-life contexts, expressing feelings and thoughts, investigating, conducting field interviews, writing reports, presenting and publishing. These activities will help learners become global citizens, preparing for a better world.

KEYWORDS: Global citizens; global ciiizenship education; Vietnamese literature;

globalization; integrated theme.

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