NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCH . _ " '
Giai phap tai c c cau cac ca s a giao due ngh^ nghi^P a thanh ph6' Ho Chi Minh thoi gian toi
So Lao dong Thuong binh va Xa hoi, Thanh pho Ho CM Minh
Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh la tmng tdm kinh td Idn nhdt cd nude. Gido due nghd nghidp (GDNN) tiidnh phd H6 Chi Minh khdng ehi phue vu nhu cdu ddo tao ddi ngQ lao ddng trdn dia ban thanh phd md cdn cho ed khu vi/c phia Nam vd cd nude. Trude ydu edu phdt tridn kinh te - xa hdi ciia thanh phd hong thdi gian tdi, viec tai co cdu he thdng eo sd GDNN la ydu eau cap thidt. Trong ph^m vi bdi vidt, trdn co sd ddnh gid khdi quat thue trang tdi CO cdu cdc CO sd GDNN d thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh thdi gian qua, tde gid dd xuat mdt sd gidi phdp nhdm thuc hien nhidm vu nay hong thdi gian tdi.
1. Thirc trang tai cor can cac co sa giao due nghe nghiep d thanh pho Ho Chi Minh hien nay
Thdi gian qua, hoat d6ng tdi ca cdu edc co sd GDNN dd dugc chinh quyen thdnh phd vd edc sd, ban, ngdnh quan tam diing miic, da dat dugc nhidu thanh tuu dang ghi nhan. Nganh nghd, linh vuc ddo tcio md rdng ddp irng dugc nhu cdu thi trudng, chat lugng dao tao ea sd GDNN dugc nang len. Md hinh td chtrc, co chd quan ly bao dam khoa hgc, chat ehe thidt Uiuc.
Ngudn Igc tai chinh, co sd vat ehdt, ky thuat ciia ca sd GDNN ngay edng hodn thien, ddp ung nhiem vu ddo tao eac co sd vd nhu cdu phat tri^n kinh te - xa hdi cua thanh phd. Trong qua trinh tdi ca edu cde eo sd GDNN, thdnh phd tap tmng phat tridn 04 nganh e6ng nghiep hgng ydu: Co khi, Didn tii - Cdng nghe thong tin, Che bien luong thue thuc phdm, Hda chdt - Nhua cao su.
Ciing vdi 09 nhdm nganh kinh td dich vu: Tai chinh - Tin dung - Ngan hdng - Bdo hidm, Gido due - Dao tao, Du lich, Y td, Kinh doanh tdi san - Bat ddng san, Dich vu tu vdn, khoa hoe - cdng ngh§, nghidn ciiu va trien khai, Thuong mai, Dich vii van tdi - Kho bai - Dich vu cang, Dich vu buu chinh, vien thdng va cdng nghe thdng tin. Ddng thdi, mot sd nhdm nganh thu htit nhidu lao ddng nhu: Ddt may - Giay da - Thii c6ng my nghe. Marketing, Dieh vu - Phue vu, Xay dung - Kien hiic - Mdi trudng. Cdng tac tmydn Uidng vd tai eo edu hd thdng GDNN duge tang eudng. Tmyen hinh, bao ehi, mang xa hdi da lien tuc dua nhieu thdng tin cap nhdt, dinh hudng hoat ddng GDNN, da tao ndn nhOng hieu irng tieh cue, hd trg kip Uidi cho edng tdc tuyen sinh Vd dao tao tai cae ea sd giao due.
Vdi nhiing nd luc trdn, nam 2018 edc co sd GDNN tren dja bdn thanh phd da tuyen sinh, dao tao duge
482.699 hge sinh, sinh vien. Trong dd he cao ddng cd 46.782 sinh vidn, hd hung cdp cd 29.091 hpc vidn, hd sa cdp 159.900 hgc vidn va dao tao thudng xuydn 246.926 hge vidn. Cung trong nam 2018, tiidnh phd t§p tmng ddo tao 04 ngdnh cdng nghidp hgng ydu cho 38.598 ngudi va 9 ngdnh dich vu ehu yeu dat 248.080 ngudi, eac ngdnh tu do dich chuydn lao dOng hong khdi Asean la 12.069 ngudi.
Chat lugng vd hieu qua GDNN cd budc chuydn bidn tich cue. Ddo tao tiing budc ehuydn tii hudng
"cung" sang hudng "cdu", gdn vdi nhu cdu sii dung lao ddng eiia cdc doanh nghidp, dan vi sii dung lao ddng va eau viec lam ciia thi trudng lao ddng. Thdnh phd da thi didm xdy dung he thdng qudn ly chat lugng d mdt sd hudng cao ddng vdi su hd hg ky tiiudt ciia cdc t6 chiic qudc td nhu: To ehiic Hgp tac phdt hidn Dire, Hdi ddng Anh. Thdnh phd dd tap tmng nang eao chdt lugng dao tao hf ehinh quy hinh dd cao dang, hung cdp d mpt sd linh vue nhu: Dieu dudng, Duge sy, Y si;
cdc nganh nghe trinh dp so cdp, ky nang nghd dudi 03 thdng ddp img nhu cau cua ngudi hgc vd doanh nghiep, gdp phdn gidi quydt viee lam eho lao ddng ciia thanh phd.
Thanh phd da xay dung dd dn sdp xep eo sd GDNN theo hudng day manh xa hdi hod, nang cao chat lugng va hidu qud hoat ddng. Theo chii tnjong ndy, sd ban ehd thanh lap mdi ea sd edng lap, khuyen khich thdnh lap cdc CO sd tu thuc, co sd cd vdn dau tu nude ngoai, gdp phdn huy ddng ngudn luc ngodi ngan sdeh ddu tu phdt trien GDNN. Chii hgng dau tu, phdt tridn cdc co sd GDNN tai cac dia phuang tdp tmng dong ddn cir, ngdnh nghd huydn tiidng. Dpi ngu giao vien edc hudng ed su phdt hien nhanh ca vd sd lugng va ehdt
lugng, tiing btrde khde phgc dugc tinh hang bdt hgp ly vd ca cau nganh nghd ciia nhd gido. Trinh dd chuydn mdn, nghidp vu su pham vd k^^ ndng nghd, trinh dd tin hpc, ngocii ngti ciia nhd giao dugc cai thidn vd tiing budc dirge chuan hda.
Bdn canh nhting thdnh tuu hdn, vi$c tdi ea cau cdc CO sd GDNN d thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh van cdn nhting ban ehe nhdt dinh nhu: ngdnh nghd, linh vuc ddo tao cdn chua da dang; md hinh td chtrc, eo chd qudn ly cdn kdm hidu qua; ngudn lue tdi chinh; ea sd vdt chat, ky thuat vd phan bd chua hgp ly. Vi vay, dd thue hidn tai ca cdu cdc ca sd GDNN dat hidu qud hong thdi gian tdi cdn thuc hien ddng bd, hieu qud nhidu gidi phap.
2. Mot SO giai phap tai cv cau cac C0 sd giao due nghe nghiep o thanh pho Ho Chi Minh thdi gian tdi
Nghi quydt Dai hdi Dai bidu Dang bd thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Idn thii X nhidm ky 2015 -2020 dd xdc dinh rd: "Ddi mdi can bdn, todn didn gido due - ddo tao gan vdi nang cao chdt lugng ngudn nhan lire; tao chuyen bidn manh md vd chat lugng va hieu qua gido dye - ddo tao, ehii hgng ngoai thdnh, cdc qudn ven". Theo dinh hudng chung do, vide tdi co edu eac co sd GDNN tren dia ban phai thue hidn theo hudng ddm bdo vd sd lugng, chat lugng, ngdnh nghe ddo tao; phdn bd hgp ly, phii hgp quy hoach phdt tridn kinh td - xa hdi, gdn vdi cac VLing san xuat cdng nghiep va phan bd dan cu.
cae CO sd GDNN phdi hudng vdo ddo tao ngudn nhdn lue cho edc nganh kinh td vdi chdt lugng ngdy cang cao; hgc sinh, sinh vidn tdt nghidp dat chudn ddu ra eua Cdng ddng kinh td ASEAN.
Thdi gian tdi, d€ ddy manh tdi co eau ea sd GDNN d thanh phd Hd Chi Minh can thuc hidn tdt mdt sd gidi phdp sau:
Mdt Id, ddi mdi va ndng cao hidu luc qudn ly nhd nude vd gido due nghd nghidp d thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh. Day la giai phap quan hgng, tdc ddng Idn ddn tdi CO cau cde co sd GDNN d thdnh phd H6 Chi Minh.
Thdnh phd cdn hoan thidn hd thdng van ban, ddi mdi eo ehd hoat ddng, ddm bdo tang eudng tinh tu ehii ciia CO sd GDNN. xay dung hd thdng quan tri khung hinh dp phu hgp vdi khung tham chieu trinh dd khu vue ASEAN, nham ddm bdo van bdng/chiing chi ciia he tiidng GDNN thanh phd dugc cae nude hong khu vuc cdng nhdn. Xay dung co ehd chinh sach va tai lidu hudng dan thuc hien khung trinh dd qudc gia. Giao quyen tu chii toan didn eho cdc eo sd GDNN v^ td chiic bd mdy, nhan su, tai chinh, td ehiic ddo tao. Co sd GDNN cdng lap dugc phep quydt dinh thanh Idp mdi, Id chiic lai, sdp nhdp, chia, tdeh, gidi Uid ede don vi tiirc thuge. Quy dinh ehtre nang, nhidm vg, quy ehd ho^t ddng ciia cac don vi tare Uiudc bao dam khdng Idm tang kinh phi tir Ngan sach Nha nude, phdt huy hidu qud boat ddng eiia bd mdy. Mat khdc, cdc co sd GDNN duge quydt dinh ve
quy hoach phat trien nhdn su ciia minh, dugc quydt dinh vi tri vide Idm, co cdu vien chiic tiieo chiic danh nghd nghiep, sd lugng ngudi Idm viee phfi hc^ voi chiic nang, nhiem vu, duge tuydn dung, sii dung, bd nhiem, mien nhiem, khen thudng, ky luat vd qudn I^ vien ehiic, ngudi lao ddng.
Xdy dung, ban hdnh che dd idm viec eiia nha giao d edc CO sd GDNN. Chd dd tuydn dung, sir dung, boi dudng nhd gido vd co chd chinh sdeh uu dai eho nhd giao de khuydn khich nhd giao ydn tam phdt hidn nghe nghidp. Cd eac quy dinh ve ehe dd chinh saeh ddi vdi ngudi day, can bd lam cdng tac GDNN hong cac lang nghe, trong cac doanh nghidp, don vi sir dung lao ddng.
Hoan thidn chinh sdeh ho trg hge sinh, sinh vien nhu:
Chi'nh sdeh hpc bdng, hg cap xa hdi; tin dung hpc sinh... Chii y chinh saeh eho cde ddi tugng uu tien nhu:
ngudi nghdo, ngudi khuyet tat, lao ddng mdt ddt, lao ddng ndng thdn, phu nii, b6 dpi xudt ngu, edng an xuat ngu, thanh nien hoan thdnh nhidm vu tham gia edc chuong trinh phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi, cae ddi tugng chinh sach khae va nganh nghd dac thti. Quy dinh mtrc luong tdi thieu theo cap tnnh do ddo tao vd cdc bdc trinh dd ky nang nghd qudc gia, cd ehinh sdeh hd trg ehi phi ddnh gid ky nang nghd eua ngudi lao ddng. Tiep tuc ddi mdi, hoan thidn vd thdo gd edc khd khan, vudng mdc trong vide xa hdi hda nhat la eac chinh sdeh uu dai ve ddt dai, thue, tin dung nhdm khuydn khich, huy ddng cde thdnh phdn kinh td trong vd ngodi nude Uch cue tham gia ddu hi phdt hien GDNN.
Hai Id, hodn thien quy hoach mang ludi, doi mdi chuong trinh, to chiic va danh gia ket qud ddo tao d ca sd giao due nghd nghidp. Ddy Id giai phap dac bidt quan trgng, tdc ddng Idn den tdi ca cau edc ea sd GDNN d thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh. De hodn thidn quy hoaeh mang ludi co sd GDNN phdi tidn hdnh rd sodt quy hoaeh mang ludi co sd GDNN tren co sd quy hoach ddi han phat tridn ngudn nhdn lue, du bdo nhu cau vd sd lugng, chat luang nhan luc, eo eau nganh, nghd, hinh dd ciia thanh phd. Sat nhdp, gidi thd cdc eo sd cdng lap boat ddng khdng hidu qud, ddm bdo hgp ly vd ca cdu trinh do dao tao, nganh, nghe ddo tao va tidu chi sdt nhdp, gidi the do Bd Lao ddng Thuong binh va xa hdi ban hanh. Thuc hidn giam dau mdi eac tmdng tmng cap, chuydn cdc tmng tdm GDNN, hudng tmng cap cd nang lue yeu thdnh vd tinh ciia cdc trudng eao ddng. Khuyen khich cdc trudng cao ddng md chi nhdnh tai cdc huydn trdn dia ban thdnh phd.
Thuc hidn ehuydn giao ddng bg 60 bo chuong trinh cdp do qudc te vd td ehire thi diem dao tao tdi thieu mdt Idp mdi nganh/nghe. Nhdn rdng ddo tao edc ngdnh, nghe trpng diem dat trinh do qudc td theo edc bd chuang trinh dd ehuydn giao cho he thdng GDNN.
xay dung ehuong trinh dao tao theo chuan dau ra trdn CO sd tieu chudn nghe qude gia, ed su tham gia ciia
r-LjAii i . X M i l HiNH DUONG (THANQ 4 / ZD ZQ) ^ O
NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCH
doanh nghi§p, don vi sii dung lao ddng. Tich hgp cac ndi dung dao tao mdt edeh hgp ly vd ky nang mdm, ky nang khdi nghidp, dao diie nghd nghiep, an toan lao ddng, bao v$ mdi hudng, quydn eon ngudi, phdng ehdng tiiam nhQng. Tang thuc hanh, van dung kidn thiic vao Uige tidn trong chuong trinh dao tao. Xay dgng ehuong trinh lidn thOng giua cae cdp trinh dd dao t?io hong cOng nganh, nghd hoae vdi eac ngdnh, nghd khac hodc lidn thdng Idn hinh do eao hon trong he thdng gido dye qudc dan, uu Uen lidn thOng giua so edp Idn cdc hinh d<> eao hon.
Ba Id, phdt tridn ddi ngO nha gido, cdn bd qudn \^
ddp ling ydu cdu ddi mdi va ndng cao ehdt lugng giao due nghd nghidp. Giai phap ndy tde ddng hue tiep ddn ddn tdi CO cdu edc ea sd GDNN ciia Uianh phd. M phdt tridn ddi ngu nhd gido, cdn bd quan ly ddp img ydu edu ddi mdi vd ndng cao chdt lugng GDNN d thdnh phd cdn hodn thidn quy hocich mang ludi eac ca sd GDNN. Xdy dgng chuang trinh va td ehiic ddo t^o, bdi dudng chudn hda ddi ngQ can bd qudn ly ciia cdc CO sd GDNN. Huy ddng vd khuyen khich cdc doanh nghidp, ca quan, ngudi sir dung lao ddng, cae CO sd sdn xudt, kinh doanh, dieh vu tham gia vao qua tnnh dao t^o, bdi dudng ky nang cho ddi ngti cdn bg
^
qudn ly eiia co sd GDNN.
Ddi mdi xay dung chuong trinh, tai lidu bdi dudng ky nang nghd eho nha giao day cae nganh, nghe hgng didm qudc gia. Uu tidn nhdn chuydn giao cac ehuong trinh, tai lidu bdi dudng nha gido vd nghidp vu su
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phann vd ky nang nghd tii cde qudc gia phdt tridn. xay dung quy hoaeh, kd hoach ddo tao, bdi dudng dpi ngu nhd gido gdn vdi nhu edu phdt trien kinh td - xa hdi va h0i nhap qudc td; phdn ddu ddn nam 2020, td chiie ddo tao, bdi dudng dd ehudn hda va bdi dudng nang cao nang lue vd trinh dd chuydn mdn, ky nang nghe, nghidp vy su pham, ngoai ngti, tin hgc, ky nSng mem va dugc kidm tra, ddnh gid ky nang thuc hanh nghd, tien tdi tdt cd nha giao gidng day hong cac ea sd GDNN. Tang cudng dao tao, bdi dudng nha gido d eac nude phdt tridn, ap dung chudn ciia cdc nude phdt hidn dd hinh thdnh ddi ngu gido vidn hat nhdn dat chuan qudc td'.Bdn la, tang cudng ddu tu co sd vat chat, trang thidt bi, su tham gia eiia dan vi, doanh nghiep hong boat dpng giao due ngh^ nghiep. Ddy la giai phap quan hgng, tde ddng Idn ddn tdi co edu eac co sd GDNN d Uidnh phd Hd Chi Minh. Cdn tdp tmng ddu tu ea sd vdt chat, thiet bi ngdnh, nghe dd ddp ling chuong hinh ddo tao, dau tu co sd vdt ehdt, thiet bi phu hg eho GDNN (thu vidn, gido due thd chat, nha an, co sd vat chdt, tiiidt bi phue vy boat ddng phong hdo ..). Xay dung phdng hgc da phuong tidn, phdng chuydn mdn hda ling dyng thidt bj thge te do, thidt bj day hgc thudt
va cdc phan mem do md phdng thiet bi day hpc thgc td hong gidng day tai edc co sd GDNN dd gidm bdt ddu tu hang thiet bi (uu tien edc ngdnh, nghd hgng didm qudc gia). Xay dung tiiu vidn di^n tii, hung tdm hpc lieu sd md dd cae co sd GDNN dugc tham gia xay dung va su dung. Khuyen khich edc co sd GDNN phdi hgp vdi doanh nghiep, don vi sii dung lao ddng hong vide sii dung hang thiet bi ciia docinh nghiep phyc vu qud tiinh thuc tap, thue hanh cOa ngudi hpc. Cd ehinh sdeh de doanh nghiep nghidn ciiu vd che tao thidt bi tu lam phue vu day va hge trong eac co sd gido GDNN theo dat hang cua tiidnh phd va cdc ca sd GDNN.
Hodn thidn ca chd, chinh sdeh ddi vdi doanh righidp, don vi sir dung lao dgng tham gia GDNN. Ban hdnh cac chinh sdeh ddi ven edc eo sd GDNN hong doanh nghidp, don vi su dung lao dpng nhat Id edc ca sd GDNN hong cdc doanh nghiep c6 phdn hda ddm bdo su binh ddng gitia GDNN hong doanh nghiep vd co sd GDNN cdng idp. Mien thud cde boat ddng dao tao do doanh nghidp, don vi sii dung lao ddng thuc hien ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng ciia chinh doanh nghiep hoae eho xa hgi. Duge tiiu phi tidp nhan hoc sinh, sinh vien Uiuc tdp tcii doanh nghiep, dan vi sii dung lao ddng, dan vi sir dyng lao d6ng theo nguyen tdc thda thudn vdi co sd GDNN ed hge sinh, sinh vien di thyc tdp-/.
Tai iieu tham i(hao
Dang Cdng sdn Viet Nam (2016), Van kidn Dai h^i Dai bieu toan qudc Idn thii Xll, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ndi.
Dang bd thanh phd Ho Chi Minh (2015), Nghi quydt Dai hpi Dai bieu Ddng bd thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Idn tiiu X nhiem ky 2015 -2020, tiidnh phd Hd Chi Minh.
Sd Lao ddng Thuong binh va Xa hdi, (2012), B^ dn qudn ly eo sd gido dye nghd nghiep d thanh phd Hd Chi Minh den 2030, thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh
Thii tudng Chinh phu, Quydt dinh sd 2631/QD-TTg ngay 31/12/2013 eua Thu tudng Chinh phu vd phd duyet Quy hoaeh tdng the phdt trien kinh td - xa hdi tiianh phd Ho Chi Minh den nam 2020, tdm nhin ddn nam 2025, tiidnh phd Hd Chi Minh.
Quyet dinh sd 3639/QD-UBND ngdy 16/7/2012 ciia Oy ban nhan ddn TP.HCM ve phd duyet De an "Ddo tao nghe cho lao ddng ndng thdn trong linh vue phi nOng nghidp tren dia ban Thdnh phd den nam 2020", tiianh phd Hd Chi Minh.
