NGHIEN CLTU & U N G DUNG
X€t hai hlnh ba dinh (A,B,C) va (A',B',C') trong khong gian x^ anh sao cho c^c du&ng thing AA',BB', CC'IJi khac nhau (hinh 3). Khi do cac duong thSng ay ddng quy Ichi va chi Ichi cdc giao dilm cCia. cdc c§p duemg thang (AB.A'B'), (BCB'C), (CA.C'A') thdng hdng.
Qua tucrng tdc tiiy bien tuang tu nhu trSn, c6 the thdy re nhihig bat bien dugc Ichdng djnh trong djnh li tren.
CdNG NGHE DAY HOC TUDNG TAC AO
GS.TS.NginrSn Xuin Lac Trir&ng Dpi hgc Bdch khoa Ha N^i SUMMARY
In this paper are presented Virtual Interactive Teaching and Learning Technology as well as examples of its application to some subjects of natural and engineering sciences in secondary and higher education
Keywords: Virtual Interactive Teaching and Leaming Technology.
Ngdy nh$n b&i: i/S/2015; Ngdy duyp S&ng: 25/10/2015.
LTS: TrongsS 122 thdng^ 10/2015. Tap chi Thiit bf Gido dvc da giai thi$u phdn 1 Cong ngh^ dgy hgc tucmg tac ao ciia GSTS. Nguyen Xudn Lgc. Trong so nay. Tgp chi tiip tyc giai thi^u bai viet vdi nhiing vi dv cho thdy cong dung va y nghia cua phdn mem trong cong ngh4 dgy hgc tuang tac, khong chi a cac trudng pho thong ma con a cd cdc truang cao d&ng vd dgi hgc.
3.1.4. Vidif
Phdn mSm todn hpc tuang tdc (c6n gpi la todn hpc^ dOng) GeoGebra 5.0 v^ B^\ s6 vd Hlnh h ^ (phdng vd khQng gian) Id mot phin m^m md nguon md (c6 Java Web Start), miln phi, c6 the tai ve tir
"http://en.softonic.eom/s/geogebra-5.0" dl ^gy hpc giap m$t ho$c qua m^ng vcd mdy tinh, kk cd may tlnh bdng (vd phuang ti§n di d^ng khdc), tucmg tdc do theo kieu tr6 chai nghiem tiic. DSy Id phan mem dd dupc dilng trong cdc trudng ph6 thdng va trong cdc ky thi Olympic Co hpc todn quoc, cho mon Nguyen IJ mdy (img dyng Tin hpc). Sd dT n6 duiyc diing nhieu cho cdc vi dy minh hpa b day, Id vi nhiing II do sau;
+ La phan m6m mien phi, tuc Id phuong ti?n ma
ai ciing c6 the c6, ^ + Todn hpc pho th6ng quen thu^c vdi bat ciJr ai
dd tot nghi$p trung hpc,
+ Ld phin mem kilu tro choi, ai cung hpc &\xqz, rat de tuong tdc tdy bien, dl \^o tinh hu6ng thu - sai trong hpc t§p gidp m$t cOng nhu qua m^ng
Vi dy I: Hinh 2 Id giao di^n mo phong pMp chilu xu^en tdm (vdi tdm chieu E) Iln m$t phdng hinh chi6u P', m^t dudng conic xdc djnh bdi 5 dilm F,G,H,I,J, tr6n m$t phdng P (xdc djnh bdi 3 diem A.B.C). T r 6 choi" tuon^ tac the hi?n qua vi?c tOy biln vi tri ciia dudng thdng Dz vd tdm chilu E , vj tri tuong doi giiJa hai m$t phdng P vd P', vj tri cua mOt trong 5 dilm F,...Jl, de bien d6i d^ng conic, dp ddi, g6c, ti s6 don, ti so k6p, v.v..., qua do neu b?t cdc tinh chit dien hinh ciia phep chieu xuyen tdm vd djnh ly Desargues,. ..Id nhftng kien thirc kinh dien ciia Hinh hpc x? anh.
Djnh II Desargues [10]
TAP Oft THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 123-11/2015 • 1
EN cUu & UNG DUNG
Vi dy 2. Vi dy ndy, ngodi myc dfch minh hpa tuong tdc, con chiing t6: mpt phin mim todn hgc ph6 thdng, neu bilt khai thdc, cd thl diing trong day hpc tuong tdc do, cd d bac d^i hpc.
Hinh 4 Id giao di?n mo phdng dpng hinh hpc ca cdu tay quay con trupt khong gian (mon Nguyen ly may, ngdnh Co khi, cdc trudng d^ii hpc cdng nghi?p).
0 ddy, Sli dyng lupc A6 d^ng hinh hpc thuan tuy (khong bilu dien lupc d6 khdp dOng vd con tru0).
Hinh 4
"Tr6 choi" tuang tdc thl hi^n qua vi?c ngudi hpc tOy chpn tdm quay A, thay d6i chilu ddi tay quay AB va thanh truyen BC (bdng slider a,b), tiiy chpn gic djnh vj (y = D IGD) cud gid GD trong m^t phdng Gxz, dilu khiln chuyin dpng ciia dilm B,..., tdt cd dan din sy biln doi tuang ung ci^ quy d^o diem M ndo dd trSn thanh truyln (gpi Id di^ng cong thanh truyln), vgn t6c, gia tic cua con trupt C, khd ndng quay todn vdng ciia khdu AB vd hi^n tupng bat djnh d CO clu tay quay con trupt phdng (y = 0) cdn (AB = BC) chlnh tdm (AG = 0), v.v...
Cdc bdi todn dpng hinh hpc tren ddy, n6i chung, deu c6 tdc dyng giiip ngudi hpc ty tao tinh hulng, t\r d$t vd gidi quylt van de; tuy nhien, cung cd khi g$p nhftng trudng hpp md de phdt bieu ldi gidi dudi dgng tudng minh ndo do cho bdi todn (nhu: phdt bilu dieu ki^n quay todn v6ng ciia khdu n6i gid AB, hode bi$n phdp khd bat djnh cho co cdu lay quay con trupt cdn ABC, trong vi dy 2) can co tu duy sdng tgo d mftc dO nhdt dinh.
3.2. Phuang phdp dgy hpc tmmg tdc Phuong phdp dgy hpc tuong tdc la phuong phdp v§n dyng li lu^n dgy hpc tuang tdc (bO ba nguyin ly, bp ba ling xft,...) vd sft dyng phucmg ti^n dgy hpc tuong tdc, sao cho qud trinh dgy hpc vl co bdn Id qud trinh hpc hudng Idm cfta ngudi hpc. Noi mgt cdch cy thl, dd la phuang phdp:
2 • TAP CHiTHlfTBIGlAODMC-sfi 123-11/2015
Dgy hpc trong moi trudng tuang tdc (dpng lyre) vdi ngirdi hpc la trung tdm, do do cdc phuong phdp day hpc hudng nghiln cim, hgc tgp cgng tdc, v.v..., vdi boi canh giap m§t ho§c qua mgng, ho§c phoi hpp gidp m$t vdi qua mgng. Id nhiing phuong phap thich hpp;
Dgy hpc theo tiep can cdtig ngh? [5], tich hpp iy thuyet vdi th\rc hdnh, hpc bdng Idm (learning by doing), d ddy thyc hdnh va ldm diu c6 the id thgt ho§c do, ho$c phdi hpp that vdi do, tiiy dieu ki?n cy thl cho phip;
3.3. Kp ndng dtfy hgc tucmg tdc Ky ndng dgy hpc tirong tdc la ky ndng su dyng mOt cdch hi§u qud phuong ti|n vd phuong phdp d^y hpc tuong tdc. Nhu dd ndi d trln, qud trinh dgy hgc tucmg tdc vl c0 ban Id qud trinh hpc hudng Idm, cho nin cflng giing nhu ky ndng dgy hgc thyc hdnh, ky ndng dgy hpc tuong tdc ddi hdi ngudi dgy phdi mi^ng ndi tay lam thdnh thgo. Nhdt Id vdi cdc phdn mem tuong tdc kieu tro choi, ngudi hpc c6 thl "thft-sai"
tfty y dl tyr Igo linh huong, ty tim gidi phdp, vd cd thl nlu nhftng cdu hdi md ngudi dgy, nlu thilu kinh nghi|m ho$c thilu ndng lyc ling tdc, khdng thl gidi ddp ngay dugc.
Ky ndng dgy hpc tuong tdc, ddc bift Id tuong tdc do, ddi hdi ngufd dgy phdi cgp nhgt nhftng thdnh tyu mdi ciia cdng ngh| dgy hpc hign dgi, nghla Id bdm sdt nhftng thdnh tiru ciia CNTT&TT trong lmh vyc dgy hpc, md cdng ngh$ ndy phdt triln nhanh nhu thl ndo, thl khong cdn ndi, ai cung biet.
3.4. VM liru p vi cdng ngh^ dgy hgc hifn dgi M^t cdng ngh? dgy hpc chi cd tdc dyng tot Idii dupc sft dyng trong nhftng dilu ki$n hodn todn xdc dinh, theo quan dilm cdng ngh? vd quan dilm h§ thong.
Theo quan diem cdng ngh? [5], [6], tft gidc d^
khd thi vd hi^u qua:
- Co sd dgy hpc phdi cd phuong ti^n (nhu phdng oc, mdy tinh, mgng LAN,....) thich hpp vd dilu kign v ^ hdnh tuong img, ndi mpt cdch khdc Id cd mdi trudng dgy hpc toi thilu cho phep,
- Ngudi dgy phdi cd dd nghe vd tay nghi (phuang ti?n, phuong phdp va ky ndng ve CNTT&TT vd mdn dgy,...) du ^k lam chu qua trinh day hpc, nhu cd the ftng tdc linh hogt trong nhftng tlnh hulng d^t xudt,...
ndi mpt cdch khdc Id c6 cong ngh? dgy hgc t6i thilu cho phip,
- Ngu^ hpc phdi cd hpc li?u thlch hgp vd biet ftng xii ngang tdm vm nhftng thugn lpi do cdng ngh?
dgy hgc hi$n dgi dem lgi, ndi mgt cdch khdc Id c6 cdng ngh| hpc t?p t6i thilu cho phep.
(Xem tiip trang 5)
NGHIEN CUU& UNG DUNG
- Ddm bdo toe dg phft hpp khi chuyin tilp cdc slide, dl mgi ngudi cung nhin rd..
3. Siir dyng phli hgp phutmg pbdp vd PTDH d Tnrdng DHNV H i Npi
Phli hpp tdt cdc phuong phdp va PTDH se gdp phdn tgo nen hifu qud cao trong dgy hpc. Khong cd phuang phdp va PTDH ndo vgn ndng. Moi phuong phdp, PTDH deu cd m$t mgnh vd hgn che nhdt dinh.
Diiu quan trpng Id ngudi gidng viln bilt phat huy thl mgnh cfta phuong phdp vd PTDH ndy bft ddp cho nhihig hgn chl cfta phuong phdp vd PTDH. Vifc sft dyng khio leo vd uyln chuyin eac phuang phdp vd PTDH sg gdp phdn phdt huy tdi da hifu qud cfta chftng.
0 Trudng DH NOi vy Hd NOi, vdi tinh chdt da dgng cua ede ngdnh ddo tgo^ hon nita cdc Idp thudng ddng sinh vien, Ihi vifc lya chpn phuong phdp vd PTDH phft hpp vdi dli tupng ddo tgo Igi edng edn phdi tinh den. Vife ehpn vdn dk thdo lu$n, vi dy, tranh dnh minh hog hay sft dyng PTDH khdng thl khdng tlnh din ylu t l ndy. Dieu cdn luu y trong qud trlnh dgy hpe dd Id, mOt m$t cdn trdnh tinh trgng ldm cho ldp hpc chdn ngdt, buon tl vdi gipng ndi diu diu; m$t khdc khdng nin lgm dyng vifc trlnh chieu qua cdc slide nhu bilu dien chl di cho vui mdt. Nlu Ichdng cd sy phoi hpp sft dyng cdc phucmg phdp vd PTDH da dgng thi vifc sft dyng chuang trlnh Power Point cilng sS tgo nen sy don difu (m|c dii bdn than nd cd tinh hap din di nfta). VI v§y, ngay tft khi sogn 2, Hi^n tnidng D ^ hQc N$i vv Hi N$i cd 28 nganh dao t ^ gdm b§c d^i hpc, cao ding, tning c§p chuySn nghiap, tnmg cap nghi.
bai bin cgnh vifc xic djnh nhifaig nOi dung can tinh din vifc sft dyng cde phuong phdp vd PTDH trong nhftng dilu kifn cy thl. MOt sd thdng tin cdn dupc xem xlt nghiem tfic do Id:
- Quan tam tdi d§c diem doi tugng sinh viln theo tftng Idp, lung nganh hpc.
- Xem xet dieu kifn thyc tl ve mdy mdc, thilt bi dgy hpc cua nhd Irudng trang bj d tftng phdng hgc de lya chgn phucmg tifn dgy hgc.
- Cdn cu vdo nOi dung dgy hgc cy thl dl xdc dinh phuang tifn sl dimg. Trong mdt bdl gidng nOi dung cd nhieu phdn, tuong fing vdi moi phdn cdn dy Itiln vl phuong phap va PTDH se sft dyng.
Tom lgi, PTDH chi mang Igi hifu qud cao khi gidng viln bill sft dyng chung mOt cdch thdnh thgo, linh hogt va tuan thft nhftng nguyin tdc nhdt dinh.
Dilu cdn luu y, myc dich ctia sft dyng PTDH nhdm ho trg de vtfc dgy - hpe dgt hifu qud cao hon, nd khdng thl thay the ngi dung, phuong phdp dgy hgc.
Quylt djnh hifu qua cfia vifc sft dyng PTDH trong h5 hv qua Irinh dgy hpc chfnh Id gidng viln.
Tdi lifa tham khao
1. D$ng Thdnh Hung (2002), Dgy hgc hi^n dgi, Nxb Dgi hgc quic gia, Hd NOi.
2. Le Dftc Nggc (2005), Gido dye dgi hgc - Phuang phdp dgy vd hgc, NXB Dgi hgc qudc gia HdNpi.
3. Phan Trgng Ngg (2005), Dgy hgc vaphuong ph^ dg[y hgc trong nhd trudng, NXB Dgi hpc su
phgm Hd NOi
C O N G N G H E D A Y H O C . . . (tlip,„eo,rang2) Theo quan dilm hf filing: Cdng nghf dgy hpc hifn dgi Id mpt hf thing con trong hf dilng cdng nghf dgy hpc ndi chung, vi the phdi dupc sft dyng trong tuong quan hf thong vdi cdng nghf dgy hgc truyen thong, nghla Id, tfty trudng hpp cy thi, cd thl chpn mdt hay sft dyng kit hpp ca hai, vdi phuong chdm dung lfic, diing eho vd ding dO, de ddm bdo cho qud trinh dgy hpc khdng chi khd thi md cdn hifu qua.
Tdi lifu tham khdo
5. Nguyin Xudn Lgc, Tflng Vdn Hodn (11/2013, t.30-36), Tiep cgn cdng ngh4 trong dgy hgc Ca hgc ung dyng. Kyyiu H^i nghj todn qudc vS Gidng dgy
cdc mon Cahgc. DHSPKT TpHCM,.
6. Nguyen Xudn Lgc (2000 - 2015), Li lugn vd Cong ngh? dgy hgc hi$n dgi, Bdi gidng sau dai hgc.
Vifn SPKT, DHBKHN,.
7. Dftc Uy (1999), Tdm ly hgc sdng tgo. NXB GD.HdNOi,.
8. "Virtual reality", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Virtual_reality
9. "Vfl Huu Tiin, Cong nghf (hyc tgi do ", http://
cdit.ptit.edu.vn/wp-coment/uploads/2014/03/49.- rienVH_Hien-thuc-ao_l 2.3.pdf
10. Ngo Thftc Lanh (chfi biln) 2000, Tu diin todn hgc thdng dyng, NXB GD, Ha NOi.
TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 123-11/2015 • 5
