NGHIEN CQU - TRAO DOI
VAN Di SDA DOI KHAI NIEM MUA BAN HANG HOA QUOC lIlRONG LUAT M O N G MAI D^ GIA NHAP CONG UdC CAA UEN HOP QU6c 4 HOP DONG MUA BAN HANG HOA QUOC l i
C
dng udc cua Lien hop qudc ve hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te nam 1980 (CISG)^'^ ddng vai tro quan trong trong qua trinh thdng nhat luat phap qudc te ve hop ddng mua ban hang hoa. Hien nay, tren the giai da cd 76 qudc gia tham gia Cdng uoc,^^^ trong do nhieu qudc gia la ddi tac kinh te, thuang mai cua Viet Nam nhu: Hoa Ky, Singapore, Phap... Viec gia nhap CISG la ddi hdi kha cap thiet trong dieu kien Viet Nam ngay cang gia tang cac quan he thuang mai qudc te vdi cac qudc gia khac tren the giai. Tuy nhien, de gia nhap CISG thi phap luat thuang mai cua Viet Nam can dugc ra soat ki luorng de siia ddi, bd sung tuong thich vdi cac quy dinh cua CISG, loai bd din nhiing didu khoan chua phii hgp ma khdng thudc trudfng hgp cd the bao luu theo quy dinh tai cac didu 11, 12, 29 va 96 ciia CISG. Mot trong cac quy dinh ca ban, bao triim cin dugc uu tien xem xet la khai niem phap li "mua ban hang hoa qudc te" va "hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te" theo phap luat Vidt Nam tren ca sa tuong thich vai phap luat qudc te.1. Khai niem "mua ban hang hoa quoc te" theo phap luat Viet Nam
Luat thuang mai nam 2005 cd mdt chuang quy dinh ve mua ban hang hoa (Chuang II), trong dd chi cd bay didu luat
D6 MINH ANH*
quy dinh rieng ve mua ban hang hoa qudc te va khdng cd dieu luat nao xac dinh cu the, true tiep ve khai niem va pham vi ndi ham ciia hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te.
Khoan 2 va khoan 8 Dieu 3 Luat thuang mai nam 2005 quy dinh: "Hdng hod bao gdm tdt cd cdc loai ddng sdn, ke cd ddng sdn hinh thdnh trong tuang lai; nhiing vat gdn lien vdi ddt dai"
"Mua bdn hdng hod Id hogt ddng thuang mai, theo do ben bdn cd nghia vu giao hdng, chuyen quyen sd hieu hdng hod cho ben mua vd nhdn thanh todn; ben mua cd nghia vu thanh todn cho ben bdn, nhdn hdng vd quyen sd hieu hdng hod theo thoa thuan "
Quan he mua ban hang hoa dugc xac lap va thue hien thdng qua hinh thiic phap li la hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa. Trudc tien, hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa cd ban chat chung ciia hgp ddng, la sir thoa thuan nham xac lap, thay ddi hoac chim diit cac quyen va nghia vu trong quan he mua ban hang hoa.^^' Mac du Luat thuang mai nam 2005 khdng dua ra dinh nghia ve hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa nhung tren ca sa Dieu 428 Bo luat dan sir nam 2005 quy dinh ve hgp ddng mua ban tai san va khoan 8 Dieu 3 Luat thuang mai nam 2005, chiing ta cd the van dung de riit ra khai
• van phong luat su Di§p Nguyen v^ cpng s\f Doan luat su th^nh phd H^ NQI
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NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI
niem hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa nhu sau:
Hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa la sir thoa thuan giiia cac ben, theo do ben ban cd nghia vu giao hang hoa cho ben mua va nhan tien, cdn ben mua cd nghia vu nhan hang hoa va tra tidn cho ben ban.^'*^ Nhu vay, hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa trong thuang mai la dang cu the cua hgp ddng mua ban tai san trong phap luat dan su (hieu theo nghia rong).
Luat thuang mai nam 2005 ciia Viet Nam ciing khdng quy dinh ve khai niem hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te hoac yeu td qudc te, nude ngoai ciia hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa ma chi quy dinh ve mua ban hang hoa qudc te tai Dieu 27 nhu sau:
"L Mua bdn hdng hod qudc te dugc thue hien dudi cdc hinh thiec xuat khau, nhap khau, tam nhap, tdi xuat, tam xuat, tdi nhap vd chuyen khdu.
2. Mua bdn hdng hod qudc te phdi dugc thue hien tren ca sd hgp ddng bdng vdn bdn hoac bdng hinh thue khdc cd gid tri phdp li tuang duang"
Nhu vay, khoan 1 Dieu 27 Luat thuang mai nam 2005 da liet ke cac hinh thiic cu the ciia viec mua ban hang hoa qudc te, bao gdm 5 hinh thiic:
Xuat khau;
Nhap khau;
Tam nhap, tai xuat;
Tam xuat, tai nhap;
- Chuyen khau.
Tir do cd the suy luan rang hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa quoc te theo phap luat Viet Nam la van ban thoa thuan ciia cac ca nhan, to chiic trong viec xuat khau, nhap khau, tam nhap, tai xuat, tam xuat, tai nhap
va chuyen khau hang hoa. Hai hay nhieu ben tham gia giao dich mua ban hang hoa qudc te - mot loai giao dich dan sir^^^ hoac giao kdt hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te mdt loai hgp dong dan sir^ ^ theo phap luat Viet Nam cd the la ca nhan, td chiic Viet Nam hoac ca nhan, to chiic nuac ngoai; cd nai cu tni hoac tru sdr a Viet Nam hoac nuac ngoai.
Nghia la, theo quy dinh ciia Luat thuang mai nam 2005, hoat dong mua ban hang hoa dugc coi la mua ban hang hoa qudc te khdng phu thuoc vao nai cu tni, tru sa hay qudc tich cua cac ben la Viet Nam hay nude ngoai. Luat thuang mai nam 2005 lay tieu chi van chuyen hang hoa qua bien gidi de xac dinh quan he mua ban hang hoa la mua ban hang hoa quoc te.
Mat khac, Dieu 758 Bg luat dan sir nam 2005 quy dinh: "Quan he ddn su cd yeu to nude ngoai Id quan he ddn su cd it nhdt mot trong cdc ben tham gia Id ca quan, td chiec, cd nhdn nude ngoai, ngudi Viet Nam dinh cu a nude ngoai hoac Id cdc quan he ddn su giiea cdc ben tham gia Id cong ddn, td chdc
Viet Nam nhung cdn cu de xdc lap, thay ddi, cham diet quan he do theo phdp lugt nude ngoai, phdt sinh tgi nude ngoai hoac tdi sdn lien quan den quan he do a nude ngoai" Nhu vay, khai niem "mua ban hang hoa quoc te" vai tu each la boat ddng thuang mai hoac quan he thuang mai theo khoan 1 Dieu 27 Luat thuang mai nam 2005 cd pham vi hep han so vai "mua ban hang hoa cd yeu to nuac ngoai" xuat phat tir khai niem "quan he dan su co yeu td nude ngoai" theo Dieu 758 Bg luat dan sir nam 2005. Can cii quy dinh ve quan he dan s\r cd
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yeu to nuac ngoai tai Dieu 758 Bg lu|lt dan sir nam 2005, chiing ta co thd xac dinh cac diu hieu ciia quan he mua ban hang hoa la
"cd yeu to nuac ngoai" nhu sau:
It nhat mot trong cac ben tham gia mua ban hang hoa la ca quan, td chiic, ca nhan nuac ngoai;
- Cac ben tham gia la cdng dan, td chiic Viet Nam nhung can cii de xac lap, thay ddi, cham diit quan he mua ban hang hoa theo phap luat nuac ngoai;
Hang hoa - ddi tugng mua ban d nuac ngoai.
Trong khi do, "mua ban hang hoa qudc td" theo Luat thuang mai nam 2005 chi can cii vao tieu chi duy nhat la hang hoa dugc van chuyen qua bien gidi.
Ve nguyen tic, Bg luat dan su vai tu each la luat "gdc" se cd hieu lire ap dung ddi vai cac boat ddng thuang mai chua dugc dieu chinh bdi Luat thuang mai. Theo khoan 3 Dieu 4 Luat thuang mai nam 2005, "Hogt dong thugng mgi khdng dugc quy dinh trong Lugt thugng mgi vd trong cdc lugt khdc thi dp dung quy dinh cua Bg lugt ddn su". Mac dti vay, hai thuat ngir phap li "qudc te" va
"yeu td nuac ngoai" hien nay van dang tdn tai song song trong he thdng phap luat Viet Nam va cd su khac biet ve noi ham. He qua 1^ khai ni?m "mua ban hang hoa qudc td"
cua Luat thuang mai nam 2005 (mot trong nhimg luat chuyen biet) da dugc xay dimg khdng thdng nhit vdi nguyen tic xac djnh
"ydu td nuac ngoai" cua Bg luat dan s\r nam 2005 (luat "gdc").
2. Khai niem "mua ban hang hoa quoc te" theo phap luat Viet Nam chu-a tu-ong thich vol CISG
Mac du CISG khdng quy dinh vd khai niem hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te nhung Didu 1 cua CISG da gian tiep xac dinh pham vi cua hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa quoc te nhu sau:
"L Cong udc nay dp dung cho cdc hgp ddng mua bdn hdng hod giiea cdc ben co tru sd thugng mgi tgi cdc qudc gia khdc nhau.
a. Khi cdc qudc gia nay Id cdc qudc gia thdnh vien cua Cdng udc hoac,
b. Khi theo cdc quy tdc tu phdp qudc ti thi lugt dugc dp dung Id lugt ciia nude thdnh vien Cdng udc nay.
2. Su kien cdc ben co tru sd thuang mgi tgi cdc qudc gia khdc nhau khdng tinh din neu su kien nay khdng xudtphdt tic hgp ddng, tie cdc mdi quan he da hinh thdnh hoac vdo thdi diem ki hgp ddng giiea cdc ben hoac Id tie viec trao ddi thdng tin giiea cdc ben.
3. Qudc tich ciia cdc ben, quy che ddn su hoac thuang mgi ciia hg, tinh chdt ddn su hay thuang mgi ciia hgp ddng khdng dugc xet tdi khi xdc dinh phgm vi dp dung ciia
Cdng udc nay "
Nhu vay, theo quy dinh tai Dieu 1 ciia CISG thi yeu td qudc te cua hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te dugc xac djnh bdi mdt yeu td duy nhat la tru sdr thuang mai ciia cac ben phai dat tai cac quoc gia khac nhau ma khdng phu thuoc vao dia diem ki ket hgp ddng va Cling khdng xet den viec hang hoa cd dugc djch chuyen qua bien giai hay khdng. Qua do chiing ta thay ro sir khac bif t giira khai nifm mua ban hang hoa qudc te theo Luat thuang mai nam 2005 va CISG.
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Ngay ca khi Viet Nam chua gia nhap CISG thi can cii Didu 1.1 (b) da vien din or tren, CISG van cd hieu lire ap dung doi vdi cac hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te cd thuang nhan Viet Nam tham gia trong trudng hgp theo cac quy tic tu phap qudc te thi luat dugc ap dung la luat cua nuac thanh vien CISG ki hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa vai Viet Nam.^'^ Vi vay, sir khdng thong nhat vd ndi ham khai niem hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te se gay ra khd khan va nhiing each hidu khac nhau trong qua trinh ap dung cac quy pham phap luat dieu chinh vin dd mua ban hang hoa qudc te cd thuang nhan Viet Nam tham gia.
Khai niem hgp dong mua ban hang hoa qudc td la can cii quan trgng de xac dinh nhimg hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa nao cd thuang nhan Viet Nam tham gia dugc ap dung theo cac quy dinh phap luat ve hgp ddng hang hoa qudc te ndi chung va CISG ndi rieng. Trudc day, trong Luat thuang mai nam 1997 (da het hieu lire) cd dinh nghia ve
"hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa vai thuang nhan nuac ngoai" Thuat ngir "hgp ddng mua ban hang boa vai thuang nhan nuac ngoai" khdng phu hgp vai CISG. Le ra khi ban hanh Luat thuang mai nam 2005 thay the Luat thuang mai nam 1997 thi dinh nghia hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa vai thuang nhan nuac ngoai phai dugc thay thd bang dinh nghia hgp dong mua ban hang hoa qudc te nhung trong Luat thuang mai nam 2005 lai khdng c6 dinh nghia nay. Khoan 1 Dieu 27 Luat thuang mai nam 2005 chi neu ra cac hinh thiic mua ban hang hoa qudc td va khoan 2 Dieu 27 quy dinh "mua bdn
hdng hod qudc ti phdi dugc thue hien tren eg sd hgp ddng bdng vdn bdn hoac bdng hinh thiec khdc co gid tri phdp li tuang duomg" ma khong de cap hgp dong mua ban hang hoa quoc te. Tu do bugc phai hieu mot each "suy dien" rang hgp dong mua ban hang hoa quoc te la van ban hoac hinh thiic tuong duang van ban ghi nhan noi dung thoa thuan giira cac ben ve viec mua ban hang hoa cd yeu to quoc te. Tuy nhien, yeu td qudc te do ciing khong dugc chi ra mdt each ro rang trong khoan 1 Dieu 27 Luat thuang mai nam 2005. Trong Luat thuang mai nam 2005 khdng co nhung quy dinh cu the ve hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te nhu:
khai niem, phan loai, noi dung ca ban, thii tuc giao ket, dieu kien c6 hieu luc...
Viec xac dinh pham vi cua boat ddng mua ban hang hoa quoc te bang each liet ke ra cac hinh thiic ciia mua ban hang hoa qudc td tai khoan 1 Dieu 27 Luat thuang mai nam 2005 khien cho khai niem mua ban hang hoa qudc te trdr nen bi ban che, hep lai so vdi quy dinh tai Dieu 758 Bg luat dan sir nam 2005 va khdng ro rang:
Khai niem mua ban hang hoa qudc te hep Of cho: Neu can cii theo khoan 1 Dieu 27 Luat thuang mai nam 2005 thi mua ban hang hoa qudc te bao gdm 5 hirih thiic: xuat khau, nhap khau, tam nhap - tai xuat, tam xuat - tai nhap va chuyen khau. Nghia la theo Luat thuang mai Viet Nam thi yeu to qudc te cua mua ban hang hoa quoc te chi nam a dieu kien van chuyen hang hoa qua bien gidi ma khong xem xet den tru sa thuang mai ciia cac chu the tham gia quan he mua ban hang hoa qudc td. Dieu nay ciing chua phi hgp vdi
TAP CHi L U A T HOC SO 9/2011
NGHIEN CQU - TRAO DO!
CISG bdi le CISG quy dinh pham vi ap dung dua tren duy nhit mot didu kidn la cac ben cd tru sd thuang mai a cac qudc gia khac nhau.
Khai niem mua ban hang hoa qudc td khdng ro rang vd mat ngon tir thd hien a cho:
Khoan 1 Didu 27 Luat thuang mai nam 2005 neu ra cac hinh thiic mua ban hang hoa qudc td nhu: "xuat khiu, nhap khiu, tam nhap, tai xuat, tam xuit, tai nhap va chuydn khau".
Nhu vay, tdng cdng cd 7 hinh thiic mua ban hang hoa qudc te. Tuy nhien, theo cac didu khoan giai thich cu thd (cac didu 28, 29 va 30 Luat thuang mai nam 2005) thi thue chit
"tam nhap, tai xuat" la "tam nhap" di kem vdi
"tai xuit" va "tam xuit, tai nhap" la "tam xuat" di kem vdi "tai nhap". Kdt qua la chi cd 5 hinh thiic mua ban hang hoa qudc td: xuat khau, nhap khau, tam nhap tai xuit, t?im xuat - tai nhap va chuyen khau. Le ra hai dau
"," trong khoan 1 Dieu 27 phai thay bing diu
"-" thi mdi dam bao dien dat chinh xac ve cac hinh thiic cua mua ban hang hoa quoc te.
Mat khdc, tren thue te cd nhieu boat dgng mua ban hang hoa qudc te ma thuang nhan Viet Nam tham gia nhung khdng can cd yeu td xuit khiu, nhap khiu nhu khoan 1 Didu 27 Luat thuang mai nam 2005 quy dinh.
Lien quan den dinh nghia "chuyen khau", Dieu 30 Luat thuang mai nam 2005 quy dinh: "Chuyin khdu hdng hod Id viec mua hdng tit mgt nude, vung lanh thd de bdn sang mqt nude, viing lanh thd ngoai lanh thd Viet Nam md khdng ldm thu tuc nhap khdu vdo Vi$t Nam vd khong ldm thu tuc xuat khdu ra khdi Viet Nam" 6 day chiing ta hinh dung co s\r tham gia cua ba ben thuang nhan, trong dd co mot thuang nhan co tru sa thuang mai hoac nai cu tni or Viet Nam ding
ra mua hang hoa cua thuang nhan d nuac xuit khiu ban cho thuang nhan d nude nhap khau. Tuy nhien, Didu 30 Luat thuang mai nam 2005 lai khdng xac dinh ro thuang nhan cd noi cu tni hoac tru sd thuang mai tai Viet Nam la ngudi thirc hien viec mua hang t i mot nuac hoac vung lanh thd dd ban sang nuac khac hoac vung lanh thd khac ngoai Viet Nam. Neu mot thuang nhan qudc tich Viet Nam cd tru sdr hoac noi cu tni d chinh tai nuac xuit khiu ngoai Viet Nam tien hanh mua hang hoa cua thugng nhan khac cQng d nuac xuat khau va ban hang hoa sang nude nhap khau ngoai Viet Nam thi lieu cd dugc coi la "chuyen khau" trong khi quan he mua ban hang hoa nay khdng he cd lien quan ddn qudc gia thu ba la Viet Nam? Vin dd chuydn khau chi nen dat ra khi thuang nhan Viet Nam hoac thuang nhan nude ngoai cd hien dien thuang mai tai Viet Nam dung ra mua hang hoa t i nuac xuat khau de ban cho nuac .nhap khau ngoai Viet Nam. Quy dinh tai
Luat thuang mai nam 2005 da khdng dien dat ro dieu nay din den each hieu la bat ki thuang nhan nao thue hien viec mua hang hoa ngoai lanh thd Viet Nam ma khdng lam thu tuc nhap khau vao Viet Nam va khdng lam thu tuc xuat khau ra khdi Viet Nam thi deu dugc coi la chuyen khau.
Hien nay, Luat thuang mai nam 2005 quy djnh hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te phai dugc the hien bang van ban hoac bang hinh thue khac cd gia tri phap li tuong duang (dien bao, telex, fax, thdng diep dii lieu).^*^ Trong khi Dieu 11 cua CISG quy dinh: "Hgp ddng mua bdn khdng cdn phdi dugc ki ket hoac xdc nhdn bang.vdn ban hay
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phdi tuan thu mdt yeu cdu ndo khdc vi hinh thiec cua hgp ddng. Hgp ddng co thi dugc chung minh bdng mgi cdch, ke cd nhUng lai khai ciia nhdn chung" Vi qudc gia thanh vien cua CISG c6 thd can cu Didu 12 va Didu 96 cua CISG dh tuyen bd bao luu quy dinh nay nen didm khac biet vd hinh thue hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa giiia Luat thuang mai nam 2005 va CISG se khong phai la tra ngai ddi vai Viet Nam khi gia nhap Cdng uac. Tuy nhien, vin de dat ra la cd nen bao luu quy dinh vd hinh thue hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa khi ma boat dgng mua ban hang hoa qudc te diin ra rat da dang va rat nhieu thoa thuan mua ban hang hoa dugc the hien bang hanh vi cu the.
3. Mot so kien nghi
T i nhung phan tich neu tren, tac gia xin dua ra de xuat nhu sau:
3.1. Cin xay dung, sua ddi he thdng khai niem "mua ban hang hoa", "mua ban hang hoa qudc te" va "hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te" cua Luat thuang mai nam 2005 sao cho tuang thich vdi cac quy dinh cua CISG va tren ca sd dinh nghia "hgp ddng mua ban tai san"
va "quan he dan sir c6 yeu td nuac ngoai" cua Bg luat dan su Viet Nam. Yeu td "quoc te"
cua mua ban hang hoa va hgp dong mua ban hang hoa can dugc xac dinh can cu vao dieu kien tru sd thuang mai cua cac ben tham gia quan he mua ban hang hoa a cac qudc gia khac nhau, thay vi can cu vao dieu kien dich chuyen hang hoa qua bien gidi (xuit khiu, nhap khiu) nhu quy dinh tai khoan 1 Didu 27 Luat thuang mai nam 2005 nhu hien nay.
3.2. Mua ban hang hoa quoc te can dugc dinh nghia nhu sau: "Mua ban hang hoa
qudc te la mua ban hang hoa dugc thue hien giiia ben ban va ben mua co tru sa thuong mai a cac quoc gia khac nhau"
Hgp dong mua ban hang hoa quoc te can dugc dinh nghia nhu sau: "Hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc td la sir thoa thuan y chi giira cac thuang nhan co tru sdr thuang mai dat d cac quoc gia khac nhau, theo do mot ben ggi la ben ban co nghia vu giao hang va chuydn quydn sa hiru hang hoa cho mot ben khac goi la ben mua va nh|n thanh toan; ben mua cd nghia vu thanh toan cho ben ban, nhan hang va quydn sa hiiu hang hoa theo thoa thuan".
3.3. Mot van de lien quan true tiep den khai niem "hgp dong mua ban hang hoa qudc td" la hinh thue ciia hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc td. Nhu da phan tich, mot qudc gia thanh vien CISG cd thd tuyen bo bao luu Didu 11 cua Cong uac nay. Mac du vay, Viet Nam nen chuan bi sua ddi quy dinh vd hinh thue hgp dong mua ban hang hoa qudc te sao cho phu hgp vai CISG (ma khong nhit thidt phai bao luu) ddng thdi thdng nhit vdi hinh thue cua cac loai hop ddng khac theo quy dinh phap luat Viet Nam. Cu thd la: "Hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te dugc giao ket bang Idri ndi, bang van ban, bang cac hinh thue khac cd gia tri phap li tuomg duang van ban (dien bao, telex, fax, thong diep du lieu) hoac dugc xac lap bing hanh vi cu thd". Thuat ngu: "hanh vi cu the" da dugc su dung tai Didu 401 cua Bo luat dan sir nam 2005. "Hanh vi cu thd" dugc hidu la nhiing viec lam thirc td, xac thue, c6 thd nhan biet dugc bang giac quan hay hinh dung dugc dl dang,^'^ the hien ro rang y chi cua mot ben ve sir thoa thuan vai ben cdn lai. Vi du: Hanh vi cua mot ben giao hang
TAP CHl LUAT H O C S O 9/2011
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hoa, nhan thanh toan va mot ben nhan hang hoa, thanh toan ma chua co thoa thuan bing van ban ve chat lugng hang hoa, gia ca, phuang thiic thanh toan va cac dieu khoan, dieu kien khac. Ndu hinh thiic xac lap hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc td "bing hanh vi cu the" dugc chap nhan thi Luat thuang mai nam 2005 ciing can bd sung them dieu khoan giai thich the nao la "hanh vi cu thd"
trong mua ban hang hoa qudc te.
3.4. Ngoai ra, de ddng bg vdi viec sira ddi khai niem "mua ban hang boa qudc te" va
"hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te" trong Luat thuang mai nam 2005 thi mot sd quy dinh cu the cd lien quan den linh vuc nay ciing can dugc siia ddi, bd sung nhu: giao ket hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te, cac dieu khoan ca ban ciia hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te, trach nhiem phap li do vi pham hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te...
Mua ban hang hod qudc te cd nhieu diem dac thu nen ngoai nhimg quy dinh phap luat dugc ap dung chung cho hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa da cd trong Luat thuang mai nSm 2005, cin cd nhdm cac quy pham rieng biet dd didu chinh loai hgp ddng nay. Ciing cd y kidn cho rang viec xay dimg, bd sung cac quy djnh neu tren la khdng thirc sir cin thidt vi da dugc tdn tai trong CISG. Tuy nhien, vai thirc trang cac van ban phap luat cua Viet Nam vd ITnh vuc nay cdn thieu, dSc biet la Luat thuang mai nam 2005 chua chira dung nhung quy pham phap luat du de tao ra khung phap li cho boat dgng mua ban hang hoa qudc te; do vay vi?c ngi luat hoa de gia nhap CISG la cin thiet.
Tdm lai, khai ni?m mua ban hang hoa qudc td theo phdp luat Vi?t Nam chua tuong
thich vdi pham vi ap dung ciia CISG se dan den sir thieu thdng nhat trong qua trinh ap dung phap luat dieu chinh hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc td cd thuang nhan Viet Nam tham gia. De gia nhap cac dieu uac qudc td cd lien quan, Viet Nam can sua ddi, bd sung, hoan thien mot each ddng bg cac quy pham tu phap qudc te, dac biet la trong ITnh vuc thuang mai qudc te. Khai niem mua ban hang hoa qudc te va hgp ddng mua ban hang hoa qudc te la mot trong nhiing van de ca ban nhat can nghien ciiu hoan thien de lam CO sd ndi luat hoa cac quy dinh cua CISG, bd sung vao he thdng quy pham phap luat dieu chinh ITnh vuc mua ban hang hoa qudc te cua Viet Nam./.
(1). C6ng udc ciia Lien hgp quoc ve hgp ddng mua bdn hdng hoi qudc t^ nam 1980 (1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods)
(2). Tham khao "Bieu do cdc nude tham gia Cong udc Vien", http://trungtamwto.vn/vandedacbiet/cong- uoc-vien/cac-nuoc-tham-gia-cong-uoc-vien
(3). Theo Dieu 388 Bp lu|t dan sv ndm 2005.
(4). Khai ni§m hdng hod dd dugc neu tai khoan 2 Dieu 3. Xem: Luat thuang msii ndm 2005.
(5). Giao djch dan su Id hgp ddng hodc hdnh vi phap If don phuang ldm phat sinh, thay doi hodc chdm dut quySn, nghTa vy dan svr (Dieu 121 Bo luat dan sir ndm 2005).
(6). Hgp ddng dan s\r Id s\r thoa thuan giira cdc ben vS vif c xdc l^p, thay ddi hodc cham dut quySn, nghTa vu dan su (Digu 388 Bg luat dan s^r ndm 2005).
(7). Theo EP Legal vd VCCI, Vift Nam tham gia Cong udc Vien 1980 ve mua ban hdng hod quoc te (CISG) Lgi ich vd han ch6, http://www.eple gal.com. vn, tr. 16.
(8).Xem: Khoan 2 DiSu 27 vd khoan 15 Dieu 3 cua Luat thuong m?ii ndm 2005.
(9).Xem: TCr diSn tiSng Vi?t, http://www.inform atik.uni-leipzig.de/~duc/Dict/
TAP CHi LUAT HOC S 6 9/2011
