KiTr i}M SCHIKM <:ffll KHOA H0€
BlTdfC D A U N G H I E N cufu CONG NGHE CHE TAO LOfP CAO SU KIN KHI TRONG LOP MAY BAY BOfM Htfl KHONG CO S A M
LE CONG AN, NGUYEN QUANG HAO, LE VAN Cl/CiNG, DAO CHI LANG, TRAN TH| NGA, DAO ANH TUAN, N G U Y I N IVIANH LAN'
N G U Y I N HiJU DOAN, LE DJNH CUONG' Wdng ty Co phan Cao su Sao ving, Hi Npi
^Vi$n Ky thuat Phdng khdng - Khdng quin, Quin chung Phdng khdng - Khdng quin
SUMMARY
Preliminary study on the technology for manufacturing the innerliner of the aircraft tubeless pneu- matic tires.
The preliminary study on the technology for manufacturing the innerliner of the aircraft tubeless pneumatic tires has been carried out. The research results show that the use of halobutyl rubber comn- bined with natural rubber in manufacturing the innerliner of the aircraft tubeless pneumatic tires could greatly improve the physico-mechanical properties as well as the impermeability to gas and moisture of the tires. The Sao Vang Rubber Joint Stock Company is the first company in Vietnam that has pro- duced the aircraft tubeless pneumatic tires size 610 x 185 using the above-mentioned blend material.
These tires had been successfully tested both in laboratory and in practice by the Vietnam Air Force Defence Service, that meets all the requirements of L-39 Airplane.
\. M d DAU
TQ nhQng nam 60 cua the ky trude, Ifl'p xe bdm hoi khflng co sam (Ifl'p khflng sam) dupc cac nude ble My sQ dpng rflng rai. Cho den nay, Ifl'p khflng sam da dupc nhieu hang Ifl'p trgn the gidi sin xult, dac bigt la Ifl'p may bay phpc vp trong nganh quan sp nhu;
Michelin (Phap), Goodyear (My), Dunlop (My), Bridge- stone (Nhat), Jaroslav(Nga), Barum (Tigp khlc), Threerings (Trung Qufl'e)... Do ed mflt sfl tign ich hon so ydi Ifl'p cd sam nhu; Ifl'p va sam la mflt td hpp thanh pham, an toan khi sQ dpng (khflng cln phai thay Ifl'p ngay sau khi Ifl'p bj xl hoi); ap suit bdm hoi trong Ifl'p on djnh, tang kha nang chju tai, tang tudi thp, tang dfl ben cua Ifl'p; giam tieu hao xang dau, trpng lupng Ifl'p nh? hon, Ifl'p cd dfl can blng tfl't, r l t phu hpp cho sQ dpng d tfl'c dfl cao.,,
Sp khac bigt chfnh giQa ket clu ciJa hai loai Ifl'p trgn la Ifl'p khflng sam dupe diing mflt Idp cao su (CS) d$c bigt cd khi nang kin khf cao {innerliner) thay the cho sam de dam bio giQ ap suit trong khoang giQa ifl'p va
tang trfl'ng dn dinh trong qua trlnh sQ dpng va bio vg cac Idp cfl't Ifl'p, Idp CS mat Ifl'p khflng bj dfl I m tham thiu lam giam dfl ben lign kdt giOa cac Idp vat ligu trong Ifl'p, Ldp CS nay cd chieu day khoang 2,0-2,5mm va bao phu kin trong idng ifl'p, ddng thdi lign kg't chic chin vdi Idp bd (carcass) phia trong ciJa Ifl'p tao thanh td hpp Ifl'p thanh phlm, rat thuan tign khi sQ dpng, Ngudi ta thudng diing CS halobutyl (clobutyl va brom- butyl) va vat ligu blend cua cae loai CS nay vdi cao su thien nhign (CSTN) hoac CS tdng hpp khac de chd tao ldp CS djc bigt cd khi nang kin khf cao nay. Tuy nhien den nay, cac cflng trlnh nghien cQu ve loai vat ligu nay khflng nhieu va chl cflng bd dudi dang cac sang chd (patent) [1-5],
Trong cong trlnh nay chung tfli trinh bay mflt sd kdt qua budc dau nghien cQu cflng nghg chd tao Idp cao su kin khf trong Ifl'p may bay bdm hoi khflng co sam quy each 610 X 185.
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IL PHAN THi;C NGHIEM 1. Nguyen li^u va che'tao vat li^u
a) San pham mSu
Lfl'p may bay khflng sam quy each 610 x 185 dung cho may bay L39 do nudc Nga chd tao va ifl'p do Cflng ty Cd phan Cao su Sao vang hpp tac vdi Vign Ky thuat Phdng khflng - Khflng quan (Ifl'p Vigt Nam) chg tao.
b) Nguyen lieu v^ hoa chat
- CS clorobutyl (ExxonMobil), brombutyl (Lanxess), RSS 1 (Vigt Nam).
- Cac chat phfl'i hpp khac: Than den N 660, axit stearic, oxit kem, luu huynh, chit xuc tien, chit trp cflng nghg... la cac san pham thUdng mai eija cae hang khac nhau.
c) Vat lieu blend co thanh phan khac nhau (Bing 1)
Dupc che tao theo phuong phapean trfln blng may can 2 trpc thflng thudng cho mlu trong phdng thf
nghigm va blng may luygn kfn cho mlu san xuat. Cac dieu kign luu hda cung nhu tfnh chit cd ly cua vat ligu dupc tap hpp trong Bing 1.
2. Phifrfng phap nghiSn cvCu
a) Xac djnh dfl giam ap suit bdm hdi trong ldp (dfl kfn khf) cua ifl'p may bay khflng sam, Ifl'p mlu do nudc Nga va Ifl'p Vigt Nam chd tgo blng thidt bj do ap suit theo tigu chuan ASTM F1112-06a va tigu chuln quan SQ TQSB do Quan chung Phdng khflng - KhOng quan ban hanh.
b) Xac djnh tfl'c dp luu hda cija hfln hpp CS blng may do diem luu hda Rheometer theo JIS K6300-94.
Xac dinh dfl bdn keo dOt, dfl dan dai keo dOt blng may do dfl bdn kgo (tensile strength) theo TCVN 4509-88.
ThQ dfl ben chju nhigt dfl cao blng phUdng phap gia hda nhanh trong tu say theo TCVN 2229-77. xac djnh dfl bdn kdt dfnh cua hfln hpp CS kfn khf vdi v l i manh cfl't Ifl'p blng may do dfl bdn keo theo TCVN 1596-88.
m . KET QUA VA THAO LU^N 1. Nghien ctfu che tao \6p kin khi thay sSm
trong lop may bay khdng s^m tr§n ccf sd CS halobutyl
CS halobutyl la CS tdng hpp cd dac tinh uu vigt la tinh kin khi cao, thudng sQ dpng cho cac sin pham s3m, Idp kin khf thay sam trong Ifl'p bdm hdi khflng cd sam hoac cac san phlm ygu clu cd dfl thlm khf thlp.
Dfl kfn khf da dQpc xac djnh trong hfln hpp CS cao hdn tQ 9 - 13 lln so vdi cac loai CS thflng dpng nhU: CS styrenbutadien (SBR), CS ethylenpropylen (EPDM) va CS thign nhign... Ngoai tinh kfn khf cao, CS halobutyl cdn cd khi nang chju nhigt dfl eao, chju oxi hoa tfl't va khi nang kdt hpp tdt vdi cac loai CS thflng dpng khac.
Dudi day la mflt sd kdt qui thf nghigm hfln hpp CS diing cho ldp kfn khf trong Ifl'p may bay.
Bing 1: KS't qua tfnh nang cd ly ciia hdn h^p CS kfn khf (innerliner)
(Hdn h^p CS vdi than den BOptI, hg chit lUu hoa 5-8ptl, chat hS tr^ c6ng nghg 15-19ptl) Ki hi|u hfin hgfp cao su
Cao su chlorobutyl, ptl*
Cao su bromobutyl, ptl Cao su thign nhien RSS1, ptl Thdi gian li/u h6a-TC90 d IGO'C, min An to4n c6ng ngh§ 6 125°C, min
A - 100
-
12,6 24,5
B - 50 50 16,9 13,0
C 100
- -
10,4 25,2
D 70 - 30 15,7 12,2
E 50 - 50 13,8 28,3 Gdc tinh nang ccf ly
Oo ben keo diJt.MPa Dan dk\ Mo a(s\.,%
H§ se'gii h6aa 125''C x 24h Dp ket dinh vdi vai cot I6'p, N/mm H§ srftha'm khf**, mV'N-'
9,9 905 0,85 17,5 2,25x10"
13,5 640 0,68 29,3 8,2x10""
9,2 868 0,82 14,3
10,7 510 0,69 15,8
12,7 615 0,65 18,9 7,8x10"
Ghi chu: ' ptl: Phin trpng lupng.
* * H§ s(5' tha'm khi: Thl nghipm tai Vipn nghien cdu cao su Malaysia.
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Nghien cQu tfl'c dfl luu hda mlu hfln hpp CSbIng may Rheometer cho thly: Cac mlu eao su phfl'i hpp vdi CSTN (B, D va E) ed thdi gian luu hda TC 90 d leO^C dao dflng tQ 13.8' den 16.9'. Thdi gian luu hda nhu tren hoan toan phii hpp vdi qua trinh luu hda Ifl'p va dam bao lien ket tfl't vdi Idp vai manh cfl't Ifl'p. Cac mlu diing hoan toan cao su tdng hpp halobutyl (A va C) the hign thdi gian luu hda tdi sdm hdn, lam suygilm tinh lien ke't giQa eao su kfn khf va vai manh cfl't Ifl'p.
Dfl an toan cflng nghg bieu hign d cae mlu thf nghigm dao dflng tUdng dfl'i Idn, tQ 12.2' (D) den 28.3' (E). Thdi gian the hign_ cang dai, dfl an toan cflng nghg cang to't, do vay mlu E se phu hpp nhat cho san xuat so vdi cac mlu ngu trgn.
Cac tinh nang cd ly cua hdn hpp cao su binci may thQ dp bgn keojtensile strength) cho thly: Dfl ben keo dot cija cac mlu dao dflng ft, ket qua dat cao nhlt tQ 12,7-13,5 MPa d mlu cd phfl'i hpp vdi 50 phan trpng IQpng CSTN-RSS (B va E). Cac mau cdn lai cd dfl ben keo dQt thlp. Dfl dan dai keo dQt dao dflng Idn, tQ 510% (D) ddn 905% (A). Thflng thQdng, dfl dan dai dfl'i vdi CS sam/CS kin khf dQpc Ipa chpn trong khoing 550% - 650%. Cae kdt qui thf nghigm dfl bdn chju nhigt dfl cho thly cac miu sQ dpng lOOpt] CS halobutyl dat hg sd gia hda cao nhlt, didu dd the hign cao su
halobutyl cd kha nang chju nhigt dfl cao tfl't hdn CSTN.
Dfl ben ke't dinh CS kin khi vdi Idp vai co't ifl'p co dao dflng idn, the hign d CS bromobutyl dat cao hon CS chlorobutyl va cac mlu cd sQ dpng phfl'i hpp vdi CSTN se tfl't hdn la diing hoan toan CS halobutyl. Hg sd tham khi cua cac mlu CS dao dflng Idn, mlu co phfl'i hpp vdi CSTN dat cao hdn, tuy nhien qua kiem tra ap suit trong Ifl'p khi sQ dpng cao su kin khf loai nay, lupng giam ap suit bdm hdi eiJa Ifl'p trong 24 gid so vdi ap suit bdm hoi tigu chuan la 2,4%, tQdng dQdng vdi CUkgl/cm^, hoan toan phii hpp vdi ygu cau sQ dpng ifl'p tren may bay L-39.
Trgn Cd sd cae kdt qua nghign cQu neu tren, chung tfli xac djnh ipa chpn hfln hpp CS cd ki higu E dd dua vao sin xult Ifl'p may bay khflng sam,
2. So sanh dp tha'm khf cua lo'p may bay khong sSm mSu cua Nga va cua Vi^t Nam
Dfl kin khf eua Ifl'p may bay khflng sam mlu do nQdc ngoai chd tao so sanh vdi Ifl'p Vigt Nam dupe xac dinh blng phUdng phap do dfl giam ap suit bdm hdi trong Ifl'p trong cac khoang thdi gian 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 va 30 ngay. Ke't qui dat dupc nhu sau;
Bing 2: DO giam ap suS't theo thdi gian trong IfiTp may bay L-39 quy each 610 x 185 (tfnh blng % so vdi dp suit bOm hoi tifiu chuln 5,5*° kg/cm^)
Thbi gian thl nghiem,
ngdy
1 2 3 5 10 15 20 30
LO'p m i u cija Nga Trong phong
thi nghi§m {01 Id'p)
1,70 3,30 3,30 3,30 3,30 6,60 6,60 6,60
Lip trgn may bay {0216'p)
1,20 2,30 2,30
- 3,50
- - -
LO'p Vi§t Nam (SRC-VKT) Trong phong
thl nghiem {03 iSp)
2,40' 3,50 3,70 3,70 4,00 -
-
Lap tren may bay {02 I6p)
1,25 2,50 2,50
- 4,15
- - - Ghi chu: ' Kit qui thl nghiem trung blnh cua 15 ldp.
cac ke't qui thi nghigm trong Bing 2 cho thly dfl giam ap suit trong thdi gian 24 gid la 0,17% so vdi ap suit bdm hdi tigu chuln, tUdng dUdng vdi ClOkg/cm^.
Trong khi dd Ifl'p Vigt Nam cd dfl gilm ap suit so vdi ap sua't bdm hoi tigu chuln cua ifl'p qui each 610x185
trong 24 gid trung binh la 2,4%, tUdng dUdng vdi 0,14kg/cm2 1^ hoan toan dim bio cho qua trinh sQ dpng, Dfl gilm ap suit nhu trgn nIm trong pham vi sai sd cho phgp cija ap suit bom hdi.
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Anh 1: Lop may bay khOng sSm quy each 610 x 185 do Cong ty Co phSn Cao su Sao van^ h^p tac vdi Vif n Ky thuat Phong khfing - Kh6ng quan che tao,
lap tren may bay L-39 da bay 68 lan chuyen an toan
Anh 2: Ldp may bay khong s^m (]|uy each 610 x 185 che tao lan dau ti^n tren day chuyen cong ngh$ san xuat cua C6ng ty C^ phdn Cao su Sao vang
IV. KET LU4N
1. Budc dau da nghien cQu che tao thanh cflng vat ligu hfln hpp {blend) trgn co sd CS clorobutyl va CSTN diing de che tao Idp kin khi {innerliner) trong Ifl'p khflng sam. Cac ke't qua nghien cQu cho thly cac dieu kign cong nghg luu hoa vat ligu blend khflng khac nhidu so vdi cac dieu kign cflng nghg luu hda CS thflng thudng khac cua Cflng ty, Cac tinh nang cd iy, dfl chju nhigt, hg sd gia hoa va dac bigt la hg sd tham khi eua v^t
ligu hoan toan dap Qng cac ygu cau ky thuat eua v|t ligu chd tgo chd tao Idp kfn khf thay sam trong Ifl'p may bay bdm hdi khflng ed sam;
2. Trgn cd sd vat ligu hfln hpp {blend) trgn eo s6 CS clorobutyl va CSTN, da nghign cQu chd tgo thanh cflng Ifl'p khflng sam qui each 610 x 185. Loai Ifl'p nay da dupe lip trgn may bay L-39 va dua vao bay thQ nghiem,
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dat cac ygu clu ky thu|t trgn ky thuat hang khflng. So sanh vdi ifl'p mlu ciing loai do Nga chd tao, dfl gilm ap suit bdm hdi dupc Hfli ddng bay thQ Ifl'p cua Quan chijng Phdng khflng - Khflng quan danh gia dat tQdng dUdng;
3. Lfl'p may bay bdm hdi khflng cd sam do Cflng ty Co phln Cao su Sao vang va Vign Ky thuSt Phdng khflng - Khflng q^uan hpp tac chd tao da md ra mflt cflng nghg mdi ve che tao lfl'p may bay khflng sSm tai Vigt nam, dac bigt la gdp phan vao vigc chii dflng cung d p Ifl'p phpc vp an ninh qufl'e phong.
TAI LIPU THAM KHAO
[1] Kleflmann, Jens (Continental aktiengesellschatf).
Rubber mixture tor inner liner of pneumatic vehicle tires. United states patent and trademark office pre-grant publication. May 2008, PaLno;US20080125537.
[2] Krueger, Joern (Continental Aktiengesellschaft), Rubber blend for the inner liner of vehicle tires. United states patent and trademark office pre-grant publication, Feb 2009, PaLno:US7491765 & Apr 2008, PaLno:
US20080097021.
[3] Marsh W/Coddington D (Exxon research +engi- neering Co.) halogenated butyl tubeless tire innerliner.
United states patent and trademark office granted
patent, Oct 1973, Pat.no;US3769122.
[4] Lin, Kuang F. / Klosiewicz, Daniel W. (Hercules incorporated) Tire innerliner. United states patent and trademark office granted patent, Aug 1991, Pat.no;
US5040583.
[5] Sandstrom, Paul Harry (The Goodyear Tire &
Rubber Company), Pneumatic tyre having an innerliner comprised or butyl rubber and dispersion of pre-eured diene-based rubber, European patent, Jan 2006, Pat.no;
EP1612242. V
NgiMphdn bifn: PGS, TS PHAM THE TRINH
TONG HQ[P VA N G I T N G T U . . .
(Tiep theo trang 41)
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NgMphan bi}n: PGS, TS NGUYEN TH} THANH PHONG
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