Chat lieu be tong va vCPa mau de trang tri noi ngoai that
Nguyen Minh Ngoc
ABSTRACT
Coloured Concrete and mortar are building' materials used for decoration . The production of coloured concrete for Interior and external decoration requires nomial concrete but white or coloured cement are used instead of grey cement, Aggregates such as crushed stone and gravel are replaced with natural stone beads with smaller size, including the use of natural stone powder. In addition, in order to create bold colors as required by the design, inorganic pigments are also used.
Using coloured concrete and mortar for decoration makes the surfaces inside and outside the house more attractive, and more impressive by the richness of colors as well as decorative forms of natural stones that we create.
TS Nguyen Minh Ngpc GD TTTN va kiem dinh chat luong cong trinh
Truong DH Kiln tnic Ha Npi DidOng: 0982583714 Email: [email protected]
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dy \i sSn phclm vdt lidu xiy d i m g , nhdn dirac t d ccic nguyen li&u n h u cda be tong vi vda xiy diing, nhUng lai c6 them tinh trang In' nghe thudt, De c h ^ tao ra chat lieu be l o n g mau dung trang I n noi ngoai that, can cdc nguydn vat lieu nhi/ be tong IhWdng nhutig can thay xi mang xdm bSng xi mang trdng hodc XI mang mau, cot lieu nhif dd dam va cat vdng duoc thay bdng cac hat da thien nhien c6 kich thudc nh6 hon, ke cd sd dung bot dd thien nhien. Bdn canh d 6 de tao gam mau manh chl dao theo thiet ke can sd dung them bot mau v o c o .Ch^t lieu vUa trang trf cung dUOc tao bdi cdc thanh phan nhU vUa xay dUng, gom co chat ket dinh vo co n h u xi mang, voi, thach cao hay hon hdp cda chdng va cot lieu nh6 la cat. Ch^t lieu be tong mau trang tri be mat dUdc chS t^o t d hon hop be tong, cot lieu mdu sach, xi mdng trang va cdc chat bpt mdu dUOc cho vdi ty le 8- 12% so vdi khoi lupng xi mang. C6 the ddng xi mang mdu vd cdt lidu mdu da thi^n nhidn nhU da cam thach, da granit, da quaczit do. Be tong mau dung d ^ trang tri cdc cong trinh xay dUng d d n d u n g , cdc cflng trinh van hod (Htnh 1.1).,,
Sd dung cdc c h i t lieu tao mau sSc va hoa tiet da dang cho be tong va vUa \in\ cho be mat trong va ngoai nha cd tinh hap d i n , an tuOng bdl sU phong phd vi mau s^c trang tri cung nhu tinh than thien cua cdc dang da thien nhidn md chdng ta t^o ra. Cac lo^i dd mdu nhdn tao (Hinh 1.2) la chat lieu trang tri noi ngoai that rat pho bien d cdc nudc tren the gidl.
Bd tdng va vCa mau dupc c h ^ tao t d cac nguyen lieu sau:
- Cot lidu
Cdt Ildu ddng trang tri cho be mat thudng CO kich thudc hat to den 20mm, trung binh 10mm, hat nho den 5mm va dd ldn cda cat den 0,14mm. Nguyen lieu 34 thu duoc cdt lieu trang tri qua cac cdng doan sau: ddp nhd da thien nhien {da hoa cucfng, da cam thach, da sa thach, ddlomit, da phan, cung nhu da dam va cat thien nhien, cd tinh trang tri cao.
- Hat vd bdt da thidn nhidn: Hat va cot lieu mau nhan dUpc t d qua trinh dap, nghien dd thidn nhien. Sd dung hat va bdt dd thien nhidn tdcdc loai dd cd hat 0,1-5 m m .
- Bdt mau: Sd dung cdc loai bdt mau Idm cheit lieu, tang them tinh trang tri.
- Chat ket dinh: Thudng sd dung xi mdng tr5ng va mdu PCW30, PCW40. Ham luong xi mang vd cdt lidu cho 1 m3 chat lieu be tong mau duoc neu trong Bdng 1,1.
B^ tdng vd vCra mau cd the tao cho sdn phSm CD be mat gidng da vdi cac hoa tiet va cac gam mau khac nhau. Cdt lieu mau cdng vdi xl mang mau se lam tang dp dam cda mau sac cho be Idng. Bd tdng mau dang da nhan tao thudng dupc gpi la Solid Sunface (Hinh 1.2] san xuat I d hdn hpp cdt lieu da thidn nhien ket hop vdt chat kdt dinh nhU keo hay polime tong hpp (Acrylic, polyeste), hoac chat ket dinh vo co nhUxi mang, thach cao
1. Cac loai vCia va bd tong mau - Cac loai gach bide tU chen b i n g chat lieu be tdng mau
Gach bide t u chdn la loai da nhdn tao ma phan dudi Id xi mang cat, phan trdn be mat bSng chat lidu bd tdng mau cd khi Id mot Idp men mau bdng, ca hai Idp dUoc ep dUdi ap lUc cao hay sdn xuat bang bien phap dam rung, Chcit lieu gach bide t u chen dUpc dung chd yeu de lat san, vUdn trang trf ngoai that cdng trinh
- Chat lieu vCra da mai
Vda da mai la chat lieu da nhan tao, de trang tri ndi ngoai that nhan dupc t d qua trinh gia cdng cO hoc, mai hdn hop be tdng mau bao gdm cac loai vdt lieu sau: xi mang trSng, dd hat, bdt da tr§ng, bdt mau va nUdc,
- Chat Ildu vCra da rda,
Vda dd rda la chat li&u da nhdn tao dCing trang tri nhan dUOc bSng qua trinh rda be mat hdn hpp bd tdng mau sau khi bSt d i u dong cdng, Idm sach mdt phan tren be mat hat cdt lieu bang nUdc hay dung dich HCI ndng do thap.
- Chat Ildu vda vfli- xi mang cat mau
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Nha dcao tang tai Matxcova - Lien bang Nga duoi iMiig m bing tat tam be long mau tfinh 1.1 Be long mau Irang tn'car cong tnnh xay dimg
Vua vol HI mdng cat mau Id e h i i lidu trang tn duoc che tao tuchSt k^t dinh vdi- xi mdng vdl cat v,i bot da mau ihien nhidn (qua d^p, nghifin).
f Chat heu vda trdt mdu vd) cdc loai nidu kliac nhau, duoc neu trong bdng 1.2
+ Chat lieu vua trai gia dd Ihidn nhidn, ndu Irong Bang 1 J .
1.1. Gia cdng b< m « tao hoa t i A trang Irf De Irang tri be mdt can lao vda khd gdm eft lieu Irang Ui v4 chat k^t dinh.
Od ban khd - ddt day khudn ldp trang tri b^
m d l bd t d n g bdng hdn h o p cdc ehdt l » ^ d t i ^ n q ' thdi bdn khd. ^ ^>
- Phuong phap Idn ^ p - Trang tri b£ m $ t b w vda mdu vd bd t d n g (hat nhd) m i u , q u a ^ q H | ' ldn dp, Bfi m ^ i trang t r i nh$n d U ^ d^ng M t ^ i mdu vd vda mdu d o h6n h o p dfio vd hAn t i ^
vUa k h d tao i h a n h . ™ f - D^ Id rd hat cdt hdu mdu trang trf bSng
cdch rda mdt nda phdn hat cdt lidu bdng bi^fi^
phdp p h u n tia nUdc.
- RSC m d n h v y n , h^t cdt lieu mdu de irang tfl trdn bd m | t tiep xuc hon hop be tdng ddo vdi kich thudc hat n h d d f i n S m m , hat ldn diKK rdc t d 2,5-25 m m , chung duoc Idn fip nh?
con ldn vd dui?c rOa (sau khi bfi mdt da ran) bdng 4-5% d u n g djch HCI, sau d d rda bSng"
nudc.
inghebangbelongtollhepqiago, Hmh 2,2. ii long Irang trf Bomanite(B^n, san vifcm...), goc cSy, gi j da
82^Binviies 11.2012
Bdng 1,1 .Hdm luong xi mang mdu va cdt lidu mdu cho 1 m3 chSt lidu be tdng mdu
Loai b d t d n q CSu kien bdtdng cdt thdp:
-Ldp trang tri <20mm -Ldptranqtri>20mm Ldp trang tri b4 mdt:
-DaylO-15mm cho panel BTCT thudng -Ddy 15-20mm cho panel BT nhe
MdcXIW mdu PCW30,40 PCW40-60 PCW30,40 PCW30
LUOng xi mdnq, kq 300 400-500 350-400 250-300
Cdhat 1 Cdhat 0,15-20mm 0,15-lOmm
0,95 0,90 0,95
Cdhat 2,5-lOmm
C d h ^ t 0,6-10mm
1,05
Cdhat 0,lS-5mm
Bang I.S.VOa trdt mdu Mdu vQa
M d u g d m
Mduvdng
Thdnh phdn Vdi
Xi mdng pooddng Gach non nghifin Qudng sdt Cdt thach anh trdng Vdi Xl mdng pooclang Bdl da cam thach mdu vdng Cat (0,5-2 mm)
Hdm luonq % theo khoi luonq 15 10 15 2 58 15 20 15 50
Bdng 13.Vua trat gid da Gia da thidn nhidn Qa vdl vang va sdng
5a thach Da hoa cUong dd
Thanh phan Xl mang mdu
Vdi tdi Hat dd cam thach tr3ng( 0,6- 5 mm}
Xl mang mau Hal da vdi trdnq ( d =0,6- 5mm)
Xi mang mdu Cdt ihach anh- 75% vd cdt da cam thach- 25%
Xi mang mau Cdt lieu Hal da hoa cUOng dd-40%; Hat xdm-40%,
Hal mau Labra-20%
Xl mang mau
Hat da hoa cUcmg dd-83,S%, Hat mau Labra-16,5%
Hdm luong % 29 4 67 25 75 25 75 25 75 25 75
Hinh2,3. Belong tfargtrisJn cua h5ngTransparent House
- Lan hoa bdng con lan iren be mat hdn hop be tdng cdn quanh d^o cd hat cdt lieu nhd dfin 5mm.
- Cao ludt. Id bien phap tgo hinh thdc bfi mdt bdng tdc ddng cO hoc nhu cdo ludt, cdo chdi sdt.
- PhUOng phdp bdi, ddo toi phUOng phdp ndy tao bd mat lU nhien, toi xdp dieu do tao ra ndt dep t u n h i e n .
- Phuong phdp mdi bdng tao sdn pham da e l m thach nhan tao (Hinh 7.5) va d^ mai bdc cdu thang.
- Phuong phap bdn cdt nhdm vat bd Idp mang bao boc hat cdt lieu. Vdi ap lUc ma cac hat cat bay vao, Idp vd ban bao bpc cac hat cdt Ildu mdu se t r d ve mdu sdc nguydn bdn s i n cd.
- Phuang phdp trdt tit bd mat va son, PhUdng phap nay dOn gidn Id trat tao phang bdng vCra xdy dung sau dd bd tit tao phSng min rdi son tao mau sdc len bd mat.
1.2.Trat hoan thidn be mat trang tri kien true
- Trat tao mdu sdc be mat: phUOng phap trat kieu tao vet bdm vd be mat tao v d l gay. Ldp hdn hop trdt cd cap phdi 4 1:1 (cat: xi mang : vdl). Sau khi cdng ran thi phd them mdt Idp trang t r i day 2-3mm gdm (xi mdng PCB50 - 2,5 phan, vdl - 1 phan, hat da cam thach- 3-5mm - 4,5 phan, mica hay bflt thuy tinh - 1 phan, cdi - 2,5 phan va nUdc) Sau kht cdng rdn cd the dung thidt bl nen hoi, mai bdng hodc de mdt nhdm. Be mat trang tri da dang bang each sOn cac mdu sdc khac nhau-
- Trat vda tao be mat gidng da thidn nhidn Tao be mat gidng cdc loai da thidn nhidn bang hdn hop vdi-ximdng- bdt da mau duoc neu rd trong Bang 1.3.
2. Bd tong trang tri the he mdl 2 . 1 . Bd tong trang tri ddc m o phdng Be tdng mau, be tdng duoc trang tri be mat hay de Iran (Hlnh 2.1) de ddc d d san vUdn n h u ban ghe gid dd, gid gd, gach lat sdn dudng gid dd, vifin dudng, vien bon hoa... dupc sd dung rdng rai, Cdng nghd sdn xuat Id tao khudn, do hdn hop bd tdng mau hay bd t d n g moc sau dd sdn theo hoa van thiet ke.
2.2. Be tdng trang tri Bomanite Bd l d n g irang tri Bomanite (Hinh 2.2) Id sdn pham cdng nghfi cao, thudng d dang gid da, g d ddng de phd be m d l ban ghe van phdng.
11.2012BIIXWIIB1J83
dac tinh ndl Irdi; chfu \tfc. chiu mdi m o n tfil, di lau chui ,, n h u n g hi^u q u ^ t h a m my r3tcao.
- Gach b d n g . gach sdn vUdn cda Secdn (hinh 2.6), r5l da dang vi ho? lifit. mdu s4c, kich t h u d r , Ddc bi^t nhU gach sdn vUdn msn^
vd d?p CO dien quy phdi hoa quydn vdi phong Cdch dn t u p n g hi$n d?i
Hlnh 2.4, Ng6i Secoin ung nhd, sonq liJn, gia dri
H" 5i
Hmh 2.5 Gadi dm Ihadi fla riSi, hat Irai, hat l:inh
T A I L I E U THAM KHAO
" irong ftjydur>g NCS
2 Thi, f l«>i ilif Viiili, lib, ll j ' l Huu Mng Olio trtnh Vai lieu tiy
dung NXB XJy dung, 2009 ^ 3 Nguyen Vin Phi*u, Nguyin Thi*n ft* Idn Hgpt W k W
ngh^M tdng 11 mdng Up hai NXBxay(Hng.HinHiIOI1^
4 IS. Vu Dinh Diu, TS. Sui Danh 0#L Chfl kA dMi « t t f j [ X0,2006
5 VJ, Pixkarev Dekeialtvno - otiWodwilB itroitplh*
maiefialuNXSViiisaia slula. Mauova, 1977.
. -i.,,! ; , . - • . •t:\i:\[m,iiUJ f-hjnKhJil" Vat lieu Xjfduttg.
.' '.'iiriM Gi r^VH IU V, 8J;.'(IO.' PGS IS Bd(hDinhIhifn,TS, Trin Ngoc Tinh. Cing ngM U ttag. Mid nidt ban tiy dung, lfi n4i,2l»4
Hinh 2.6 GadisanvUOn
nha bep, gach trang t r i not ngoai that Cd cdc loai nhu. bd tdng lifin phien Grasscree chiu Idc va thodt nudc dung de trdng cd; loai nen b d tdng XI mang mai, ddc dep sang i r o n g vd chdng chdy; bfi tdng nghd thudt duoc tao hinh dfi trang t r i khach san, bietthu...
2.3. San be l o n g t r a n g t r i Transparent San be t d n g trang t r i Transparent (Hinh 2.3) rat ddc dao b§ng sU ket hop Idp bfi Idng mau cdng be mat, dupc danh bong v6i n h i i n g hoa tiet trang i r i . Hang Transparent House mang tdi cho chung ta phUPng p h a p t a o san nha b e t d n g
trang tfi nghe thuat cao va vd cung cudn hut.
2.4. Sdn p h ^ m Secoln
- Sdn pham ngoi mdu Secoin lai Viet Nam, duoc sdn xudl theo cdng nghd dp Udt tren ddy chuyfin Ihiet bi hifin dai cda Nhdi Bdn, Sdn pham ngdi Secoin (Hinh 2,4} cd h o n 10 mdu s3c sang trong, thuc su la m d l loai vat lieu cd budc bdt phd trong tUPng lai.
- Gach terrazzo Idt trong nhd cda Secoin cd loai cam ihach da rdi. gach hat irai, hat kinh (Hinh 2 5) Gach terrazzo cua secoin dUdc sdn xuat trdn day chuyfin hlfin dai cua Italy, dem lai
