KHOI NGHIEP
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1(CHfNH PHU VA KHO'I NGHIEP
Chinh phu Singapore da gop phan I6n trong viec di/a he sinh thai I<h6i nghiep cCia Sin- gapore tCr con so khong den mot trong madi nai dang I<h6i nghiep nhat the gidi^
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hac den khdi nghifip d Singapore, ngudi ta ngh! ngay den Block 71(Blk71)-nai dupc tap chi The Economist menh danh la "he sinh thai khdi nghiep cd dpng nhat tren the gldi". Cau chuyen khdi diu cua Blk 71 kha gidng vdi su ra ddi cua td hpp sdng tao Zone 9 d Ha Ndi, deu xuat phat tir mdt tda nha Cli nat va tudng nhu khdng cdn gia tri sir diing. Blk 71 dupc thanh lap bdi NUS Enterprise - mpt don VI true thudc Dai hpc qudc gia Singapore dupc thanh lap nham thiic day tinh thdn khdi nghiep trong hpc tap va giang dgy. NUS Enterprise tap hop cdc cdng ty khdi nghifip vfi cdng nghe thdng tin va "dat" hp trong tda nha nay vdi gia thue rat re.Hon hai ndm sau dd, khdng biet ddy chinh la mpt cdng ddng startup dang hinh thanh va thay rdng tda nha qua xudng ckp, Chinh phu Singapore quyet dinh do bd va yeu cau cdc cdng ty rdi di. Cdc cdng ty va NUS Enter- prise phan ddi difiu nay.
Ket ciic cua cau chuyen do?
Chinh phli Singapore khdng nhiing cai tgo lai khu nhd nay, bien nd thanh Blk 71 - mpt noi khang trang dep de ma cdn xay mpt loat cac block khde quanh do; Blk 73, 79 cho cac startup.
"[Chinh phli] khdng nhihig hieu startup ma cdn cho them niia. Hd trp CO do chdc khd tim [thay d nudc khde]" - Do Tran Anh Minh ndi. Anh tirng lam bien tap vien cua TechlnAsia, mpt trang blog vfi he sinh thai khdi nghiep a cdc nudc Ddng Nam A, va bay gid dang lam gidm ddc tmyen thdng ciia Vertex Venture - mpt
trong bdn quy dau tu ldn nMt Singapore.
T6 hpp cac block nay hien gid dupc gpi la La^mch Pad, nliin tdng the gidng nhu mpt khudn vien cua mdt trudng dai hpc: cac tda nha thdng nhau, san bdng ro, nhd an tap thfi, hdi trudng, nhiing ngudi tre tudi nang dpng tan gdu tren ghe da... Anh Lfi Thanh San, giam ddc Startup Grind Singapore, mdt td chuc hd trp khdi nghiep do Google ddu tu co mat trfin khap thl gidi, vi khu Launch Pad nhu mpt "bo mach", cdc cdng ty din chi cdn "cdm vao" la "chay" dupc bdi vi d day da hinh thdnh mdt he sinh thai khdi nghiep tuong ddi hoan chinh, hd trp startup tu co so vdt chat, dich vu cho den cpng dong.
Chinh vi thfi, khdng chi cd cac startup, cac tap doan ldn nhir Google, Microsoft, Qualcomm...
hay Singtel (tap doan viln thong
„ J Khu to hffp Launch Pad gom Blk 71, Blk 79, Blk 73. Anh: http://www.jtc.gov.sg/
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KHOI NGHIEP
ldn nhdt Singapore) mudn tim kifim cdc nhdn td ddi mdi sang tao ciing dat vudn uom hodc td chiic su kifin dinh ky tai ddy.
Hipn nay cd hon 500 startup dang lam viec tgi LaunchPad, rieng Blk 71 da cd 250 startup lam viec, gan 30 quy ddu tu va vudn uam. Neu khdng cd trp gia ciia chinh phu, gia thue van phdng khdng thl re din thl d mpt dat nudc "dat chdt" nhu Singapore. Tien thue mdt chd ngdi tai co-working space cua NUS Enterprise trong Blk 71 la 200 SGD, chua din 1/20 thu nhdp dau ngudi d Singa- pore vd cho mpt vdn phdng rdng 90 m^ chi vdo khodng 1700 SGD (chi bdng 2/3 tiln thufi nhd d HDB - chung cu do Chinh phu Singapore xdy va cho ngudi ddn deu cd the thue hogc mua vdi gid re).
Ngudi thue ciing dupc sii dung dieu hda mien phi 55 tifing mdi tudn.
Cai thi£n nang luc dau tu mao hiem
Cach day hon 10 nam, he sinh thdi ciia Singapore khdng cd gi ddng kl: chi cd mpt vdi startup ve cdng nghe thdng tin va sd quy ddu tu rdt it di. Trong vdng ba ndm trd lgi day, Singapore trd thanh mpt trong mudi he sinh thai khdi nghiep tdt nhdt the gidi.
Gavin Lee, qudn ly dau tu cua Wavemakers Ventures, mdt quy ddu tu cua My cd vdn phdng dgt tai Blk 71 ke lai rdng, vdo nam 2013, sau khi tdt nghiep tai My va lam mdt thdi gian tai vdn phdng quy Matrix Partners (My) d Trung Qudc, trd vl nudc, anh khdng thdy nhilu co hpi nghe nghipp cho minh: chi cd vai ba quy ldn cd lai nhugn va mdt loat quy nhd diu chua exit^. Nhung
S 6 1 3 . N G A Y 0 5 . 7 . 2 0 1 6
bay gid, mpi chuyfin da khac.
Singapore hpc tap Israel trong viec xay dung h^ sinh thdi khdi nghiep, bdt dau tii khau cai thipn mdi trudng ddu tu. "Vai ba quy ldn cd lpi nhugn" ciia Singapore ndi tren, ra ddi cdch day vai chyc nam, thudng chi ddu tu cho cac cdng ty da trudng thanh, boat
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dhanh lang trong cac Blk, c^c bile tUdng difoc'^ng tri" bM thong bao tuy^n dung va thfing tin sir kifn cilia startup. Ngo^i ra con co ci ban b6ng tay.
ddng dupc vai ndm va nhgn dau tu ldn 1-5 trieu USD, cdn cdc startup d giai doan ddu chi can vdi chyc den vai tram ngan USD thi hp khdng mdy quan tdm. Quy Nghien ctiu qudc gia Singapore (NRF - National Research Foun- dation) da dua ra hai chuong trinh dl cdi thipn dieu ndy: Mdt la Early Stage Ventures Fund (ESVF), cac quy tu nhdn se dupc chinh phu ddu tu doi iing 10 trieu SGD theo ti lfi 1:1 (tiic la
neu nhgn dupc 10 trieu SGD, hp se phai gpi vdn dupc them 10 trifiu SGD nira, tdng gia tri ciia quy la 20 trifiu SGD). Hai la Technology Incubation Scheme (TIS) vdi ldi "de nghi" hap ddn hon niia, chinh phu dau tu nua trieu SGD vdo mot quy ddu tu theo ti lfi ddi ung 6:1, vdi dieu kipn quy phdi tich ciic cung cap mentor vd hudng ddn cho startup. Hai chuang trinh nay keo ddi mudi ndm. Neu vific dau tu cd lpi nhuan, cac quy ndy cd thfi mua lai cd phan cua I chinh phu trong cac startup
trong vdng 3-5 nam. Cdn 1 neu khdng, hp cung khdng
mat gi, ngodi vific mdi nam tra cho chinh phu 5% sd tiln hp ddu tu nam dd.
Chinh sdch nay cua Sin- gapore, mpt phdn gitip cho cdc startup nhdn dupc "cu hich" d giai doan ddu nhung quan trpng han, giup ndng cao nang luc ddu tu ciia khu virc tu nhan, gitip hp "thodi mai han"
trong viec dau tu mao hiem.
"Vdi chiln luoc cting ddu tu cua NRF nhu TIS va ESVF, chinh phli thtic su khuyen khich doanh nghiep gdp tay vao viSc hd trp he sinh thai khdi nghiep bdng quy tu nhan. Mdt khi mpi ngudi bat dau dau tu, nhiing kfit qua sau dd giiip chinh phu theo ddi d l tang thfim nhilu quy ddu tu hon niia. Gid thi chinh phii da cd thfi nhdc chdn ra khdi lan sdng nay va tifip tiic hd trp nhiing ITnh
41.3 trieu SGD: So ti^n NRF dau t i ; vao 144 startup tir nam 2008 den 2015.
315 trieu SGD: So tt^n 58 startup lteu goi dau t i / t h e m sau NRF.
25: So startup that bai sau khi nhan dUdc dau tUtCr NRF (Nguon: Straittimes)
TraSdng 35
KHOI NGHIEP
vuc khde. Cdc co hdi trong lmh vuc cong nghfi thdng tin gid ddy da tang Ifin rdt nhilu so vdi luc tdi quay trd vl Singapore ba nam ve trudc vd mpt phdn la nhd su lanh dgo ro rdng vd ho trp mgnh me cho khdi nghiep cua Chinh phli Singapore. Hi vpng rdng chimg tdi cd the timg budc manh len, tao ra nhiing thanh cdng ldn d Ddng Nam A trong nhiing ndm tdi" - Gavin Lee ndi.
Tac d^ng vao mpi thanh ph&n cua he sinh thai Dieu khien Singapore khac vdi Israel va nhieu nudc khac, dd la khdng chi xay dung he thdng cdc quy ddu tu mgo hiem ma ^^udc gia nay ho trp ddng loat tdt ca cac thanh phdn cua h$ sinh thai, dam bdo tir sinh vifin den startup d bdt cir giai dogn nao deu hiing thu khdi nghipp va cd co hdi tifip can vdn. Tai sao lgi "mdt cdng"
nhu vgy? Vi nlu chi tgp trung vdo quy thi lay ddu ra startup dfi ddu tu? Cau hdi cd ye "ngd nghe" nhung thyc tl cho thdy, JFDI - mpt trong nhirng khda tang tdc khdi nghiep ddu tien d Singapore chi cd the tim dupc khoang 10 startup de ddu tu phdt trien tti giai dogn y tudng din liic thuong mai hda sdn phdm cho mdi khda keo dai 100 ngdy. Vdi mpt quy 6 trieu USD, sd lupng startup ddu tu nhu vgy la qua it.
"Viec tiep can ngudn tai chinh vdi cac startup khdng cdn la vdn dl nua. Dilu quan trpng hon la thay ddi tdm ly va van hda trd nfin ddi mdi sang tao, khuyen khich khdi nghipp vd thu htit nhiing nha ddu tu, mentor - nhftng ngudi cd mdi lien kit du rpng va kifin thtic dfi giup cac startup vuan ra toan cdu" - Lujie Chen, ngudi phu trdeh mang ddi mdi sang tgo va khdi nghiep ciia
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KhJ vUctiep tan cua NUS Enterprise.
quy NRF ndt vdi phong vicn Tw Sdng. Hau het cac co quan lien quan den nghten ctiu khoa hpc va phat tnen kinh te ciia Chinh phli Stngapore deu tham gta ho trp phat trien he stnh thai khdt nghtep theo nhieu each khac nhau nham thay doi van hda khdt nghiep tu trudng dai hpc - vdn con yeu d day vi xa hdi Singa- pore coi trpng cdng viec tdt d chinh phli hoac cac tap doan ldn, cd luong cao hort la ra ngoai khdi nghiep.
Nam nam vua qua. NRF dau tu khoang 400 tneu SGD cho ddi mdi sang tao va khdi nghiep Ben canh hai chuang trinh ciing dau tu mao hiem vdt tu nhan ndi tren, NRF dau tu cho khdt dat hpc de khuay ddng khdng khi khdt nghiep va keo khdt hoc thudt lai gan vdi khdt tu nhan.
Trong vdng nam nam tdt, ktnh phi danh cho khu vuc ddi mdi sang tao va khdt nghiep ciia ho se la mdt ti SGD. bao gdm ca cac chuang trinh thuc day Itcn ket gtira vten - tmdng. Van phdng cua NRF nam trong khudn vien ctia NUS. NRF tai trp cho dai hpc nay mpt khoan tien trong vdng nam nam de tiiy y sti dung de td chtic su kien kich thich ttnh than khdi nghiep va ddi mdi sang tao trong stnh vien. NUS mdi nam deu cd chuong trinh gui
sinh vicn hoc khdi nghiep tai dai hoc d cac trung tdm khdt nghiep tai Sillicon Valley (My), Thuang Hai, Bac Kinh (Tmng Quoc), Tel Aviv (Israel) ."Hp mang vl Sin- gapore virus khdt nghtep" ~ anh Le Thanh San ndi. NUS Enter- prise cung td chi!rc cac buoi trd chuyen ve khdi nghiep hang thang va hang nam lat td chirc InnovFest Unboud. mdt chuoi SIJ kten keo dai mdt man, quy tu nhiing nha khdt nghiep, nha khoa hpc, cdng ty ldn tdi trao doi ve cac xu hudng mdi nhat trong cdng nghe thdng tin phuc VIJ cho mdt qudc gta thdng mtnh (Smart Nation) NRF cung xay dung mdt phdng lab (Additive Manu- facturing Cluster) a Dai hoc Cdng nghe Nanyang - NTU de uam tao cac startups che tao va sir dung cdng nghe in 3D.
Ben canh NRF cdn cd IDA- ca quan phat trten ITnh virc cdng nghe vien thdng tai Singapore.
IDA dteu hanh Infocomm Invest- ment - mdt quy tri gid 200 tneu SGD chu ylu dl ddu tu cho cac vudn uam va cac khda tang tdc khdi nghiep va cung cap cho ho mpt khdng gian lam viec chung rdng han 2000 m- ddy cam hiing.
Quy ndy cung chu ddng xdy dting van phdng d Anh vd My, cho phep cdc startup dupc quy nay ddu tu tnic tilp hoac gian
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Mdt goc lam vik cda HUS Enterprise: Ban bong bin diinli l i ban lam vik.
tiep cd the ra nudc ngoai tim thi trudng. EDB (Economic Devel- opment Board - Ban phat trien kinh tfi ciia Chinh phii Singa- pore, cd nhiem vu thu hiit dau tu nudc ngodi) dau tu vao cdc cdng ty khdi nghiep hoac cdng ty cdng nghe ldn (mdi Idn dau tu khoang 20 - 50 hieu SGD) tren thfi gidi va yeu cdu hp chuyln nhCmg bd phan quan trpng (chang han nhu nghien cim vd phdt trien) ve Singapore de nang cao nang lu:c cgnh tranh cua cdc cdng ty khdi nghiep cdng nghp trong nudc.
Mgc dli iru tien hinh thiic ddu tu ddi ting nhung Chinh phit Singapore vdn ddnh mpt khodn ngan sdch de tai trp cho cdc don vi hd trp khdi nghiep, chdng hgn nhu SPRING (thudc Bp Thuong mgi Singapore) tdi tra 70% kinh phi boat dpng cho cac vudn uom vdi muc dich tdng khdng gian lam viec chung va mentor tai Singapore va ACE (Action Community for Entrepreneur- ship) - mpt td chiic phi lpi nhugn do chinh phu tdi trp (trudc day Id ca quan nhd nudc do Bd tnrdng Bd Thuong mgi dilu hanh) kit ndi vd td chiic sg kifin cpng ddng startup.
Hieu biet va quyet dinh lien b6, lien nganh Vdy, lam thl nao khdng dua ra cdc chuong trinh triing lap mac dil cd vo sd co quan chinh phii, d cdc cdp bde khac nhau cung tham gia hd trp startup? Cdc Bd ciia Singapore lam viec rat an y vdi nhau. Dd Trdn Anh Minh dua ra mdt vi du ve ngudi bgn ciia minh, Aaron Miami, phdi ludn chuyen cdng viec giam ddc du an qua hai Bd theo chuang trinh Public Service Leadership Pro- gramme (Chuong trinh ldnh dao cho dich vu cdng) cua Chinh phu Singapore - chuong trinh nham tim kifim nhiing ngudi lanh dgo trong ITnh vuc dich vu cdng.
Theo dd, trong bdn nam ddu, hp phdi ludn chuyfin qua hai bd ldm vific d nhiing vi tri chu chdt. Den nam thii nam, nhiing ngudi tham gia chuong trinh phai chia se cho nhau kien thiic va kl ndng hpc dupc. Va cudi cimg, hp se dua ra lua chpn cudi ciing xem minh se lam d Bp ndo trong hai Bp ban ddu. Hifin nay cd 200-300 ngudi dang tham gia vao chuong trinh nay va nd cung cap cho hp nhung kl ndng vd hieu bilt dl cd thl thilt kl nhiing nhiem vu, du
an lien kfit nang luc va chuyen mdn giiia cdc bd.
Bp may ciia NRF ciing Id vi du difin hinh cho viec sir lifin ket nay. Quyet dinh va trien khai deu dupc thuc hipn bdng ban dieu hanh cdc cdp bao gom cac thanh vien den tir cdc Bd khac nhau.
Ban dieu hanh cua NRF Id Phd Thii tudng Singapore va cdc Bd trudng. Hp Id ngudi thdo ludn vd dua ra bdn hudng uu tifin ddu tu cho nghien ciiu va phat tnen cua Singapore. Hpi ddng ddi mdi sang tgo va khdi nghi?p cua NRF - bd phgn thiic ddy khdi nghifip trong bdn linh vuc tren, bao gdm nhiing ngudi den tti cdc co quan nhu SPRING, EDB, NRF... Mdi quy, hdi ddng nay se hpp va dia diem hpp khdng cd dinh. "Mac dil cac chuong trinh ctia chiing tdi Id tach biet. Nhung chiing tdi lam viec thdn thifit vdi nhau va dam bao rang minh tap trung vdo cdc hudng khac nhau"- Lujie Chen cho bilt. Sdp tdi, SPRING, EDB, IDA, NRF... se cung hpp tac lap ra chuang trinh SG Inno- vate - gidng nhu "mdt cira" de cac startup cd the tiep can ddng thdi thdng tin vd hd trp tu tat cd cac chuang trinh cua Chinh phii Singapore.
Cac CO quan cdng quyen ciia Singapore ciing ldm viec rdt gdn ket vdi khoi khu vuc tu nhan.
"Nhd nudc khdng phdi la ngudi ddu tu tdt nhat, chiing tdi phai hpp tac vdi cac nhan td gidi nhdt ngodi kia" - Lujie Chen ndi. Dfi lira chpn hd tro cac quy ddu tu nhd cho hai du an TIS va ESVF, NRF phai thanh lap mpt han ddnh gia da dang cdc thdnh phdn bao gdm ca quan ddu tu nha nudc (EDBI), cdc quy ddu tu cua cac tdp dodn Idn nhu Temasek, Singtel, cdc quy ddu tu tre va cd cdc cdng ty ldn.
"Phong cdch" lam vific gdn giii giiia cdc Bd va giira nha
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KHCri NGHlgP
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nudc vdi tu nhdn khifin Smga- pore cd mdt moi trudng kinh doanh cdi md vd linh hoat vi cdc quyet dinh dupc dua ra nhanh chdng ma cd thl khdng cdn ban hanh ludt chinh thiic. Vivian Balakrishnan, Bp trudng Bd Ngoai giao Singapore, ngudi chiu trach nhifim cho du an qudc gia thdng minh cua Singapore phdt bieu trong su kifin In- novfest Unbound nam ngodi, cho phep trien khai Fintech (Cdng nghfi tdi chinh - mdt llnh vuc chua hpp phap d Singa- pore): "Co quan tiln tp Singa- pore (MAS) quyfit dinh rdng
Nhumg di^ dinh tuong lai
"Chinh phii Singapore so qudc gia minh khdng cdn giii dupc vj thl nira. Vifit Nam dang Ifin, In- donesia dang len.Vay Singapore se la gi?" - Dd Trdn Anh Minh li gidi tai sao Singapore lgi ddu tu nhilu tiln bgc vd nhdn luc xdy dung hp sinh thai khdi nghipp din nhu vdy. Nam 2015, Thii tudng Singapore Ly Hien Long da thanh lap Uy ban vi kinh t l tuang lai ciia Singapore (Com- mittee on Future Economy - CFE) dl dinh vi Singapore trong tuong lai, trong dd cd mpt bp
tin du sdi dpng, hipn gid hp mudn tgp trung vao nhirng Hnh vgc giau tinh ddi mdi sang tgo nhu an ninh mang, loT (Intemet van vdt), nang lupng sach, robot- ics,...- nhutig lmh vucmdtu nhan chua dfi </ tdi. Hp se dua lap trinh nhu mpt mdn hpc bdt budc d tnidng Trung hpc phd thdng va cd nhiing chuong trinh ngoai khda cho hpc sinh tifiu hoc de tang cudng ngudn nhdn lire trong cdc nganh STEM.
Chinh phu Singapore timg ddng hanh vdi cdc nha khdi nghiep vd bay gid, hp cd gdng di trudc. nhu Dr. Vivian Balakrish-
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Khfing gian ciia Red Dot Ventures, quy Itau tUmao hiem trong chiitfng tiinh TiS cAa quy nghien cihi quoc gia Singapore (NRF) tai Bile 71. Van phong cua ho vifa "biln thimh" Ithfing gian l^m v i k thung, vira t£ chi^c sU Ilien.
chting ta se tgo ra mdt cai gpi la
"hop cat trong lugt" (regulatory sandbox) cho cdc td chuc tdi chinh va cac cdng ty Fintech...
Dieu dd cd nghTa la, neu bgn cd mdt y tudng, sdn pham hoac dich vu trong linh vuc tai chinh - bgn cd thl lam viec vdi MAS dfi san pham cua minh ra ddi dudi mdt khudn khd long nao do. Dieu dd cho bgn co hdi dfi thir nghiem va phdt trifin nhanh nhat cd thfi" - Ong ndi them. Dd cdn chua ke, Singapore cdn danh han 6 km dudng dl moi ngudi thi nghidm xe khdng ngudi ldi.
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phdn phu trach ddi mdi sdng tgo, di sau vdo startup, tra ldi cau hdi Idm thfi nao de phat trien he sinh thdi khdi nghiep ngoai nhiing gi hp da Idm trong nhirng nam vira qua. "Tai sao chiing tdi nghT startup la quan trpng? Vi nd la dOng hic ciia phat trien. Chiing toi mudn thiic day manh ban niia tu duy ddi mdi sang tgo." - Lujie Chen ndi.
Trong nam nay, hp se dimg du dn TIS (Technology Incuba- tion Scheme) va ESVF (Early Stage Venture Fund) vi cho rdng hp da tao ra mpt he sinh thdi khdi nghifip vl cdng nghfi thdng
nan phdt bieu d Innofest Un- bound nam ngodi; "Chiing tdi nhm vai trd cua chmh phii la xay dung ca sd hg tang, thiic ddy nang luc, tap trung vdo R&D, ddi mdi sang tgo chinh sach va xay d^ng mpt mdi trudng thudn lpi, nhu vdy nhiing startup cua minh, hogc nhiing ngudi cd y tudng dien rd mdi cd thfi theo dudi nhiing 'budc nhdy tdi mat trang". n
)
' https://www.techinasia.coin/coni- pass-startup-ecosystem-ranldng-re- port-2015-sineap9re
^ BSn dupc CO phan cua cac congty no ddu tu. Ddy Id cdch de cdc quy dau tu mao hiem thu lai.
S 6 l 3 . NGAY 05.72015
