TRIEN KHAI O i AN OAO TAO NGHE CHO LAO OONG NONG THON GIAI OOAN 2010 - 2020
A/'
MOT SO GIAI PHAP IHUC DAY GIAI QUYtl VltC LAM VA DAY M l
CHO THANH NIEN NONG THON
• Nauven Nang Nam Hoc vien Khoa hoc Quan sU-Bo Quoc phong
T
hanh nien ndng thon hien chiem mpt ty' le Idn vd cd nhufng ddng gdp quan trgng vdo phdt trien kinh te-xa hpi vd xdy dung ndng thdn mdi, tifngbudc Idm thay doi diin mao ede Idng que. Theo so lieu dieu tra, ddn so trong dp tuoi thanh nien (16-30 tuoi) cd khodng 22 trieu ngUdi, trong do, thanh nien nong thdn chiem khodng 51,5%.
Nhflng nam qua, dflpc sfl quan tam eua Dang, Nha nfldc vdi eae ehinh saeh t h i l t thflc ve dao tao nghe, bd tri vide lam, hd trp vdn, gidng cay trdng, vat nudi, thanh nien ndng thdn da tflng bflde lap than, lap nghidp, phat trien kinh t l gia dmh. Nhieu eosd khuyin ndng, lam, ngfl da thfldng xuydn md eae Idp tap huan nghidp vu v l khoa hpe ky thuat giup thanh nidn ndng thdn t i l p can vdi nhflng t i l n bd mdi eua khoa hpe, edng nghe.
Cde lang nghe khdng ngflng phat trien thj trUdng, md rdng quy md sdn xuat, tang eUdng boat ddng xuat khau lao ddng... de tang cO hdi tao them vide lam mdi eho thanh nidn ndng thdn.
Tuy nhidn, sd thanh nien dupe vay vdn de phat trien sdn xuat khdng nhilu. Chfnh saeh vay vdn cdn bj bd hep va ehUa that sfl md rdng ea ve ngudn vdn va hinh thflc eho vay; dien tfch dat sdn xuat ndng nghiep ngay eang mot thu hep, giai doan tfl 2006-2010, tdng didn tfch dat ndng nghiep bj chuyen ddi de xay dflng cac khu cdng nghidp, khu dd thj khodng 192.212 ha va
Cdn mdrdng hUdng nghiep vd dgy nghe degiup thanh niin nong thdn cd viie Idm on dinh
nghe nghidp cua thanh nidn ndng thdn thap, ft ed eo hdi dflpc dao tao nghe nghidp. Theo sd lieu dieu tra, ty Id lao ddng cd chuyen mdn ky thudt trong thanh nidn ndng thon thap hon 4 lan so vdi thanh thj;
trinh dp cao dang, dai hpe trd len efla thanh nidn ndng thdn thap hon 6 lan so vdi thanh nidn thanh thi, va cd den 94,7% khdng ed chuyen mdn nghidp vu dan d i n Ifle Iflpng nay dang bj t h i l u vide Idm tram trpng, cd khodng 7 tridu lao dpng chUa ed bode t h i l u vide lam.
Trude thue trang do vd ydu cau ngdy cdng cao cua sU nghidp ddi mdi va hdi nhdp qude t l , de gidi quylt vide lam va tang eUdng dao tao nghe cho thanh nidn ndng thdn, can thuc hidn ed hidu qud cac gidi phdp CO bdn sau:
TAP CHl LAO OdNG VA XA Hdl -5d474- 7(7 7 -15/9/2011 theo do ed tdi 2.498.756 lao ddng
ndng thdn mat vide, trong dd Ifle Iflpng CO ban la thanh nidn; nhieu ngdnh nghe phu d ndng thdn dan bj mai mdt do thieu vdn sdn xuat va khdng ed thj trfldng tidu thu;
nhilu chflong trinh kinh te ehfla phdt huy dflpc hidu qud, vide td chflc chi dao, trien khai thflc hidn cdn ban ehe, nhieu noi edng tde gidm sdt kiem tra ddnh gid ehfla thfldng xuydn.
Ngoai ra, vide bd sung, sfla ddi CO e h l ehi'nh saeh v l lao ddng vide lam va day nghe eho thanh nidn ehfla kjp thdi, eham ddi mdi, t h i l u nhflng chfnh sach dO manh d l phdt t r i l n thj trfldng lao ddng nhu e h l dp t i l n Iflong, t i l n edng vd thu nhap, ehfla thflc sU gdn vdi thj trudng; trinh dp hpe van va ky nang
T R I I N KHAI Di AN OAO TAO N G H I CHO LAO OdNG N 6 N G THON GIAI OOAN 2010 - 2020
Mpt Id, md rpng viic hudng nghiip dgy nghe degidp thanh nien CO nghe vd tim viic Idm on dinh.
Thanh nidn ndng thdn khdng ehi can ed trinh dp chuydn mdn va cap nhdt kidn thflc, flng dung khoa hpe-edng nghd vao ndng nghidp, ndng thdn de dap flng nhu eau phat trien kinh t l cua dat nfldc ma edn phdi cd cd kiln thflc xa hdi, giao t i l p cdng ddng, phdt triln ban than de ed dflpc tde phong lam vide nghidm tue, tudn thu ky ludt lao ddng va ed tinh than ddng dpi khi lam vide d bat cfl mdi trfldng nao...
Nang cao nhan thflc efla thanh nien va toan xd hdi v l hpc nghe, lap nghidp. Tao bflde dot pha ve tang sd Iflpng vd ndng cao chat lupng day nghi, tao vide lam, nham phdt huy va sfl dung cd hidu qua ngudn lao ddng. Phdi khac phuc ngay tinh trang ngfldi dflpc dao tao nghe ra khdng tim dflpc vide lam. Mudn vay, ben canh vide md Idp day nghe, cac dja phUPng can k i t hpp thanh lap cdc cdng xUdng, kdu gpi dau tU vdn va khuyin khfch md cae eo sd sdn xuat trong khu vUc. Nganh Lao ddng-Xa hdi can phdi hpp vdi cac CO sd nay de tao nghe cho thanh nidn. Khdi ddu, phdi hd trp kinh phi hpe nghe, td chflc dao tao mien phi cho hp. Cae nganh thflong mai dich vu can dflpc huy ddng vao eude de bao tidu sdn pham.
Oe thflc hidn qua trinh hfldng nghidp, day nghe cho thanh nidn cung can can nam rd tdm ly, dac dilm va can cfl vao vung nguydn lieu, vao nhu eau efla tflng vung, mien eho phu hpp. Hfldng nghidp eho thanh nien phdi theo each vfla hpc, vfla lam va phdi cd thu nhap d l Idi cudn, thu hflt nhieu ngfldi tham gia. Vide md cdc cO sd sdn xuat tai ede dja phuong, td ehflc hfldng nghidp, day nghd trfle t i l p eho thanh nidn se thudn Ipi vl khdng phdi lo noi dn nghi, lai giup ede boat ddng cua thanh nidn di vao n l nip.
Hai Id, day mgnh xudt khdu lao
dpng, day mpt hudng quan trgng degidi quyet viic Idm cho lao dpng dndng thdn hiin nay.
Xuat khau lao ddng dang la mdt xu hfldng dflpc nhilu thanh nidn ndng Ifla ehpn. Tuy nhidn, tinh trang cac doanh nghidp "ma" van dang boat ddng va Ifla gat ngfldi lao ddng d ndng thdn, cung vdi do thanh nidn ndng thdn thudng it vdn, thilu thdng tin va kem hieu bilt. Day la nhflng thdeh thflc Idn cho van de xuat khau lao ddng ndng thdn trong giai doan hidn nay.
O l giai quylt van de nay, can tap trung vao thue hidn tdt vide thdng tin, tuydn truyen ve thj trfldng lao ddng trdn the gidi den thanh nien ndng thdn, giup hp nhan thflc va djnh hfldng dung ve co hdi cung nhu nhflng khd khan, thach thflc trong xuat khau lao ddng; thanh lap va phat huy vai trd cua quy tfn dung de giup dd thanh nien ndng thdn tham gia xuat khau lao ddng; thanh lap cde CO quan tfl van mien phf giup dd ngfldi thanh nidn ndng thdn ve thu tue hanh ehinh va thfl tue tai ehi'nh khi tham gia boat dpng xuat kha'u lao dpng, khac phue tinh trang bj Ifla bjp va phai ehi phf qua eao de tham gia xuat kha'u lao dpng. Can xdy dflng chfnh sach de ed the phan flng linh boat trflde nhflng bien dpng eua nen kinh te the gidi nham bdo vd quyen Ipi chi'nh dang, hpp phdp eua lao ddng Viet Nam tai nfldc ngoai va phdn flng linh boat ddi vdi vide "md" bode "ddng" efla thj trfldng lao ddng Viet Nam khi can thilt.
Ba Id, day mgnh chuyen djch co cdu kinh te, tdng cUdng ddu tUco sdhg tdng cho khu vUc ndng thon.
Lam tdt cdng tac quy hoaeh, td chflc lai sdn xuat phu hpp vdi dieu kidn cu the cua tflng vung, dja phflong; bd trf co eau cay trdng, vat nudi theo hfldng dn djnh didn tfch lua vfla bdo ddm an ninh Iflpng thflc vfla phuc vu xuat khau; hinh thanh cdc vung sdn xuat tap trung, chuydn canh lua chat Iflpng eao, vung
ehuydn canh edy dn trdi, nudi trdng thuy sdn, hinh thanh cde trang trai chan nudi tap trung, an toan djch bdnh. Khuyin khich cde thanh phan kinh te dau tfl phdt trid'n cdng nghidp, tieu, thu cdng nghidp, djch vu, nganh nghe d ndng thdn gan vdi sfl dung nguydn lieu va thu hut nhieu lao ddng tai chd nham thue day chuyen djch eo eau kinh te, eo eau lao dpng ndng thdn.
Tiep tuc ddi mdi va xay dflng eae hinh thflc td ehflc san xuat, djch vu cd hidu qua d ndng thdn.
Khuyen khich, tao dieu kien cho ngfldi dan tham gia phdt trien cac loai hinh hpp tac san xuat kinh doanh; xay dUng md hinh doanh nghidp ndng nghiep thich hpp gan vdi lien k i t hoac tfch tu rudng dat de hinh thanh vung sdn xuat hang hda Idn, tao dieu kien dUa edng nghidp vao phue vu ndng nghiep.
To chflc tdt cde boat ddng dich vu phuc vu ndng nghidp, ndng thdn va tidu thu ndng san; khuyin khich md rdng cac hinh thflc lien k i t sdn xuat va tidu thu ndng sdn hang hda; tiep nhan, chuyin giao va flng dung tien bd khoa hpc ky thuat vd cdng nghd vao sdn xuat, dau tfl nang eao chat Iflpng cdng tac khuyen ndng, khuyen ngfl... nham nang cao nang suat, chat Iflpng, kha nang canh tranh efla ndng sdn hang hda, gdp phan nang eao thu nhap efla ngfldi dan.
Tang cfldng dau tfl tfl ngan sach cho k i t eau ha tang eho ndng nghidp, ndng thdn, nhat la giao thdng, thfly Ipi vdi mue tidu tao vide lam va thu nhap tai chd cho ngfldi dan; ddng thdi ed eo e h l va ehi'nh sdeh phu hpp nhfl chfnh saeh mien gidm thue, chfnh sdeh tin dung..., de keu gpi khuyen khfch dau tfl tfl nhieu ngudn vdn khde nhau vao ndng nghidp, ndng thdn, dae bidt la ngudn vdn FDI. Tap trung dau tfl nhilu hon ed ve edn bd ky thuat lan dau tfl vat chat de edng tdc chuyen giao ky thudt tdi vung ndng thdn dat hidu qud cao nhat.Q
TAP CHf LAO OdNG V A x A H d l - 5 d 4 7 4 - r o ' 7 - 7 5 / 9 / 2 0 7 7
