NHUNG VAN D6 KINH T6 VIM'
#VIEC LAM CUA THANH NIEN NONG THON VIET NAM
• •
QUA HAI c u p c DIEU TRA 2003 VA 2008
PGS.TS VQ Hoang Ngan, Th.s Ngo Quynh An Dal hoc Kinh te Qudc dan
Bai viet danh gia thifc trang Idc Iddng lao ddng thanh nien nong thon thdi ky sau suy thoai kinh te 2007 tren nhieu phifdng dien nhd trinh do dao tao, mi/c do that ipghiep va kha nang cd viec lam ky nang cua hg. SCf dung so lieu Dieu tra Quoc gia ve Vi ihanh nien va ihanh nien Viet Nam - SAVY (Survey Assesstvent of Vietnamese Youth), ket qua nghien cdu cho thay sau suy thoai kinh te, mdc that nghiep cua thanh nien nong thdn^
khdng he gia tang nhdng t^ le thanh nien lam cdng viec cd ky nang giam dang ke. De phat then luc lugng lao thanh nien ndng thdn va khac phuc nhCfng khd khan gay ra bdi tinh trang suy thoai kinh te, chung tdi da de xuat viec tap trung cfu tien dao tao nghe tai chd cho thanh nien ndng thdn trong Unh vuc hoat dgng ndng nghiep, la ITnh vifc phu hdp nhat vdi thanh nien ndng thdn hien nay.
1
Boi canh nghien cufu Tinh trang thieu viec lam, phai chap nhan ,nhung cdng viec gian ddn de ^kiem sd'ng, cdng viec khdng on dinh, thu nhap thap hoac khdrig dem lai kha nang ddc lap ve tai chi'nh (lam viee trong eac hd gia dinh ma khdng dypc tra IL/Png) anh hydng rat Idn tdi cudc sdng eua thanh nien va dac biet la thanh nien ndng thdn. t h e o quy luat, tinh trang nay thydng la phd bie'n dd'i vdi thanh nien do hp mdi tham gia thj trydng lao ddng, chya cd kinh nghiem va han ehe ve ky nang, hdn nti'a phan Idn cdn dang phu thude vao gia dinh va dang cdn di hpe.Trong bd'i canh suy thoai kinh te vya qua, mot sd cau hdi da dypc chung tdi dat ra:
- Suy thoai kinh te lieu cd lam tram trong them tinh trang tren?
- NhCfng ye'u td nao cd the giup thanh nien ndng thdn vydt qua khd khan vi thie'u viee lam thdi ky suy thoai kinh te?
- Nhi/ng ye'u td nao ciing vdi suy thoai kinh te gdp phan tao ra nhu'ng bat Ipi gan lien vdi thye trang viee lam ciia thanh nidn ndng thdn Viet Nam hien nay va lam the nao de khac
phuc tinh trang nay?
De tra Idi nhiing eau hdi dang quan tam lien quan tdi van de lao ddng- viec lam ciia thanh nien ndng thdn Viet Nam sau suy thoai kinh te, bai viet nay sif dung each tie'p can nghien eifu ve cung cau tren thj trydng lao ddng hydng tdi cac muc tieu sau:
- Md ta nhung thye trang lye lypng lao ddng thanh nien ndng thdn Viet Nam tren cac khi'a canh cha't lypng lyc lypng lao ddng va tinh trang viec lam thdi ky trydc va sau suy thoai kinh te.
- Xac dinh cac ye'u td gay anh hydng tfch eye hoac tieu eye ddi vdi tinh trang viec lam cua thanh nien ridng thdn, bao gdm cac ye'u td lien quan tdi vd'n con n^ypi, vd'n xa hdi va cae yeu td lien quan tdi eung- cau tren thj trydng lao ddng cung nhy mdi trydng kinh te ciia dja phypng.
2. Nguon so lieu va phUdng phap nghien cufu
2.1 Nguon sd lieu
Bai vie't sif dung ngudn sd lieu tyDieu tra Qudc gia ve Vj thanh nien va thanh nien Viet Nam- SAVY (Survey Assess- ment of Vietnamese Youth).
Day la cudc dieu tra Idn va
toan dien nhat ve thanh nien dypc thye hien d Viet Nam.
Cudc dieu tra nay sif dung mau hd gia dinh trong Dieu^tra mife sdng dan cy cua Tong cue Thd'ng ke. SAVY lan thif nha't dypc tie'n hanh vao nam 2003 vdi 7.584 thanh thie'u nien 14-25 tudi d 42 tinh/thanh phd; lan thif hai vao thang 5 nam 2009 vdi j 0.044 em trong ciing dp tudi tren ca 63 tinh/thanh phd, trong dd deu cd 76% la thanh nien ndng thdn.
Mau dieu tra ciia cae cudc khao sat chi tie'p can va phdiig van nhCfng thanh nien hien dang sd'ng trong cac hd gia dinh tai thdi diem dieu tra, vi vay khdng dai dien cho nhufng thanh nien hien dang sd'ng ngoai hd gia dinh nhy nhdm vd gia cy, nhdm di dan tim viec lam, hpc sinh sinh vien di hpc xa nha, ma phan anh lyc lypng lao ddng thanh nien tai cho.
Mdt sd khai niem dypc sif dung trong SAVY cu the nhy sau:
- That nghiep va that nghiep tiem nang, that nghiep md rong: trong SAVY, tinh trang thanh nien that nghiep dypc xac dinh la ne'u hp khdng lam viec, cung khdng dang trong thdi gian
kinh tt> Phat trien
^
HUNG VAN D6 KINH T€Vl MO
tam nghi hay chd viec va dang tim kiem viec lam, sin sang lam viec trdng tuan dieu tra ne'u tirh dypc viee lam. Ben canh dd, khai niem ve that nghiep tiem nang cung can dugc de cap tdi. Dd la nhCfng thanh nien khdng lam viec, cd kha nang lao dgng va hien khdng pi hgc, khdng cd y dinh tim kiem viec lam, hoac cd tim viec lam nhifng chda sSn sang lam viec trong tuan dieu tra.
Nhy vay, so thanh nien that nghiep md rdng bang tdng so thanh nien that nghiep va that nghiep tiem nang.
- Lire lUdng lao dong thanh nien: la nhdm thanh nien hoat ddng kinh te, bao gdm tat ca nhOfng thanh nien ty 15 tudi trd len, trong mdt khoang thdi gian nha't djnh.
sin sang cung cap lao ddng de san xua't mdt loai hang hoa va dich vu nao dd (theo khai niem dypc sif dung trong he thdng tai khoan qud'e gia eiia LHQ-SNA). Dd'i vdi SAVY,
LtJc lirang lao dong thanh nien = so thanh nien dang lam viec + sd thanh nien that nghiep.
Ngoai khai niem lyc lypng lao ddng thanh nien, cdn can de cap tdi lye lypng lao ddng thanh nien md rdng, bao gdm them ca nhufng ngydi hien khdng lam viec, khdng tim viee lam va cung khdng di hpc, du kha nang lam viec (khdng khuyet tat). Chi'nh sd ngydi nay cung la sd that nghiep tiem nang dang quan tam trong thanh nien. Nhy vay.
Luc lucfng lao dgng thanh nien md rgng = so thanh nien hien co viec lam (da tung kiem song hoac chtfa tung kiem sdng) + so thanh nien that nghiep + so thanh nien that nghiep tiem nang.
- Tirng lam viec kie'm song: Dieu tra SAVY II sif dung khai niem thanh nien tung lam viee kiem tie'n bao gdm tat ca nhiifng ngydi lam mdt cdng viec gi dd khdng bi phap luat ngan earn ft nhat 1 gid trong tuan de dypc tra edng dydi dang tien mat hoac hien vat.
- Hien co viec lam nhung chya tirng lam viec kiem song: Day la nhdm thanh nien lam viee trong hd gia dinh va khdng dypc tra cdng. Viee lani loai nay khdng dem lai kha
Sa do 1: Ca cau luc lugng lao dgng thanh nien trong mau khao sat SAVY
Khdng tham gia Lyc lirong lao ddng md
rdng
Tham gia lyc liTcing lao ddng md rdng
(md rdng)
T
Hien cd viec Idm, tdng lam viec
kie'm sdng
Hien c6 viec lam, chua tdng lam viec
kiem sdng*
That nghiep
That nghiep tiem ndng
* Khdng cd thdng tin trong SAVY 1 nam 2003
Bang 1: Thdng ke tdm tat ve cacau luc lugng lao dgng thanh nien nong thon Viet Nam qua SAVY 2003 va 2008
Tyle%
Tham gia Idc lugng lao ddng md rdng^
Hien cd viec lam, tdng lam viec kiem sd'ng^
Hien cd viec lam, chda tCfng lam viec kiem sd'ng^
That nghiep^
That nghiep tiem nang^
Lam cdng viec cd ky nang'' Lam cdng viec cd ky nang'' Tong sd thanh nien
2003 62,6 55,8
- 11,7 32,5
- 38,9 5764
2008 76,4 58,7 28,2 3,5 9.6 17,5 24,2 7630 Nguon: SAVY 1 va SAVY 2
a: So vdi tong so thanh nien
b: La 4 thanh phan trong trong Idc lugng lao ddng md rdng cua thanh nien c: So vdi tong so' thanh nien hien cd viec lam
d: So vdi so thanh nien hien cd viec lam va da tdng lam viec kiem sd'ng
NHUNG VAN D6 KINH T6 VIM'
#nang dpc lap tai chfnh cho thanh nien ya cung dypc coi la mdt dac diem bat Ipi cho vj the eiia thanh nien tren thj trydng lao ddng, dae biet la dd'i vdi thanh nien ndng thdn.
- Viec lam co ky nang: la viee lam^ ddi hdi ngydi lao ddng phai ed nhi/ng ky thuat san xuat va ky nang lao ddng de hoan thanh nhifng cdng viec cd trinh dp phij^c tap nhat djnh thudc mdt nghe hdae mdt chuyen mdn hao dd.
2.2 Phuang phap nghien cuu
De phat hien nhCfng van de viec lam ma thanh nien ndng thdn gap phai sau thdi ky suy thoai kinh te, chung tdi sy dung sd lieu theo thdi gian, so s i n h cae tieu thCfe danh gia thye trang viec lam ciia thanh nidn ndng thdn giufa thdi die'm tie'n hanh dieu tra SAVY 1 nam 2003 va SAVY 2 thang 5/2009.
De dy doan kha nang ed viec lanh ky nang hay phat hien eae yeu td anh hydng tfch eye hay tieu eye de'n kha nang cd viec lam ky nang ciia thanh nien ndng thdn thdi ky sau suy thoai kinh te, sif dung m l u 5040 thanh nien ndng thdn hien cd viec lam, chung tdi sif dung md hinh hdi quy Logistic vdi ham phan phd'i xac suat ed dang nhy sau:
P(Y=lx) =
,Zi(x)
l+e
ZHx)trong dd:
r,U) = ln
P(Y =1 x) P(Y =0 x)
Z,MY, la bien rdi rac the hien kha nang cd viee lam ky nang ciia thanh nien i (bang 1 ne'u cd viec lam ky nang va bang 0 ne'u cd viec lam khdng ky nang), X- ik vector cac bie'n ddc lap ao lydng dac tfnh ca nhan nhy nhan kha'u hpc, vdn con ngydi, vd'n xa hpi dac diem gia dinh va eac ye'u to phan anh tinh hinh lao dpng
viee lani d dja phypng ma se dLfdc bieu dien thdng qua cac bien Viing. Cac bie'n Vung dypc lya chpn sif dung trong md hinh bao gdm: Vung ndng nghiep truyen thd'ng: Ddng Bac, t a y Bac, va Tay Nguyen;
Vung cd kinh te ndng nghiep la ldi the: Dong Bang sdng Hdng va Ddng Bang sdng Cifu Long; Vung cd cd cau kinh te phi ndng nghiep chiem uu the:
Duyen Hai Nam Trung Bd va Ddng Nam Bd va Bac Trung Bd; Vung kinh te trgng diem (cic tlnh thudc cae viing kinh te trpng dienn B i c Bd, Trung Bd, Nam Bd va Ddng Bang Sdng Ciru Long).
Cac tham sd p, ciia md hinh hdi quy logistic da bac dypc ydc lypng nhd ham ydc lypng hPp ly tdi da loglikelihood. Ty ket qua md hinh hdi q|uy logis- tic da bac tren cP sP sd lieu khao sat SAVY 2, cd the dy doan dypc cae xac suat thanh nien ndng thdn cd viec lam ky nang thay ddi so vdi tinh trang tham chieu la: xac suat ed viec lam ky nang 0.18 va viee lam khdng cd ky nang la 0.82 khi mdt bie'n ddc lap thay ddi. Cac xac suat difdc sif dung de lam gia trj tham chieu nay dypc xac dinh dya tren mye ty le trung binh l l m cdng viee cd ky nang trong tdng sd thanh ndng thdn hien cd viec lam nam 2008 theo dieu tra SAVY. Ty xac suat tham chieu ban dau nay va cac he sd ydc lypng ciia eae bie'n ddc lap trong md hinh hdi quy logistic da bac chung ta cd the dy doan c i c ty le cd viee lam k^ nang ciia thanh nien ndng thdn va quan sat dypc sy tang hoac giam hPn so vdi mi^e 18% tham chieu khi eac bien ddc lap thay ddi trong bieu dd (Hinh 3). Cac xac suat dy doan tren day ed the dypc giii thi'ch nhy sau, chang han, so vdi mife trung binh la 18%, thi ne'u thanh nien ndng thdn ed trinh dp ty cap d i n g dai hpc trd len, xac suat dydoah ho cd viec lam ky nang I I 78%, t i n g 60% so vdi mye trung binh; edn ne'u thanh nien ndng thdn phii lam viec kie'm sdng trydc 15 tudi thi x l e suit nay g i l m xudng chi cdn
cd 11% va nhufng sy thay ddi nay la cd y nghTa thd'ng ke (p<0.05).
3. Ke't qua nghien culi Chung tdi xem xet anh hydng cua suy thoai kinh te tdi mdt sd khi'a canh ciia lye lypng lao ddng thanh nien ndng thdn nhy trinh dp dao tao, ke't q u i viec lam, tren cd sd dd de xua't phydng hydng phat trien lyc lypng lao ddng ddng dao hay nham^ dd'i phd vdi nhu'ng bie'n ddi nhanh ehdng eiia moi trydng hdi nhap kinh te qude te.
3.1 Trinh do dao tao va ket qua viec lam cua liic luang lao dgng thanh nien nong thon
Chung ta nhan thay rang trinh dp dao tao eiia lyc lypng lao ddng thanh nien ndng thdn 5 narri qua (tCf 2003 de'n 2009) chya dypc c i i thien, ty le lao ddng chi/a qua d i o tao g i l m xudng (ty 75,3% xudng 70,4%) chii yeu la do gia tang ty le dang tham gia hpc nghe SP trung cap hoac da hoc nhyng bd dd (ty 5.7% Idn 10.4%) (blng 1).
Vdi chat lypng nhy vay, lye lypng lao ddng thanh nien ndng thdn da gap p h i i van de gi tren thi trydng lao ddng sau thdi ky suy thoai kinh te vC/a qua? Quan sat bieu do bieu dien cae ke't q u i viee lam eiia thanh nien ndng thdn so sanh gii/a hai thdi diem dieu tra Chung ta tha'y eae ehi tieu p h i n anh tinh trang that nghiep deu g i l m dang ke d SAVY 2 so vdi trydc dd 5 nam.
Tuy nhien, ty le thanh nien ndng thdn ed viee lam ky nang cung bj suy g i l m . Ro rang, khdng phii that nghiep la van de ciia thanh nien ndng thdn thdi ky hau suy thoai kinh te nia ia sy suy g i l m dang ke ty le thanh nien lam cdng viec ed ky nang. Lam viec kie'm sd'ng la mdt nhu cau thie't ye'u eiia mpi hgypi, dae biet la thanh nien, nen suy thoai' kinh te da lam g i l m cd hdi cd viec lam ky nang dd'i vdi thanh nien ndng thdn, khien hp p h i i chap nhan bat ky cdng viee nao dem (ai
trien
e HUNG VAN Oe KINH T6VI MO
Bang 2: Trinh do dao tao cua lyc liTdng lao dong thanh nien nong thon mof rong, SAVY 2003 va 2008
Dpn vi tfnh: % Chya qua dao tao
Da hpe xong nghe (ty sd trung cap trd xudng) Dang hoc nghe /sd trung cap/Cao d i n g Dai hoc Cao d i n g Dai hoc trd len
Tdng sd
2003 75,3 17,5 5,7 1,5 100,0
2008 70,4 17,2 10,4 2,0 100,0 Nguon: Phan tich tCf SAVY2003, 2008
Hinh 1: Ke't qua viec lam cua thanh nien nong thon Viet Nam giai doan 2003-2008
T ^ le o/o
«ong(b)
H i e n co v i e c l u n , chu-a tu-ns
l a m v i c e Kiem
Th4< That n g h i e p Lam c o n e I^m. c o n s ngKiep(l») t i e m v i e c co Ky v i e c co Ky
m 2 0 0 3 IBI 2 0 0 8
Ttrne l a m v i * c Kiem a o n s irons tuoi 4 i iwc
((farvi 18 t u a i X a )
Nguon: Phan tich td SAVY 2003, 2008 a: So vdi tong so thanh nien;
b; La 4 thanh phan trong luc luang lao dong md rgng cua thanh nien c: So vdi so thanh nien hien co viec lam va da tCfng lam viec kiem song
Hinh 2: Ty le thanh nien nong thon hien co viec lam, timg lam viec kie'm song, lam viec khong co ky nang theo trinh do dao tao, SAVY 2003-2008
a 4iua d a o 1:*o D 5 K»c x o j i g i i ° h * Da»i<i h o c »LeJ»r s o C a e <I*ne Ani tip*
E u 2003 a 200S
Nguon: Phan tich tdSAVY 2003, 2008
NHUlMGVRNDeKINHTeVIMl
Hinh 3: Cac ty le dydoan xac suat bieu dien kha nang co viec lam ky nang cua thanh nien nong thon Viet Nam, Mo hinh hoi quy Logistic, SAVY 2008
Mix do s i n kit t i a gia Jink CM (Biak floiinj'»"**'" **""'"'''' Tham ffiiaM Ailli chitc Me k W ^ K M viet ( t e limtitc la djih dans liam ckiiu)'
Clu Wiing lam liei (te lamviet la dull tons ">»»» '^^>
.Me toi njUep Cao iiufltai hot tie Itn (ttan litngliiep PTTH la nhom fliam t W i s ) ' " p 6.0:
Me 161 njiicp i» tnois (ip (tl»a til ngliiep FITH la nhem tham chieu) Mc ^t nghiep THPT (chf a titnghiep PTTH la nWm tham chien)*" ^ Cha (il nghiep Cac ding/'iai hot t i i len (th»a lot nghiep PTTH la jihom Ihara thien)
Cha til nghiep j» Inuig tif (thua tit nghiep FTTH la nhom tham thieu)* • ' Cha lit nghiep THPT (chna til nghiep PTTH la nhom tham thiiu) 10ttfH^>vitgctui^ilM)t4; mc iv^h*mrt}iclUaj 1} iU(>9ii^tujigc]M jin doit ikin)
Khong song (ting tha va me do cha mc chel ha; ly di (tong mot minh) Oia dinh to 4 ton no ien (I hoat 2 con U nhom tham thieu) |
Gia dinh to 3 con (1 hoac 2 con la nhom tham chieu) Mnt song tao (mu-c soitg thip la nhom tham thiett)***
Mitc song tntng binh (nut song thap la nhom tham chien)"' T« toi tnng ban than Lat fiun (Buon chan la linh trang iham thie u) Kit lat quan (Buon than ia tinh trang Iham thieu) Hoan loan tin vao Kha nang ban dian, trienvong congniec ta thu shap*
Cao dang dat hoc (Clura ^ua dao tao la nhom diam (hieu)***
Hoc nglie, so trusgcap, CD DHdo i a n g ( C ) u a ^ d a o tao la nhom diam thien)***
Ba hot xong nghe, to trang tq> (Chira <pu dao tao la nhom Iham thieu)'**
Lam viec tneoc 1$ tuoi**
Da tirng di dan (song xa nha lien tut titnllhang}
Da tirng ket hom'song thung*' Tuoibinhphttong
Tuii**
KinliJHoa (Dan toe khac la nhom Iham thieu)***
Nam (Ni la nhom tham thieu) Vimg loi the nong nghiep (vitngphi nong n ^ e p lam tham chieu)*'*
Vitng nong nghiep truyen thong (vitngphi nong nghiep lam tham chieu)***
Thuoc Viing phi noi^ "ghiep va Viing Kinh le Bong diem (Vimg ngoai trong diem la Thuoc Viing to loi the nong nglu^ vaViing Kuih te Hong diem (Viing ngoai tiong
.dica.la viing lhara thieu)**
Thuot Viing nong nghiep truyen thong va Viing Kinh te Irong diem (Vitng ngoai tiong dien la viing Iham thii u)**
Nhom tham thieu
0.t 0.10 0.20 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0,80 0.90 (cac hQ so ude luang tuang Ung vdi cac bie'n doc lap co y nghTa thong ke a mdc y nghTa 0.1 ky hieu *;
mdc 0.05 la ";va 0.01 la'") Likelihood Ratio Tests
Chi-Square: 1210.831 Sig. O.OOOPseudo R-Square:
Cox and Snell 0.281; Nagelkerke 0.465; MeFadden 0.355
thu nhap. thon 6\jgc dao tao hien phai song cJa gia tang nhanh (cJeu Dieu (Jang noi hdn, do la ty «Jang lam nhQng cong viec tang tC/ gap 2 den gap 5 lan) le lao dong thanh nien nong khong c6 ky nang de kiem sau suy thoai kinh te, gay nen
11
^ 1
H U M G V H I \ I 0 6 K I N H T 6 V I M 6tinh trang lang fDhf nguon nhan
\Uc kha ldn. Bieu do sau cho thay ro tlnh trang nay.
3.2 Cac yeu to anh huang tdi kha iiang co viec lam ky nang cua thanh nien nong thon
Ket qua cho thay, ve phia c u n g j a o dong, trinh do dao tao v i n la yeu to tac dong tfch cL/c manh nha't tdi kha nang c6 viec lam ky nang doi v6i thanh nien nong thon Viet Nam thdi ky sau suy thoai kinh te. Neu thanh nien da hoc xong mot nghe hoac c6 trinh do cao dang dai hoc trd len deu lam tang rat I6n xac suat c6 viec lam ky nang cua thanh nien \ii 18% (nhom chu'a qua dao tao) len 68% (neu da hoc xong nghe),va 78% (neu c6 trinh do cao d i n g dai hoc tr6 len). Ben canh do, ve phi'a cau lao (Jong, nhung vung phd bien nhieu cd hoi viec lam trong nong nghiep nhif vung nong nghiep truyen thong va dac biet la vung c6 \d\
the nong nghiep thi se giup tang kha nang c6 viec lam ky nang cua thanh nien nong thon len tCr 10% den 20% so vdi vung tham chieu la vung phi nong nghiep chie'm uti the.
Dieu nay cung chung to, hoat dong trong ITnh VL/C nong nghiep phu h<3p v6i thanh nien nong thon va da ft bi anh hu'dng bdi suy thoai kinh te thdi gian vC/a qua.
Cac yeu to lam giam nhieu nha't kha nang cd viec lam ky nang cua thanh nien ndng thdn bao gom: ngu'di me^cd trinh do hoc van tC/ cao dang dai hoc tr5 len, thanh nien da ke't hdn hoac sd'ng chung, thanh nien tCing lam viec sdm trudc 15 tudi, trong dd cd le ye'u td thCr nha't gay si/ khd hieu hdn ca. Su bao boc cua cac bac cha me trinh do cao, dac biet la ngu'di me khien cho thanh nien cd xu hudng chap nhan nhijrig cdng viec khdng dUdc tra cdng trong gia dinh, ma hau he't nhCfng cdng viec nay khdng ddi hoi ky nang thdi ky suy thoai kinh te la ly le phu hcpp de giai thi'ch tlnh trang nay. Phai tham gia lam viec sdm va ke't hdn deu la nhiing
yeu td lam giam cd hdi lira chon tren thj tri/dng lad ddng cua thanh nien ndng thdn khi phan Idn sd nay khdng cd cd hdi de dau tif nang cao trinh dd va ky nang lao dong cua ban than de cd the tlm kiem va dam nhan rniot cong viec cd ky nang, va diem bat \d'\ nay cang tram trpng hdn khi cd hdi viec lam cd ky nang tren thi tru'dng lao ddng suy giam do tlnh trang suy thoai kinh te.
3.3 Phuang hudng <phat trien life lugng lao dgng thanh nien nong thon sau suy thoai kinh te
Dd'i vdi luc lL/(3ng lao ddng thanh nien ndng thdn, nhdm that nghiep khdng phai la nhdm can quan tam duy nha't vi tinh trang that nghiep ft phd bien vdi hp hdn thanh nien thanh thj, tham trf khi suy thoai kinh te xay ra, liic lUdng lao ddng chfnh trong gia dinh bj mat viec lam cd the cdn thuc day hp can tham gia thj tri/dng lao ddng va cd viec lam de trang trai mi/u sinh nhieu hdn.
Ben canh nhdm thanh nien ndng thdn that nghiep, nhdm can di/dc quan tam nhieu dd la nhufng thanh nien ndng thdn budc phai lam cdng viec khdng cd ky nang, dac biet la nhdm da qua dao tao. De cd the giup hp nang cao kha nang cd viec lam ky nang, chung tdi tap trung vao hai nhdm de xua't cd ban tac ddng tdi cung-cau lao ddng.
Ke't qua nghien ciTu tren day cho tha'y viec hpc nghe cung dem lai ldi i'ch cao cho thanh nien ndng thdn ,gan nhi/ vdi trinh dp cao d i n g dai hpc trong viec tang kha nang cd viec lam ky nang, day la cac yeu td tac dpng tfch ci/c nha't, giup hp van cd vj the viec lam tdt sau suy thoai kinh te. Vl vay, nen tuyen truyen de md rdng them nhieu cd hpi hpc nghe, dac biet la nghe ndng nghiep tai cho cho thanh nien ndng thdn. Khuye'n khi'ch cac hd gia dinh va ban than thanh nien ndng thdn dau tu vao nang cao trinh dp, ky nang trifdc khi tham gia^ lao ddng, giam tlnh trang phai lam viec
kie'm sdng sdm, ket hdn sdm de cai thien cd hdi cua hp tren thj tru'dng lao ddng. Trong qua trinh nay, nhdm thanh nien dan tdc thieu sd cung can di/dc quan tam tam nhieu hdn de giup hp thu hep khoang each vdi thanh nien ngi/di Kinh/Hoa.
Ben canh do, ket qua nghien ci/u cung gdi y, ngoai viec nhanh chdng hdi phuc lai cac cd hpi viec lam cd ky nang bj suy giam do suy thoai kinh te, nen phat trien cac hoat ddng ndng nghiep hien dai, ddi hoi SLf dung lao ddng cd trinh dp yi xu hi/dng nay tao them nhieu cd hdi viec lam ky nang phu hdp cho thanh nien ndng thdn hdn nhCfng nganh nghe va ITnh vi/c kinh te khac trong giai doan hien nay. Cac vung kinh te trong diem, dac biet la cac vung cd ldi the ndng nghiep can tang ci/dng tap trung phat trien cac the manh ndng nghiep trcng vung giup nhanh chdng tao them nhieu Cd hpi viec lam cd ky nSng cho thanh nien ndng thdn, ddng thdi tao ddng li/c phat trien manh me hdn cho cac vung ndng nghiep.
4. Ke't luan
Suy thoai kinh te khdng lam tang tirh trang that nghiep cua IL/C lifdng lao ddng thanh nien ndng thdn Viet Nam ma lam gia tang dang ke ty le thanh nien budc phai chap nhan nhufng cdng viec khdng cd ky nang. Thdng qua phan tfch cac yeu td anh hu'dng tdi kha nang cd viec lam ky nSng cua thanh nien ndng thdn, chung tdi cho rang can da'y manh dao tao nghe tai chd cho thanh nien ndng thdn, nha't la nhufng nghe trong JTnh vi/c ndng nghiep vi day v i n la ITnh vi/c hoat ddng phu hdp vdi thanh nien ndng thdn giai doan hien nay.C!)
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. MOH, GSO, UNICEF, and WHO. 2005. Dieu tra Quoc gia ve Vj thanh nien va thanh nien Viet Nam.
