P E T R O V I E T N A M
IMAIMG CAO HIEU QUA LAM .VIEC CUA BdM CAIM HUT i
Burda Juriy Myroslavovych '
Le Quoc Quynh, TS. Velychkovych Andriy Semenovych TrUdng OH Cdng nghe Ddu khi ivano Frankivsk, Ukraine
Bdi viet gidi thieu chi tiet ve nguyen tdc hogt ddng vd cdu tgo cua he thong bam cdn hut thuy lUc. Bien phdp ndng cao hieu qud Idm viec gdm viec sUdung cot ong chdt long ndng Idm giam nhe lUc tdc dung len cdn hut, Idm tdng dugc do ben cua cdn ndng, ddng thdi cung sU dung he thdng gidm xdc Id xo dia, Idp tren cdn ndng cua bam de dieu hda bien do dao ddng cua lUc tdc dung len cdn ndng.
Odng thdi bdi bdo cung phdn tich rd chi tiet cdc dgi lugng vdt ly ve mgt he thdng cdn ndng thUc tedugc che tgo.
Trong nganh cdng nghiep dau khi eua Ukraine va eae nude tren the gidi deu sd dung rat rdng rai thiet bi b o m can hut de khai thae dau khi, vi he t h d n g nay ed eau tao don gian va ben vdng trong qua trinh van hanh khai thae.
Thdng thudng, he t h d n g truyen lUe la dung mgt ddng eo dien khdng ddng b d ba pha de hoat d d n g . De tao duge dieu kien ly tUdng cho he t h d n g lam viec t d t khdng phai la dieu don gian vi quy luat chuyen ddng cua can nang khdng phu thude vao dng lUc tac dung len phan tren eua can nang ma ehi phu thude vao quy luat chuyen ddng cua he thdng truyen luc (neu ddng co quay vdi tan sd vdng n thi can nang chuyen ddng vdi quy luat, vdi k la he sd bien ddi tdc d o eua hop sd truyen ddng).
Can nang lam nhiem vu quan trgng la truyen chuyen
ddng tinh tien cua dau d d n bay cho Plunger. Phan tren cua can nang chiu lUc thay d o i bien dang khdng ddi xdng hinh sin vdi he sd bien d a n g dUOng (tuong dng bien dang keo), cdn phan dudi cua can nang cung chju luc thay d o i bien dang ko ddi xdng am (bien dang nen).
Anh hudng eua d n g lUc thay doi lam giam d n g suat chju dung eua can nang (vat lieu chdng bj mdi). Ngoai ra trong dau edn chda m d t sd khi ed tinh oxy hda cao nhU COj, HjS, O j . . . eung lam cho vat lieu bi oxy hda lam giam di dng suat cho phep chiu d u n g cua can nang. D d n g t h d i trong qua trinh lam viec, he t h d n g bj rung, chju va dap va eae yeu t d khac cung tang do mdi eua vat lieu rat de dan tdi bj d u t gay, gay tai nan. Bdi vay, yeu eau can thiet cap bach la tim kiem eae bien phap nang eao tinh ben cho can nang de nang cao san lugng ed the khai thae.
Mgt trong nhdng phUOng phap hieu qua nhSm nang cao san lugng khai thae la sd dung bgm can hut vdi he t h d n g cot chat Idng nang. 6 he t h d n g nay chuyen d d n g cua Plunger dugc thue hien bdi su thay doi dieu hda ap suat d hai phia cua Plunger (thap hon 8MPa). So d o cau
DAU K H i - S O 2/2011 3 7
Hinh 1. He thdng bdm cdn hut thuy luc(l. Ddn bdy; 2. Cdn ndng;
3. 6ng khai thdc; 4. Bam chim; 5. Plunger, cd Idp them piton; 6. Packer;
7. Chdt Idng ndng; 8. Ong chdng; 9. Van mdt chieu cua dng khai thdc) tao eua he thdng dugc md ta nhu Hinh 1.
Nguyen tac lam viec cua he thdng bom can hut thuy lUc nhu sau:
-F Dudi tac dung cua trgng lUOng can nang (dng nang) Plunger chuyen ddng xudng phia dUdi, van hut md, dau di vao dng khai thae.
Dieu kien chuyen ddng cua Plunger la:
H,xp,(f, - fj < G, -F Grft + Hxp,(f, - fj
p,P2 la trgng lugng rieng eua chat Idng nang va eua dau.
f„ /21a dien tieh tiet dien cua piton Plunger.
-F d qua trinh bom, tdc la Plunger chuyen ddng di len theo can nang, van hut ddng, chat Idng nang tao ra dudi piton mgt luc nang lam giam duge lUe tac dung len can nang 2.
Luc tac dung len ddn bay la:
Q = GJG,JG,F„F,„
GJa trgng lugng cua can nang; la trgng lugng cua phan dau bgm dugc,
Grfla trgng lugng cua phan dau phia tren piton; la lUc nang do ap suat via tao nen;
F,„la luc nang do cdt chat Idng nang tao ra.
Chieu cao cdt chat Idng cang Idn thi F,„
cang Idn, nen cang giam duge dng lUc cho dng nang, nhUng dl nhien phai tinh vao dieu kien di xuong cua Plunger va dieu kien kinh te ky thuat khac nda, de xac djnh do eao cho phu hgp.
Bdi vay viec de nghj md hinh bom can hut chat Idng nham giam dng lUc tdi da cho can nang 2 va lam dieu hda hon bien do dao ddng cua dng lUc tae dung len dng khai thae, dieu do rat cd ich eho he thdng va tang do hieu qua eua he thdng bom.
Nham lam tdt hon nda trong viec dieu hda dng \uc tae dung len can nang, ngudi ta cdn lap them bg giam xdc 6 dau ndi cua ong vdi cap t d dau ddn bay.
Ket qua ly thuyet va thUc nghiem da chdng minh viec sd dung bg giam xdc eho
Hinh 2. Sa dd he thdng gidm xdc (1. Thanh ngang ho trg; 2. Cdpnoi td dau ddn bdy xudng; 3. Thanh ngang tren; 4. Bd gdn cdp; 5. Dinh dc dieu chinh nhdm muc dich ndng cao hay hg xudng thanh ngang 3; 6. Thanh ngang dudi; 7. Dai dc dieu khien; 8. Bd gidm xdc Id xo dia; 9. Piton; 10. Cdn ndng thdng, ndi true tiep vdi Plunger; 11.
Dai dc; 12. Dai 6c bdo ve)
38 OAU KHf - S O 2/2011
P E T R O V I E T N A M
he thdng bom can hut khdng nhdng lam giam duge lue tae dung len can nang, dieu hda dUgc bien do lue hon, ma cdn chdng duge va dap.
Cac dia dan hdi cd the cd do day gidng nhau hoac khac nhau tuy thuge vao each che tao va dieu kien lam viec va ehung ed the thao ra hay lap vao them dugc.
Nguyen tac lam viec eua bd giam xdc:
-F Khi dau cua ddn bay di len phia tren, keo day cap 2 va thanh ngang dudi 6, day thanh ngang 3 va nen bd giam xdc Id xo dia 8. Plunger va chat Idng bat dau duge keo len khi lue dan hdi cua lo xo can bang vdi lue keo cua cap. Dieu dd nghia la khi ddn bay keo cap di len thi phai sau mdt thdi gian Plunger mdi chuyen dgng di len. Viec nay lam giam bien do lam viec cua Plunger di mdt doan AI bang chinh do bien dang eua bd Id xo giam xdc. Vi vay trong khi che tao he thdng bom can tinh toan den do giam nay de che tao va lap dat cho phu hgp.
-F Khi dau ddn bay di ve phia dUdi, bd Id xo d7a t d t d giam ve vj tri khdng bien dang ban dau, va di nhien can nang ddng yen mgt lue rdi mdi di xudng theo.
Vay la trong qua trinh lam viec, bd giam xdc tieh mgt phan nang lugng d dang dan hdi va sau dd nha ra, lam eho he thdng lam viec dugc em hgn.
Ve viec bj giam bien do lam viec cua Plunger ed the khac phue nhu sau:
Hinh 3. Dd thi thay doi cua Ung luc tdc dung len cdn ndng (dudng dut gudng Id dd thi khi khdng sddung bd gidm xdc; dudng lien Id dd thi khi sddung bd gidm xdc)
-FTang bien do dao ddng eua dau ddn bay 1 ( Hinh 1).
-F Viec sd dung dai dc dieu khien 7 (Hinh 2) cd the thuc hien viec dieu ehinh do cdng eua bd giam xdc (tdc la dieu chinh do bien dang cua bd giam xdc) den gia trj tdi Uu can thiet. Gia trj bien dang tdi Uu phu thuge vao dng lUe lam viec, tdc la phu thude vao luu lugng khai thae.
De khao sat mgt each chinh xac ta thuc nghiem vdi mgt he thdng bom can hut nhu sau: Bien do lam viec cua can nang s = 2,4m; sd lan nang tren phut n=9; ap sua't trong gieng la 3,4 MPa; ty sd bien do dao dgng cua can nang va Plunger la 0,8 ta ed do thj thay doi dng lUe nhu Hinh 3.
Nhin vao do thj ta thay rd duge hieu qua cua bg giam xdc la giam dugc bien do dao dgng ca dng luc va gia trj tdi da cua dng lue.
Trong qua trinh che tao va van hanh thiet bj nang cd giam xdc thi viec tinh chinh xae dng suat ma cac tam dia chju dung va do bien dang cua nd la rat quan trgng. Hinh 4 md ta so do lap dat tam dia thep dan hdi.
De don gian tinh toan ta xet bai toan trong dieu kien eae tam dTa gidng nhau (nghia la eung kich thude va vat lieu che tao). De tinh do bien dang cua ca bd giam xdc thi ta tinh eho mgt nut (1 dia thanh phan) rdi nhan vdi n nut.
Do bien dang eua dia la rat nhd so vdi do day cua dia nen md hinh tinh toan d day la coi la dia mdng. Tdc la ta tinh bien dang cua dia ehi la bien dang udn, chd khdng tinh tdi bien dang do nen.
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
9/^///////////,
; . - • • • - . - ^
W7///////////Z
^ \ \ \ \ \ \ x \ \ \ x ^
////////.
I R V W V W W W W S
.'./.:'.'//.
W///////'/////A
^ ^ s ^ ^
~/////////////A
•m.S \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ V N ^
y///////////^
ff\\^\\\^\^^v^>
^////////////
Hinh 4. Md hinh sdp xep dia thep ddn hdi
DAU K H I - S O 2/2011 3 9
q
'////M/////A
"^m
Q^
M,- VTTm
"Zk
V. I a
'//y//i:'/y/////A
Ih
^^
mw.
Q-
Mr
c =
47tD(l-Fn)- ^ ( 1 + H ) l n - + 1 b--a- a
C , = 2 ^_^ - ( l - F U J l n - .
(6)
The bieu thdc (4) va (6) vao p h u o n g trinh (3) ta nhan duac.
M,
M,
?(l + ^ ) 4ii
. ? ( I + M ) b' b' -a'\
4n
b- ( ^'\
b'-a'
I n ^ - l n ^
, b . r \-\i l n - - l n - - F — -
a o 1-FH
(7)
Hinh S. Md hinh tinh toan cua dia thep Qng suat cUc dai sinh ra tren thanh mep trong cua dia
Td dieu kien can bang eua eae dia thep (tam thep) (Hinh 5) ta tinh duge cudng do luc Qz:
e , - 2 7 1 / • = <?=>£>,
2nr (1)
Phuong trinh Lagrange ve do udn cua tam dia trdn cd dang
o„..„=- 3q 2-Klr
— ^ ( l - F n ) l n - - F l - i a
b'-a' a (8)
T d p h u o n g trinh 4, tich phan len ta dugc do bien dang udn eua dia la:
w=C-,-C, C,ln —-F—^ In - ' 2 ^ a EnDi a 2
(9)
d-B do^_e _o_Q,i- dr dr dr r D
(2)
Md men hudng tam va m d men uong dugc tinh n h u sau:
A, r^ de e] ,, fe do\ ,,,
M,.=D\-- + \i-\. M,=D\- + \i—i (3)
Vdi D = EIr
-^ - Do cdng cua khdi hinh t r u . 1 2 ( l - n - )
Giai phuong trinh vi phan (2) va the bieu thdc (1) ta duoc:
^ = C , r - F ^ ^ _ , . i n _
/• 47tD a (4)
Cac hang sd C,,C2 dugc tinh t d dieu kien bien cua bai toan. Md men udn hudng tam Mr tai eae mat bien eua t a m dia phai bang 0, nghia la khi r = a, r = b t h i :
{MX..=^. (•V/,.L=O (5)
S d d u n g dieu kien (5) va phuong trinh (3), (4) ta tinh dugcC,,C2
De xae djnh hang s d t i c h phanC3 ta s d d u n g dieu kien bien (w)r^b = 0. Khi do ta cd bieu thdc:
C , / ; ,
r EnD
r ' \ n -
^ 2 , b b^-r^
•b \n~- +
(10)
De tinh do bien dang udn eua dia ta t h e vao phuong trinh (10) r = a vdi cac hang sd d bieu thdc (6), ta dugc:
q-n 871 D
1 3 - H | i / ; 2 i \ i + | i 2 1-FH
^ ^ - a ^ > :
•1^
2a'b' , , b In" —
b'-a' a
(11)
Neu trong t r u d n g hgp b d giam xdc dugc cau thanh bang nhieu t a m thep cd kich thude khac nhau t h i ta cd the tinh t o n g bien dang udn cua t d n g cai, khi d d bieu thdc cd dang:
4 0 D A U K H I - S O 2/2011
P E T R O V I E T N A M
1 + ^,
1^-^^}
71 E^hf
2a'b' b'-a'^""
1 2
b' a
1 + H,
(12)
Vdi h„ E„ n, la do day, modul dan hdi va he sd Poatxong eua tdng tam thep.
Nhu da ndi d tren vi bai toan xet d day la dung eae dia mdng nen de cho don gian khi xay dung bieu thdc ta dung md hinh tinh toan cho bai toan dia mdng, do sai lech vdi thue te la khdng dang ke. NhUng neu ma dung dia cd do day Idn thi ngoai bien dang udn cua dia, ta can xet them eae bien dang khac n h u nen, xoan. Vay nen eae bieu thdc tren se dUa ra sai lech Idn, can xay dung m d hinh tinh toan khac.
Oe hinh dung ve sU anh hudng cua ddng lUc bien thien tren can nang, ta thay luc hang q trong cac bieu thdc tren bang lUc bien thien:
q(t) = q.sintat
Tan sd dao ddng rieng cua he dan hdi la:
(13)
0) = n^
2 1 - n ^ 87t£)
A l-Fji l-a'-b' -a-)+—-•—, -
^ l - H b'-a-
•in-'-
a 1 (14)
He sd ddng lue la:
P
1 - CO"
co„'
(15)
Phan tich cac bieu thdc (13), (14) va (15) ta thay tan sd lUc eudng bdc co (la tan sd nang cua dau ddn bay) va tan sd dao ddng rieng COQ cua he khac rat xa nhau, cu the co « COQ nen khdng can tinh toan den trUdng hgp chdng cdng hudng cho he dan hoi.
Oe minh hga cho cac ket qua ly thuyet tinh toan, ta lay mdt vi du thuc tien n h u sau: Bd giam xdc cd cac dai lugng la:
Ban kinh trong cua dia a = 0,03m;
Ban kinh ngoai cua dia b = 0,081 m;
Sd dTa n = 20;
M d d u n dan hdi cua thep E = 2,11-10^ MPa;
He sd PoatXong/j = 0.3;
Hinh 6 la do thj ve dng suat cUc dai tUOng dUOng cua dia phu thude vao do day eua nd, dng vdi cac dng lUe q khac nhau.
SP
9x10*
S.lxio'
o2(h) ejxio'
Z « i ' 4.5x10' olCh) 3.6x10' 1.8x10*
9xlo' 0
I \
\ \ \ \
\ \
< \ \
\ '"^ \
\ V >v
\ js, Nw
\ N. N, ^ s !
\ V ^ -^
0.012 0018 0.024 O.Oi
Do day cua &
q-20KN IJ=50KN q-80KN q=120KN (1-160 KN
Hinh 6. Dd thi phu thude cua dng luc cue dai theo do ddy cua dTa theo dd ddy cua dia
N h u t h u d n g le, de che tao eae t a m t h e p dia ta t h u d n g d u n g t h e p Id xo, cu the la d u n g t h e p V o n p h r a m - Silie 65C2BA, hoac t h e p Chrome-Silic 60C2XA vdi eae loai t h e p nay thi dng suat chay la CTJ = 1700MPa, dng suat ben la CTM = 1900 MPa, ty sd bien dang khi pha huy la <5 = 6%; do co la - y/ = 2 0 % . TrUdng hgp dng lue nhd hoac khdng can thiet dung t h e p dat tien ed the d u n g eae loai thep re tien la thep Silie 60C2A, hoac 70C3A vdi dng suat chay tUOng dng la 1400 va 1600 MPa.
Hinh 7 mieu ta do bien dang cua bg Id xo theo dng lUe tac dung trong t r u d n g hgp tam t h e p cd do day khac nhau.
•Kq) 0,03
•2(q)
2^0,02
•Kq)
0
Bien do lljc tac duag q - h=0.007 m
-h=0,OIm -h=0.012m -h=0,015m - h=0 02 m
Hinh 7. Dd thi phu thude do bien dgng cua he vdo bien dd dng luc tdc dung q
DAU K H f - S O 2/2011 4 1
Ket qua ly thuyet tinh toan trong bai bao nay cho phep che tao duge bg nang dan hdi hieu qua trong cdng viec. Uu diem cua each bd tri dia dan hdi nay la don gian, de thao lap va re tien. Trong thuc te ta cung cd the dung cac bd phan dan hdi khac nhu Id xo hay eae dia dac chju bien dang tdt bang eao su, chat deo...
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2. M. PaduHoew^ A. M. TudponHeeMamunecKue ycmpoCicmea e npueode znyduHHOuacocHoCi ycmauoeKu.
Heflpa, 1982.- 101 e.
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>KUHU // PoseidKa ma pospodKO uacpmoeux i easoeux podo- 6L/ti<.-2007.-N92.-C.61 -65.
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MauiuHOcmpoeHue. 1973. - 384c.
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• f f r ' ^2 DAU KHi - s o 2/2011
