BAO DAM QUYEN VE VIEC LAM CHO NGircn CAO TUOI LA Ntr Gl6l TRONG PHAP L U A T VIET NAM HIEN NAY
• TRAN THf LE HANG
TOM TAT:
Bao dam quyen vS vi?c l^m cho nguofi cao tuoi la n& gidi trong phap luat Vi?t Nam 1^ mpt trong nh&ng van de can dugc quan tam hi?n nay. Bai \iet phan tich cac khia canh ly luan cQng nhu thi;c tiln lien quan den quydn nay, qua do, dS xuSt mpt s6 khuyen nghj va giai phap.
Til- kh6a: Ngu6i cao tuoi, nguai cao tuoi la nii giai. quyen ve \ lec lam, lao dpng.
1. D'M van de
Trong tinh hinh hien nay khi xu the hoi nhap kinh te quoc te dang dien ra manh me tren mpi ITnh vyc va Vict Nam dang trong qua trinh tien hanh \ay dung Nha niroc phap quyen xa hoi chii nghia "ciia dan, do dan, vi dan".
Ngudi cao tuoi la mpt chu the trong xa hpi ciiti dupe ton trpng va bao ve cac quyen loi chinh dang. Trong do, quyen ve viec lam la mpt trong nhiing quyen quan trpng nhat doi
\6i nguai cao tuoi noi ehung va nguai cao tuoi la nfr giai noi neng. de dam bao cho hp co duoc thu nhap, co co hpi song doc lap, khong phu thupc va dupe ton trpng. Theo Du bao dan s6 Viel Nam giai doan 2014 - 2049 cua GSO va UNFPA, nhom dan s6 65 tudi tra ien nam 2014 la 7.1" i> du bao tang len 18,1% nam 2049 . Nhu \ a\ theo du bao, dan so dang thay d6i theo \ u huong lao hoa \ a ngay cang tang nhanh. Dae biet, \ u huang "niJ hoa" dan so cao tu6i (chiem 5'-)"o so lupng nguoi cao tuoi 2014) \ a nhom na\ thuong de ton thuong hon vai su tac dong ha\ cu soc ve kinh te - xa hpi.
Nhom ngirai cao tuoi la nCr gidi eo ty le song d nont! thon, song mpt minh. co dieu kien sdng thdp nh^t \ a t\ le co thu nhap, cd % iec lam lai
it hon nam gidi. Hp de gap riii ro vi thu nhap thap, phu thupc kinh te, khdng dam bao dieu kien sdng, khdng duac cham sdc sue khde tdt nhat, de mac cac benh man tinh. Trong boi canh dd, hp de roi \ a o tinh trang phu thupc vao ngudi khac dan den nhung han che trong viee hudng thu cac quyen ciia ho, dudi nhiing hinh thirc va muc dp khac nhau.
Phap luat giiJ mdt vi the vd ciing quan trpng trong ddi sdng - xa hdi, cac quy dinh phap luat can duac bd sung \ a hoan thien tir cae quy djnh bao dam cho ngudi cao tudi ndi chung va ngudi eao tudi la nii: gidi ndi rieng.
2. Noi dung nghien ciru 2.1. Mpt so thuat ngir
Thuat ngir "ngudi cao tudi" (older person/
the eldrly trong lieng .A.nh, personnes agee trong tieng Phap. Personas mayores trong tieng Tay Ban Nha) dupe hieu theo cac y khac nhau tren the gidi, theo CESCR thi ngudi cao tudi la "older persons" chi ngudi tir 60 tudi' trd len, cdn phap luat Viet Nam qu\ dinh ngudi cao tuoi la ngudi
"tir du 60 tudi trd len"\ Cd the nhan thay, cd id hdng khoang each tuoi trong quan diem vc thuat ngir "tir du 60 tudi trd len" den "chi tir 60 tudi trd len" giiJa Viet Nam \ a qude te
_Ngudi cao tudi la nCr gidi" ngay cang chiem ty le cao trong nhdm ngudi^cao tudi boi tudi thp cua phu nir dai hon (khoang tir 2 - 8 tuoi). xu hudng ty le ciing dp tudi nam
; " " ^ '=f^et sdm hon nu. Trong sd ngudi cao tudi tir 80 trd len, sd cac cu ba g^n nliu ddng gap hai Ian sd cac cu dng va trong sd ngudi cao tudi 100 trd len, so cac cu ba ddng han 4 - 5 Ian sd cac cu dng. 19" <, sd cac cu ba song mpt minh (do ly hdn/iy than) so \ d i ,S% sd cac cu dng, 80% sd cac cu dng tai hon so vdi chi 48% sd cac cu ba"*. Ngudi cao tudi la nir gidi nam trong nhdm thupc nguy ca d l chiu tdn thuong kcp, trong dd bao gdm cac >eu td chung gay ton thuang cho ngudi cao tudi va nhung yeu td rieng gay tdn thuang cho nhdm nft cao tudi. Chinh vi \ay, hp rai can cd su quan tam hon nti-a tir xa hpi cung nhu tir Dang va Nha nude.
Ngudi cao tudi la nir gidi can su quan tam mpi mat de dam bao cudc sdng, sire khoe, tam ly va hda nhap cdng ddng. Do dd, can bao dam cac quyen lai cho hp, trong dd cd "quyen ve viec lam" la mdt trong nhirng quyen quan trpng nhat. Va day eung dang la van de khdng chi a Viet Nam ma toan cau deu quan tam.
"Quyen ve viec lam" khdng ehi la quyen cd viec lam ma duoc nhin nhan d van dc quyen tao dieu kien lam \ iee cho ca nhan de sdng duoc tdn trpng. Cho tdi thdi diem hien tai.
chua cd bat cii Cdng ude qudc te nao ghi nhan rieng v^ quyen viec lam cua ngudi eao tudi hay ngudi eao tudi la nii gidi. nhung dua tren Quy^n ve viec lam ndi chung dupe ghi nhan tai Binh luan ehung sd 6. 19 cua CESCR eiing kha day du.
CJ Viet Nam, cac quy dinh trong eac chinh sach, van ban luat, phap lenh, nghi quyet, chi thi... v6 ngudi cao tudi cijng tuong ddi tuong ddng vdi cac cdng irdc qudc ic trong qua trinh hpi nhap, Di^u dd giiip bao ve quyen Igi ciia ngirdi cao tudi ndi chung va ngudi cao tudi la nir gidi ndi rieng tai Vict Nam. cd y nghTa quan trong trong cdng tac bao dam hai hda, binh dang gidi trong xa hdi d mpi tang lap, mpi Idp tudi.
2.2. Mat so cff sdrphdp ly
Dang va Nha nude da r§t quan tarn khdng chi cac chinh sach cho ngudi cao mdi ndi chung. ma cho den gan day da ban hanh tren 60 van ban (luat, phap lenh, nghi qu>et. chi thi,...) lien quan den ngudi cao tudi. \ a cdn dac biet quan tam long ghep each chinh sach, qu\ dinh lien quan den quyen Ipi ciia ngudi cao tudi la nir gidi.
Ngudi cao tudi la nir gidi khdng chi dupe hudng cac quyen ciia cdng dan ghi nhan d cac van ban phap luat ma edn hudng cac quyen cua ngudi cao tudi ndi ehung va eac quyen neng ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi la niJ gidi. Trudc tien, xet d cap dp luat, quy dinh phap lu^t ve ngudi cao tudi the hien rd net dau tien la Luat Ngudi cao tudi duoc Qudc Hpi nude Cdng hda xa hdi chii nghTa Viet Nam, khda XII thdng qua ngay 23/11/2009 va cd hieu luc thi hanh tir ngay 01/7/2010. Luat nay quy dinh cu the quyen va nghTa vu ciia ngudi cao tudi; trach nhiem eua ca quan td chirc, gia dinh va ca nhan ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi; cac hanh vi bi cam ddi vdi ngudi eao tudi. Theo quy dinh tai Dieu 2 Luat Ngudi eao tudi nam 2009 thi ngudi cao tudi la "Cdng dan Viet Nam tir du 60 tudi trd len". Trong dd, mpt van de quan trpng duge ghi nhan ve quyen ciia ngudi cao tudi: ''Bvtqc tao dieu kien lam viec phii hgp vdi siic khde, nghe nghiep va cac dieu kien khac d^ phat huy vai trd ngudi eao tudi"^ Ngoai ra, Hi^n phap nam 2013 ghi nhan Quyen ve viec lam: "Cdng dan cd quyen lam viec, lira chpn nghe nghiep,
\ iec iam va noi lam viec."^.
Che do iam viec ddi vdi ngudi eao tudi la nir gidi \ a ngudi cao tudi ndi ehung ngay cang dupe cu the va hoan thien trong eae quy dinh ciia nganh Luat. Nhu Bd luat Lao ddng 2012 sua ddi, bd sung nam 2015 ghi nhan ngudi cao tudi la mdt chii the lao ddng dac biet trong quan he lao ddng, ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi hp khdng phai thuc hien nghia vu lao dpng nira. (Quv dinh tai Muc 2, Chucmg XI). Dieu nay phii hgp
\ di xu thd la ngay cang cd nhieu ngudi cao tudi mudn tiSp tyc iam \icc. cdng hi^n cdng sire, kinh nghiem cua minh de vira thant ^la
cac hoat dpng xS hpi vira cd thu nhap them.
Bglu^t Laodpngn5m2012. suaddinam2015 cung cd nhieu quy djnh cai tien phii hgp de tao dieu kien lam viec cho ngudi cao tudi, ddng thdi bao \c sire khde eua hp nhu tai khoan 2, Dieu 166 quy dinh "Ngudi lao ddng cao tudi duge nit ngan thdi gid lam viee hang ngay ho3c dugc ap dung che do lam \iec khdng trpn thdi gian". Ngudi lao ddng eao tudi dugc giao kel tat ca cac loai hgp ddng lao ddng cd thdi han nhu nhSng lao ddng khac. Tuy nhien, vSn cd nhirng quy dinh rieng ap dung cho ddi tugng lao ddng nay de dam bao ve sue khde, the chat cung nhu tinh than eho hp.
Ngoai ra, quyen lam vi?c eua ngudi lao dpng, ngudi cao tudi ndi ehung, quyen lam viec ciia ngudi eao tudi la nii: gidi ndi rieng cdn dupe quy dinh "Bao dam quyen lam viec, tu do lua chpn viec lam va noi lam viec. Binh diing ve CO hdi vice lam va thu nhap. Bao dam lam viee trong dieu kien an toan lao ddng, \e sinh lao ddng"^
Cd the thay, cac quy djnh phap luat quyen
\e \ iec lam eua ngudi cao tudi d Viet Nam kha toan dien, nhieu quy dinh tien bd. Theo Dieu 166 Bd luat Lao ddng 2012, sua ddi bd sung nam 2015 thi ngudi lao ddng cao tudi la ngudi tiep tue lao ddng sau dp tudi nghi huu. Tuy nhien, giira nam va nir thi cd su phan biet kha rd rang trong cae quy djnh ciia cac nganh Luat, cu the nhu: Dicu 187 Bd luat Lao ddng 2012.
sira ddi bd sung nam 2015 quy dinh tudi nghi huu: "nam dii 60 tudi, nir du 55 tudi", theo quy djnh na\ nu nghi huu trudc nam. Day la su phan biet ddi \u dem lai nhieu khd khan eung nhu thiet thdi cho nu gidi trong cdng \ ice, dao tao, thang tiC-n \ ;i cudc sdng. Quy dinh nay the hien su mau thuan vdi nguyen tac binh dang, khdng phan biet ddi xii \ e gidi trong phap luat qudc ie\
^. Thuc trang quyen ve viec lam ciia n"udi eao tudi la nir gidi o \ iet Nam hien nay
N'j:udi cao tudi phan Idn sdng d ndng thdn.
lam ndng la ehii yeu \i ddi tugng ngudi tre
thudng thoat ly ra thanh phd kiem sdng. Trong dd, tren 70"!) ngudi cao tudi phai tu lao dpng kiem sdng ciing \di su hd trg ciia con ehau va gia dinh (ehi cd hon 25.5" o ngudi cao tudi sdng bang lucmg huu hay trp cap xa hdi)''. Tinh trang di cu eua ngudi tre tir ndng thdn ra thanh phd tang len dan den tinh trang ngudi cao tudi sdng ed dan tang theo. Theo sd lieu nam 2014, 3,2% ngudi cao tudi \a 16.4",i nhimg ngudi tren 80 tudi trd len dang sdng mdt minh. trong dd phu nu: ed don gap 5.44 Ian nam gidi cao tudi'". Nii gidi chiem ty trgng eao trong dan sd ngudi cao tudi, dan den tinh trang "nir hda dan sd cao tudi" d Viet Nam (tudi thp ciia nu ludn cao hon nam). Tuy nhien. phu nir eao tudi ludn phai ddi mat \di nhieu rui ro hon nam gidi eao tudi ve thu nhap, tinh trang sue khde cung nhu kha nang tiep can vdi cae dich vu cham sdc sue khde \a bao hiem y te. Bdi ngudi eao tudi la niJ gidi phai ddi mat vdi tinh trang bat binh dang, do hau qua ciia viec phan djnh vai trd dua tren gidi tinh trong xa hdi. Tac ddng ciia bat binh dang the hien rd net nhat trong viec lam d giai doan bude vao tudi gia. Nij eao tudi ve gia thudng ngheo han nam gidi, chju ap luc, ganh nang \e kinh te, sire khde, tinh than nhieu hon nam cao tudi, nen ty le nir gidi yeu cao hon nam. ganh trach nhiem Idn han trong viec cham sdc gia dinh, nhu viec: Khdng dugc nghi ngoi ma cdn phai gnip con chau tao thu nhap nhu cham sdc chau cho bd me chau di lam; hay viec ngudi cao tudi gap khd khan trong cude sdng hang ngay can ed ngudi giup dd, tuy nhien ngudi eao tudi thudng tu cham nhau. Trong dd, ty le nir cao tudi chain sdc nam cao tudi nhieu hon nam cao tudi cham sdc nir cao tudi (60*^0. 30%). Dac biet, chju anh hudng nang ne nhat la phu nCr cao tudi thupc dien ngheo, song d khu vue ndng thdn, ngudi bi benh kinh nien hoae cac tinh trang sire khde nghiem trpng khac, khuyet tat, ly hdn, gda chdng hoae ngudi ddc than.
De tao dieu kien cho ngudi cao tudi la nir gidi eai thien cudc sdng thi mdt trong nhu'ng dieu quan trpng hang dau la can dam bao thu nhap cho ho, tire la bao dam quyen ve \ icc
^ m cho ho. Mac dii. theo qu> dinh ciia phap u^t Viet Nam, quyen tu do \ iec lam cua ngudi
^ 0 dpng la quyen khdng bi phan biet ddi xu.
Nhung tren thue te, vin cdn bidu hien phan Di?t doi xir ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng ndi chung, nguai eao tudi ndi rieng va dac biet la nhdm ngiroi cao tudi la nir khi td chirc thuc hien quyen tu do viec lam, tir dd can trd (han ch^) quyen viec lam cua ho.
^ Khi dan sd dang gia hda thi luc lugng lao ddng la ngudi cao tudi cang ckn dupe quan taiTi hon het, qua nghien cuu ciia Quy Dan sd Lign Hgp quoc, tinh hinh ngudi cao tudi d Viet Nam cd nhirng dac diem lien quan ddn quydn ve viee lam:
- Luc lugng lao dpng la ngudi eao tudi dang gia tang, gan nhu deu lam viec toan thdi gian.
Nhiing ngudi cao tudi ed trinh dp hpc v^n thap, it kha nang cd lucmg huu \ a thudng la nhQ-ng ngudi tiep tuc lam viee dii da qua 60 tudi.
- Ngudi cao tudi lam trong khu vue phi ehinh thirc thudng nhieu hon so vdi ngudi tre.
Thdng thudng, hp lam viee tu do hoae lam cac cdng viec gia dinh khdng dugc tra luong, do vay phai ddi mat vdi muc thu nhap trung binh thap, cdng viee bap benh, it dupe ti^p can chuong trinh huu tri. it dupe bao \ e bdi cac quy djnh bao dam mdi trudng lam \ iec an toan. Tuy ty le tham gia luc lugng lao ddng giiia nam gidi va nir gidi tucmg duong nhau nhung ty le phu nu thudng iam cac cdng viec gia dinh ma khdng dugc tra luong eao hon nam gidi (28% so vdi 18%)".
Nhu vay, tir nhirng dae diem tren cd the thay, ngudi cao tudi Viet Nam dang cd nhirng ddng gdp to Idn eho xa hdi. Nhung ho chua duoc bao dam quy6n ve \ iec lam, dae biet vdi ngudi cao tudi la nir gidi. Vay nen, ta can phai thay ddi each nhin nhan, xem ho la ngudn nhan luc vdi nhi^u tri thiie \ a kinh nghiem giiip ich cho su phat trien ciia dat nude.
Do rang bugc trach nhiem nhieu han ddi vdi ngudi su dung lao ddng khi tuyen dung ngudi lao dpng cao tudi nen cac doanh nghiep thudng han chS tuydn dung ddi tugng nay. dac biet ddi
vdi ngudi lao ddng cao tudi la n& , ' '«"S dd, cd quy dinh nhu: Bp luat Lao - "^"^
2012. sua ddi bd sung nam 2015 c d n ^ngquy djnh bao ve ngudi lao ddng cao tudi nhu thdi gian lam viec ciia ngudi cao tudi cd the dugc rut ngan hay hp ehgn ch^ do lam viec khdng trpn thdi gian. Luat quy djnh tinh trang "du sue khde" cua ngudi lao ddng cao tudi phai dugc chirng nh^n bdi ca sd kham benh, chira benh duge thanh lap \ a hoat ddng hgp phap, khoan 2, Diau 6 Nghi dinh sd 05/2015/ND-CP nga\ 12/01 /2015 eua Chinh phii hudng dSn thi hanh mdt sd ndi dung Bd luat Lao dpng quy dinh khi: "ngudi lao ddng eao tudi khdng cd dii siic khde thi hai ben th^re hien cham dut hgp ddng lao dpng". Vi?c xac dinh hay ket luan \ c tinh trang sue khde phai do co sd y te cd tham quyen thuc hien. Do dd, co hpi tiep can \ iec lam cua hp bi han che. Hien nay, chua cd van ban phap ly hay chinh sach nao dugc thiet lap nham hd trp ngudi eao tudi la nir gidi trong van de tiep can viee lam. Nh&ng khd khan trong viee tiep can quyen ve viec lam eiia ngudi nir gidi cao tudi gdm:
- Mot Id, cac dan vi sir dung lao ddng thudng cd nhimg tieu chi de han che nhan ngudi lao ddng, dac biet la tieu chi lien quan dSn dp tudi va gidi tinh. Cac thdng bao tuyen dung thudng gidi han dp tudi, ke ca nhirng vj tri ddi hdi kinh nghiem hay cd nhidu vi tri chi tuydn nam ma khdng tuyen nu, ke ca ddi vdi nhirng vi tri ma nam va nii deu ed the lam dugc. Di6u nay gay khd khan, thiet thdi eho ngudi lao ddng cao tudi la nii gidi tiep can co hdi cd viec iam, cd thu nhap dn dinh cudc sdng.
- Hai Id. don vi sir dung lao ddng chi tuyen dung theo dia phuong cu tru gay han ch^, tudc di ca hdi eua ngudi lao ddng khdng phii hgp dieu kien cu tru. Dac bi^t, ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi la nu gidi, viec di chuyen sang dia phucmg khae tim viee lam tang ca hpi cho hp hon la chi bd hep trong ph?m vi dia phuong hp dang sinh sdng.
- Ba id, nhidu dan vj khdng su dung diing loai hop ddng lao dpng de giao k^t, tham chi khdng giao kSt hop ddng, ne tranh \iec ky
hop ddng khdng \ac djnh thdi han dan den anh huang s^ dn djnh \i kinh te, tam ly cua ngudi lao dpng eao tudi ndi chung va ngudi cao tudi la nii- ndi rieng. lam cho quyen lai ciia hp khdng dugc dam bao.
- Bdn Id. ngudi lao ddng cao tudi la ntr gidi thudng phai ddi mat \di van de khi da thda thuan cdng \ i?e trong hgp ddng, nhung thuc te lai phai lam nhieu edng viee khac nhau, khac vdi thda thu^n ban dau, dieu kien iam viec, quyen Ipi dugc hudng thap han mire thuc te hg dugc hudng.
- Ndm Id. ngudi cao tudi la nu' gidi thudng yeu the nen chinh sach dai ngp rat han che.
chua cdng bang. Nhieu vi pham lien quan den quyen \c viec iam cua hp, do nhan thuc ciia ngudi sir dung lao ddng cdn chua rd rang, thieu hieu biet hoae biet ma y thirc ehua cao.
- Sdu Id. cdng tac phd bien, tuyen truyen, giao due phap luat, quan ly, Ihanh tra va xu ly vi pham phap luat ve quyen ciia ngirdi cao tudi la nir gidi trong linh vyc lao ddng. viec lam chua dugc chu trgng hoae chua chuan muc trong viee \ae djnh ddi tugng.
- Bdy Id, sy bat hop ly trong nhieu quy dinh eiia phap luat \ e quyen lam viec ciia ngirdi cao tudi la nir gidi chira duge ra soat, sua ddi, bd sung mdt each kjp thdi.
De khSc phue cae thue trang, khd khan trong edng tac bao dam quyen ve viec lam cho ngudi cao tudi la nir gidi trong phap luat Viet Nam hien nay can thuc hien ddng bd nhieu giai phap khac nhau. Mdi giai phap phai mang tinh triel dc \ a be^n \ ung, de quyen ve viee lam ciia ngudi cao tudi la nii gidi dupe tdn trgng va bao dam.
4. Mgt so khuyt-n nghi, giai phap nhSm bao dam quyen \e viec lam cho ngu-di cao tudi la nu- gidi trong phap luat Viet Nam hien nay
Gia hda dan sd nhanh mang nhieu thach thire nhung cung la eo hdi, khi ngudn nhan lue niza> eang tang \di nhieu tri thuc va kinh nohiem duoc tieh luy. vdi trach nhiem va uy
tin cao. Do \a\, can nang eao nhan thue \a su quan tam cua cac cap Dang, chinh quyen va toan the xa hdi \e each thirc va ea hdi Hen quan den gia hda dan sd. Nham bao dam quy^n ve viec lam eho ngudi cao tudi la nu- gidi trong phap luat Viet Nam hien nay cd mdt sd khuyen nghj, giai phap dugc de \uat nhu sau:
Mot Id. quyen \e \iec lam lien quan den ngudi lao ddng, chu the d day la ngudi cao tudi.
Vay the nao la "ngudi cao tudi" va the nao la
"ngudi lao ddng cao tudi", hai khai niem nay ed ddng nhat hay khdng? Can xac djnh ro hai khai niem de cd co sd \ay dung he thdng cac quy djnh phap luat bao ve va phat huy vai trd eua ngudi lao ddng cao tudi. Bd luat Laa dgng nam 2012. sua ddi bd sung nam 2015 xac djnh:
"Ngudi lao ddng cao tudi la ngudi tiep tuc lao ddng sau dp tudi (nghi huu) theo quy djnh "'- , quy djnh dp tudi eiia ngudi lao dpng eao tudi la nam tren 60 tudi, nii tren 55 tudi'\ Trong khi dd, tai Dieu 2 Luat ngudi cao tudi 2009, ngudi eao tudi la cdng dan Viet Nam "tir dii 60 tudi trd len". Quy dinh ciia hai luat da khdng ddng nhat vdi nhau, do dd can quy djnh lai rd rang de thdng nhat trong ap dung.
Hai Id, can phai sira ddi Dieu 187 Bd luat Lao ddng nam 2012, sua ddi bd sung nam 2015 ve dp tudi nghi huu ciia nii. Hien tai, dp tudi nghi huu ctia nii gidi thap hon nam gidi (nii- 55 tudi, nam: 60 tudi), day la sir han che, bat Igi cho ntr gidi trong cdng viee, mat ea hdi khang djnh ban than. Do dd, can sua ddi de phii hgp thue te va edng uoc qudc te lien quan den binh dang gidi ma Viet Nam tham gia.
Ba Id, can dieu ehinh khoan 3, Dieu 167 Bd luat Lao ddng nam 2010, sua ddi bd sung nam 2015 ve viec "Khdng duge su dung ngudi lao ddng cao tudi iam cdng viee nang nhpc, dde hai. nguy hiem..." theo hudng linh hoat hem. Vi du, trong trudng hgp cdng viec ddi hdi ngudi lao ddng cd tham nien, trinh do, tay nghe cao ma ngudi tre chua dap ung dugc trong khi ngudi eao tudi cd dii sue khde dap irng va van mudn tiep tuc edng hien.
Bon Id, Nha nude can cd nhirng chinh sach
khuyen khich ngudi su dung lao dgng sir dung ngudi lao ddng cao tudi ndi ehung \ a ngudi cao tudi la nir gidi ndi rieng trong hoat ddng san xuat kinh doanh ciia minh. nh'u cd nhirng chinh sach uu dai thug hay cac uu dai khac khi don vj sir dyng ddi tugng lao ddng nay. DiOu nay, gdp phan gia tang sd ngudi cao tudi la nii gidi tham gia lam viec trong didu kien mue trg cap xa hdi cdn han chd.
^ Ndm Id, ngudi lao ddng la mdt bd phan trong dan cu, hp sinh sdng khdng tap trung ma trai deu d mpi viing, mien tren ca nude. Nha nude khuyen khich su tham gia vao khu vyc tu nhan (doanh nghiep, td ehiic phi chinh phii) vao md hinh lam viec d tirng dja phuong nhung dupe hd trg mdt phan tir ngan sach nha nude thdng qua cac td chiic hd trg doanh nghiep. Md hinh nay se gan gui va phii hgp vdi ngudi eao tudi ndi chung va ngudi eao tudi la nu gidi ndi rieng
d timg dia phuong.
Sdu Id. can day manh cdng tac du L'>J0- ^\^^
hudng thj trudng lao ddng, ddi mdi dich \ y kei ndi tu van \ iee lam vdi nhidu hinh thuc khac nhau. tao sy linh hoat cho thj trudng ddi vdi ddi tugng lao ddng la ngudi cao tudi. dac biet ngudi cao tudi la nii gidi.
5, Ket luan
Bao dam quyen ve \ iec lam cho ngudi cao tudi la nu- gidi trong phap luat Viet Nam hien nay la mdt vice lam quan trpng va can thiet, mang tinh xa hgi \a nhan van sau sac, dam bao binh dang gidi. Dieu nay ddi hdi xa hpi. Dang va Nha nude can quan tam thyc hien. ddi mdi, sira ddi bd sung cac quy djnh chinh sach phap luat phii hgp, gdp phan dua Viet Nam hda nhap, can bang vdi cac quy djnh, edng ude qudc te. phii hpp mdi trudng lao dpng khu vue va the gidi.
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^Diiu 2 Liuii Ngudi cao tudi 2009.
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^Diiu 35 bliSn phap ndm 2013 cua nude Cdng hda xa hpi chu nghia Viet Nam.
•Dieu 4 Luat Viec lam 2013
^Dai hoi ddng Lien Ht?p qudc (1979) Congirdc ve.wa bo moi hinh thuc phdn biet ddi xir chong Igi phu nu (CEDAW).
Dai hpi ddng Lien Hffp qudc. ndm 1979
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iif)jiu 166 vd IS~ Bp ludi Lao ddng ndm 2012. sira ddi bd sung 2015
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Nfi:i\ nhan bai: 22/4/2020
^fI:i\ phiin bi?n danh gia va siia chua: 2/5/2020 Ng:i> chiip nhan dang bai: 12/5/2020
Thong tin tde gid.
ThS. TRAN THI LE HANG Trudng Dai hoc Thii do Ha Noi
ENSURING THE EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS FOR ELDERLY WOMEN IN VIETNAMESE LAWS
• Master, TRAN THI LE HANG Hanoi Metropolitan University
ABSTRACT:
Ensuring the employment rights for elderly women in Vietnamese laws is an important matter not onh for elderly women in speciiic but also for the elderly in general This article analyzes the theoretical as well as practical aspects relating to the rights. Some recommendations and solutions are also gi\en in the paper.
KevMords: The elderly, elderly women, employment right, labor.
