qUANTRj-qUANLY
ANH Hl/dNG CUA KET QUA HOC TAP DEN ccf HOI VIEC LAM:
TRUCfNG HdP SINH VIEN BAC DAI HOC - HE CHINH QUY
• CHAU TH! LE DUYEN - NGUYEN THj PHUCJNG THAO - TRAN PHAM THIEN NHI - NGO THI AN
T 6 M TAT:
Bii vid't nghien ciJu anh hifdng ci3a k6't qua hoc tap den ccf hgi viec lam do'i vdi tru'dng hdp cdc sinh vien bae dai hpc chinh quy. Tac gia su" dung phan tich hoi quy mo hmh probil, phifOng phdp phSn tich diem xu hiTdng de tim hieu cac yeu to anh hirdng tdi kha nang cd viec lam cung nhif thu nh^pcua sinh viSn.
Ke't qua cho tha'y, nhdm sinh vien xua't sac - gioi cd viec lam cao hdn nhdm kha - trung binh tif 8.7 - 12,8%, cdn ve thu nhap thi nhdm xua't sac - gidi cd thu nhap cao hdn nhdm kha - trung binh tif 2,4 - 2,6 trieu dong/thdng tu'dng du'dng vdi 49,1 % - 58,4%. Nghien ciJu cung chi ra ke't qua hpc tap va cac ye'u to'khac nhif quan he xa hoi. ky nang mem, ngoai khda cd anh hifdng ldn den cdhdi vi^c lam.
Tiif khoa: Dong life hoc tap, ket qua hgc tap. cd hgi viec lam, thu nhap. quan he xa hgi, ky n3ng mem va ngoai khda.
1. D§t vfi'n dl
Gido due dai hgc lii mot day chuyen san xuat mi ddu ra la ngudn nhan lu'c dat chuan. Theo quan diem nay. giao due dai hgc la mdt qua trinh trong dfi ngtTdi hoc difdc quan niSm nhifnhifng san pham diTOc cung rfng cho thi trifdng lao dong. Nhu' \ a\.
gido due dai hoc trd thanh "dau vao" tao nen sif phdt trien va tang trifdng cua thifdng mai va eong nghiep. Tir dd. nd ddng vai trd la "he thong nudi difflng" ciia mgi linh vife trong ddi sd'ng. la ngudn cung cap nhan lu'c can thie't de phue \u cac cong Idc quan ly, quy hoaeh, thie'l ke, giang day va nghian cii'u.
Mdi qud'e gia mud'n phat trie'n \ e khoa hgc - i^ng nghe va tang trifdng ve kinh te' thi nha't thie't
phai cd ca hai yeu to': Mot he thd'ng giao due dai hgc va mgl life lu'dng lao dong. Giao due dai hoc cdn tao ra cac cd hdi cho phep con ngu'di cap nhat cac kien thile \a ky nang thu'dng xuyen theo nhu cau cua xa hgi. Trong do, ke't qua hoc lap cua sinh vien la mdt trong nhtfng lieu chi quan trgng de danh gia chat lu'dng dao tao. eung nhu'gia tri cua ca qua trinh hoc lap lau dai. Ket qua hoc tap anh hu'dng trifc tiep den kha nang lim vide lam, kha nang nam bat cd hdi kinh doanh. thang tie'n va hoc tap sau nay ciia sinh vien.
Bdng life hoe tap la khao khat, mong mud'n, hao hdng. cam thay cd trach nhiem va day nhiel huyet trong qua trinh hgc tap (Bratberg ei al., ! 998). Dd la Slf nd life cd'ging de hoan ihanh cd kel qua mgl
So 10-Thang 5/2020 205
TAfCmCdNSTir^Nfi
cong \KL- nao du. Moi '.o nha nghien cdu tin rang, dong Jifi. J \eu [ddu> nhdt anh hu'dng infc tiep den thanh unii: irong hgc tap ciia hgc sinh. sinh vien.
2. Cd so' 1> luan va phu'cfng phap nghien ciJu 2.L Cif sdly lugn
Kei qud hgc lap
Kel qua hgc tap la kie'n thtfe hoae k\ nang ma hge sinh nen cd dirdc khi kel thue mdt bai lap. ldp hoc. khda hoe hoae chifdng trinh eu the. Hdn he't.
nd giiip hge sinh hieu lai sao kie'n thdc va nhirng ky nang dd se hifu ieh eho hg.
Kel qua hge tap tdt nhan manh vao \ ice ap dung va tieh hdp kie'n thife. Nd giup xac dinh mue lieu \a eae khia eanh thie'l \eu ciia giao due dai hge trong to ehd'c, cho .sinh vien va cdng chiing (Baitersby. 1999). Kel qua hgc tap gdm cae kie'n ihifc, ky niing \a thai do ma ngu'di hgc cd difdc irong loan bd qua trinh hgc lap va ren luyen lai tru'dng. Nd the hien cha'l lu'dng clia qua trinh hoc qua hai khia eanh: Mife dg nia ngu'di hge dat difdc so \di mifc chuan; Mdc do ngifdi hoe dat du'de so vdi nhifng ngu'di khae.
Doug lUc hge lap
Bratberg et al. (1998) cho rhng. ddng life hgc Uip la SLf khat khao. nmng mudn, hao hdng. cam thay CO traeh nhiem va dil\ nhiet huyet trong qua irinh hgc lap. Dgng li/e hgc lap la nguyen nhan d3n den hanh ddng eiia sinh \ien. la sd cd giing de hoiin thanh c6 ke't qua mgl cdng \ iee nao dd. Ddng lire hgc tap lii mong mud'n eiia hgc sinh (lhe hien d c.ieh liep can. Mf kien tri va mde dg quan lam) ddi vdi Ciic mdn hoe khi nang life eua hg du'de danh giii theo lieu ehuan vc thanh lieh hoae si/vuat sdc.
Cithdi vice lain
\ iec lam la nhu eiiu.qu\en Idi nhifng ddng thdi cung lii nghia \u va traeh nhiem ddi \di mgi ngifdi.
Ci.^ hgi la sy xua't hien nhu'ng kha niing cho phep ngirdi ta lam mdt eai gi do. Hay co the xem ed hgi la nhifng gi chiing ta cd the niim bat difde nham lam thav ddi cude M">ng cua ban ihiin iheo ehieu hirdng id'l hdn iNguNcn Qud'e Nghi \a conj; -.u.
201 I). Cci hdi MCC lam la stf xua'l hien nhu e:^u iii\cn dung cua doanh nghiep va theo dd la khii nilng tim vice lam de thda man cude sd'ng ciia ngirdi lao ddng. Cd hdi viee tam ed 4 diic inflig cd bjn: Tinh hii'p dan. tinh ben \ ifng. tinh ihdi diem \-'d tinh du\ tri edng viec.
2.2. Md hinh nghien cdu Hinh 1: Mo hinh nghian cifu I Quan he xa hoi
Ky nang mem
( Ngoai I
Ket qua hgc tap
( Kinh nghiem lam them
Crhifcii
f Trinh dd ngo^i ngii
2.3. Phitifng phap nghien cdu
Tong the quan sat cua de tiii la sinh vidn id'l nghiep he chinh quy nam 2018-2019, tCr dd chpn ra 3 chuyen khoa de phdng va'n bao gdm: Kinh le.
Nong nghiep vii Cdng nghe. Chpn mSu theo hai phu'dng phap thuan ti^n.
CiJ mSu thda miin dieu kien xae dinh ed mSu;
n = \p(I - iy}\2}^i, Trong dd:
• Dd bie'n dgng eiia dif lieu: V = p*(l-p}. Do bie'n ddng cua dif lieu ly le thuan vdi c& mSu (p la ly Id xual hien cua eac phan id trong ddn vi lay miu) dung nhu- mue tieu ehgn mau.
• D6 tin eay lien he vdi gia tri Z (90%, 95%).
• Ty le .sai sd'tfdc lifdng MOE (ne'u dieu tra loan bg long the thi MOE=0)
Trong thifc tc'. cae nhii nghien cdu thifdng su"
dung do lin cay lii 90% (hay <i.= \(V/f vdi Z^j2 = 7-y,
= 1.64S). sai soLhci phep lii 10'/, vi, gJa tri p = aV.
^ _ 0 . 5 n i - 0 . 5 ) i , , , ^ .
Phifdng phiip phi.n tieh -o |,6u: Cac phifdng phap phun,ieh so heu iron, „,:,„,j^^,^.^^^^.^j^
UK.oi,rngniueneucuihe.,S, • ng „ , „ , , „ p^^p hui qu> da bien d c ddnh '.nj ^ . /
. - . - . . - , 'fiii eua cac yeu lo den ihifi gian lim difo.. , ^^^^ . , dung phu'dng phap phan (io, , - • Z " , " ! ' ^ ' ^ . ^
" nifdng de 206 So 10-Thang 5/2020
dinh sia anh hu'dng ciia ket qua hpc tap de'n kha dinged viec lam va thu nhap.
3. Ki't qua nghien ciJu
3.]. Phdn tich cdc yeu td dnh hudngden cahgi CO vifc Idm
Kel quii chay hoi quy probil md hinh, du'de trinh bdy d Bang I, kiem dinh Chi binh phifdng cho tha'y (10 phu hdp tdng quat eua mo hinh. Chi binh phiWni: = ^4.35 vdi xae sua't ldn hdn gid tri chi binh phiftJng = 0,000. vay nen cac ye'u to' trong md hinh d^u c6 tde dgng de'n kha niing cd viec lam cua sinh Men. He sd' xae dinh R^ = 0,3354 cd nghTa la 1.1.,''4'^( bie'n phu thupc difdc giai thich bdi cac bien dgc lap trong mo hinh.
miANTRI QUANIV
he xa hdi se cd kha nang ed \ iee liim cao hdn 2.4' <
so vdi sinh vien khdng cd md'i quan he vii hdi. Ket qua na\ phii hdp vdi gia thie't difa ra quan he xa hgi giup tang kha niing cd \iee lam va ke't qud niu eung phii hdp vdi ket luan ciia Nguydn Qud'e \ii cdng Slf (2011).
Ket qua hgc tiip vdi mu'c \ nghia thd'ng ke <
1% va he sd hdi quy 1.728 cung dem tdi md'i tifdng quan thuan giila ke't qua hpc lap \ii khii nang cd viee lam cua sinh vien. Vdi tde ddng bien 0.088 eho tha'y. ne'u ke't qua hpe tap tiing I ddn VI thi khii nang cd viec lam sc liing 8.8% khi eac ye'u id' khac khdng doi. Ke'i qua nay ciing phu hdp vdi nghien cdu cua Brathberg & NiKin Bang 1. C d c y e u to a n h hifdng de'n k h d ndng c o viec Idm c u e sinh vi§n
Bien H^ng so GHitfnh Quan h^ xa h$i K^tquahpct^p Kyn5ngmSm' Ngoai khoa'' Lam thfim"
Thuc l}p' j Kinh nghi&m=
Trinh dp tieng Anti"
Sfi quan sat
H$ so ho] qui Sai so chuan 0,615
-0,058 0,601 1,728 1,098 0,220 -0,048 -0,014 0,110 -0,842
*"
4,429 0,333 0,302 0,551 0,283 0,168 0,047 0,054 0,103 0,729
Gia tn kiem djnh 0,890 0,861 0,097 0,002 0,000 0,164 0,310 0,790 0,284 0,248
Gia tn bien (dY/dX)
•0,003 0,024 0,088 0,056
0,011 i -0,002
-0,000 0,006 -0,043 229 Gia tri ki^m d|nh chi binh phUdng
Xac suat ldn hon gia trj chi binh phi/dng
54,35 0,0000 He so xac dinh R^
Ghi chu: Cdc bien cd V nglna d mdc 19c vd 109c.
*** vd *: cd V ^ nghia mdc 19c vd 109c
"": cdc bie'n Idy In
Ngudn: So'lieu khdo .sdt, 2019 Quan he xa hdi vdi mde y nghTa < 10'^r va he so'
ll^i quy 0.501 cho thay md'i tifdng quan thuan giifa quan he .\a hdi vdi khii nang ed viec Iam sau khi td't nghiep cua sinh vien. Hdn nifa, vdi tac dpng bien (dY/dX) la 0,024 cho thay. sinh vien cd nidi quan
(1998). Bradley & Ngu>en (2003). Fang & Lee (2005), Mamlo (2013) Ngoai ra. cdn mdt sd' nghien cdu trong nu'dc khae nhu'cua Le Phu'dng Lan (2016). V6 \ an Tai (2016). Phan Thi Ngoe Khuven (2016).
So 10-Thang 5/2020 207
TAr cii CdN6 TIggNE
K> n3ng mdm vdi \ nghia thd'ng ke d mii'c <:
I ''f \ a he sii 1.098 cho bie't tu'dng quan thuan giii'a thdi gian tham gia k> nang mem cua sinh \ien \ J khii niing ed \ ice IJm. Gia iri tae ddng bien 0.056 ndi len rSng, neu thdi gian tham gia k\ nang mem lang them 1 ddn \i ihl kha nang cd viec lam tang 5.6'^Y khi cac \eu to khac khdng doi. phu hdp \di cae nghien cdu cua Le Phu'dng Lan (2016), Phan Thi Ngge Khuyen (2016).
Ngoiii ra. mdt sii )eu to khac ed dnh hifdng tdi kha niing ed viec liim eiia sinh vien ehinh qu> sau khi tot nghiep: Gidi tinh. ngoai khda. lam them.
thifc lap. kinh nghiem \a trinh do neng Anh. Tu\
nhien, nhij'ng \eu td nii\ anh hifdng d mdc chifa ed J nghia ihdng ke.
3.2. So sdnh cii hgi vifc ldm cua sinh vien thdng qua ke't qua hgc lgp bdng phiiOng phdp phdn tieh dicm xu hiidng
3 2.1 Phdn tich yeu id dnh hitchig den khd ninn;
cd vti'i lain cua bai nhdm sinh vien tdt ir.:hiip Xudl
\di - Gidl vd Klid - Trung binh
cua sinh vien bing phiTdng phap so sanh phiin tang, nhdm gidi - xua't s.ic eo kha niing liim \iec caohdnnhdmednUi!9.1'S'.
Nhdm gidi - xiiai s.'ie liing kha n.ing ci^ \ icc lim cda sinh \ ien bang phirdng phap so s.mh ban kinh.
nhdm gidi - \u.it s:ie cd kha niing lam \ idc eao hdn nhdm con lai 12.S'?-.
Nhdm gidi - vua't sac tang kiui niing cd viec liim eiia sinh vien bang phifdng phdp so sanh hat nhan.
nhdm gidi - \uat siic cd kha nang liim \ ice eao hdn nhdm cdn Iai S.7'~r
Tdm lai. ket qua hoc tSp thupc nhdm gidi - xufl'l sac sc lam tiing kha niing tim \iec ISm ciia sinh
\ien tirs.7', - i:.s'<
.>' 2 2 Anh hitdng i ita kei ipid bgc lap iien thu nhdp ciia hai nhdm sinh vicn idl nghiep Xud't .siic - Gidi vd Klui - Trung binh
Theo kel qua tir Bdng 3 cho thay. ea 4 phUdng phap phan lieh deu cho ke't qua nhif nhau, sif khiic bidt \c kC'i qua hgc tSp d hai nhdm se dSn de'n khac biel M> thu nhap.
Bong 2. Anh hifcfng cuo ket quo hoc tdp d e n kha nang c d v i ^ c I d m Q^^^l Kgtqu6tanghl$p PhUdng phap
So sanh cSn gan nhci't (Nearest - neighbor) So sanh phan tang (Caliper hay radius) So sanh ban kinh (Stratification hay interval)
tfnh XiiSi sic G(di Kha Trung binh
So sanh hat nhan (Kenel hay local linear) %
Ghi chu: Cdc bien cd y ngbia d mite 5'^r vd I09c '•
inOt bin icmc-iail) I \ein phu luc)
80 55 80 142 16 35 80 142
*, < d V nghia (} mdc 59c vd 109c trong kiem dinh N^in'ni. Sdli^'ii khdo sal. 2019
j Chenh l^ch
L
10,3 1 1 9,1
12,8 8,7
""'
Sal so chu^n
8,1 3,8 6,5 4,0
Theo kei qua tif Bdng 2 cho ih.i\. ca 4 phUdng phap ph.in lieh deu cho kel qua nhUnhau. sUkhac biC-i \ e ke'i qua hpc lap d hai nhdm se ddn den sU khae biel \ c kha nang ed viec lam.
.Nhom gioi - xua't sjiu tang kha nangcd MCC lam eiia sinh \ ien bang phUdng phdp so sanh can gan nha't. nhdm gidi - xua't sjc cd khd nang lam viec eao hdn nhdm edn lai \Q.i9c.
Nhom gidl - xuii't sic lang kha nangcd \ iec lam
^Bang phUdng phap so sanh can gan nhat, nhdm gioi - xua't sa'e thu nhap cao hdn nhdm con lai lii 50.67^ (tUdng dUdng vdi 2.6 tneu dong).
Biing phUdng phdp so sanh phan lang, nhdm gidl - xuat sac ed thu nhap cao hdn nhdm edn lai 50.6'/r (lUdng dUdng 2.6 tneu ddng).
Bang phUdng phap so sdnh h, n^l inh. nhdm gidi - xuat sac cd thu nhapcao h.m nbii-n um lai 58,4'/.
(tUdngdU<!nL' 2,4 ineu d-ni:!
208 So 10-Thang 5/2020
QUAN TK!-QUANLY
Bdng 3. Anh hudng cua ket qud hoc tgp den thu nhqp
PhiMngphap
i
So sanh can gSn nhat Nearest - neightjor) So sanh phan tang (Caliper hay radius) So sanh ban l(inh (Stratification hay interval) So sanh hat nhan (Kenei hay iocai linear)Don Vj trnh
%
Trieu dong Trieu dong
%
%
Tri^u dong
%
Tri|u dong
Kel qua Xual sac Gioj
80
80
16
80
toi nghidp Kha Tmng binh
55
142
35
142
Chenh 1 ^
50,6 2.6 ; •••
50,3 ~ 2,6 1 •••
58,4 2,4 " — 49,1
2,5
Sal so chuan 15,2
0,4 7,7 0,3 1 12,2 0,3 7,3 0,3 Ghi chti: Cdc bien cd y nghTa d mdc 19c
***: cd y nglua d mdc / % trong kiem dinh mot ben (cme-tail) (Xem phu luc
Ngiiini: Sd li^u khdo sdt. 2019
Biing phUdng phdp so sanh hat nhiin, n h d m gidi - xua'l sdc cd thu nhap c a o hdn n h d m cdn I a i 4 5 , l ' 7 r (tifdng dUdng 2,5 trieu d d n g ) .
Tdm lai, ket qua hoe t a p thupc n h d m gidi - xua't siic se ed thu n h a p e a o hdn tir 4 9 , 1 % - 5 8 . 4 % - tifdng dUdng 2.4 - 2,6 trieu d d n g .
4.KC''tlu§n
Ket qua hpc lap va c a c ye'u id' khde nhU quan h e
xii hdi, ky n a n g m e m , ngoai khda cd anh hUdng ldn de'n c d h d i v i e c l a m . V i \ a \ . d e gia tang kha niing cd viec lam ciing n h u thu nhap ta ciin nhan thiTc ddng v e vai tro cua c a c \ e u td iang ke't qua hgc lap. Dong thdi. ehu y day du tdi cac ye'u id'anh hudng de' nha trudng va bdn than sinh vien ed cac giai p h a p quan ly hdp ly nhdm giiip gia tang cd hdi cd viec liim eiing n h u kel qua hpc tap td't nha't cho sinh vien •
TAI L I P U T H A M K H A O :
I. Bratberg. Espen and Nilsin. O A . (1998). Transition from School lo Work: Search Time and Job Duration.
Institute of Labor Economics Discussicm Paper 27.
3. Bradley G. Allen, and A. N. Nguyen. (2003). The School to Work Transition. Iniemaiicmal Handbook of Educalion, 4^-^-521.
3. Fang, .\ . Lee. S.. Huang. W., & Lee. T. (2004). A comparative analysis of job placement in managemeni information .systems: An exploratory study. The Review of Business Information Systems. 8(3). 39 - 49.
•1. Knouse. Stephen B. Tanner. John R and Harris Elizabedi W. (1999) The relaiion of college internships, college perfomiance and subsequent job opportuniti'. Journal of Employment Counseling. 36.35-43.
5 Kiuuisi.-. S, (1999). The reladon of college internships, college performance, and subsequent job opporluniiy.
Joumal dl cmploymenl Counseling. 36. 35-43
6. Lee. ^ .\l , & Sun. S. H. (2010). The relationship beiween autonomous nioU\:ition of course-taking and learning engagement on college students Journal of Research in Educalion Sciences. 55i I i. 155 - 182. Le PhUdng Lan. Chu Thj Mai PhUdng va Nguyen Thi Khanh Trinh. (2016). Nghien eUu cae \ e u tdanh hUdng ii'd khd nang eo viec lam Clia sinh vien Dai hoc Ngoai thUdng sau khi to't nghiep. Tap chi Kinh leddi ngoiii Trilcing Dai hoc Quite gia Hd Ngi.
So 10-Thdng 5/2020 209
TAPCIICflllCTIirMB
7. Murk Ballen,h\ iiyyji So. \\lhii\ o Uiimiiu Duuoiiu-.hn^ui.v'U S. Depanmeni of Biiu^.ilioii - aiiic ot Educalion Science.
8. .McClclljnd. D 11961). The achieving stKie^. Pincelon: Van Nosmind. .NcKon. S. 1985. The impacl I'l : cullege developmental program on sludenis, academic Di^senarion Absliocis International. 46.290g.
9. Ncii> III Quoc .\2hi. Le Thi Dieu Hien. Hoang Thi H6ng Loc \ a Quach Hong Nuan. (2011). Danh giii kha nflng thich ling V Hi cong viec ciia sinh vicn loi nghiep nganh du lich 5 dong bhng vong CuM Long. Tiip chi Khoa hoc Trilirtif; Dai hoc Ciin Tha. 20b 12011). 217-224
10. Phan Thi NC.K Khuven vii Nguven Huy Hoang. (2016). Hien irang viec liim \a cac nhiin to ky nilng can thie't cho viec lam sau tot nghiep ciia sinh vien nganh Kmh doanh quo'c le TnfcJng Dai hoc Ciin Thd. Tup chi Khoa IIQC Tnftliift Dai hoc Can Tha ,i:^ 12016): 109-119.
Ngav nhan bai: 13/4/2020
Ngii.v phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chiTa: 23/4/2020 Ngay chap nh^n d3ng bai: 3/5/2020 Tlif'tni^ lilt uic gilt:
1. CHAI'THI LEDUVEN 2. NGI ^ £ N THI I'Hl'ONC, THAO 3. TRAN PHAM THIEN NHI 4. NGO THI AN
Khoa Kinh tt'Tri^tfng Dai hpc t a n Thd
THE IMPACT OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE FACTOR ON THE JOB OPPORTUNITIES OF STUDENTS:
CASE STUDY OF FULL TIME UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
• CHAU THI LE DUYEN
• NGUYEN THI PHUONG THAO
• CHAN PHAM THIEN NHI
• NGO THI AN
Faculty of Economics. Con Tho University ABSTRACT:
This siudv IS to explore factors affecring students' employability are social relations, academic perfomiance and soft slcills by using regression analysis of the probil mode and the trend analysis The study finds out that the excellent studenLs group is more employable than the good & average students group and the excellent students group enjoys higher income than the good ft average students group. The academic perfomiance factor and other factors such as social relai skills, and extracurricular skills have a great infiuence on lhe job opportunities of students
Keywords: Academic motivation, academic results, employment opportunities inco social relations, soft skills, extracurricular skills.
210 So 10-Thang 5/2020
