NGHIEN curu Li LUAN
Xay difng rubric danh gia ket qua hpc tap
mon Giao due hoc cua sinh vien dai hpc sU pham theo tiep can nang IUc
Nguyen Thj Thanh Tra TriiOng £)ai hgc Sil pham H^ NOl 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Viet Nam Email: [email protected]
TOW] TAT: Trong qui trinh thi/c hidn dinh gia kit qui hgc tip cac mdn hgc ndi Chung va mdn Giio due hgc ndi rieng theo tiep can nang lUc. mgt trong nhQng khau khd thuc hien nhat la xay dUng dugc cic cdng cu de dinh gii nang lUc ngudi hgc, ma trong dd rubric la cdng cu cd hieu qui hon ci. Bai bio lim ro each thde xay dung cac rubric danh gia kit qui hoc tap mon Giio due hoc theo tiep can nang luc bao gom hai khau la xiy ddng lieu chf dinh gia cic nSng luc cu thi va xiy dung cic mdc do dat dUac cua cac lieu chi do. Moi khau lai dugc md ti chi tiet, eu thi nham lam ro die trdng rieng cda danh gia theo tiep cin nang lUc, qua dd giup cho giing vien day hgc mdn nay cd the tham khio phuc vu eho qui trinh giing day mdn hgc cua minh
Tif KHOA: Rubric; danh gia liet q u i hgc tap; giao due hoc; tiep can nang IUc.
^ Nhan bai 05/01/2020 4 Nhan ket qj^ phan bien va chirh sila 19/02/2020 -^ Duyet dang 25/02/2020.
1 . Dat van de
Trong qua trinh danh gia ket qua hgc tap (KQHT) mdn Giao due hpe (GDH) theo tiep can nang luc cho sinh vien (SV) dai hpc su pham (DHSP), ngoai viec xae dinh ro cac nang lire va xay dung dugc cac nhiem vu danh gia nang luc phu hgp thi viec xay dung dugc cac cdng cu danh gia nang lire la viee lam vo ciing quan trpng. Bdi vi, neu khong ed cac cdng eu danh gia thi giang vien khdng the xae dinh dugc SV da thuc hien eae nhiem vu nhu thg nao va ho dat duge muc do nang lire ra sao so vdi yeu cau de ra. Cac cdng cu cd thg su dung trong danh gia KQHT theo tiep can nang luc ndi chung va danh gia KQHT mdn GDH theo tiep can nang lire ndi rieng la bang kiem tra, thang danh gia va Ribrie. Trong cac cong cu nay, rubric cd uu the hon ca. Vi vay, chiing tdi hudng den xay dung cac rubric phan tich de danh gia cac nang luc cua SV trong qua trinh hpc mdn GDH. Tuy nhign, day la mot trong nhung cdng viec phflc tap, ton nhieu thai gian va khdng de thuc hien.
Cac nghign cuu ve xay dung va su dung rubric vdi tu each la rapt cong cu dung de danh gia KQHT a eae mdn hpc va eip hpc khae nhau da dugc nliieu tac gia de cap den.
Cd tae gia neu len sa do ve quy trinh thiet kg rubric nhung d dang rit chung va khai quat [1]. Cd mgt sd tae gia di sau vao thilt kl cac mau rubric de danh gia mgt nang lire ciia mgt mdn hgc [2] hoae mdt ki nang cu the [3]. Cd tac gia dua ra quy trinli xSy dung tieu chi danh gia mon hpc theo rubric dua vao thang do Bloom [4]. Mgt sd tac gia da neu kha ehi tilt vl quy trinh xay dung rubric trong danh gia cac mdn hpc cu Ihi nhu Ngfl van va Toan [5], [6]. Tuy nhien, viec xay dung rubric cua cac tae gia nay chua that quan triet sau sic each tilp can nang luc trong danh gia. Cae nghien cuu ehua di vao xay dimg rubric dua vao cau trie ciia rubric cung nhu cac ylu to cau thanh cua nd nen chua that ro rang.
cu the va chi tiet.
Trong bai viet nay, ehung tdi md ta chi tigt each thflc xay dung rubric danh gia KQHT mdn GDH ciia SV DHSP theo tiep can nang lire dua vao cac ygu td can thanh eua rubric vdi mong mudn bat ki ngudi giang vien giang day mdn hgc nay ciing co the su dung dg ap dung vao xay dung cac ru- bric danh gia cho cac nhiem vu eu thi. Han nfla, cac giang vien hay giao vien cac mon hpc khae eung cd thi tham khao de xay dung cac rubric de danh gia nang luc trong qua trinh giang day bp mdn minh de gop phin nang eao chit lugng dao tao theo tiep can nang lire
2. Npi dung nghien c u ^ 2.1. Motso khai niem 2.1.1. fianh gia ket quHoc lap
Van de danh gia KQHT da dugc dl cap ni lau tiong giao due vdi nhieu quan niem va each hilu khae nhau tiiy thuge vao muc do, ddi tugng, muc dich cua danh gia. Song tuu trung lai, each hilu phi biln la coi danh gia kit qua hoc tap la hoat dpng phuc tap bao gdm nhilu khau. Cac tae gia Tran Ba Hoanh [7], Hoang Dflc Nhuan. Le Dflc Phuc [8]
va Tran Thi Tuygt Oanh [9] da dua ra cac dinh nghTa mo ta mpt each day du cac khau cua qua trinli danh gia KQHT tir thu thap thong tin (kilm tra), so sanh. dli chilu tiidng tin vdi tieu chuan, tieu ehi (do ludng) va dua ra nhan dinh phe phan (danh gia). Vi vay, bai bao nay sfl dung dinh nghia danh gia KQHT nhu sau: Ddnh gid KQHT Id qua trinh tap hgp vdphdn tich thdng tin vi cdc KQHT cua ngu&i hgc, tir do dua ra nhgn dinh ve mirc do ngu&i hoc dgt dugc so vai muc lieu dd di ra.
Nhu vay, danh gia KQHT la danh gia vl viec van dung tii thiic, kl nang, thai do eiia ngudi hge sau mpt qu^ trinh day hpe. Danh gia KQHT khdng chi nhim lam rd time trang hoc
30 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Nguyin Thj Ttianh Tr^
tap ciia ngudi hgc ma edn cai biln thi;c brang cho tdt han.
GiGa danh gia KQHT va kilm ti^, do ludng cd mdi quan he ch^t che vdi nhau.
2.1.2. Tiep can nang life
Theo Tfl diln GDH: "Cach tilp can giao due la tap hgp nhflng quan diem chung hudng tdi xae dinh cac bien phap, hinh thuc tae dpng tdi ddi tupng giao due nhim dat dugc muc dich cin thilt" [10]. Vdi nghTa nay, thuat ngu "tilp can" dugc hilu la mdt quan diem de giai quygt mgt van de chir khdng phai la mgt phuang phap eu the nao.
Vay, tiip can ndng lire Id quan diim vi viec hinh thdnh vdphdt trien ndng luc eho nguoi hgc Vdi y nghTa do, trong hoat dpng danh gia, each tigp can khae nhau se dinh hudng khae nhau ddi vdi cac thanh to ciia qua trinh danh gia, tii viec dg xuat muc tieu danh gia, lira chpn ngi dung danh gia, lua chgn phuang phap, hinh thtie danh gia cho den xay dimg cdng cu danh gia va cdng cu eham digm.
2.1.3. {)anh gia ket qua hoc tap theo tiep can nang life Can cfl vao each hieu "tiep ciin nang Iuc" d tren thi danh gia theo tiep can nang lire la mgt quan digm ve danh gia, chii trgng vao kgt qua dau ra la he thdng cae nang luc can dat, trong do nhan manh den nang lue van dung cua ngudi hpc va nhung tieu chi cho viee do ludng cac nang luc do.
Danh gia KQHT theo tiep can nang lire thuc chat la qua flinh thu thap bang chimg va dua ra nhan dinh xem ngudi hoc cd dat dugc nhflng nang luc can thigt khdng. KQHT chinh la su hign thue hoa cae nang luc cua ngudi hpc.
Thong qua KQHT raa ngudi hpc dat dupe, co the danh gia cac nang lire eiia hg.
Vi vay, cd the hieu: Ddnh gid KQHT theo tiip can ndng It/c la qud trinh tap hgp vd phdn tich thdng tin nhdm dua ra nhiiTig nhgn dinh vi viec van dung tich hgp tri thiic, kT ndng, thdi do cua ngu&i hgc di gidi quyit ede nhiim vu dgy iiQcphuc hgp trong mdt boi cdnh thuc ti hogc gid dinh de ddp ung muc tieu vi ndng luc dgt ra.
2.1.4. Rubric
Theo tae gia Tdn Quang Cudng: "Rubric la bang mo ta chi tilt CO tinh he thing (theo ehuan, tieu ehi va mue dp) nhflng kit qua (kiln thuc, kT nang, thai do) ma ngudi hpc nen lam va cin phai lam dl dat dugc muc tieu eudi ciing khi ihiie hien mgt nhiem vu cu thd" [1]. Tac gia Le Thi Ngpe Nhln cho ring: "Rubric la mgt eong cu dung dl danh gia kit qua hgc tap cua ngudi hgc duge thi hien bang ban md ta cac tieu chi danh gia theo cae cip dp khae nhau tren ca sd cac yeu can, muc tieu cin dat eua mon hpe" [4].
Qua nhilu md ta eua nhilu tae gia khae nhau, ed the hidu:
Rubric la ban tap hgp cac tigu ehi danh gia vl tirng nang lire cu the va cac muc dp dat dugc iing vdi cac tieu chi dd.
Tu do ed the rut ra rubric bao gdm hai ygu td co ban: Cac tieu ehi danh gia nang lire va cac miic dp dat dugc eiia tiing tieu chi, tiong dd cac mue do thudng duge thg hien dudi dang thang md ta hoae ket hgp gifla thang sd va thang md
ta de rao ta ragt each chi tiet cac rafle do thuc hien nang luc eua ngudi hpc.
Rubric dugc chia lam 2 loai: Rubric phan tich va rubric tdng hgp, Viee phan chia thanh rubric phan tieh hay rubric tdng hgp la can cu vao each cac tieu chi dugc md ta trong mpt thang do. Rubric tdng hgp mieu ta tit ca cae tieu chi cua nang luc ddng thdi vdi nhau, con ddi vdi rubric phan tich, tiing tieu chi dugc md ta mgt each rigng re.
Rubric tdng hgp thich hgp voi eham bai thi cuoi ki hoae cuoi khda. Uu diem cua nd la eham diem nhanh, ddi hdi it thai gian khi chara bai cho mdi S V Song nd cd nhugc diera la khdng phii hgp vdi danh gia qua trinh vi nd khong chii y den viec cung cap thdng tin phan hdi cho ngudi hgc.
Uu diem noi trdi eua rubric phan tieh la cung cap cho giang vien va SV mpt each ehi tiet han ve diem manh va digm ygu cua SV bdi no danh gia rieng biet tiing thanh phan nhd cua nang luc. Do do, nd hd trg rat tdt cho viec giang day cua giang vien va gnip eho SV hpc dugc each tg danh gia, giup hp hieu ro nhiing gi can lam dg eai thien bai lam, cai thien mflc nang lire cua hp. Tuy nhign, dung rubric phan tich cd nhugc digm la mat nhieu thdi gian hem rubric tdng hgp.
2.1.5. Tieu chi danh gia ket qua hgc tap theo tiep can nang IUc Nhu tren da phan tich, tieu chi danh gia KQHT theo tilp can nang lire la mgt ygu td quan trpng cau thanh nen rubric.
Qua nghign cun rapt sd dinh nghia khae nhau ve tiSu chi [II], [12] ed thi hilu: Tieu chi la nhung dac diem, tmh chat, diu hieu dac trung cua hoat ddng hay san pham duge sfl dung lara can cfl de nhan bigt, xae dinh, so sanh, danh gia hoat dpng hay san pham dd. Td do, cd the nit ra dinh nghTa vl tigu chi danh gia KQHT theo tilp can nang luc nhu sau:
Tieu chi danh gia KQHT theo tiep can nang iuc la nhung dac dilra, diu hieu dac trung cua nang luc can danh gia, dugc sfl dung lam can eii de xae dinh, danh gia muc dp nang lue dat dugc cua ngudi hpc. Cac tieu chi danh gia KQHT theo tilp can nang lue can dam bao nhung yeu cau sau:
- Thi hien dung trpng tam nhung kliia canh quan trpng cua nang lire can danh gia.
- Mdi tieu chi phat dam bao tinh rigng biet, dac trung cho mdt diu hieu nao dd cua nang luc can danh gia.
- Tieu chi dua ra phai quan sat va danh gia dugc.
Nhung yeu ciu nay can dugc tuan thii trong qua trinh xay dimg rubric.
2 . 2 . 0 a c triTng ciia mon Giao due hoc ol trifdng sU pham GDH la mpt mdn nghiep vu quan trpng ddi vdi SV su pham. Nd cd quan he ehat che vai cac mdn nhu Tam li hgc, Phuang phap giang day bg mon va hoat dpng nghiep vu nhu thuc tap su pham.
Mdn hpc nay tap trung trang bi cho SV nhflng tri thflc li luan ca ban, hien dai ve qua trinli day hpc, qua trinh giao due va cdng tac td chuc, quan li giao due trong nha tnrdng, ddng thdi tung budc hinh thanh cho SV nhung nang luc
S6 26 thang 02/2020 31
NGHIEN CQULfLUAN
1
nghe nghiep, giup hp thich ung dan vdi hoat ddng su pham Clia ban than trong tuang lai. GDH con la mon hpc cd tae dung trong viec hinh thanh d nliung ngudi giao vien tuang lai thg gidi quan khoa hpc, tu duy bien chiing, bdi duong va phat trien long yeu nghe, ygu tre va cae phara chat nhan each khae ciia mdt nha giao. Day la mdt trong nhung mdn ed kha nang thgc hien hieu qua va tap trung hinh thanh nang lire nghe giao vien tiong trudng su pham.
Ngi dung cua mdn GDH bao quat cac tri thflc va ki nang eua hoat dgng nghg nghiep trong ITnh vuc su pham, trong dd tap trung vao hai nang lue "hat nhan" la nang lire day hpc va nang luc giao due. Vi vay, nhung nang lue can hinh thanh cho SV DHSP thdng qua mdn GDH gdm cac nang chung ma SV nganh Su pham eung nhu cac nganh khae can cd (cd tinh den su phu hgp vdi dac tnmg cua nganh Su pham) va eae nang luc rigng eua mdn hgc la nang lire day hgc - giao due ma nhiing nang luc nay gan lien vdi nang luc ciia nghe giao vien. Do dd, mon GDH gop phan hinh thanh va phat trien cac nang luc chung va nang lire day hpc, giao due ban dau cho SV su pham nhung phai phu hgp vdi dac tnmg cua mon hpc, Nhung nang luc hinh thanh cho SV thdng qua mdn GDH chi la nhung nang luc thanh phan cua cac nang lue thugc chuan dau ra. Viee danh gia nhflng nang iuc nay cda SV d mon GDH cung phai can cfl vao nhflng dae trung nay,
2.3. Cac bu'de tien hanh xay ddng rubric ttanh gia ket qua hpc tap mon Giao due hoe theo tiep ean nang lue
Tren ca sd tham khao each xay dung rubric danh gia nang luc cua mdt sd tac gia Airasian Peter W[ 13]; KubiszynT, &
Borieh G [14]; Nitico A. J & Brookhart S.M [15], ddng thdi can cfl vao cac ygu to eau thanh rubric, viec xay dung rubric danh gia nang luc cua SV trong qua trinh hpc mon GDH gdm hai npi dung la xay dung tieu ehi danh gia cae nang lire va xay dimg cac muc dp dat dugc cua cac tieu chi dd.
2.3.1. Xay diing tieu chi danh gia cac nang ldc
Cac buae tdng quat de xay dung tieu chi danh gia nang lue mon GDH gdm:
- Xae dinh ro cae nang lire eu the cua SV can danh gia trong mdn GDH the hien d cac nhiem vu ma giang vien da xay dung.
- Phan tich, eu the hda mdi nang luc dd thanh nhflng ygu tl, dac dilra hay viee lam sao cho the hien duac dac trung cua nang luc dd. Do la nhung hanh dgng, yen td, nhirng dac dilm quan trpng, can thiet quyet dinh su thanh edng trong viec thuc hien nang lue. Day la bude quan trpng nhit de xay dung cac tigu ehi. Sau khi thuc hien viee nay ta se cd mgt danh sach cac tieu ehi ban diu.
- Chinh sua, hoan thien cac tieu chi. Nhung tieu ehi ban diu radi dl ra chua dung dl danh gia ngay dugc, vi nd cd thi eon chua rd rang, nen cdn phai chinh sua tieu chi. Cong viec nay bao gdm:
+ Xae dinh sl lugng cac tieu chi thieh hgp nliat cin danh gia cho moi nang lue. Mdi nang lire cd the eo nhieu yeu tl, dac dilm dl chgn lam tieu chi. Tuy nhien, so iugng cac
tieu ehi dung di danh gia cho mpt nang luc khong ngn qua nhilu. Thdng thudng, cang nhilu tieu chi thi eang danh gia nang luc chinh xae, nhung thuc tl khdng phai nhu vay. Vigc chia nhd nang lire thanh nhilu diu hieu dae tnmg, cu thg la cin thilt. Tuy nhign, cd nhilu tieu chi danh gia cho mpt nang luc thudng khdng hieu qua, bdi giang vien it khi cd du thdi gian quan sat va danh gia dugc mdt sd lugng qua ldn cae tigu ehi ddi vdi viec lam cua mdi SV. Trong mpt thdi gian nhat dinh, cd qua nhilu tieu chi danh gia se lam sao nhang qua trinh quan sat. Giang vign se khdng danh gia hanh vi mpt each nhanh chong va thudng bi nhieu. Do do, de sfl dung tdt nhat va ed thg quan li mgt each higu qua, can xae dinh so lugng tieu ehi can thigt nhat de danh gia mpt nang luc. Qua thue tign cho thay, mdi nang luc cd khoang 3 din 8 tieu chi danh gia la phu hgp.
+ Mac du eae tieu chi dugc rut ra tfl ban chat ciia cac nang luc nhung viec lira ehpn dac digm nao cua nang luc de xay dung tieu chi se do giang vien quygt dinh. Giang vien se xem xet dac digm duge dung lara tieu chi eua nang lire cd quan trpng cin thiet vdi SV cua rainh khong, tiep do can cfl vao npi dung, nhiem vu ciing nhu trinh dO cua SV, nhflng ldi SV hay gap phai de lua chpn mpt tieu chi nao dd. Chang han, d mdt Idp cu thg, khi danh gia nang luc giao tiep bang ngdn ngfl ndi, giang vign thay nhieu SV ndi ngpng thi phai lua chgn va tap trung danh gia vao tieu chi phat am cua nang luc dd. Nhung d ldp khae, SV lai thuong su dung tfl ngfl sai, khdng phu hgp vdi ngi dung bai thuygt trinh thi giang vien phai ehii trgng vao tieu chi dung tu ngfl eua nang lire do. Do do, cimg danh gia mgt nhiem vu nhung tieu chi cd the khae nhau d tiing ldp, niy vao tung ddi tugng SV.
Viee thay doi tieu chi eho phu hgp d tflng Idp la rit ein thiet dl nang eao chat lugng ren luyen ragt nang lue cu thi nao do cho tflng ddi tugng SV.
+ Cac tigu chi danh gia can dugc dien dat sao cho co the quan sat duac hanh dgng eiia SV trong qua trinh hg thire hien cac nhiem vu the hien nang lire va dac dilm cua san pham. Cac tieu chi cin dugc xae dinh sao eho dii khai quat dg tap ti^ng vao nhung dac dilm ndi bat cua cac nang luc, nhung ciing can bigu dat cu the dl dl hilu va quan sat duge de dang, tranh sfl dung nhung tu ngft mo hd lam ehe lip nhung diu higu dac trung cua tieu chi, lam giam su chinli xae va hieu qua cua danh gia.
Luu y trong qud trinh xay dtpig tieu chi ddnh gid:
- Do nang lire bao gdm nhieu ygu td, trong do cd 3 ylu td eo ban khong the thieu va ludn tieh hgp vdi nhau la kiln thuc, kl nang va thai do. Vi vay, cac tigu chi dua ra dl danh gia mdi nang luc cung phai thg hien duge su tich hgp ciia cac yeu td trgn vdi nhau.
- Ngn lap ra mgt nhdm giang vien cung xay dung nhung tieu chi danh gia nang luc cho nhiing nhiem vu thirc hanh eu the. Bdi vi cae giang vign day cung mon hge ed thi danh gia eung mdt muc tieu, mgt nhiem vu hoae cac nhigm vu khong khae nhau nhilu gifla cac ldp, ngn nlu cd mpt nhdm giang vien cung nhau xay dung cae tieu chi danh gia se giup tiet kiem thdi gian va hieu qua han. Qua do, cung la din cho
32 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Nguyin Thj Thanh Tr^
cac giang vien trao ddi chuyen mdn va hpc hdi, bdi dudng lin nhau.
- Giang vien cd thg tham khao cae tieu chi danh gia cd san tnrdc khi xay dimg cac tigu chi cua ca nhan. Tieu chi danh gia cho cac nang Iuc ehung nhu thuyet ttinh, hgp tac, iam viec nhdm... co the tim thay trong nhigu tai lieu nen giang vien CO the sfl dung hoae tham khao chung. Chi vdi nhiing nang lire rieng, dac thu ciia mdn Giao due hgc, giang vign mdi cin xay dung cac tigu clii cho nang iuc do.
Sau khi xae dinh dugc cac tieu ciii can danh gia eua nang l\rc, bude tiep theo la phai thigt ke cae miic do thg hien cac tieu chi do de lam cSn cfl dua ra quyet dinh ve muc do nang liic dat dugc Clia SV.
2.3.2. Xay di/ng cac mdc dp the hien eae tieu chl da xay ddng
ViSc xay dung cac muc dp thg hien tieu chi cua nang luc bao gdm:
- Lira chpn kieu loai rubric: Ki6u phan tich hay tdng hop hay ket hgp ca phan tich vdi tdng hgp. Giang vien cin can cfl vao uu diem, nhugc digm cua tiing kieu rubric dl lija chpn sfl dung kieu rubric trong danh gia cho phu hgp.
- Quyet dinh so lugng vl mue do the hien eua cac tieu chi. Tai sao phai chu y gidi han so lugng cae mflc do dat dirac Clia cae tieu ehi?. Sd di nhu vay la vi tiong cae thang do sd nhu thang digm 10, thang diem 100 thudng eo nhilu raiic dg danh gia va eang nhidu mflc dp diem thi danh gia cang chi tiet va cu the. Tuy nhien, khae vdi thang do sd, rubric thudng su dung thang md ta dg danh gia. Thang do mo ta tap trung vao viec md ta bang ldi mgt each chi tiet cac mflc do thuc hien edng viee ciia SV dg qua do ma di tdi ket luan vg kha nang hoae nang luc cu the nao dd eua hp. Khi sfl dung thang do nay, qua thue tien cho thay khdng phai giang vien nao cung ed the phan biet rach rdi khi vugt qua 5 mflc dp mieu ta. Do dd, viec them sd lugng ldn cac miic
do trdn ragt thang do chic ehan se lara giam do tin cay cua su danh gia, vi khi phai ddi mat vdi nhilu mflc dp hon kha nang nhan bigt, giang vien cd the dua ra nhung nhan dinh va dllm sd tiiy tien. Han nfla, qua nhilu mflc dd se lam phflc tap qua trinh khai quat viec danh gia dl di din dilm sd cuoi cung. Vi the, ehi nen sfl dung 3 din 5 miic do migu ta la thich hgp nhat. Khi xay dung rubric de danh gia cac nang luc cua SV d mdn GDH, chung toi sfl dung 5 mflc dp md ta su thg hien cac tieu chi eua nang luc. Mdi mflc do flng vdi rapt digm sd tli 1 dgn 5, trong do 5 la mflc cao nhit va I \k mue thap nhat.
- Dua ra md ta ve cac tigu chi danh gia a mflc dp eao nhit, thuc hien tdt nhat.
- Dua ra cac rao ta ve cae tieu chi d cae mue do cdn lai.
- Hoan thien ban rubne.
Mpt trong nhung yeu td quan trpng nhat eua viec thigt kg rubric la sfl dung tfl ngii md ta cac mflc dp thuc hien tieu ehi. Cac mflc dp nay phai dupe md ta bang cac tfl ngu sao eho the hien dupe eae muc dp thuc hien khae nhau cua SV. Cd the su dung nhieu nhom tfl ngfl de migu ta cae mflc dp do nhu: Thuc hien tdt, tuang ddi tdt, chua tdt, kem hay nhiing tu md ta khae nhu ludn luon, phan Idn, thinh thoang, it khi, khong bao gid va nhieu nhdm tfl ngfl khae,...
Sau khi SV da thuc hign cac nhiem vu danh gia nang luc da duge de ra, giang vien ed the su dung rubric phan tieh da xay dung de eham diera va phan hoi ket qua eho ngudi hpe, dac biet la tiong danh gia qua trinh. Ban rubric cua cac nang luc nay se la can cfl dg giang vign sfl dung danh gia vigc thuc hign cae nhigm vu thuc hanh cua SV va cung la can cu de xae djnh mflc dp nang l\rc dat dugc eua hg.
Dudi day la vi du ve rubne danh gia nang Iuc gan vdi mgt nhiem vu cu thg d mon GDH.
NhiSm vu 1 (xem Bang 1)
Bang 1 : Rubric danh gia cac nang li/c cho nhiem vu 1
Cac mdc do thde (ii£n 1. Nang ldc xit If cac tlnh huong giao due
- Phan tfch day du, ro rang, chinh x^c cac thSng tin ve tinh huong va nguyen nhan dan den tinh hudng do.
- Phan Kcfi thong tin v i tinh huong Vci c3c nguyen nhan dan den tinh huong dd
VSn dung cac nguygn tac, phi/dng phap, phUdng tien vJ hlnh tilde td chiJc giao dgc fie xil li tinh huong
- Phan ti'ch c^c tiiong tin ve tinh huong va nguyen nhan dan den tinfi hudng do kha day fiii, ro rang, chinh xae. 4 - Phan tich cSc tfidng tin ve tinh huong vS nguyen nhan dan den tinh hudng do nhdng thieu day du. 3 - Phan tich dddc rat it cac thong tin ve tinti hudng va nguyen nhan dan fien tinh huong dd. Cac thdng tin thieu ^ rd r^ng va chinh xae.
- Khdng phan tich c^c thong tin ve tinh huong cGng nhu nguyen nhan dan fien tinh hudng dd. 1 - Van dgng lot, hdp li cdc nguyen t^c, phi/dng phdp. phdong tien, hinh thde to chtfc giao due de xit li tinh hudng. 5
- Van dung tddng ddi tdt, hdp li cac nguydn tac, phi/dng phdp, phdong tiSn, hlnh tht/c to chdc gido due de xii li ^ tinh hudng.
' van dung cdc nguyen tSc, phddng phdp, phddng tien, hinh thde td chdc giao duo thieu hdp li fie XL( li tinh hudng. 3
- Van dung cdc nguyen tdc, phi/dng phdp, phddng tien, hinh thtfc td chdc gido due rat it hdp li de xd li tinh hudng. 2 - Khdng van dung hoae van dung cac nguyen t i c , phi/dng phdp. phddng tien, hinh thde td chile gido due mdt .j cdch khdng hdp li de xd li tinh hudng.
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mm.
- Xii li tinh hudng hdp II, kheo ldo, dam bao linh gido duo.
- XLI li tinh hudng hop li, kheo leo, tinh te, sdng tao, dam bdo tinh gido due.
- Xll li tinh hudng tddng ddi hdp li, khfio l6o, ddm bao tinh gido due.
- XLI li tinh huong cd cho chda hdp li, khdo l6o, tinh giao due chda cao.
- Xd li tinh hudng ehda hop li, thieu tinh gido due.
- Xd li tinh huong khdng hdp li, thieu tinh gido due.
2. Nang idc lam vlec nhdm
- Tich cgc chia sS trach nhiem vdi cdc thanh vidn khae trong nhdm vd thde hien tdt nhiem vg dddc giao de xd li ^ tdt tinh hudng dat ra.
- Mol thSnb vien chia se nhiem vu trong nhdm vd thde hi8n nhiem vu ddde giao vi mgc tieu chung cua nhdm
- Chia s^ trdch nhiem vdi edc thanh vien ciia nhdm va thgc hien tddng ddi tot nhiem vu duoc giao - Chia s6 trdch nhiem vdi cac thanh vien cua nhdm nhi/ng Ihdc hien nhiem vg dUdc giao chda tieh cgc lam.
- Thde hien nhiem vg dgoc giao mpt cdch hdi hdt.
- Khflng thde hien nhiem vg dddc giao hodc ifl ngi/oc lai muc tiSu ehung cua nhdm. 1 - Tich cgc ddng gdp y tudng, y kien cd nhdn trong qua trinh lam vi§c nhdm mflt edeh chinh xdc va day thuyet _
phuc.
- Ddng gdp y kidn ea nhan cho nhdm
- Oong gdp y tddng, y Mn ca nhan cho nhdm khd chinh xae.
- Ddng gdp y kien ca nhan cho nhdm nhdng cd y kien chua chinh x^c.
- Hiem khi ddng gdp y kien cho nhdm hoae edc y kien dda ra thieu chinh xdc, thieu can cd thuyet phge.
- Khong dong gdp y tddng, y kien cho nhdm.
- Lufln ludn chu y Iling ngbe va tdn trpng y kien ciia cdc thdnh vien khdo trong nhdm, sSn sdng tilp thu y kien du „ y kien do trai ngupc vdl quan d i l m cd nhdn.
- Thddng xuyen chu y lang nghe vd quan tdm y kien ciia nhflng ban khae trong nhdm dd quan ffiem fid khde vdi . quan diem cd nhan. OUa ra cdc nhan xdt ca nhan ve y kien cua ngddi khde nhdng khong phe phdn y kien cua ho.
- Ldng nghe, tdn trong y kien eua ngddi khde trong nhflm
- Ho trd, gidp dd cdc thdnh vien khde cua nhdm ddm bdo cdng viec Clia nhdm dat hieu qud cao
- Cd ehu y lang nghe y kien ciia ngddi khde, nhdng khdng quan tam nhieu den ^ kien cua hg. Khi nhan xet y kien _ cda ngudi khae ddi khi sd dung Idl phe phan nang ne lam ngUdI nghe hdi kho tiep nhan.
- it etiu y lang nghe ngUdi khde trong nhom chia se y kien, khd tiep thu y kien cua ngddi khde. thddng xuyen phan „ bac, phe phdn nang ne lam ngUdi nghe khd tiep nhan.
- Thieu lang nghe cae ban trong nhom ehia se y kien, khflng tiep nhan y kign cua ngddi khde ma cdn da kich, . phan bdc y kien ciia hg,
- Luon ho trd, giup dd cac thanh vien khde phdt huy the manh ca nhdn ddm bao cflng viec ciia nhdm flat hieu p.
qua cao.
- ThUdng xuyen ho trd, giup dd nhau trong nhdm nen cong vi^c eua nhdm dat ket qua tddng ddi tdL 4 - Cd no igc ho tro, giup 3Q l§n nhau trong nhdm nhUng chda du de dat dfldc kdt qud t d t 3
- it no IUc ho trd, giup dd nhau trong nhom nen hieu qua kem. 2 - Thieu sU hd trb giiip dd nhau trang nhdm nen moi quan he trong nhdm rdi rac, khdng gan ket, khdng dam bao
hieu qud cdng viec. '
(Ngudn: Lugn dn Tiin si "Ddnh gid KQHT cua SVDHSP theo tiip can ndng luc"
Nguyen Thi Thanh Trd. Tru&ng Dgi hoc Suphgm Hd Noi) d ldp lOA cua ed NgSn eo hien tirgng nhigu era nfl
nhugm tdc, son mdng tay, thoa son, mac ao mdng, vay ngSn den ldp.
Ngu la cd Ngan, anh/chi se tae dpng den cac em dd nhu thg nao dg hp thay ddi hanh vi trgn?
Yeu cdu: Hay lam viec theo nhdm 4 - 5 ngudi. Sau khi thao luan va thdng nhfit y kign, anh/chi hay trinh bay each lam cua nhdm minh tirude ldp dg giai quygt tinh hudng trgn.
Bai lam cua anh/chi dugc danh gia theo nhiing tigu chi sau:
- Phan tich dugc tmh hudng va nguyen nhan dSn dgn hien trugng trgn. Van dung tdt, hgp li cac phuang phap, phuang tien, hinh thflc td chuc giao due dg xfl li tinh hudng mgt each kheo leo, dam bao tinh giao due.
" Su phdi hap lam viec giua cac ca nhan trong nhdm dg giai quygt nhigm vu.
34 T^P CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DIJC VIET NAM
Nguyen Thi Thanh Tr^
2,4. Yeu cau e6\ vdi ngddi giang vien khi xay diTng rubric danh gia ndng life
Dg xay d\mg d u g c rubric danh gia K Q H T m o n G D H theo tigp can nang lire co chSt lugng va hieu qua, ngudi giang vien can:
- Co kign thflc va ki n5ng vihig vang, chuyen sau vg G D H fig CO thg h i l u ro vg dac trung va tinh chat cua mon hgc.
- Co higu bigt sSu sac ve cac nang lire su p h a m va nang luc chung de higu rd ban eh^t va thanh phan cau tao cua timg nang Iflc do.
- Co higu bigt ve cac n h d m thuat ngft khae nhau dung dg mieu ta mflc dp the hien eua eae tieu chi d a n h gia n a n g luc.
3. K^t luan
Xay d u n g rubric danh gia K Q H T mon G D H theo tigp can n a n g luc la mdt viec lam khdng dg dang va ddi hdi nhigu thdi gian va eong sue cua giang vien. Ygu td tao ngn su thanh cdng cua viec nay la giang vign phai xae dinh dugc nhiing ygu td dac trung, c a ban eua tung nang luc va mieu ta d u g c mflc dp cho tijng ygu to eua nang luc dd. Trong qua trinh xay dung, ban rubric cd thg ngay ihn dSu tign khdng phai da thanh eong. Nd doi hoi su gia cdng cua ngudi giang vien, do dd giang vign phai kign tri, n h l n nai. Nhung ngu xay d u n g thanh cdng rubric thi giang vien se cd cdng eu dg thuc hien danh viee danh gia K Q H T mdn GDH theo tigp can nang lue cho SV mdt each ed higu qua.
Tai li^u tham khao
[ 1 ] Ton Quang Cudng, (2009), Ap dung ddnh gid theo rubric trong dgy hoc, T^p cht Giao dye, sd 221, tr.47 - 4 8 , 15.
[2] Trinh Thj Lan - Nguyin Thu Thiiy, (2018), Thiit hi Rubrics ddnh gid bdi viet van thuyit minh cita hgc sinh lap 8, Tap chi Giao due, s6 432, U.44 - 48.
[3] DiTOTig Tiin Sy - Tmong Thi Thanh Mai, (2016), Xdy dung rubric ddnh gid kT ndng dgy hoc cua sinh vien su phgm. Tap chi Khoa hpc Giao due, so 129, tr.29 ~ 32.
[4] LS Thi Ngpc Nhln, (2014), Van dung rubric de xdy dung lieu chi ddnh gid. Tap chi Khoa hpc, Trudng Dai hoc Su pham Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh, s6 62, tr.147 - 1 5 1 . [5] Nguyen Thi Hucmg Lan, (2015), Sir dung Rubric Irong
viec xdy dimg hudng ddn chdm diem doi vai dgng de m&
mon NgU vdn. Tap chi Khoa hpc Giao due, sd 118, tr. 17 - 20.
[6] Trinh Thj Phuong Thao, (2019), Thiit ki vd sir dung Rubrics ldm cong cu ddnh gid trong qud trinh dgy hoc Todn d truang trung hgc pho thong. Tap chi Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nara, s6 16, rr.43 - 4 8 .
[7] Triin Ba Hoanh, (1995), Ddnh gid trong gido dye. NXB Giao due, Ha Npi.
[8] Hoang Due NhuSn - LS Due Phuc, (1995), Co s& li ludn Clia viec ddnh gid chdt Iugng hgc lap ciia hoc sinh pho thong. Vai tro cua nhd truang trong viec hinh thdnh vd
phdt tnen nhdn cdch ciia hgc sinh, NXB Ha Npi.
[9] Tran Thi Tuyet Oanh, (2007), Ddnh gid vd do luang kit qud hgc tap, NXB Dai hpc Su pham. Ha Noi.
[10] Nguyen Van Giao - Nguyin Hiru Quynh - Vu Van Tao - Bui Hign, (2001), Tir diin Gido due hoc, NXB Tfl diln Bach khoa, Ha Npi.
[11] Dang Thanh Hung, (2013), KTnang day hoc vd tieu chi ddnh gid. Tap chi Khoa hoc Giao due, so 88, tr.5 - 9.
[12] Tran Thi Bich Liiu, (2007), Ddnh gid chdt lugng gido due: ngi dung - phuang phdp - kT thugt, NXB Dai hpe Su pham, Ha Npi
[13] Airasian P. W, (2005), Classroom assessment: concepts and applications (5"' edition), McGraw - Hill Higher Education, USA.
[!4] Kubiszyn T. and Borieh G, (2003), Educational Testing and Measurement, classroom application and practice (7* edition), John Wiley & Sons, USA.
[15] Nitko A. J. & Brookhart S.M, (2007), Educational Assessment of Students, 5'^ Ed, Pearson Education, Inc, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Merrill Prentiee Hall.
[16] Nguyen Thi Thanh Tra, (2015), Xdy dung lieu chi ddnh gid ket qud ihifc tap gidng day ciia sinh vien Dgi hoc Su phgm theo tiep can ndng luc thuc hien. Tap chi Thiet bi Gido due, s6 114, tr.28-32.
BUILDING RUBRICS FOR EVALUATING STUDENTS' LEARNING OUTCOMES IN PEDAGOGY SUBJECTS AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL IN COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACH
Nguyen Thi Tiianh Tra Hanoi National University of Education 136 Xiiar Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Email: [email protected]
kBSl[\kCT.lnevaluatingstudents'learningoutcomesatthecourselevelingeneral, and In Pedagogy subjects in particularly based on competence approach, one of the most difficult steps is to build tools for evaluating competence of learners, of which rubric is the most efficient tool. This article clarifies the methods of building rubrics for evaluating learning outcomes in Pedagogy in competence- based approach, including two steps which are defining evaluation criteria for particular competences and determining the achievement levels of such criteria. Each step is described in details to clarify the typical features of competence-based evaluation in order to provide lecturers a reference for teaching this course.
KEYWORDS: Rubric; evaluating learning outcomes; pedagogy; competence-based approach.
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