Cac thanh phan cua nang li/c tam ly anh hu'dng den hieu qua
trong hoc tap tai TrUorng Dai hoc Kinh te Cong nghiep Long An
TRAM THANH PHONG"
PHtfCiC IVIINH HIEP"
Tom tat
Trong nghien cffu ndy, nhdm tdc gid ddnh gid sff tdc ddng cdc thdnh phdn cua ndng luc tdm ly di'n hiiu qud hgc tap cM sinh vien tgi TrUdng Dgi hgc Kinh ti Cdng nghiep Long An. Thdng qua kiem dinh md Mnh hoi quy bdi bang SPSS 20, kit qud cho thdy, trong 4 thdnh phdn ctia ndng lue tdm ly chi cd Vugt khd khong cd y nghia thdng ki vi cd gid tri Sig.> 0,05, nin xem nhu khdng cd tdc ddng din hieu qud hgc tap. Cdc bii'n dgc lgp cdn lgi cd dnh hudng theo mffc do gidm ddn, cu the: Lgc quan cd dnh hudng mgnh nhd't; Hy vgng cd dnh hudng thff hai vd cudi cung Id Tff tin.
Tiif khoa: ndng luc tdm ly, hiiu qud hoc tap, Trudng Dgi hgc Long An Summary
In this study, the authors evaluate the impact of components of psychological capital on learning effectiveness of students at Long An University of Economics and Industry. Through performing the multiple regression model in SPSS 20, the results show that among 4 components of psychological capital, there are three ones creating influence on learning effectiveness, in descending order of impact, which are Optimism, Hope and Self Efficacy. Only Resiliency does not create any impact because the value of Sig. Is more than 0.05.
Keywords; psychological capital, learning effectiveness. Long An University of Economics and Industry
GIOI THIEU Chd't lffdng dao tao cua Trffdng ngdy cdng dffde eai tbien, ndng eao vdi viec tang cffdng boat ddng thifc Thanh lap ngay 04/05/2007, la hdnh, thffc tap, ren luydn ky ndng mim, gido due trffdng dai hpc da nganh, da ITnh vifc ngoai gid ldn Idp, Iff va'n hffdng nghiep, viec lam... Chii dau lien, cung Id dai hpc ngoai cdng trffdng cua Nha trffdng Id ehuyen vide day hpc nang ve lap diu tien va duy nhd'l eua linh Long eung ca'p kie'n thffc sang viec hinh thanh pha'm chd't.
An, Trffdng Dai hoc Kinh le Cdng nang Iffe, ky ndng cua ngffdi hpc. Ngoai ra, boat ddng nghidp Long An ludn dat trong tdm hdp lae qud'c te'dffdc md rdng.
vdo chd't Iffdng dao tao, nham cung ed'p De thffdng hidu cua Trffdng ngdy cang cd uy tin cho xa hdi lu'c Iffdng lao ddng Ire cd ky trong ngdnh gido due, thi vide ndng eao hieu qua hoc Ihudt, kie'n thffe khoa hpe vd kha ndng tap cua sinh vien la dieu c^n thie't phai hffdng tdi. Trong ldm viec ddc lap, sdng tao, vffng vang bd'i canh dd, nhdm tde gia lffa chpn de tdi ddnh gid sff ve chuyen mdn, theo kip sff phat trie'n tac ddng cdc thdnh phan ciia nang Iffe tdm iy de'n hieu nhanh ehdng eua thdi dai. qua hpc tap cua sinh vien tai Trffdng de nghien effu.
'ThS., Tru'dng Dai hgc Long An
"PGS, TS., Tap chi Cpng san I Email: phuocminhhiep@gmail.com Ngdy nhdn bdi: 20/12/2018; Ngdy phdn bien: 12/01/2019: Ngdy duyel ddng: 18/01/2019
Hir^H: MO HINH DE XUAT
Nguon Mhom t a r gia de
CO s d LY THUYET VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
Cd sd ly thuyd't
Cdc thdnhphdn cua ndnglUc tdm ly (Psychological Capital): Trong nghidn effu eua Nguydn va cdng sff (2011) cho tha'y, rihffng ye'u td' ve ndng Iffc lam ly ed ldc ddng dd'n hidu qua lam viec cua nhdn vien va md'i quan he nay la eung ehilu. Xem xet d khia canh id'ng qudt hieu qua hpc tap hay hieu qua ldm viec tffe la mdt tap hdp cac ke't qua cua qud tnnh lao dpng.
Trifdc dd, Luthans va cdng sff (2007a) da dffa ra 4 ye'u to' thude ve ndng Iffe lam ly la: Ti^ tin, Lac quan, Hy vpng va Vifpl khd, theo do:
- Tff tin (Self Efficacy - SE) dd Id sff cd' gang bang nhffng nd life can thid't de dat dffde sff thanh cdng.
- Lac quan (Optimism - OP) dd la tao ra nhffng suy ngbl lieh effc ve sff thanh cdng se de'n trong hien lai vd tffdng lai.
- Hy vpng (Hope - HP) la sff kien dinh di ldi muc tieu cua minh va khi can thie'l cd the thay doi cdeh thffc thifc hien va ea hu'dng di de di de'n dich.
- Vu'dt khd (Resiheney - RE) Id kha nang chd'ng dd, giff vffng phuc hdi khi gap phai nhffng trd ngai khd khan.
Mdi quan he giffa cdc thdnh phdn cua ndng lUc tdm ly vd hieu qud trong hgc tgp:
(i) Tu tin vd hiiu qud cong viic: Nghien cffu cua Stajkovic va Luthans (1998); Legal va Meyer (2009) cho rang, cd sff lien hd ehat che giffa lif lin va hieu qua cdng viee.
(//) Lgc quan vd hiiu qud cdng viec: Nghidn cffu cua Jr, Medlm vd Whitten (2004) cho thd'y rdng, nhffng nha quan tri ed the cai thien nang sua't lao ddng cua cd nhan, cijng nhif id chffc thdng qua tinh lac quan cua eon ngifdi.
(iii) Hy vgng vd hieu qud cdng viic: Nhffng ngffdi cd tinh hy vpng cao se nd Iffe hifdng idi muc lieu va kha ndng khdn kheo vffdt qua nhffng trd ngai de' dat dffpe sff thanh cdng (Avey va edng sff, 2010).
(iv) Vugt khd vd hieu qud cdng viic: Theo Luthans va edng sff (2007b), vffdt khd la kha ndng la'y lai sff thanh edng sau khi gap phai nhffng trd ngai va khd 'Cumulative Grade Point Average
^ Grade Point Average
khan. Vu'dt khd la dac diem aia ngu'di khdng ehiu thua ma \ui''v -.iin c<5 hpi that Slf de mang tdi sif lii.ni' -'-^"S khac (Bonanno, 2004, 2005).
Cd nhi^u quan die'm va each thffe do lu'dng hidu qua hpc tap khac nhau.
Hidu qua hpe tap cd the do Iffdng thdng qua die'm COipA' theo Danniyal va cpng sff (2011), hay GPA-cua Li va edng sff (2015).
Hieu qua hpe tdp eung cd tbd do sinh vien tff ddnh gia ve qua trinh hpe ldp cua chinh hp vd hieu qua tim kie'm vide lam (Nguyin Dinh Tho vd Nguyin Thj Mai Trang, 2009).
Kien thffc tbu nhan cua sinh vien vd ky ndng thu nhdn cua sinh vien la muc lieu quan trpng nha't eua ede trffdng dai hpc, cung nhff sinh vien. Trong nghien effu ndy, hidu qua hpc tdp cua sinh vien dffdc dinh nghTa nhff nhffng ddnh gid tdng qudt eua chinh sinh vien ve kie'n thffc vd ky ndng ma hp thu nhdn dffde trong qud trinh hpe tdp.
Tff nhffng phan tich tren tde gia de xua't md hinh nghien cffu nhff Hinh.
Theo do, nhdm tde gia dffa ra cae gia thuye't:
HI^: Tff tin lac ddng cung ehilu vdi hieu qua hpe tap.
H2^: Lae quan tde ddng ciing chieu vdi hieu qua hpc ldp.
H3^: Hy vpng tac ddng cung chilu vdi hieu qua hpc tap.
H4^: VffPl Idid tdc ddng cung chieu vdi hieu qua hpc tdp.
Phffdng phap nghidn cffu Khao sdt dffdc thffc hien theo phffdng ph_ap chpn mau thudn lien. Pham vi la'y mdu Id cac sinh vien eua Tru'dng Dai hpe Kinh te' Cdng nghiep Long An. Trong nghidn effu nay co ta't ca 18 bie'n quan sat cua 4 bie'n dpe lap, ndn cd mdu td'i thieu cdn dai Id 18 ^'- 5 = 70. Cde tdc gia dff kien se khao sat n = 240 phie'u.
Sau khi tien hanh khao sdt vdi sd phieu phat ra 240, so phieu thu vl 206 so phieu hdp Id 190. Thdi gian thffc hidii nghien cffu vao giffa nam 2018.
KET QUA NGHIEN CL/U Kiem ^nh do tin cay Cronbach's Alpha Kel qua nghien cffu cho iha'y bd so Cronbach's Alpha > 0,6 (Nunnally va
Bernstein, 1994) va he sd tffdng quan bie'n - tdng (Correctted Item- Total correlation) cua bie'n do Iifdng > 0,3 (Nunnally va Bernstein, 1994) (Bang 1, 2, 3). Cu the:
- Trong phan tich Cronbach's Alpha cua bie'n Tff tin (SE) ed he sd' la 0,775 va he sd tffdng quan bie'n - tdng tha'p nhd't la SEl Id 0,480, ndn 4 bie'n quan sdt dffdc chd'p nhdn.
- Cronbach's Alpha bie'n Lae quan (OP) cdhd sola 0,883 va he so tffdng quan bie'n - tdng thd'p nha't la 0P4 Id 0,717, nen 4 bie'n quan sat dffdc chd'p nhdn.
- Cronbach's Alpha cde bie'n Hy vong (HP) cd he sd' la 0,763 va he so' tffdng quan bie'n - ldng tha'p nha'l la HP3 la 0,486, nen 3 bie'n quan sdt dffdc ehd'p nhdn.
- Cronbach's Alpha bie'n Vffdt khd (RE) cd he so' la 0,506 va he sd' tffdng quan bie'n - tdng tbd'p nhd't la RES la 0,190, nen loai bie'n RES. Sau khi phdn tich lan 2 vdi 2 bie'n REl va RE2 la tbd'y hd sdCronbach's Alpha = 0,593 w 0,6, cd the chd'p nhdn nen van giff bie'n RE.
- Cronbach's Alpha bie'n Hieu qua (AP) ed he sd' la 0,810 va bd so' tffdng quan bid'n - long thd'p nha't la APS Id 0,543, nen 4 bie'n quan sat dffde cha'p nhdn.
Phan tich nMn td'kham pha (EFA) Do'i vdi phan tich EFA can kieh thffde mdu ldn. Kd'l qua chay 2 lan, thi td't cd cdc gid tri deu >0,5 va ed phffdng sai trich >50%, vdi ket qua trich dffdc 4 nhdn id lai Eigenvalue 1,163, vdi tdng phffdng sai trieh la 55,917%.
Kiem dinh md hinh nghidn cu'u Phan tich hdi quy bdi cho thd'y, md hinh phu hdp vdi dff Hdu tbu dffdc, Ke'l qua chi ra rang, hieu qua hpc tap phu thupc vdo 3 thdnh phan cua ndng life tdm ly Id: Tff tin, Lac quan va Hy vpng ffng vdi 3 gia Ihuye't dffdc thda man Id HI, H2, H3 vdl dp tin cdy 95% vd phifdng trinb hdi quy chuan hda la:
AP = 0,128*SE -h 0,389*OP + 0,209* HP
Khl do tim su' vi pham cua eae gia dinh can ihie'l, nhdm tac gia tha'y rdng, cdc gia dinh ed sff phil hdp cua md hinh (vdi F=25,339; Sig.=0,000); hidn tffdng phffdng sai thay dd'i (chud'n dodn bang hinh anh-ScatlerPIol), sai sd' cd phan phd'i chud'n (Mean=3,OSE-16; Std.
Dve=0,989); phan dff la dde lap khdng xay ra hien tffdng Iff tffdng quan (Durbin
BANG 1: KET QUA CRONBACH'S ALPHA THANG DO CAC THANH PHAN
NhSn t&
Tif tin - SE Lac quan - OP Hy vpng - HP vaai kho - RE Hieu qua - AP
Phin tich Cronbach's Alpha iSn 1 sa'big'n
quan sat 4 4 3 3 4
Hfsd' Cronbach's Alpha
0,775 0,883 0,736 0,506 0,810
Phan tich Cronbach's Alpha 1 ^ 2 Sd'bien quan
sat
'
2 H^sfl' Cronbach's Alpha
0.746 0,593
BANG 2: KIEM DltiH KMO VA BARTLETT CAC BIEN DOC L,S^p Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampieing Adequacy
Barlleu',s Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square Df
Sig.
0,816
%3,047 78 ,000
BANG 3: KIEM DjNH KMO VA BARTLETT CAC BIEN PHU THUOC Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampieing Adequacy
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square Df
Sig.
0,768 240,065 6 0,000
Watson=I,457), vd khdng xay ra hien tffdng da cdng luye'n (0<=VIF<=2), Nhu' vdy, td't cd deu thoa man.
KET LUAN VA HAM Y QUAN TRj Kd't luan chung
Trong 4 thdnh ph^n cua nang lite tam ly chi ed thanh phan vffdl khd (RE) khdng ed y ngbla Ihd'ng ke vi ed gia tri Sig. > 0,05, nen xem nhff khdng cd tae dpng de'n hieu qua hpc tap. Nguyen nhan ed the' la do Tru'dng Dai hpc Kinh le' Cdng nghiep Long An Id Irffdng tff, ndi cac sinh vien cd dieu kien kinh td'ld'l va yeu cau vd eha't Iffdng vffa phai, nen sinb vidn khdng danh gid tinh than vffdl khd cd anh hffdng de'n hidu qua hpe tap.
Cdc bie'n ddc lap edn Iai cd anh hffdng theo mffc do Beta chud'n hda giam dan, cu the'; Lac quan (OP) ed anh hffdng manh nha'l dd'n hieu qua hoc ldp, vdi Beta chua'n hda = 0,389; Kd' de'n la Hy vong (HP) cd anh hffdng thff nhi de'n bieu qua hpc tdp, vdi Beta chud'n hda = 0,209;
va cud'i eiing Id Tff tin, vdi Beta chuan hda = 0,128.
HINH: MO HINH DE XUAT
each thffe
CO SCf LY THUYET VA PHaCNG PHAP NGHIEN C(J\J
Ccf sri ly thuyd't
Cdc thdnhphdn cua ndng Iffc tdm ly (Psychological Capital): Trong nghien effu ei5a Nguydn va edng sif (2011) cho thd'y, nhffng yen td' ve ndng Iffc tam ly cd tac dpng de'n hidu qua lam vide cua nhan vien vd md'i quan he nay la cung chidu. Xem xel d khia canh td'ng quat hieu qua hpe tap hay hieu qua ldm viee tffe la mdl lap hdp ede ke't qua eua qua irinh lao ddng.
Trffde dd, Luthans va edng sif (2007a) dd du'a ra 4 ye'u Id' thudc ve ndng life tdm Iy la: Tif tin, Lae quan, Hy vong va Vffdt khd, tbeo dd:
- Tlf tin (Self Efficacy - SE) dd la sff ed' gang bang nhffng nd life can thie't de' dat dffdc sff tbdnh cdng.
- Lae quan (Optimism - OP) dd la lao ra nhffng suy ngbl lieh effc ve sif thanh cdng se dd'n trong hien tai va Iffdng lai.
- Hy vpng (Hope - HP) la sff kien dinh di ldi muc lieu cua minh va khi ean ihie'l cd the tbay doi cdeh thffc thffc hien va cd hffdng di de' di de'n dich.
- Vifpt khd (Resiliency - RE) la kha nang chdng dd, giff vi^g phuc hoi khi gap phai nhffng trd ngai khd khdn.
Md'i quan he giffa cdc thdnh phdn cua ndng Iffc tdm ly vd hi$u qud trong hgc tgp:
(i) Tu tin va Miu qud cdng viec: Nghien effu eua Stajkovic va Luthans (1998); Legal va Meyer (2009) cho rang, cd sff lien hd ehat che giffa Iff tin vd hidu qua edng vide.
(ii) Lgc quan vd hiiu qud cdng viec: Nghien cffu cua Jr, Medlm vd Whitten (2004) eho tha'y rang, nhffng nha qudn tri cd the' eai thien nang sud't lao ddng cua cd nhan, cung nhff Id' ehffc thdng qua tinh lae quan eua con ngifdi.
(iii) Hy vgng vd hiiu qud cdng viec: Nhffng ngffdi ed tinh hy vong eao se nd Iffc hffdng ldi muc lieu va kha nang khdn kheo vifpl qua nhiJng trd ngai de dat difdc sff tbdnh cdng (Avey va cdng sff, 2010).
(iv) Vugt khd vd hiiu qud cdng viec: Theo Luthans va edng sff (2007b), vu'dt khd la kha ndng Id'y lai sff thanh edng sau khi gap phai nhffng trd ngai va khd I Cumulative Grade Point Average
-Grade Point Average
khan. Vtfdt khd Id ddc d i e m a i a ngffdi khdng chiu thua ma ludn !iiii ed hpi thdt stf de mang tdi stf ili.^'if' -'^'^S ^^'^
(Bonanno, 2004, 2005) Cd nbieu quan dieni va ede do Iffdng hieu qua hpc ldp khae nhau.
Hieu qua hpc tdp cd the' do Iffdng thdng qua die'm CGPA' theo Danniyal va edng stf (2011), hay GPA-cua Li vd cdng sff (2015).
Hieu qua hpe tap cung cd the do sinh vien Iff danh gid vl qua trinh hpc tap cua chinh hp va hieu qua lim kie'm viec Idm (Nguyen Dinh Thp va Nguyen Thi Mai Trang, 2009).
Kie'n thffc thu nhdn eua sinh vien vd ky nang tbu nhan cua sinh vien la muc tidu quan trpng nhd't cua cac trffdng dai hoc, cung nhff sinh vien. Trong nghidn effu ndy, hieu qua hoc tap cua sinh vien dffdc dinh nghia nhff nhffng ddnh gid long qudt cua chinh sinh vien ve kie'n thffc va ky ndng md hp thu nhdn dffde trdng qud trinh hpc tap.
Tff nhffng phdn tieh trdn tde gia de xud't md hinh nghien cffu nhff Hlnb.
Thed do, nhdm tae gia dtfa ra ede gia thuye't:
Hl^: Ttf lin tde ddng eung chi^u vdi hieu qua hpc tap.
H2^: Lac quan tac ddng eung chieu vdi hieu qua hpc lap.
H3^: Hy vpng tae ddng eung chi^u vdi hieu qua hpe tap.
H4^: Vtfdt khd lae ddng cung ehieu vdi bieu qua hoc lap.
PhUdng phap nghidn cu'u Khdo sdt dtfdc thtfc hien theo phtfdng ph_ap chpn mdu thudn lien. Pham vi Id'y mdu Id cdc sinh vidn eua Trtfdng Dai hpc Kinh le' Cdng nghiep Long An. trong nghien effu nay ed lat ca 18 bie'n quan sdt^cua 4 bie'n ddc lap, nen cd mdu td'i thieu^an^dai la 18 * 5 = 70. Cac tac gia dff kien se khao sdi n = 240 phie'u.
Sau khi tie'n hanh khao sat vdi so phieu phdi ra 240, sd phie'u thu ve 206 so phieu hdp le 190. Thdi gian thtfc hidn nghien cffu vdo giffa nam 2018,
KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU Ki6'm dinh dp tin cSy Cronbach's Alpha Ket qud nghien effu eho thay he so' Cronbach's Alpha > 0,6 (Nunnally va
54
Bernstein, 1994) va he so' ttfdng quan bie'n - td'ng (Correctted Item- Total correlation) cua bie'n do Iffdng > 0,3 (Nunnally va Bernstein, 1994) (Bang 1, 2, 3). Cu the:
- Trong phan tich Cronbach's Alpha eua bien Tff tin (SE) ed he so' la 0,775 va he sd' tffdng quan bie'n - td'ng thd'p nhd't la SEl Id 0,480, nen 4 bid'n quan sat dffpe chd'p nhdn.
- Cronbach's Alpha bid'n Lac quan (OP) cd he sd'ld 0,883 va he sd'tffdng quan bie'n - l6ng thd'p nhd'l Id 0P41a 0,717, nen 4 bie'n quan sdt dffdc chd'p nhan.
- Cronbach's Alpha cae bid'n Hy vpng (HP) cd he sd' la 0,763 vd he sd' tffdng quan bie'n - td'ng thd'p nha't la HP3 Id 0,486, nen 3 bie'n quan sdt dffdc cha'p nhan.
- Cronbach's Alpha bid'n Vffdt khd (RE) cd he sd' Id 0,506 va he sd' iffdng quan bie'n - tdng tbd'p nhd't Id RE3 Id 0,190, ndn loai bie'n RE3. Sau khl phan tich lan 2 vdi 2 bid'n REl va RE2 ta tha'y he sd'Cronbaeb's Alpha = 0,593 = 0,6, ed the chd'p nhdn ndn vdn giff bie'n RE.
- Cronbach's Alpha bid'n Hidu qua (AP) ed he so' la 0,810 va he sd' tffdng quan bie'n - td'ng thd'p nhd't la AP3 la 0,543, nen 4 bie'n quan sdt dffdc cha'p nhdn.
Phan tich nhan td'kham pha (EFA) Dd'i vdi phdn lieh EFA can kich thffde mdu ldn. Ke'l qua chay 2 lan, thi ta't ca cac gid tri deu >0,5 vd cd phffdng sai trich >50%, vdi ke't qua trich dffdc 4 nhan to' tai Eigenvalue 1,163, vdi tong phtfdng sai trieh Id 55,917%.
Kiem dinh md hmh nghidn cu'u Phan tieh hdi quy bdi eho tbd'y, md hinh phu hpp vdi dff lieu thu dtfde. Ke't qua ehi ra rang, hieu qua hpc tap phu thude vao 3 thdnh phan cua ndng life tdm ly la: Tff tin, Lac quan va Hy vpng ffng vdi 3 gia thuyd't dffdc thda man la HI, H2, H3 vdi dd tin cay 95% vd phffdng trinh hdi quy chud'n hda la:
AP = 0,!28^'SE + 0,389WP + 0,209* HP
Khi dd lim sff vi pham cua ede gia dinh can thie't, nhom tdc gia tha'y rang, cae gia dinh ed sff phii hdp cua md hinh (vdi F=25,339; Sig.=^0,000); hien tffdng phffdng sai ihay doi (chud'n dodn bang hinh anh-ScatterPlot), sai so' cd phdn phd'i chua'n (Mean=3,03E-16; Std.
Dve=0,989); phan dff la dde lap khdng xay ra hien Iffdng ttf tffdng quan (Durbin
BANG 1: KET QUA CRONBACH'S ALPHA THANG DO cAC THANH PHAN
NhSn t6'
Ttr tm - SE Lac quan- OP Hy vong-HP Vifcft kho - RE Hieu qua - AP
PhSn tfch Cronbach's Alpha lln 1 Sobi^n
quan sdt 4 4 3 3 4
Cronbach's Alpha 0,775 0,883 0,736 0,506 0,810
Phftn tich Cronbach's Alpha lan 2 S3' bi^'n quan
sat
2 2
H@sd' Cronbach's Alpha
0,746 0,593
BANG 2; KIEM DINH KMO VA BARTLETT CAC BIEN DOC LAP Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampieing Adequacy
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx Chi-Square Df
Sig.
0,816 963,047 78 ,000
BANG 3: KIEM DINH KMO VA BARTLETT CAC BIEN PHU THUOC Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampieing Adequacy
Bartlen's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square Df
Sig.
0,768 240,065 6 0,000
Watson=l,457); va khdng xdy ra hien tffdng da cdng tuye'n (0<=:VIF<=2). Nhff vay, la't ea deu thda man.
KET LUAN VA HAM Y QUAN TRI Ke't ludn chung
Trong 4 thdnh phan cua nang life tdm ly cbi cd thanh phan vu'dt khd (RE) khdng cd y nghia Ihd'ng kd vi cd gid tri Sig. > 0,05, nen xem nhff khdng cd tac dpng de'n bidu qua hpc tap. Nguyen nhan cd the la do Trffdng Dai hpe Kinh le'Cdng nghiep Long An la trffdng tff, ndi cde sinh vien cd dieu kidn kinh te'td't va yeu c^u ve ehd'l Iffdng vffa phai, nen sinh vienkhdng ddnh gid tinh than vffdt khd cd anh hffdng de'n hieu qua hpc tap.
Cac bie'n ddc lap cdn lai ed anh hffdng theo mffc dp Beta chud'n hda gidm dan, eu the': Lac quan (OP) co dnh hffdng manh nha't de'n hieu qua hpe tap, vdi Beta chuan hda = 0,389, Kedd'n la Hy vong (HP) co anh hu'dng thff nhi de'n hieu qua hpc tap, vdi Beta chua'n hda = 0,209;
va cud'i ciing la Tff lin, vdi Beta chuin hda = 0,128.
Ham y quan tri Viec to ehffe nhffng budi ndi chuyen Thff nhd't, dd'i ydi nhdn to'Lgc quan (OP): TYiding ngoai khda vdi cac chuydn gia tdm ly Dai hpe Kmh le' Cdng nghiep Long An la tru'dng nhdm ndng cao nhdn thffc \d tdm ly dao lao theo hu'dng nghien effu ffng dung. Trffdng cd banh vi, eung la bien phdp ndng cao sffe nhieu ehffdng trinh giao lffu, tham quan ihffc td' vd manh ve tinh than cho sinh vien. Dieu thffe tdp td't nghiep d cac doanh nghiep trdn dia ban nay eung giup eho sinh vien cd nhidu ky tinh Long An va d TP. Ho Chi Minh. Chinh vi vdy, vpng vd ffdc md vd mong mud'n ffng dung sinh vien ra trffdng hau hd't cd viee ldm vdi mffc thu kid'n thffc da hoe vdo thffc tien.
nhdp khd cao. Dieu dd, giup eho sinh vien lac quan Thdba, dd'i vdi nhan td'TUtin (SE):
va tff hao ve Trffdng. Viec td' ehffc, dd'i mdi phffdng phap Thd hai, dd'i vdi nhdn to' Hy vgng (HP): Nhd giang day da giup cho sinb vien ehu irffdng dd to' ebffe kd't hdp giang day ly thuyd't vdi ddng va manh dan hdn trong hpe tap, thffc hdnh de sinh vien cd ky ndng ffng dung khd lot. nhd't Id sinh vidn khd'i nganh Quan tri Cac giang vien da ffng dung phffdng phap giang day kmh doanh. Bdi, nganh hpe nay cd nhieu Id'y ngffdi hpe Iam trung ldm; phdt huy tinh sang lao mdn phdi thao luan nhdm, trinh bay va cua sinh vien; nhi^u mdn hpc sinh vien phai vie't ihuye't trinh, nen sinh vien rd't nang nd'va ehuyen de hay xay dffng Onh hud'ng va bao cdo, ehu dOng. Dong thdi, cung giiip cho sinh thuyd'l trinh. Nhd do, sinh vien nam rd't vffng ndi vien iff tin hdn trong hpe tdp, eung nhff dung cua cdc mdn hpc. sau khi td't nghiep ra bffdng.Q
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO-
1. Hoang Trpng, Chu Nguydn Mdng Ngpc (2005). Phdn tich dff lieu vdi SPSS, Nxb Thd'ng ke 2. Hoang Trpng, Chu Nguyen Mong Ngpc (2008). Thd'ng ki ffng dung trong kinh ti- xd hgi, Nxb Thd'ng kd
3. Nguydn Dinh Tho va Nguyin Thi Mai Trang (2009). Phuang phdp nghien cffu khoa hoc trong qudn tri kinh doanh, Nxb Thd'ng ke
4. Avey, J.B., Luthans, F & Youssef, C M . (2010). The Additive Value of Positive Psychological Capital in Predicting Work Altitudes and Behaviors, Journal of Management, 36(2), 430-452
5. Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, Truama, and Human Resilience: Have we undersestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely adverse events?, American Psychologist, 59(1), 20-28
6. Bonanno, G. A. (2005). Clarifying and Extending the Construct of Adult Resilience, American Psychologist, 60(3), 265-267
7. Daniyal, M, Nawaz, T., Aleem, M. & Hassan, A. (2011). The factors Affecting the Student's Performance: A Case Study of Islamia Universily of Bhawalpur, Pakistan, African, Journal of Education and Technology. 1 (2), 45-51
8. Legal, I B . & Meyer, T. (2009). Goal Priming and Self-efficacy: Independent Contributions toMotorPerformance, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 108, 383-39!
9. Li, Y., Wei, P., Ren, S. & Di, Y. (2015). Locus of control, psychological empowerment and intrinsic motivation relation to performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology 30(4) 422- 438
10. Luthans, F., Youssef, C M . & Avolio, B.J. (2007a). Psychological Capital: Developing the Human Competitive Edge, Publisher: Oxford Universily Press
11. Luthans, F. el al. (2007b). Po.sitive Psychological Capital: Measurement and Relationship with Perfonnance and Satisfaction, access to https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/I0 1111/
j . 1744-6570.2007.00083.x
12. Jr, K W. G., Medlin, B., Whitten, D. (2004). Developing optimism to improve performance: an approach for the manufacturing sector, Indusirial Management & Data Systems, 104(2), 106-114
13. Nguyen, T.D. & Nguyen, T.T.M. (2011). Psychological Capital, Quality of Work Life and Quality of Life of Marketers: Evidence from Vietnam, Journal of Macromarketing. 32( 1) 87-95
14. Nunnally JC and Bernstein IH (1994). Psychometric Theory. 3"' ed. New York- McGraw-Hill
15. Stajkovic, A.D. & Luthans, F. (1998). Social cognitive theory and self-efficaey: Goin beyond traditional motivational and behavioral approaches. Organizational Dynamic '^6(4') 62-74 ' '• ~ ^ >^
