KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
DAC DIEM R A HOA V A PHAT TRIEIXl QUA CLIA GIOIVG VIJ BLTA TRAIXIG [ChrysaphyNum cainittii
T A I T i M H AIM GIAIXIG
TOMTAT
Tran Sy Hi^u\ Pham Tlianh TdnS Thinh Van An^ Tran van Hau^
Nghien cmi dupe Uiuc hien nham tim hieu dac tinh ra hoa, dau qua va phat trien qua cua gidng vu siia Irang trong tai huyen TTioai Son va Tn Ton, tinh An Giang. Thi nghiem dirm: thirc hien tir thang 8/2017 den thang 4/2018, tren 10 cay vu sira trSng co do tuoi 20-50 nam. diroc trOng tir hat. Cac chi tieu khao sat bao gom: thoi gian ra hoa, thu hoach, su dau qua, rung qua non va phat tnen qua. Ngoai ra, cac chi tieu liSn quan de'n nang suat va pham chat cua qua cung duox: khao sat. Ket qua cho thay cay vii siia trSng bdt dau trd hoa vao dau miia mua (thang 6 am lich). Thoi gian tir khi nhii mam hoa d^n khi ket thiic ra hoa va tir khi dau qua den khi thu hoach keo dai 48,8 ± 3,1 ngay va 126,3 ± 1,7 ngay, theo thir tir. Kich thuoc qua vii siia tang tnrdng nhanh o 8 tuan dau hen ke tir khi dau qua. O 4 Uian cudi truoc khi thu hoach, kich thuoc qua vu sua gan nhu khong thay ddi. Tdc dp tang tnrdng Idioi luong qua trung binh mdi tuan la 2,7 g, cao nhat b giai doan gan thu hoach (53,4 g/tudn). Khdi luong tmng binh cua mot qua vii sua tring d thdi di^m thu hoach la 213,4 + 7,2 g, nang suat dat 168,9 + 17,9 kg/cay. Qua vii sira trang cd ham lugng vitamin C d muc 16,0 + 0,89 mg tren 100 g thit qua. Ham luong chat khd chiem 15,8% + 0,45 khdi luong qua, do Brix trung binh khoang 13,5%.
Tu khoa: Vu sua trdng, Chrysopbyllum caimito, sura boa, supbat trien qua.
1 . GIOI TIIIEU
Vii sira {Chrysophyllum cainito) la loai qua cay dac san cua viing nhiet doi dupe mpi nguoi ua chuong boi day la loai qua ngon, co vi ngpt, miii thom, CO nhieu vitamin va khoang chat rat tot cho Stic khoe. Neu nhu b Tien Giang c6 vii sUa Lo Ren, Dong Thap co vii stia Ba thi An Giang lai dupe biet den voi loai vii sira "Bay Niii". Vii stia "Bay Niii" tuy khong to nhu nhirng loai vii sira trong b cac vimg khac, nhung lai co vi ngon ngpt, dam da. O vimg Bay Niii, An Giang, nong dan trong vii sira khong su dung thuoc bao ve thuc vat nen co the xem day la loai qua sach va dang co huong phat trien phuc vu cho du lich. Theo Nien giam Thong ke cua tinh An Giang (2016), dien tich cay an qua cita huyen Thoai Scm va Tri Ton lan lupt la 657 ha va 945 ha, trong do di^n tich trong vii sira dang co xu huong tang. Mac du la loai cay an qua mang lai ngu6n thu nhap cho nong dan, nhung vi la loai cay dac san, dien tich con nho, le nen chua dupe quan tam nghien ciiu h-ong thai gian qua, dac biet la cac nghien cuu c6 lien quan den dac di^m sinh hoc cua qua trinh ra hoa va dau qua. Vi vay, muc heu ciia nghifen ctru la nham khao
sat dac tinh ra hoa, dau qua va phat tnen qua ciia gidng vii sira tr^ng a huyen Thoai San va Tn Ton de lam Cff so cho cac nghien ciiu hep theo co lien quan den cac bien phap canh tac thich hop d^ cai thien nang suat, pham chat qua vii sira trdng a viing Bay Niii noi rieng va viing dong bang song Cuu Long noi chung.
2. PHUDNG T1BU VA PHUONG PHAP
Thi nghiem dupe thuc hien tir thang 8/2017 d^n thang 4/2018, tai huyen Thoai Son va huySn Tri Ton, tinh An Giang. Khao sat duoc thirc hien tcta 10 cay vu sira trang, trdng tai hai huy^n Thoai Son va Tri Ton, CO dp tuoi 20-50 nam, duoe nhan giong bing hat. Chieu cao cay dao dong trong khoang 9-10 m, dudng kinh tan 10-12 m, chu vi gdc than 1,5-1,9 m.
Chi tieu theo doi bao gom:
(1) Dac tinh ra hoa va dau qua. Thai gian ra hoa, thu hoach cua cay vii siia duoc ghi nhan bang each danh dau 10 chum hoa/cay tren 10 cay. Chiim hoa dupe chpn la chiim hoa viia moi nhii mam hoa de theo doi thai gian tro hoa, na hoa va ket thiic tro hoa.
Ngay bat dau tro hoa duoe ghi nhan khi 50% sd hoa tren chiim hoa duoc khao sat eo chieu dai cudng dat 1,2 cm (chiSu dai trung binh aia cudng hoa la 1,0-1,8 em). Ngay bat dau na hoa duoc ghi nhan khi co 10%
sd hoa tren ehiim hoa bat dau na (hoa eo canh hoa bung ra, thay ro nhi hoa). Ngay hoa ncr tap trung ' Khoa Ndng nghiep, Trudng Dai hoc Can Tha
- Sinh vien nganh Khoa hoc cay trdng. Tnrdng Dai hgc An Giang
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON-KY 1 -THANG 4/2019
dupe ghi nhan khi co han 80% so hoa tren chiim hoa da na. Ngay kdt thiic tro hoa dupe ghi nhan khi co tren 90% sd hoa tr&n chiim hoa da rung canh. Cac chi tieu khao sat dupe ghi nhan thuong xuyen 7 ngay/lan tir liic hinh thanh mam hoa cho den liic k^t thiic trd hoa. Su dau qua va rung qua non dugc ghi nhan 5 ngay/lan cho den khi thu hoach. Ty le rung qua non duoc xac dinh bang each dem sd qua rung tren tong sd qua dau. Ty le rung qua non duac xac dinh dua trfen so qua dau tren tdng so hoa luong tinh.
Qua trinh phat trien qua duoc khao sat bang each danh dau qua vira mdi dau, mdi cay danh dau 10 qua.
Qua duoe chpn co cimg ngay dau qua va phan bo deu xung quanh tan. Qua dupe theo doi dinh ky 14 ngay/lan. Cac ehi tieu theo ddi bao gdm kich thuoc, khdi luong eac thanh phan ciia qua bao gom vo, thjt va hat.
(2) Nang suat, pham chat va dac tinh qua. Tdng sd qua tren/cay va nang suat qua tren cay duoc tinh bang each dem va can tat ea cae qua tiiu dupe hen cay. Dac tinh qua dupe khao sat dua tren 8 qua thu tren mdi cay khao sat. Qua dupe thu mau nghi nhien, phan bo deu tren tan, o thdi diem 16 tuan sau khi dau qua. Cac chi heu lien quan den dac tinh qua dupe khao sat bao gdm: kich thuoc qua, dd day vo, ty le hat chac, ty le thit qua, do Brix, ham lupng tdng sd chat ran hoa tan, ham lupng nuoc va chat khd, ham lupng acid tdng sd, ham luong vitamm C dupe xac dinh theo phuong phap ciia Murin (1900, trich dan boi Nguyen Minh Chan etal., 2005).
3. KFT QUA NGHBU CUU VA THAO LUAN 3.L DEIC di^m ra hoa 3.1.1. Qua trinh ra hoa
Ket qua quan sat cho thay cay vii siia trSng bat dau tro hoa vao dau mua mua (thang 6 am lich) va den khoang giiia thang 7 am lich thi bat ddu xuat hien qua non tren cay, day cung la khoang thdi gian ra hoa cua gidng vii sira trdng. Thdi gian trung binh tir khi chiim hoa nhii mam eho den khi ket thiic trd hoa keo dai trung binh khoang 48,8 ngay (Bang 1).
So voi cac gidng vii sira khae trdng d viing Tay Nam bp, NguySn Minh Chau (2009) cho biet cac gidng vii sira trdng pho bien nhu Ld Ren, Nau Bach Thao, Vanh Banh Xe, vii sira Bo va cac gidng thupc nhdm Nau tim thudng ra hoa tap trung vao thang 3-4 duong lich, thdi gian ra hoa giiia cae gidng ehi chenh lech nhau 15-30 ngay. Nhu vay, gidng vii siia trdng h-dng tai huyen Thoai Son va Tri Ton cd thdi gian ra hoa (thang 7 duong lieh) \rk hon tir 3 den 4 thang so voi
cac gidng trong pho bien khac. Day cd the la ioi the cua gidng vii siia ti-dng vi tiidi diem thu hoach khdng tning vdi thdi diem thu hoach ro cua cac gidng khac nen gia ban tren thi truong cd the se cao. Theo Janick va Paull (2008), cay vu sOa ra hoa vao cudi miia he va dau miia thu. Thai gian hr khi dau qua ddn khi qua chin bien dpng ti-ong khoang 150-180 ngay (Martin etal, 1987; Verheij va Coronel, 1992). Phat hoa vii sira xuat hien d nach la, ed khoang 35 hoa/phat hoa (Verheij and Coronel, 1992). Hoa eua vii sua tuong ddi nhd, cd mau vang xanh, vang hoac trdng tim. Hoa cd 5-6 canh, 5 nhi hoa va 7-11 nudm nhuy.
Hoa cua vii siia la hoa ludng tinh, thu phan nhd"
cdn triing hoac tu tiiu phan. Su ra hoa thudng xay ra cimg liic vdi qua trinh phat trien dot tiong miia mua.
Ket qua d bang 1 cho thay thdi gian tir khi nhii mam hoa den khi 50% cudng hoa dat chieu dai 1,2 em, trung binh keo dai trong khoang 15,5-17,5 ngay. Sau khoang 1 tuan, chiim hoa bdt ddu nd. Cd khoang 57%
sd cay khao sat cd giai doan nd hoa tap trung keo dai tren 20 ngay, ddi vdi cae cay edn lai, giai doan nd hoa tap tnmg chi keo dai trong khoang 15 ngay. Sau khi ra hoa rd khoang 7 ngay, qua trinh ra hoa k^t thiic.
Ghi nhan tren tuong ty vdi khao sat trude dd cua Nguydn Manh Chinh va Nguyen Dang Nghia (2007) eho rang qua trinh ra hoa cita cay vii sua mat khoang 2 tuan cho viec trd, 3 tudn eho viec nd hoa, sau dd la qua trinh thu phan mat khoang 1 tudn trude khi hinh thanh qua.
Bang 1. Qud trinh ra hoa cua cay vii stia h-dng tir khi nhii mdm
Giai doan Thoi gian tir khi nhu mam - tro hoa
Thdi gian tir khi trd hoa - bat dau ndhoa
Thdi gian tir khi nd hoa - hoa no tap trung
Thdl gian tir khi hoa no tap trung - k^t thuc ra hoa
TdnK cdng
Tru ng binh ± SD (ngav)
16,5 +1,0 6,6 ± 0,9 18,7 + 1,0
7.0 ± 0,2 48Xi^3a 3.1.2. Qua trinh no hoa
Chum hoa vu sua bdt dau nab tuan thu 2 sau khi nhii (SKN) (Hmh 1). So hoa no nhi6u nhat xay ra o Uian thii 5 SKN (4,7 ± 0,4 hoa/phat hoa/tuin) va tuan 6 SKN (4,3 ± 0,4 hoa/phat hoa/tuan). Giai doan 5-6 ngay SKN duoc ghi nhan la giai doan no hoa tap trung tren cay vii sira.
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
T u a n l T U I Q 2 Tuan 3 Tuau4 Tuan 5 Tuan 6 Tuan 7 Tuan sau khi nhii
Hinh 1. Qud tiinh na hoa ti-€n cay vii siia trang tgi huy$n Thoai Son vd Tri Ton, tinh An Giang, 2018
3.2. Su dau qua va rung qua non
Thdl gian tir khi dau qua den khi thu hoach tien cae cay vii sua tidng keo dai trung binh tiong 126,3±1,7 ngay (khoang 18 tuan). Theo ghi nhan ciia Nguyen Van Ke (2014), sau khi dau qua vii sira can den khoang 4,5 thang d^ phat tnen. Sau khi cham dirt qua tiinh dau qua, s6 qua cdn lai tien mdt chiim hoa trung binh la 3,5 qua. Theo ket qua d bang 2, ti le dau qua tren vii sira trdng trung binh khoang 30%.
Giai doan rung qua non d vii sira chii y^u didn ra vao thdl diem 4 tudn dau sau khi dau qua. Theo ket qua d bang 2. ti le rung qua khoang 75,8% d giai doan 4 tudn dau va cac giai doan cdn lai ti le rung qua non rdt thap nhu 1,9% d giai doan 8 tuan sau dau qua. 6 giai doan 16 tuan SKDT, ti le rung qua chi 2,8%. Sang tuan thu 17, hidn tupng rung qua ket thuc, so qua edn lai trung binh khoang 1-1,5 qua.
Hinh 2. Mdm hoa vira nhii (trdi), cudng hoa dat 1,0 cm 6 thdi di^m 1 tuan sau khi nhii (phai) cua gi6ng vii siia ti-dng tai huySn Thosu Son va Tri Tdn, tinh An
Giang, 2018
Bang 2. Ti le ddu qud, thdi gian phdt tri^n, ti le rung qua non trSn vii sua trdng tai huySn Thoai Son vd Tri Tdn tinh An Giang, 2018
Gia tri Trung binh + SD
Ti le dau qua 30,0 + 6,0
Thoi gian tir khi dau quii den thu hoach
(ngay) 126,3 +1,7
Ti le rung qua (%) Tuan sau khi dau qua 4
75,8 ± 3,5 8 1,9 ± 1,1
12 7,9 ± 2,0
16 2,8 ±1,5 3.3. Su phdt tii^n qua
3.3.1. Kich thudc qua
Kich thudc qua vu sira tang truong nhanh d 8 tuan ddu tien ke tir khi dau qua (Hinh 3 va 4). Tir tudn thti 8 den tuan thu 14, kich thude qua tang tnrong cham, d 4 tudn cuoi cua qua trinh phat trien qua, kich thudc qua vii sira gan nhu khdng thay doi.
Kich thudc ciia qua vu sira d tuan thu 2 SKDT la 1,6 x 1,9 cm (dai x rdng). Sang hidn tiiu 8 SKDT, kich thude trung binh eua qua vu sira Id 6,0 x 6,3 cm, den thdi diem thu hoach kich thude trung binh qua vii sua dat 6,5 x 7,0 cm. Theo ghi nhan eua Nguydn Manh Chinh va Nguyen Dang Nghia (2007) kich thude qua vii sira ehi tang khi qua edn non, 2 thang ti-udc khi thu hoach qua vu sua chi tang tiirdng ve mat khoi luang, Nguyen Van K^ (2014) eho rdng kich thude ciia qua vii sira khi chuan bi thu hoach dudng kinh thudng la 5-10 em. Theo Janick va Paull (2008), qua vu sira ed dang hinh eau, det hoac hinh ellip. Dudng kinh qua 5-10 cm. Vd qua tron bdng, ed mau sdc tiiay doi tii xanh nhat dd tim dam. Thit qua
ed mdu sdc thay ddi tir trdng den tim. Ty le phdn an dupe cua qua d muc 53-63% (Verheij and Coronel, 1992). Ket qua khdo sdt cho thdy, tai thdi diem thu hoach qua vu sira tidng cd kich thudc trung binh la 6,5 X 7,0 cm, cd dang hinh cdu. Theo Nguydn Van Ke (2014), qua vii sira thirdng ed hinh clip hoac hinh qua le, cd the tiiy thudc vao giong vii sira ma qua cd hinh dang khdc nhau.
Tu§a2 1 6 3 10 12 14 16 IS
Hinh 3. Su phdt tri^n kich thudc trung binh cOia qua vu siia trdng tai huySn Thoai Scm vd Tri Tdn,
tinh An Giang, 2018
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2019 11
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4tiiiii fitiii gtgin lotnin utak Mtiis 16lun
Hinh 4. Qud trinh phat tri^n qud vu stia trdng, tir khi ddu qua 6.6n khi thu hoach tgi huy^n Thoai Son vd
Tri Tdn, tinh An Giang, 2018
Bang 3. DSc dilm hat vii siia trdng qua cac giai dogn
^ Giang, 3.3.2. Sir phat tnen cua hat
So hat cua qua vu sQa trdng tai thdi didm hoach dao dpng ti-ong khoang 4,9 - 10,1 hat/qua, trong dd so hat chdc trung binh khodng 6.3- , hat/qua. chiem khodng 93,9% tong sd hat/qua. Theo nghien cuu cua Orwa et al. (2009) thi qua vii sua thudng cd 10 hat hoac it hon, cd qua khdng cd hat, thong tiiudng sd hat hung binh ti-ong mdi qua la 3 h a t Hat cua qua vii siia ti^ng xuat hien vdo khoai^
hidn thu 9-10 (Bang 3) ke tir khi dau qua Ban dau, hat vu siia mdu trdng kem, day khoang 1-2 mm (Hinh 5), tuong doi mem, den liic gan thu hoach hat vii siia chuyen sang mau den, day khodng 5-6 mm, hat ciing.
Theo Janick va Paull (2007) hat ciia vii siia cd kich thuoc nhd, hinh tning ngupe va cd mau den.
phdt tri^n, tai h u y ^ Thoai Son va Tri Tdn, tinh An 2018
Tuan sau khi dau
qua Dac diem hat
Hat nhd mau trdng kem
Tren dinh hat bdt ddu ehuyen mdu den, xuat hien phan thit mau trdng d phdn bung hat Hat bdt dau chuyen sang mau den mdt phdn, phan thit d bung phat trien
Hat cd mau den hoan i^ hin, ]J1 'dn thit d bung teo nhd 16
Hat mau den, khi hoc hat m ^Cra phdn thtt d bung hat se dinh vol citi vii sua
Hinh 5. Hinh dang vd mau sac hat vu sua trdng qua cdc giai doan phat tridn, tai huyen Thoai Son va
Tri Tdn, tinh An Giang, 2018 3.3.3. Su tang truong khdi luong va cac thanh phan cua qua
Ket qua d hinh 6 cho thay khoi lupng qua va eae thdnh phdn eua qua vu stia ti-ang tang hudng ddu tir tudn thu tu eho den khi thu hoach. Tdc do tang trudng khoi lupng qud trung binh moi tudn la 2.7 g.
Khdi luong qua vu sira d 4 tiidn dau tien ke tir khi dau qua tang khdng dang ke chi khoang 3,7 g/tuan. 6 cac tudn tiep tiieo, toe dp tang khdi luong qud cung tang ddn (Hinh 5b). Toe dp tang khoi lupng qua dat cao nhat d giai doan gan thu hoach (tiidn 16-18), dat 53,4 g/hidn, khoi lupng qua tiung binh d giai doan nay dat 213,4 ± 7,2 g. Su hinh thdnh hat eua qua vii sira bdt ddu tir tiian thu 8 sau khi dau qua, khoi lupng
hat dat trung binh dat 1,2 ± 0,1 g. CT cdc tudn tiep theo, khdi lupng hat tang d muc 1,0-1,5 g/tuan. Khoi luong qua cua giong vii sira trdng b-ong tai huyen Thoai Son va Tri Ton tuong duong vdi mdt so giong vii siia khdc tiong pho bien d dong bdng sdng Cuu Long nhu Ld Ren (150-360 g/qua), Vdnh Bdnh Xe (250-400 g/qua), nhdm giong vu stia Nau Tim vd vii siia Nau (180-250 g/qua) (Nguyin Minh Chau, 2009).
Hinh 6. Su tang tnrong kh6ilu(?ng ciia qu^P^ ^ vd hat vii siia ti:dng tai tai huy^n Thoai Son vaTri
Ton, tinh An Giang, 2018. KL-Khdi Jaojjg
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2Q,^
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
3.3.4. Nangsu^t
So qua vu siia tiang trung binh trdn mot cay dao ddng khoang 791 ± 35 qua/cay, nang suat dat trung binh khoang 168,9 ± 17,9 kg/cay. Nang sudt tren cay vii siia dupe Nguyin Manh Chinh va Nguyin Dang Nghia (2007) ghi nhan khoang 200-220 kg/cay, d mot sd cay tot khoang 10-15 nam tuoi nang suat cd the Idn den 250 kg/cay. Mdt so gidng vu sira trdng trong dieu kien thdm canh d dong bdng sdng Ciru Long cd nang suat cao hon so vdi gidng vu siia trdng nhu Ld Ren (khoang 2.249 - 2.447 qua/cay/nam ddi vdi cay 25 nam tudi), Nau Bach Thao (300-350 kg/cay/nam ddi vdi cay 20 nam tuoi), Vdnh Bdnh Xe (350-400 kg/cay/nSm ddi vdi cay 20 nam tuoi), vii sua Ba (350-400 kg/cay nam doi vdi cay 20 nam tuoi) (Nguyen Minh Chau, 2009).
Chi sd TA ti-ung binh khodng 10,1 g/mL, dp Brix tiung binh 13,5 ± 0,4% (Bang 4). Ham lupng chat khd chiem khoang 15,8% khdi lupng ea qud, ham lupng vitamin C rat cao, dat den 16,0 mg trong 100 g thit qua. Kdt qua phan tich tren tuong tu vdi ghi nhan cua Morton (1987) tren vu sira vdi ham luong chat khd dat 15-17% khdi lupng qud, ham lupng vitamin C khodng 15,2 mg ti-en 100 g thit qua. Nhin chung, pham chat qua vu sira trdng d mue tuong duong vdi nhdm gidng vii siia Nau Tim vd vii sua Nau (ty le thit qua tiiap 3545%, thit mem, "Brix 11-12% va khdng beo) va tuong ddi it ngpt hon so vdi mdt sd gidng khde nhu Nau Bdeh Thao (thit hoi mdm, "Brix 14- 15%), Vanh Banh Xe ("Bnx 15-17%, it beo, ty le thit tir 40-4%) vd vii sira Ba ("Brix 15-17%, it beo, ty le thit 40- 45%) (Nguydn Minh Chau, 2009).
3.3.5. Phdm chat qua vu sQa
Bang 4. Phdm chdt qud vti sira ti-dng tai huyen Thoai Som vd Tri Tdn, tinh An Giang, 2018 Gid tri Hdm lupng axit
tdng-TA (g/mL) "Brix( Ham lupng chat khd (%)
Ham lupng vitamin C (mg/lQO g) Trung binh + SD 10,1 +1,1 13,5 ± 0,4 15,8 ± 0,45 16,0 + 0,89 4.KETLUANVAKiaiNGHI
4.1. K^t ludn
Cay vii siia tidng a huyen Thoai Son va Tri Tdn, tinh An Giang bdt ddu trd hoa vao dau miia mua (thdng 6 am lich). Qud trinh k^ tir khi nhii mam hoa den khi ket thiic ra hoa keo ddi 48,8 ± 3,1 ngay. Thdi gian tir khi dau qua ddn khi thu hoach keo ddi trong 126,3 + 1,7 ngay. Kich thudc qud vii siia tang trudng nhanh d 8 tudn ddu tien ke tir khi dau qua. Tir tudn thu 8 den tudn thu 14, kich thude qud tang trudng cham, d 4 tuan cudi ciia qud trinh phdt trien qud kich thudc qua vii siia gdn nhu khdng thay ddi. Khoi lupng qua vd cdc thdnh phdn ciia qua vu sira trdng tang trudng tir tudn thu tu den khi thu hoach. Tdc dp tang tnrdng khdi lupng qud trung binh moi tudn la 2,7 g, tdc dp t^ng khdi lupng qua dat cao nhdt d giai doan gdn tiiu hoach (tudn 16-18), dat 53,4 g/tudn.
Khdi lupng qua trung binh cua mot qua vii sua trdng d thdi diem thu hoach la 213,4 ± 7,2 g, nang suat dat 168,9 + 17,9 kg/cay. Qua vii siia tidng cd ham lupng vitamin C d muc 16,0 ± 0,89 mg ti-en 100 g thit qud, ham lupng chat khd chiem 15,83% ± 0,45 khdi lupng qud, dp Brix trung binh khoang 13,5%.
4.2. Kdn nghi
Can thue hidn cdc nghidn cuu lien quan den phan bdn vd cae ky thuat canh tdc de nang cao pham
chat va khdi phuc lai chat lupng cua vii sira trdng, mdt loai dac san cua vimg Bay Niii, tinh An Giang.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAQ
1. Janick, J. and R. E. Paull, 2008. The encyclopedia of fruit and nuts. CABI. 160 p.
2. Martin, F. W., C. W. Campbell and R. M.
Ruberte, 1987. Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics.
B. An Inventory. Agnculture Handbook No. 642. US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service (ARS), US Government Printing Office, Washmgton, DC, pp. 59-60.
3. Morton, J. F. 1987. Fruits in warm climate.
Truy cap tai:
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FLOWERING AND FRUIT DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE •WHITE' STAR APPLE FRUIT (.ChiysophyOum cainito) CULTIVAR GROWN IN AN GIANG PROVINCE
Tran Sy Hieu, Pham Tlianh Ton, Thinh Van An, Tran Van Hau Summaiy
This study was aimed to determine the charactenstics relating to die process of flowering and fruit development of the 'White' star apple cultivar grown inThoaiSoQand Tri Ton district. An Giang province.
Experiments, from august 2017 to apnl 2018, were rniplemeuted on 10 trees at tbe age from 20 to SO-year- old, grown from seed. The observed parameters included; flowering and harvesting time, iniit set, young fmit abscission, and fmit development Moreover, yield and fnut qualit\' were also determined. The results showed that 'White' star apple started to Qower from tbe commence of the rainy season (June as in lunar calendar). The period from flower bud emergence to blooming prolonged wtthin 48.8 + 3.1 days. TTie duration from Ihut setting to harvesting was 126.3 ± 1.7 days. Fruit size increased rapidly in the first 8 weeks of the filiit development process. In the last 4 weeks prior to harvesting, fruit size and weight remained unchanged. The average growth rate of fruit weight per week was 2.7 g. The average weight of fmit at harvesting time is 213.4 ± 7.2 g, with an average yield of 168.9 ± 17.9 kg/tree. Vitamin C content in fmit was 16.0 ± 0.89 mg per 100 g of fmit flesh. The diy matter of fmit was 15.896 ± 0.45 of fruit weight The average "Brix of fruit flesh was 13.5%.
Keyword: Star apple, Chrysopbyllum cainito, Howenng, Huit development Nguoi phan biSn: PGS.TS. Nguyto Minh Chta
Ngay nhjn bai: 22/01/2019 Ngay thong qua phan bito: 22/02/2019 Ngay duyjt dang: 01/03/2019
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG
