Chuyen hDa nang luong n mdn

i HUAN LUYfiV THi THAD

Chuyen hDa nang luong n mdn

^ BS. Ngo Du'c Nhuan; Th.S. Nguyin Thy Ngoc

TdMrtT:

Oac tinh chuyen ii@a nang iirpg trong van dong da d i r p nghien cuu ir mot so men the thao. Treng bai viet nay, chiing toi xin de cap tai van de chyyen hoa nang lifong trong qua trinh t h p hien hai tap trong dieu kien gan nhu^ thi dau cua van dong vien tVOV] Taekwondo tre va

the tich hap thu oxy toi da ciia vev khi thirc hien nghiem phap chay g^ng strc trong phong thi nghiem.

1. DAT V A N DE

Nhieu nhd khoa hpc dd nghien cuu ve qud trinh trao ddi chdt vd chuyen hod ndng lupng trong hudn luyen t h i thao (TS.

Nguyen Ngpc Cir; GS.TS.

Duong Nghiep Chi, 2002, v.v..). Dya vdo co sd ly ludn chung, ehiing tdi tien hdnh nghien ciru qud trinh trao ddi chdt vd ehuyin hod ndng lupng d mdn Taekwondo, ddn chirng ddi vdi VDV tre lira tudi 15.

Trong hogt dpng thi ddu, VDV Taekwondo thi ddu mdi trdn 3 hiep, mdi hiep 2 phiit, ddi hdi ndng lupng cung edp eho VDV khdng chi de tdng sire ben ua khf, md edn phdi tdng cudng sire ben y i m khi, ddm bdo ndng lupng eho ede ddn tdn eong, phdn cdng vd phdng thii nhanh, vdl dp ehfnh xdc coo, lye tdn cdng mgnh de dupe tinh diem.

I f T ^ KHOA HOC THE THAO 5 - 2007

Nhu vdy, qud trinh ehuyin hod ndng lupng trong thi ddu d VDV Taekwondo edn dgt dupc nhirng mye dich vdn ddng phirc tap ciio mdn thi ddu ddi khdng trye tilp.

2. P H U d N G PHAP N G H I E N CLfu

Trong qud trinh nghien ciru, chiing tdi su dyng phuang phdp kiem tra y hpe (nghiem phdp chgy gdng sire tdi da tren thdm chgy Treadmill); phuang phdp kilm tra su phgm (VDV thye hien bdi tdp di chuyen, tdn cdng trong khodng 90 gidy); phuang phdp do ludng chire ndng tim mgeh, hd hdp, ehuyin hod ndng lupng bdng he thdng thiet bj Cosmed - K4b.

3. KET Q U A CL/U

N G H I E N

3.1. Trong eo t h i , ngudn

eung edp ndng lupng tir cdc phdn irng ua khf (ed oxy) ddng vai trd chfnh trong viec cung cap ndng lupng, tire Id du trir ndng lupng. The tfeh hdp thu oxy tdi da (VO2 max) chfnh Id chi sd ddc trung cho cdng sudt cuo qud trinh cung edp ndng lupng uc khf. De tim hieu tiem ndng ndng lupng ua khf, ehung tdi dd tien hdnh do ludng cdc ehi sd ddnh gid chue ndng van chuyen oxy ciia he hd hdp, tim mgeh vd muc tieu thy oxy tdi do (VQ2 max) cua cdc nir VDV Taekwondo luc tudi 15, bdng nghiem phdp chgy gdng sire trong phdng thi nghiem (vdi sd mdu n = 15 VDV), k i t qud cho thdy:

V02max tuyet ddi Id 2378 ± 249 ml/phiit; VO2 max tuang ddi Id 41.7 ± 2.2 m l / p h i i t / k g ; the tich khi luu thdng VT Id 1.78 ± 0.1 21; thdng

K

HUAN

LUYtlM THi THAD

khi phut VE Id 106 ± 7 . 1 I/phut;

tdn sd tim HR Id 184.8 ± 6.4 Idn/phiit.

Theo bdng phdn logi eiia t h i gidi, VDV nir dudi 18 tudi thupe nhdm mdn t h i thao thi ddu ddi khdng ed V02max tuang ddi tir 41 - 45ml/phut/kg. Nhu vdy, so sdnh mdt edch tuang ddi, nu VDV Taekwondo lira tudi 15 ciio chiing to ed t h i tfeh hdp thy oxy tdi da tinh theo t h i trpng, xIp logi trung binh so vdi tieu chudn thi gidi.

3.2. Sy chuyen hod ndng lupng ua khi vd yIm khi phdn dnh ddc tinh ehuyin hod ndng lupng cuo VDV Taekwondo eOng Id vdn de cdn dupe Idm sdng td. Chinh vi vdy, ehiing tdi tiep tyc cho 15 VDV nu Taekwondo thye hien bdi tdp di chuyen tdn cdng lien tyc trong thdi gian 90 gidy, chilm 2/3 thdi gian thi ddu eiia mdi hiep (ddy Id bdi tdp trong d i l u kien gdn nhu thi ddu). Do eudng dp vdn ddng rdt Idn, nen chi 2 / 3 sd VDV thue hien duoc bdi tdp theo dung thdi gian quy dinh. Thdi gian thye hien bdi tdp eiia cdc VDV trung binh tir 69 ± 16 gidy.

Chiing ta cung nhau xem xet sy biln ddi sinh ly ciio nhirng VDV thye hien bdi tdp dii 90 gidy trong bdng dudi ddy (sy

biln ddi sinh ly eiia cdc VDV tuong ty nhau, vi vgy ehung tdi ehl neu sd lieu eiia 1 VDV tieu bilu).

Trong dd: Tex Id thdi gian thye hien Test theo tirng giai dogn (5 gidy); VE: thdng khi phut, tinh theo don vi lit/phiit (l/ph); VO2: the tich oxy tieu thy tuyet ddi, tinh theo dan vj ml/ph; VCQ2: thi thich khi car- bonic thd ra, tinh theo don vj m l / p h ; R: thuang hd hdp (R = v g | ) ; HR: tdn so tim, don vj tinh Idn/phut (l/ph).

Cdn luu y thuang sd hd hdp R phdn dnh ty trong ehuyin hod ndng lupng yIm khi vd ndng lupng ua khi eiia VDV trong qud trinh vdn ddng Id ehii yeu. Neu R > 1 tire Id ndng lupng cung edp eho VDV hogt dpng dupc tdng cudng tir ngudn ndng lupng yIm khi. Cdc chf sd sinh ly khde trong bdng tren chi cd y nghTa tham khdo.

BAN LUAN

• Phase trude van dpng (tir 1 phiit 45 gidy den 2 phut 45 gidy), ehl sd R < 1, chirng td ndng lupng eung edp eho VDV ehii y l u nhd ngudn ndng lupng uo khf.

• Phase 3 phi/t 15 (sou vdn ddng 30 gidy), ehf sd R > 1 (R = 1.13), eho thdy ndng lupng dung eho VDV hogt dpng tir 30 gidy trd di duoc tdng cudng tir ngudn ndng lupng yem khi.

ABSTRACT:

The authors comment about the energy consumptions when the young Taekwondo athletes are training with the para- competitive intension and the

VO2 max on the streadmile.

• O thdi dilm sou vdn ddng 30 gidy: VCO2 = 1995ml/ph;

VQ2 = 1763 ml/ph, tue Id d thdi dilm sou vdn dpng 30 gidy, ngudn ndng lupng yIm khi chilm 53% tdng ngudn ndng lupng sdn sinh de VDV hogt dpng.

• Phase 3 phiit 45 (sou vdn ddng 60 gidy): ehi sd R = 1.41, ngudn ndng lupng yIm khi chiem 59%, ngudn ndng lupng ua khi chiem 4 1 % tdng ngudn ndng lupng cung edp cho vdn dpng.

• VDV thye hien bdi tdp vdi ngudn ndng lupng hdn hpp ua khf vd yIm khf, trong dd ngudn ndng lupng yIm khf Id ehfnh, sudt 60 gidy eudi eiia bdi tdp.

4. KET LUAN

1. Chi sd VO2 max phdn dnh ehu y l u ve tiem ndng ndng lupng ciio VDV Taekwondo nir, tudi 15 Id 2 3 7 8 ± 2 4 9 m l / p h .

2. Dgc tinh trong hogt dpng thi ddu cua VDV Taekwondo nu tudi 1 5 d ehd, ndng lupng eung edp nhd ngudn hdn hap ua khi vd yIm khi. Trong dd, ngudn ndng luong yem khi Id ehinh. Sou 30 gidy hogt ddng thi ddu trd di, ngudn ndng lupng yem khi chiem ty trpng 53% trd len. D

KHOA HOC THE THAO 5 - 2007

i HUAN LUYfiM THi THAD

Su bien ddi cdc thong sd sinh ly eua VDV Linh trong qud trinh thuc hien bdi tgp di chuyen tdn eong lien tuc trong 90 giay

Trirdc van dpng

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Hoi phuc

1:45 1:50 1:55 2:00 2:05 2:10 2:15 2:20 2:25 2:30 2:35 2:40 2:45 2:50 2:55 3:00 3:05 3:10 3:15 3:20 3:25 3:30 3:35 3:40 3:45 3:50 3:55 4:00 4:05 4:10 4:15 4:20 4:25 4:30 4:35 4:40 4:45 4:50 4:55 5:00 5:05 5:10 5:15

14.5 17.1 13.4 18.4 14.6 17.0 12.6 9.8 20.3 16.9 16.4 18.0 22.9 38.9 40.0 50.8 62.9 71.8 85.6 85.0 93.5 94.8 93.9 92.9 90.9 92.4 91.3 91.2 91.6 99.1 76.3 76.0 76.6 81.5 75.9 74,1 71.7 75.1 75.2 68.4 65.7 64.2 65.2

178 225 82 382 244 425 343 238 601 514 431 378 302 912 1110 1533 1914 1670 1763 1895 1979 1915 1926 2018 2065 2069 2065 1904 1873 2019 1859 1963 1881 1919 1823 1778 1692 1575 1500 1299 1270 1130 1126

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184 225 148 321 182 324 246 131 395 327 294 254 216 692 748 1081 1637 1688 1995 2120 2453 2529 2497 2645 2914 2714 2788 2710 2434 2784 2463 2528 2577 2658 2486 2412 2269 2363 2225 2025 2005 1873 1870

1.03 1.00 1.81 0.83 0.74 0.76 0.71 0.55 0.65 0.63 0.68 0.67 0.71 0.75 0.67 0.70 0.85 1.01 1.13 1.11 1.23 1.32 1.29 1.31 1.41 1.31 1.35 1.42 1.29 1.37 1.32 1.28 1.36 1.38 1.16 1.35 1.34 1.5 1.48 1.55 1.57 1.65 1.66

136 137 141 146 183 143 142 137 134 135 133 136 143 160 171 180 180 183 186 187 188 189 189 190 191 189 189 189 189 189 189 188 186 184 183 181 179 178 176 174 169 169 169

KHOA HOC THE THAO 5 - 2007