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THI/C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP QUAN LY NHA N(/dC VE CHUYEN GIAO CONG NGHE d VIET NAM
N G U Y I N Hii'u HlTNG
Chuyen giao cong nghe dang trd thdnh nhu cdu cdp thiet cua nen kinh te trong bdi cdnh hgi nhgp kinh tiqudc tevd Cdch mgng cong nghiep 4.0. Hogt dgng chuyen giao cong nghi trong thdi gian qua CO nhieu ddng gop doi vdi phdt trien kinh ti- xd hpi Viet Nam nhting cung ddtra nhiiu thdch thtic ddi vdi cdng tde guan ly nhd nddc ve chuyen giao cong nghi. Bdi viit di cap den cdng tde qudn ly nhd ntidc, cdng nhti thtic tien chuyen giao cdng nghi trong thdi gian qua, dexudt mpt sd gidi phdp ndng cao hiiu qud cdng tde ndy trong thdi gian tdi.
rukhda: Chuyen gm cdng nghe, qudn lynhd niidc, qudn lynhd nddc ve chuyen giao cdng nghe
STATE MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGYTRANSFER IN VIETNAM: CURRENT SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS Nguyen Huu Hung
Technology transfer is becoming an urgent need of the economy in the context of integration and Industry 4.0 Technology transfer activities in recent years have contributed to the socio- I economic development of Vietnam, but also
pose many challenges for the state management of technology transfer. The article mentions the state management, technology transfer practice in recent years, since then, proposed some solutions to improve the efficiency of this activity in the coming time.
Keywords: Technology transfer, state management, state management of iechnology transfer
Ngay nhpn bdi: 27/4/2020 Ngay hoan thiin bien tap: 7/5/2020 Ngay duyet dang: 13/5/2020
QuSn ly nha nudc ve chuyen giao cong nghe d Viet Nam
Luat Chuyen giao eong nghe (CGCN) ra dbi n a m 2017 d a h o a n thien eo b a n eac eo ehe, chinh sach n h a m k h u y e n khich, thue day CGCN 6 Viet N a m . Tiep theo db, Chinh phii, Bp Khoa hoe va Cbng nghg (KH&CN) da xay d u n g va ban hanh nhieu nghi dinh, t h o n g t u d e h u b n g dan, cu the hba doi vbi viee khuyen
khich, thuc d a y hogt d b n g CGCN, cu the: N g h i dinh s b 38/2018/ND-CP n g a y 11/3/2018 q u y d i n h ve d a u t u eho d o a n h n g h i e p n h b va vira (DNNVV) k h a i nghiep sang tgo; N g h i d i n h s b 39/2018/ND-CP quy dinh chi tiet m b t so dieu ciia Luat H b tip D N N W ; Thbng t u so 02/2018/TT-8KHCN n g a y 15/5/2018 cua Bg KH&CN q u y d i n h ehe d p bao cao t h y c hien h g p d b n g CGCN thubc D a n h m u c cbng n g h e h a n che ehuyen giao...
Ket qua cong tae q u a n ly n h a n u b e ( Q L N N ) ve CGCN the hien q u a m g t s b h o g t d b n g k h u y e n khich, thiie day C G C N cb the ke d e n n h u : G b p p h a n h o trg p h a p ly, b a o vg q u y e n Igi va tai s a n tri tu?
eho cac DN Vigt N a m , d b n g thbi giiip cac D N giam thieu d u o c riii ro khi t h a m gia hoat d b n g giao dich, m u a b a n cbng n g h e , c h u y e n n h u g n g e o n g n g h e ; Gop p h a n lam tang s b l u g n g san p h a m cbng nghg d u g c d a n g ky q u y e n sb hiru tri tue va tgo d g n g l u c gia tang gia tri giao dich m u a b a n tai s a n tri tug (giai p h a p , q u y trinh, bi q u y e t cong n g h e ) ; G b p p h a n h i n h t h a n h va p h a t trien m a n g lubi to ehiic trung gian ciia thi t r u b n g K H & C N tai k h a p cac dia p h u a n g tren ca n u o c ; G b p p h a n lam tang gia tri giao dich CGCN tren thi t r u b n g thbng q u a eac s u kien n h u ket nbi c u n g eau eong n g h e , C h o eong n g h ? va thiet hi va eac san giao dich eong n g h e , t r u n g tam i m g d u n g e h u y e n giao tien b g K H & C N ; G b p p h a n h u y d g n g d u g e cac n g u b n d a u tu, m b r g n g va p h a t tiien d u an, tao Ipi ieh lau dai t h o n g q u a mgt sb d u an t h u o n g m a i h b a cbng n g h e va tai s a n tri tue cua cac n h a khoa hge; G b p p h a n p h a t trien thi tiubng K H & C N b i n g each l i n g d u n g eong n g h e t h b n g tin tiong viec ket noi m u a b a n cong nghe d e
Say m g n n qua r n n n tntfong i] TAI CHlNH -Thdng5/2020..
day mgnh qua trinh t h u o n g m a i h b a san p h a m cong nghe, thiet bi, ket q u a n g h i e n e u u ra thi t r u o n g tren San giao dich cbng nghe...
Nhiirng khd khan, bat cap
Thuc te cho thay, hoat d g n g CGCN nbi chung va cong tae QLNN ve CGCN nbi rieng cbn nhieu kho khan, bat cap nhu:
Thie nMt, ve hoat dgng Sdu tu lien quan den CGCN.
Thbi gian qua, viee d a u t u eho KH&CN nbi chung, hoat dgng CGCN nbi rieng con nhieu ton tai, bat cap:
(i) Nguon vbn dau t u thap, ty le von d a u t u tham chi cbn sgt giam, di ngugc xu h u b n g phat trien KH&CN dia the gioi; (ii) Chua xae dinh d u p c trgng tam va miii nhgn trong KH&CN nbi ehung, CGCN noi rieng de tap trung von dau t u doi vbi khu vitc kinh te n h a nube; (ui) Hieu qua va ty le giai n g a n von FDI cbn thap, cbng nghg dugc chuyen giao qua d a u tu' FDI chu yeii la cbng nghg Igc hau. Nguon v b n dau t u cho KH&CN nbi ehung va cae nganh, linh vue doi hbi h a m luong cbng nghg eao cbn thap.
Thu hai, v'e nhan thirc dai vai CGCN
Nhan thiic a i a cgng d o n g D N nbi rieng va cbng chung nbi chung cbn nhieu h a n che: (i) DN Viet N a m chua cb y thiic d i n g n h u it q u a n tam den vigc dbi mbi, nang cap cong nghg; (ii) Kien thiic va hieii biet doi vbi KH&CN, eong nghg cao, CGCN cbn thap, chua cb su chii dgng tham gia vao eac chuong trinh, hoat d p n g ve KH&CN, CGCN... N a m 2018, Bg KH&CN da tien hanh dieu tia nhan thiic cbng chiing ve KH&CN, dbi tugng khao sat la 3600 ngubi trong mgi liia tuoi (tir 15 de'n tien 60), b cae trinh dp dao tgo, nghe nghiep, khu vvc lam vigc khac nhau. D a n h gia ve mii'c dg q u a n tam aia eong chiing dbi vbi KH&CN, so lugng rat it n g u b i dan "rat quan tam" d e n cac iinh vue va van de ciia KH&CN. Vi du, dbi voi vail d e "Thi tiu'ong KH&CN"
- noi thubng xuyen dign ra cac hoat dgng CGCN, ehi CO 4% "rat quan tam", tiong khi do, eb tbi 55% "khbng quan tam". Hay van d e " U n g d u n g eong nghe cao tiong san xuat (cbng nghe n a n o tiong bao quan, eong nghe sinh hpc,,.)" eung ehi eb 9% "rat q u a n tam", 44%
"quan tam" va 47% "khbng quan t a m " , . . Thu' ba, v'e ngu'dn nhan luc phuc vu hoat dong CGCN.
Nguon nhan luc phuc vu tiong linh vuc KH&CN noi chung va CGCN nbi rieng cbn ton tai mbt so h a n che* sau: (i) Nguon n h a n luc chat l u g n g eao p h a n bo khong dbng deu, tap trung chu yeii doi vbi thanh p h a n kmh te nha nube; (ii) Thieii n g u o n n h a n lue phuc vu tgi cae to ehiic dieh vu KH&CN, n a i tap trung cae hoat dgng ve CGCN; (iii) Khong tao d u p e s u h a p dSn va
thu hiit ngubn n h a n luc chat lugng cao lam vige tiong linh vuc KH&CN. N h u vay, co the nlian thay, linh v u e KH&CN nbi chung, tiong db co CGCN ehua dii h a p dan de thu hiit d u g c ngubn nhan Iuc chat l u g n g cao den lam viec. Trong bbi canh CMCN4.0 dang thiic day KH&CN phat trien m a n h me hien nay, viec thieu n g u b n n h a n luc chat lugng cao phge vu nghien eiiu va phat trien se anh h u o n g Ion dbi vbi hoat dgng KH&CN nbi chung, CGCN noi n e n g
Thu tu, ve hoat dgng khuyen khich, thiic day CGCN thong qua cdc to chiec trung gian.
Thi trubng KHCN b Viet Nam chua thue su phat trien de giiip eae D N co the tim kiem va mua eae cbng nghe, bi quyet ma hp can. Sit lien ket giiia DN (ben cau tiong thi trubng KHCN) vbi eae vign trubng, eae nha
Nam 2018, Bd Khoa hoc va Cong ngh@ da tiSn hanh dieu tra nhan thtTc cdng chting ve khoa hoc va cong nghe, doi tuong kh^o s^t la 3600 ngifdi trong moi lu^ tuoi (tiir 15 den tren 60), d cac trinh do dao tao, nghe nghi&p, khu vUc iam viec khac nhau. Danh gta ve mu'c do quan tam cDa cdng chung doi vdi khoa hoc va cong nghe, so lUtfng rat It nguTo^ dan "rat quan tam" den cac linh vUc va van de cCia khoa hoc va cdng nghe.
khoa hgc (bgn cung) van ebn han che; Van con it D N thu hut dau t u CGCN, h g p tac vbi ben ngoai de nghien ciiu db'i mbi cbng nghg; D N N W gap nhieu khb k h a n tiong CGCN.
Giai phap tang cUdng quan ly nha nUdc ve chuyen giao cong nghe d Viet Nam
N h a m khbng n g i m g dbi mbi tu' d u y va p h u o n g thiic quan ly nha nube ve CGCN phii hpp vbi bbi canh moi de bao dam hieu qua kiem soat cbng nghg di dbi vbi giam thie'u thii tuc hanh chinh doi vdi DN, Nha n u b e can tap trung vao eac giai p h a p sau:
Mot la, tang cubng vai tio ciia Nha nube tiong phat tiien thi tiii'bng KH&CN
Ngoai vai trb hoach dinh chinh sach va dmh ra san choi, luat choi eho cac doi tac dau tu' thanh lap DN va tham gia thi tru'bng cbng nghg, Chinh phii con cb vai tib la "huan luygn vien" doi vbi cac nha khoa hoc de h u b n g dan ho tham gia tiiuong mgi hba san pham.
Dbng thbi, Chinh phii d a n dk va khuyen khich cae DN tiep can, khai thac iing d u n g va dau tu' cai tien cbng nghe trong san xuat kinh doanh. Nbi each khae, Chinh p h u can thgc hien 3 nhiem vu sau: (i) Khuyen khich, giup da nha khoa hpc tib thanh cac doanh nhan eong
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nghe; (ii) H u b n g dan, h b tig D N thuan tiiy tib thanh DN cbng nghe, (iii) Thu hiit, thue day cac nha khoa hpc, nha dau tu, doanh nhan, D N va cac to chiic t u vaii, dieh vg tham gia thi truang cong nghe.
Nha n u o c khbi xubng, d a n dat va thiie day nha khoa hgc, nha dau tu, D N vao san choi chung binh d a n g ciia thi t r u a n g cbng nghg. N h a n u b e c'an d a u t u xay d u n g co sb ha tang cho cac san giao dich eong nghe cap quoc gia, dao tao Iuc lugng chuyen gia eho cac to chiic trung gian vbi d l y dii cac dich vu p h a p t u van p h a p ly, quan ly tai san tri tug, CGCN, qua do tgo dupc dpng luc tiong hogt dong nghien ciiu sang tgo.
Nha nuoc eb vai trb quan tipng trong viec kien tao va thiie day hoat dpng eiia eac tae nhan trung gian cb chiic nang quang ba, moi gibi, t u van va gan ket quan he giiia doi tae tiong cac hoat dpng dau tu, m u a ban, ehuyen giao, iing d u n g va phat trieh cbng nghe...
Vbi su hb tio ciia Nha nuoc, neu DN khbi nghiep thanh cbng, Nha nube eb the thu ve n g u b n ihue thu rihgp DN, thue ehuyen n h u p n g von tir cae DN, cac nha dau t u cho D N khbi nghiep cbng nghe. DN khbi nghigp cbng nghe, nhiing to chiic ho ttg khbi nghigp va nhiing nha dau t u mao hiem cho khbi nglnep cbng nghg se cb them dgng lue de phat trien he sinh thai khcri nghiep.
Dae bigt, u u dai ve thue se thu hiit nhiing to ehiic, ea nhan tiong nuoc va nube ngoai eb tiem luc tai chinh bdt dau quan tam dau tu nhieu hon eho khbi nghigp cong nghe. Ngu khong co nhiing u u dai nay, nii ro Ibn se la rao can eho eac nha d'au t u de tham gia vao linh vue nay.
Hai id. nang eao higu qua quan Iy, giam sat dbi vbi hoat dgng CGCN. Thuc tien da chung minh, Nha nube giii vai tio quan tipng doi vbi su thanh bgi ciia qua trinh CGCN. Trong boi canh thi trubng lmh hogt hien nay, Viet Nam c'an cb kehoach to'ng the ve thu hut cbng nghe nube ngoai; Can eb nhgn thiie day dii v'e vi tri ehien lugc tiong ehuyen giao KHCN, can chien lugc tong the va nhan thiie toan dign nham dam bao cong nghg nhgp ve phai phil hgp vbi kha nang hien nay; Thubng xuyen bo sung, cap nhat cae loai dbi tugng tiiubc Danh muc cbng nghg han ehe ehuyen giao, de dam bao ngan chan cbng nghg, thiet bi lac hau, gay b nhiem moi trubng khong dugc ehuyen giao vao Viet Nam.
Ba ta, tiien khai cac chinh saeh h b tig, thiic day doi mbi va CGCN. Thuc hien da dang hoa cac doi tugng CGCN b a n g each m b rbng quan hg vbi nhieu nube, nhieu trinh dp cong nghe, nhieu hang, nhieu h u b n g phat ttien cbng nghe. Tuy nhien, da dang hoa phai di dbi vbi chgn Igc, biet lua chgn ra nhiing doi tac kha di mang Iai ket qua toi u u . Mat khac, can tgo ap luc, siie e p dbi vbi cac D N nha nube, nhanh ehbng tiep can va
dbi mbi cong nghe de n a n g cao nang luc canh tiann a i a san p h a m Vigt Nam...
Boh la, p h a t trien n g u o n n h a n Iuc cho CGCN.
Can n a n g eao n h a n thiic ve vai tib va vi tri eua can b b KH&CN; q u a n tam d a u tu', tgo dieu kien tiiugn lgi n h a m phat h u y tiem n a n g sang tao, tang nang Iuc va trrnh dp ky thuat, tiinh dg cong nghe cua dgi ngii nay, ke ca lao dgng ky thuat, can bg nghien ciiu va can b b quan ly trong boi eanh hign nay; Cae eliinh saeh tigng d u n g c'an thuc su h a p dan, thiet thuc, thu hiit cae chuj^n gia, cac n h a khoa hge, nhiing n g u b i cb "bi quyet" cbng nghg, nhat la cong nghg cao, cbng nghg tien tien de chuyen giao vao n u a c ta...
Ndm la, thuc day CGCN thong qua h g p tae quoe te. Can da dang hba eae kenh h g p tae, hoat d g n g h g p tae qubc te ve CGCN d e m b rgng va tang cubng theo nhieu miie d o khac nhau, tir h p p tae vbi co q u a n quan
!y KH&CN ciia cac n u b e , d e n eac q u y n g h i e n ciiu KH&CN, cac vien nghien ciiu, t r u b n g dai hgc, cac to chiic phi chinh p h u va cac to chuc xa hgi khac. Cae npi d u n g h g p tac can ehii d g n g gan chat vbi n h u eau phat tiien KH&CN tiong nube, tiong do, chii tigng den n h u cau hgp tae quoe te oia dia p h u o n g ; Tang cuong tham gia cac hgi nghi, hgi thao quoc te va tranh thu cae dbi tac quoc te ve tri thiic, kinh nghiem, thbng tin khoa hgc, bi quyet cbng nghe, dao tao n h a n luc va h b tio tiang thiet bi, gbp p h a n day nhanh qua trinh CGCN...
Sdu la, n a n g cao higu qua thu hiit d a u t u n u b e ngoai trong CGCN. N a n g cao higu q u a t h u h u t d'au t u n u o c ngoai trong CGCN se tao lign ket trong eung cap dich vu cong nghe tir k h u vuc D N d a u t u n u b e ngoai va eae co s b n g h i e n eiiu va p h a t trien trong n u b e , tao eo hgi tiep can cong nghg n g u o n , n g h i e n ciiu, cai tieh lam ehu cbng nghg. Theo do, Viet N a m se rut n g a n k h o a n g each ve trinh db, rihan luc cbng
nghg so vbi cae nube... ^
Tai lieu tham khSo:
1. Oudc hdi (2006), Ludt Chuyen giao cong nghe sd 80/2006/0H 11 ngdy 29/11/2006.
2. Qudc bdi (2017), Luat Chuyen gmo cong nghe so 07/2017/QH14 ngdy 19/6/2017;
3. Quoc hgi (2013), Ludt Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe sd 29/2013/QH13 ngdy 18/6/2013;
4. Phon Xudn Dung. Trdn Vdn Tung, Pham Hdu Due. "Cong nghe vd chuyen giao cdng nghe", NXB Khoa hoc vd ky thudt
Thbng tin tac giS:
Nguyen Hi^uHi^g Email: hung5unny4iigmatl.com
