TIM HIEU TRIET LY GIAO DUC HO CHI MINH
TRINH QUOC V I E T "
Tom tat: Ho Chi Minh khong chi diidc biS't den la anh hiing giii phong dan tpc, danh nhin van hoa Met xuat cua Vipt Nam, ma Ngiidi con la mpt nha sii pham miu miic. Trong sud't cuoc ddi hoat dpng each mang cua minh, Ho Chi Minh da danh phan ldn tam tri cho giao due con ngiidi He tho'ng lu&n diim ve giao due cung vdi hoat dpng thiic tien giao due phong phii ciia Ngwdi da dat nin mdng cho sii ra ddi, phat trien cua nen giao due each mang Vi$t Nam. He tho'ng cac quan diem do cua Ngiidi chinh la triet ly giao due Ho Chi Minh. Triet ly giao due caa Ngiidi cd gia tri to ldn va dang soi sang sii nghiep giao due hipn nay d Viet Nam.
Tdkhoa: Trie't ly giao due; triitlygiao due Ho Chi Minh; giao due Viet Nam.
Abstract: Ho Chi Minh is known not only as a hero in national liberation but also an exemplary educator. Most of his ideology was dedicated to human education. His educational philosophy and his experiences in teaching have formed the foundation for Vietnamese education in the revolution period. His educational philosophy is of great value and is enlightening the current educational career in Vietnam.
Key words: Educational philosophy; Ho Chi Minh's philosophy of education; Vietnamese education.
Ngaynhan bai 10/9/2019; Ngay siia bar 20/10/2019; Ngay duyet dang bar 27/12/2019.
Mdfdau
Trie't ly giao due la mdt khai niem it dfldc ban dd'n d phfldng Tay, chu ye'u hg ban den triet hgc ve giao due (philosophy of education or educational philosophy), va di nhien each hieu hai ndi ham nay la khdng hoan toan ddng nha't song cd sfl tfldng ddng ve mat khoa hge. Bdi vi, ca
"trie't hpc giao due" va "trie't ly giao due"
deu "chi mdt chuyen nganh trie't hgc flng dung vao linh vflc giao duc"*^^'. Tuy vay, trie't hge vd giao due dflpc hieu vdi nghia rdng hdn va khdng bi gidi ban, cdn trie't ly giao due n g i n gpn, cd due hdn. Qua hgi thao khoa hgc ve Trii't ly giao due do Hpc vien Quan ly giao due, Bp giao due va Dao tao (9/2007), so' dong cac nha nghien cflu, nha khoa hpc tan thanh gpi la "trie't ly giao due" (14/27 = 52,85%); con lai tan SO 4-2020
thanh vdi each ggi khac nhfl: "trie't hgc giao due", "ly luan trie't hpc ve giao due"
va "trie't hpc trie't ly quan ly giao due".
Theo GS T r i n Ngoc Them, thuat ngfl
"trie't ly giao due" dfldc bieu la: "tfl tfldng giao due dfldc trinh bay cd due, ngin gpn ve nhflng yeu ciu cd ban cua san pham ma nen giao due hfldng tdi, nham dap flng cae nhu ciu cua xa hdi trong mpt bd'i canh chu the - kbdng gian - thdi gian nha't dinb, cd tac dung dinh hfldng cbo boat ddng"^^'.
''' Khoa Tu tiiSng Ho Chi Minh, Hoc vign Chinh tn, Bo QuS'c phong
'^' Pham Minh Hac (2013), Triit ly giao due the'gidi va Viet Nam, Nxb. Chmh tri quSc gia Su that, Ha Ngi, tr39.
'^' https://giaoduc.net.vn/Giao-duc-24h/Chu-nhiem-de -tai-cap-quoc-gia-ve-triet-ly-giao-duc-len-tieng-
NHAH LUC KHOA HOC XAHQI Q ]
Vdi trai nghiem vd cflng phong phu, sinh ddng qua nhieu nen giao due khac nhau tren hanh trinh cflu nflde, giai phdng dan tdc. Ho Cbi Minh da nhan thflc dung ve vai trd, vi tri cua giao due (sfl menh cua giao due), muc tieu, ndi dung, chfldng trinh, phfldng phap, nguyen t i c giao due,... de tfl dd van dung vao xay dflng nen giao due each mang Viet Nam. Thanh cdng ciia nen giao due mdi d nUde ta dd chinh la the hi§n su thanh edng cua mdt trid't ly giao due each mang mang ddm da'u an cua Hd Cbi Minh.
Trie't ly giao due Ho Chi Minh cd ndi dung bet sfle co dgng, sau sic va dUdc bidn thUe hda vao nen giao due each mang Viet Nara thdng qua cae quan diem ed ban sau:
1. Quan diem ve svf m e n h giao due Theo Ho Chi Minh, sfl menh cua nen giao due radi d Viet Nara phai khac phuc sfl lae hau do ehinh sach ciia che dp thflc dan va lam cbo mpi ngfldi dan dfldc hfldng nen giao due ciia radt nfldc ddc lap. Tha'u hieu than phan cua mpt ngfldi dan d mdt nfldc thudc dia, le thude dfldi ach cai tri vd cflng ha khac, tan bao eua thfle dan Phap bing chinb sdch ngu dan va chia de tri. Nhflng nam thang boat dgng d nflde ngoai, dfldc trai nghiem cude sd'ng d nfldc Phap, My, Anh va nhieu nflde khac, Nguydn Ai Qud'e he't sfle cam phan va kbdng ngflng td' cao, len an, chd'ng lai toi ac ciia chii nghia thflc dan, nha't la chd'ng ehinh sach ngu dan. Khi tra ldi mot phdng vien bao Yi Chi Pao xua't ban d Thien Tan, Trung Qud'e, ngay 20-9-1919, Nguygn Ai Qud'c ndi: "Bing each can trd van minh va tie'n bd cua dan
tdc An Nam, ngfldi Phap vinh viin dat dan tdc nay ra ngoai le cua nen van rainh the gidi"^^'.
Tren thflc te, thflc dan Phap cd md cac trUdng nghe va ca eao dang, dai hpc, song ta't ea deu che day bang vd bpc "khai hoa van minh", cdn thuc chit dd chi la cac trUdng dao tao mdt sd' vien chflc nhd eho cbinh sach cai tri. Va trong giao due, thiic dan Phap gieo rac mdt nen giao due doi bai, xao tra va nguy hiem hdn ca sfl dd't nat. Tham chi, chung cdn giao due eho thanh nien Viet Nara khinh re ngudn gd'c ddng gid'ng minh, va yeu To qud'c la nfldc rae Phap chfl khdng phai Td qud'c rainh.
Tinh t h i n chd'ng chinh saeh ngu dan cua Nguyen Ai Qud'c cdn dfldc the hiSn trong Gfldng linh diu tien cua Dang do cbinh Ngfldi khdi thao: "Phd thdng giao due theo cdng ndng hoa"'^'. Dieu nay khang dinb sfl nha't quan cua Ngfldi trong chd'ng ehinh sach ngu dan, va hfldng den nen gido due mdi dem lai cude sd'ng td't dep cho nhan dan, giai phdng nhan dan khdi kie'p nd le.
Ben canh dd, Ho Chi Minh quan tam de'n xay dflng mot nen giao due cua mdt nfldc ddc lap. Ngay d la thU diu tien grfi cho cac em hgc sinh nhan ngay khai giang nam hgc mdi, Hd Chi Minh da viet:
"eac em dUdc cai may min hdn cha anb la dugc ha'p thu mdt nen giao due cua mot nflde ddc lap"*^'. Quan diem nay ciia Ho Chi Minh khang dinb nen giao due each mang chi dflde thflc hien khi nfldc nha dflpe ddc lap, va khi nfldc nha gianh dfldc
'^' Ho Chi Minh (2011), Toan tap, Nxb. Chinh tri qu6c gia. Ha Noi, tap 1, tr.457,
'^' Ho Chi Minh (2011), Toan tap, Sdd, tap 3, t r . l . '^' Ho ChiMinh(2011), Toan tap, Sdd, tap 4, tr.34.
m
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOf $64-2020TRINH QUOC VIET dgc lap thi cin hudng tdi xay dung nen
giao due cua mot nflde dgc lap, tie'n bp.
Ngoai ra, Ngfldi ludn danh gia eao vai trd cua giao due trong md raang dan tri, vi vay, sau khi Cach mang Thang 8 nam 1945 thanh cdng, trong phien hpp diu tien cua Chinh phu Lam thdi (3-9-1945), Ho Chi Minh cbi ra 6 nhiem vu ca'p bach, trong dd nhiem vu ea'p bach thfl 2 dflde NgUdi nhan manh: 'Va'n de thfl hai, nan dd't - La mdt trong nhflng phfldng phap dgc ac ma bgn thflc dan dflng de eai tri chiing ta. Hdn chin rafldi phin trara ddng bao chung ta mu chfl. Nhflng ehi cin ba thang la du de hpc dgc, hgc vie't tie'ng nfldc ta theo vin qud'c ngU. Mdt dan tpc dd't la mdt dan tdc ye'u. Vi vay tdi de nghi md mot chie'n dieh de chd'ng nan mu chfl"*^'.
Luan diem "Mdt dan tpc dd't la mdt dan tgc yeu" cua Ho Chi Minh da phan anh ro quan diem ve t i m quan trgng cua giao due, va la mdt triet ly mang tinh khai quat toan bd cae gia tri tinh hoa cua nhan loai ve vai trd giao due. Theo Ngfldi, dd't d day khdng chi ban hep d khdng bie't chfl -
"mu ehfl", ma nd chinh la "dan t r f hay trinh dp dan tri. Va trinh dp dan tri khdng cbi dflng d bid't dpe, bid't vie't ma edn phai ed trinh dp hieu bie't, phan anh tri tue cua nhan dan tren cac linh vflc ciia ddi sd'ng xa hdi. Do vay, den ngay 04-10- 1945, trong bai "Chd'ng nan t h i t hpc", Ngfldi da viet; "Nay chiing ta da gianh dfldc quyen ddc lap. Mdt trong nhflng cdng viec phai thflc hien cip td'c trong luc nay la nang cao dan trf'^'. Thflc hien cbi dao chd'ng giae dd't eua Cbu tich Ho Cbi Minh de nang cao dan tri, Cbinh phu Lam thdi Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda da thanh lap Nha binh dan hpc vu, md eac
Idp hgc budi td'i, bat huge hge chfl qud'c ngfl. Quyet tam dd cua Ho Chi Minh va Chinh phu da dflpc Men tbflc hda va trd thanh phong trao Binh dan hgc vu, tbu dflpc nbieu ke't qua trong xda mfl chfl, gdp phin nang cao dan tri.
2. Quan d i e m ve m u c t i e u c u a giao d u e
Ngoai neu len sfl menh ciia giao due, Hd Chi Minh cdn xdc dinb dung muc tieu ciia giao due. Theo Ngfldi, rauc tieu ciia nen giao due each mang nhim tao ra ngudn nhan lfle, bdi dfldng nban tai de phuc vu sfl nghiep each mang. Khi de'n tham Idp hpc chinh tri cua cac giao vien cap I va cap II toan mien Bic, ngay 13-9- 1958, Ngfldi ndi: "Vi ldi ich mfldi nam thi phai trdng cay, vi ldi ich tram nam tbi phai trong ngfldi. Chung ta phai dao tao ra nhflng cdng dan td't va can bd tdt cbo nfldc nba"'^'. Va trong sfl nghiep khang chie'n, kie'n qud'c, bfldc diu di len ehu nghia xa hpi d Viet Nam, Ngfldi cflng ludn de cao giao due, coi dd la mdt mat tran quan trpng nhim tbflc hien muc tieu each mang: 'Van boa giao due la mdt mat tran quan trpng trong cdng eudc xay dflng cbu ngbia xa hgi d mien Bac va dau tranh thflc hien thd'ng nhat nflde nha"'^'. Trong Di chuc de lai cbo toan Dang, toan dan, toan quan ta, Ngfldi eung kbdng quen de'n viec giao due, bdi dfldng the'he each mang cbo ddi sau: "Bdi dfldng the' he each mang cbo ddi sau la mdt viec rat quan trgng va rat cin tbiet"*^^'.
'^' Ho Chi Minh (2011), Toan tap, Sdd, tap 4, tr.7.
'•'> Ho Chi Minh (2011), Toan tap, Sdd, tlip 4, tr.7.
'^'> Ho Chi M m h (2011), Toan tap, Sdd, t4p 11, tr.528.
'^> Ho Chi M m h (2011), Toan tap, Sdd, tap 12, tr.647.
'"" Ho Chi M m h (2011), Toan tap, Sdd, t | p 15, tr.612.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi Q ]
Mat khac, muc tieu ciia giao due theo Ho Chi Minh la giao due nban van. Theo NgUdi, giao due nhan van la giao due hudng tdi muc tieu tong quat n h i t la
"giao due lam ngUdi". De cap dieu nay, khi de'n tham Trfldng Nguyin Ai Qud'c Trung fldng, thang 9-1949, Hd Chi Minh da viet vao eud'n sd vang cua nha trfldng:
"Hgc de lam viec, lam ngUdi, lam can ]35»(u) ]sjh^ vay, giao due lam ngUdi la ndi dung r i t rdng va cbi cd thdng qua giao due thi mdi dat bieu qua, dd chinh la trid't ly gido due tha'm dudra tinh nhan van.
Theo dd, NgUdi chi ro giao due lam ngUdi la phai day cho ngUdi hpc nhan thUc dung ve cac phim cha't, gia tri td't dep eua con ngUdi Viet Nam trong eudc sd'ng, sinh boat, flng xii,... Day cbinh la nhflng gia tri mang tinh nen tang ma ragt nen giao due tie'n bg hfldng tdi.
Ben canh dd, Hd Cbi Minh edn quan tara xay dflng nen giao due mdi hfldng de'n muc tieu dao tao ra edng dan to't phue vu cbo sfl nghiep each mang. Trong thfl gtfi cho cac em hpe sinh nhan ngay khai giang nam hgc mdi, Hd Chi Minh vid't: "ragt nen giao due nd se dao tao eae em nen nhflng ngfldi edng ddn hflu ich cho nfldc Viet Nam"*^^'. Luan diem nay xac dinh ro mue tieu ciia nen gido due each raang Viet Nam la dao tao ra nhflng cdng ddn hflu ieh cho Td qud'e. Theo dd, ngfldi cdng dan hflu ich la nhflng ngfldi sd'ng theo phap luat, theo dung ky efldng phep nfldc, thue hien cdc nghia vu cua ngfldi edng dan; rdng hdn, dd chinh la sd'ng ed trach nhiem (chia se, ddng gdp, cd'ng hie'n) vdi cpng ddng, xa hdi, tren ed sd long yeu nfldc, tfl hao, tfl tdn dan tdc.
Va chinh Ngfldi cung vdi Dang, Nha
nudc, Nhan dan ta da day cdng gay diing va tao lap nen nen giao due each mang, nhd dd da dao tao ra Idp Idp eac the he ngUdi Viet Nam trd thanh ngUdi edng dan hflu ich, phuc vu true tie'p cho su nghiep each mang.
3. Quan diem ve chiidng trinh, noi dung giao due
Nguydn Ai Qud'c - Ho Chi Minh chinh la ngUdi t h i y vi dai cua each mang Viet Nam. NgUdi da true tie'p bien soan tai lieu, bai giang va la ngUdi md ba khda huan luyen eho Idp thanh nidn yeu nUdc Viet Nam d Quang Chau, Trung Qud'c diu nam 1926 de'n 1927. Ngfldi da trfle tie'p xay dflng npi dung, chfldng trinh hua'n luyen, trfle tie'p la giang vien ehinh cua cac khda hua'n luyen dd. 75 can bg cd't can sau khi td't nghiep da dflde Ngfldi c^ ve nfldc gay dflng phong trao each mang.
Khi nfldc nha radi gianh dfldc dpc lap, trong Thfl diu nam hpc mdi, thing 9- 1945, Hd Chi Minh da cbi ro viec xay dflng "mot nen giao due lam phat trien hoan toan nhflng nang lflc san cd eua eac em"'^^'. Luan diem nay the bien rd tinh ke thfla cua NgUdi trong tiep tbu cac gia tri tien bd eua giao due the gidi gin vdi dieu kidn thflc tiln Viet Nam. Thflc te', viSc phat trien hoan toan nang lflc san ed cua ngfldi hpc la mdt trong nhflng muc tieu va dinh hfldng ep ban ciia giao due nhan loai. Va mdt nen giao due nao cd the lam td't dieu nay ehinh la mdt nen giao due tie'n bd. Theo Ngfldi ngi dung giao due phai toan dien, bao gdra ca dao dfle each
" Ho Chi M m h (2011), Toan tap, Sdd, t a p 6, tr.208.
'-* Ho Chi Minh (2011). Toan tap, Sdd, tap 4, tr.34.
" Ho Chi Minh (2011), Toan tap, Sdd, tap 4, tr,34.
g ] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi SO 4-2020
TRINH QUOC VIET mang, giac ngd xa hdi chii nghia, van hda,
khoa hpc - ky thuat, lao ddng san xua't.
Ngfldi nhan manh: "can dam bao cbo hgc trd nhflng tri thflc phd thdng chic chan, thie't thfle, thich hdp vdi nhu cau va tien do xay dflng nfldc nha, bd nhflng phan nao kbdng cin thie't cbo ddi sd'ng thflc te*''"'. Ve chUdng trinh, Hd Chi Minh cho ring phai thie't tbiic, khoa hgc, phu hdp vdi nhan tbUc ngfldi hgc va thflc tien d i t nflde (phue vu cho khang chie'n, kie'n qud'c va hinb thanh con ngfldi mdi xa hdi chu nghia), ddng thdi phai ehu trgng cai cdch ndi dung, chfldng trinh giao due d nha trfldng tren tinh t h i n ludn gin vdi tbflc tien, dap flng yeu ciu cua thflc tiln.
4. Quan diem ve phifdng phap giao due
Vdi t i m nhin chie'n Ifldc va kinh nghiem thflc tiln phong phfl, Ho Cbi Minh da neu ra nhflng chi din quy bau ve phfldng phap giao due nhfl: Thflc hien day td't, hoc td't va trgng dung nhan tai.
Nhan tbflc tha'u dao ve day va hpc, Ngfldi neu quan diera: "day td't, hpc td't". Quan diera nay trd thanh phfldng cham chi dao va muc tieu thi dua ciia nganh giao due.
Trong bflc thfl cud'i eflng cua Ngfldi giii eho nganh giao due nhan dan dau nam hgc mdi, ngay 15-10-1968, Ngfldi vid't:
"Cac trfldng da cd nhieu cd' ging trong viee thi dua day td't va hpe to't" va "Dfl khd khan de'n dau cflng phai tie'p tuc thi dua day td't va hpc to't"'^^'. Ngfldi edn ludn chu y khdi day va dpng vien nganh giao due ndi ehung, cac trfldng va tflng thiy, cd giao ndi rieng phai duy tri va thflc hien thi dua "day to't va hpc td't" (hai td't).
Tha'm nhuan ldi day cua Hd Chi Minh, toan nganh giao due da hfldng flng tich
sd 4-2020
cflc, tao ra phong trao "hai td't" bet sfle sdi ndi, rgng khap, gdp phin vao sfl mdnh ve vang cua nen giio due nflde nha, phuc vu thiet thflc cbo sfl nghiep each mang.
Ben canh viec tao ra phong trao thi dua day td't, hpc td't, Hd Chi Minh cdn dac hiet ehu y d§'n trpng dung nhan tai. Sinh thdi, Hd Chi Minh ra't quan tam den trpng dung ngfldi tai, nha't la trong giao due tbi trgng dung ngfldi tai cang cd vai trd rat quan trgng de kie'n thie't mdt nin giao due each mang. Tbflc chit, va'n de trgng dung nhan tai la net ndi bat, nhat quan trong tfl duy Ho Chi Minh va vdi viee kie'n thie't nflde nha thi tri thflc cang quan trgng. Ngfldi vie't: "Kie'n thie't can cd nhan tai. Nhan tai nfldc ta du chfla ed nhieu lim nhflng ne'u ehung ta kheo Ifla chgn, kheo phan phd'i, kheo dflng thi nhan tai cang ngay eang phat trien cang them nhilu"'^^'. Vdi viee xay dflng nen giao due mdi, thi cang cin phat huy va trpng dung nhdn tai. Ngfldi xac dinh trgng dung nban tai la de "Kie'n thie't giao due". Tren thfle te, Hd Chi Minh da rat thanh eong trong trgng dung nhan tai vao sfl nghiep khang chien, kien qud'c ndi chung va xay dflng nen giao due radi d nfldc ta ndi rieng. Trong linh vflc giao due, Hd Cbi Minh da Ifla ehpn va bd nhiem nhflng tri thflc tai nang vao efldng vi Bp trfldng Bg qud'e gia giao due nhfl:
Vu Dinh Hoe, Nguyin Van Huyen,...
Rieng ddng chi Nguyin Van Huyen da lam Bd trfldng Bd Giao due gin 30 nam, va cd ddng gdp to ldn vao sU nghiep giao due nude nha.
II*' Ho Chi Minh (2011), Toan t&p, Sdd, tap 10, tr.l86.
'^s' Ho Chi Minh (2011), Toan t$p, Sdd, tap 15, tr.507.
fi*" Ho Chi Minh (2011), Toan t§p, Sdd, tap 4, t r . l l 4 . NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHQI g |
5, Quan diem ve nguyen ly giao due De xay dflng nen giao due each mang d nfldc ta, Hd Chi Minh da tran trd suy nghi va ehi ra nhflng quan diera cd ban ve nguyen ly giao due. Trflde he't, dd la quan diera ve hgc di ddi vdi hanh, ly luan gin lien vdi thflc tien. Ngfldi luon coi trgng radi quan he bidn chflng gifla hgc va hanh bay ly luan gan lien vdi tbflc tien trong va'n de phat trien giao due.
Ngfldi ehi rd: "Hge de hanh: Hpe vdi hanh phai di ddi. Hge ma khdng hanh thi hpc vd ich. Hanh ma khdng hpc thi hanb khdng trdi chay"*^^'.
Hd Cbi Minh edn chi ra each thfle gin hpe vdi hanh cho tflng ca'p bpc. Dd'i vdi hpe sinh, "Cach day, quan niem day phai khac. Day sao cbo hgc sinh mau hieu, mau nhd, ly luan di vdi thflc hanh"'^^'.
Dd'i vdi bac hpc dai hoc, Hd Chi Minh yeu ciu phai ke't hdp giio due vdi lao ddng san xua't, vdi eudc da'u tranb xa hgi.
Ngfldi phe phan nhflng bieu hien cua vide tach rdi lao ddng tri dc vdi lao ddng chan tay: "Mdt ngfldi hge xong dai hge, cd thd ggi la cd tri tbflc. Song y khdng bie't cay rudng, khdng biet lara cdng, kbdng biet danh giac, khdng biet lam nhieu viee khac. Ndi tdm lai: cdng viec thflc te, y khong bid't gi ca. The' la y cbi cd tri tbflc mpt nfla. Tri thfle ciia y la tri thflc hpe sach, ehfla phai tri thflc hoan toan. Y mud'n thanh mdt ngfldi tri tbflc hoan toan, thi phai dem cai tri thfle dd ap dung vao tbflc te^'*^^'. Trong Di chiic, Ngfldi can dan: "Siia ddi che do giao due eho phu hpp vdi hoan canh mdi eiia nhan dan nhfl phat trien eae trfldng niia ngay hpc tap, niia ngay lao ddng".
Ngoai ra, Hd Chi Minh yeu ciu giao
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI
due phai nhim dung nhu ciu "Ban hua'n luyen nhfl la ngUdi lam ra hang. Lam ra hang phai dung vdi nhu ciu cua ngfldi tieu thu. Nd'u ngfldi ta ein nhieu xe ma minh lam ra nhiiu binh tieh thi hang g^'OO) J)gng ^J^^j^ pj^^^ ^j^^(, J^igjj g^jj j^g-^
nha trfldng vdi xa bdi tren tinh thin thd'ng nha't ca ba khau: Nha trfldng - Gia dinh - Xa hdi. NgUdi vid't: "Giao due trong nha trudng dfl td't ma'y nhflng thie'u giao due trong gia dinh va ngoai xa hdi thi ket qua cung kbdng hoan toan"'^^'.
Ben eanh do, Hd Chi Minh chi ra can hge mgi luc, mpi ndi, phai hpe nban dan;
coi trpng viee tu hgc, tU giao due. Ngfldi de ra phfldng cham hgc sud't ddi va coi trpng viec tu hpc, tfl dao tao. Ngfldi chi ro phai "Lay tfl hgc lam cd't"*^^', "phai hgc raai, hpc sud't ddi"*^^' va "Hpc d trfldng, hpe d sach vd, hgc l i n nhau va hgc nhan dan, khdng hgc nhan dan la mot thie'u sdt rat Idn"'^*'.
Ket l u a n
Cac quan didra ciia Ho Chi Minh ve triet ly giao due ra't each mang, khoa hpc, toan dien, sau sic va da dfldc bien thflc hda vao nen giao due each mang d Viet Nam Day chinh la mpt trong nhflng ddng lflc quan trpng cua cdng cuoc khang chie'n, kie'n quo'c va xay dflng chii nghia xa hgi. Danh gia ve dieu nay, cd' Bo trfldng Bg Giao due Nguyin Van Huyen khang dinh: "...nhflng gi nen giao due
'*H6 Chi M m h (2011), '^'H6 Chi M m h (2011),
^^1 Ho Chi Minh (2011), ' - " H o Chi Minh (2011), ' ' " H o Chi Minh (2011), Ho Chi Minh (2011), ' ^ ^ ' H 6 Chi Minh (2011), Ho Chi Minh (2011),
Toan tap, Sdd, t a p 6, tr.361.
Toan tap, Sdd, tap 10, tr.389.
Toan t$p, Sdd, tap 5, tr.275.
Toan tap, Sdd, ttlp 6, tr.359, Toan tap, Sdd, t a p 10, tr.591, Toan t$p, Sdd, t a p 5, tr.312.
Toan t^p, Sdd, t a p 15, tr.670.
Toan tap, Sdd, tap 6, tr.361.
SO 4-2020
TRINH QUOC VTET nUde nha dat dflde to't dep nhfl ngay nay
la nhd chung ta lam dung theo tU tudng H 6 Chi Minh, va nhflng gi chfla td't - la vi khdng dung sU chi dao ciia NgUdi"*^^'.
Cho den nay, triet ly giao due Hd Chi Minh van cdn nguyen tinh thdi sU, dinb hfldng cho sfl phat trien ben vflng kbdng chi ciia dan tpc Viet Nam ma ca cac qud'c gia, dan tpc khac tren toan the gidi. Bdi vi, quan diem do cua Ngfldi gin vdi sfl menh va mue tieu phat trien toan dien eon ngfldi da dfldc de cap tfl kheang gifla theky XX, thi gid day UNESCO xac dinh bd'n tru cot cua giao due trong thdng diep
"Hpc tap - mot kho bau tiem an" (xac dinh tfl nam 1997 ve dinh hfldng giao due d the ky XXI): learning to know;
learning to live together; learning to do;
learning to be - cd nghia la: hge de bie't;
hgc dd chung sd'ng; hgc de lam viec; hgc dd lam ngfldi. Qua day, ehung ta mdi tha'y tri tue, t i m nhin va tfl duy chie'n Ifldc cua Ho Chi Minh ve giao due. De cap dg'n nhflng y tfldng kiet xua't cua Ho Chi Minh ve va'n de giao due, trong dip ky niem 120 nam ngay sinh eua Ngfldi (1890 2010), Phd Tong giam doe UNESCO - Hans D'orville cho rang: "Ho Chi Minh da ddng gdp ra't nhiiu vao sfl nghiep giao due eho ta't ca mpi ngfldi... vi cha gia giai phong Viet Nam da tflng la thay giao va sfl nghiep giai phdng dan tgc dd'i vdi ngfldi chinh la "cuoc dau tranh chd'ng lai ba ke thfl: giac ddi, giac dot va giac ngoai xam"*^^'.
Triet ly giao due Hd Chi Minh la triet ly giao due each mang vdi nhflng quan diem sau sic va cd y nghia vach thdi dai. D§'n nay, trie't ly giao due Ho Chi Minh v i n dang soi sang viee ddi
sd 4-2020
mdi can ban va toan dien nen giao due nfldc nha. Trilt ly dd hoan toan phfl hpp vdi tdn chi cua UNESCO, la thuc day manh me sfl nghiep giao due toan dan va truyen ba van boa. Dieu nay dfldc GS. Song Thanh nha'n manh "Day la ragt kho bau, c i n khai thic, van dung quan triet tren eon dudng tim kie'm mot trie't ly giao due hien dai, tiep tbu tinh hoa the gidi, phfl hdp vdi truyen thd'ng dan tgc, vdi dieu kidn thuc te cua Viet Nam bien nay"^^^'.
T A I LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Pham Minh Hac (2013), Trie't Iy giao due thi'gidi va Viit Nam, Nxb. Cbinh tri qud'e gia Sfl that. Ha Ndi.
2. Nguydn Hflng Hau (2015), Suy ngim vS trii't HS Chi Minh, Nxb. Chinb tri qud'c gia Sfl that, Ha Ndi.
3. Hpe vien Chinh tri (2012), Td tddng Ho Chi Minh ve giao due, Nxb. Quan dgi nban dan, Ha Ndi.
4. Hd Chi Minh (2011), Toan tap, Nxb.
Chinh tri qud'c gia. Ha Npi.
5. http://lyluanchinbtri.vn/bome/ index, php/b ai-noi-bat/item/96 7 -triet-ly-giao- due -ho-ehi-rainh. html.
6. Hans D'Orville: "Tfl tfldng Ho Chi Minh vin gifl gia tri thdi dai", WWW. vietnam-H/VietnamPlus.
'^°' Dan theo Pham Minh Hac, Triit ly giao due the gidi va Viet Nam, Sdd, tr.396-397.
'^''' H a n s D'Orville: "Tu ti(6ng Ho Chi Minh van giii gia t r i thdi dai", WWW.vietnam+A^ietnamPlus.
<2^' http://lyluanchinhtri.vn/home/index.php/bai-noi- bat/item/967-triet-ly-giao-duc-ho-chi-minh.html
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi g ]
