Quan ly nha nuo'c ve an ninh quoc gia trong boi canh hoi nhap quoc t§
va Cach mang cong nghiep lan thu t u
Le Mai Thanh'
' Vien Nha nuac va Phdp luat, Vien Han lam Khoa hoc xa hpi Viet Nam.
Email: [email protected]
Nhan ngay 8 thang 10 nam 2019. Chip nhan dang ngay 25 thang 12 nam 2019
Tom tat: An ninh quoc gia gan vai su on dinh cua the che chinh tri, bao ve chu quyen va toan ven lanh tho. Quan ly nha nuac ve an ninh qu6c gia bao gom nhiing npi dung d6ng bo tu thiet lap va to chiic thuc hien chien lupc, chinh sach, phap luat, ke hoach, phucmg an bao ve an ninh... den hap tac quoc te ve bao ve an ninh qu6c gia. De thuc hien tot nhung npi dimg nay trong boi canh hpi nhap quoc te va cupc Cach mang cong nghiep lan thii tu (Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0), viec quyet tot moi quan he giiia an ninh toan cau, khu vuc va quoc gia co y nghTa quan trpng doi voi moi quoc gia.
Tir khoa: Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0, an ninh quoc gia, quan ly nha nuoc.
Phan loai nganh: Luat hoc
Abstract: National security is linked to the stability of the political institutional regime, protection of sovereignty and territorial integrity. State management of national security includes synchronous contents that range from setting up and organising the implementation of strategies, policies, laws and plans for ensuring security... to international cooperation on ensuring national security. In order to properly implement those in the context of international integration and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industrial Revolution 4.0), the effective handling of the relationship among j regional and national security bears important significance for every country.
Keywords: Industrial Revolution 4.0, national security, state management.
Subject classification: Jurisprudence
L Dat van de
Hpi nhap quoc te va cupc Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0 da tao lap tien de mai nhung cung dat ra nhiing thach thiic d6i voi quan ly nha nuoc noi ehung va quan ly nha nuac ve an ninb quoc gia noi rieng.
Trong boi canh do, can tan dung lai the eiia hpi nhap quoc te, mi the dot pha ciia cupc Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0 nham Cling CO an ninh va ngan ngua nhung rui ro, thach thiic mai tac dpng den an ninh quoc gia. De dat dupe dieu do, tnrac bet can phai nhan thiic lai vai tro ctia cac chu the tbam gia quan ly, ciing co moi quan he tuang tac giiia nha nuac vai cac thanh to khac trong qua trinh thirc hien npi dung quan ly nha nuac ve an ninh quoc gia; lam moi nhan thiic ve cac nguyen tac, npi dung ciing nhu phuang thiic quan ly nha nuac ve an ninh quoc gia. Bai viet nay phan tieh an ninh quoc gia va quan ly nha nuac ve an ninh quoc gia;
tac dpng cua hpi nhap quoc te va cupc Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0 den quan ly nha nuac v^ an ninh quoc gia va nhirng yeu cau thich irng ve quan ly nha nuoc doi voi an ninh quoc gia trong boi canh hpi nhap quoc te va cupc Cach mang cong ngbiep 4.0.
2. An ninh quoc gia va quan ly nha nuo'c ve an ninh quoc gia
An ninh quoc gia dupe nhan dien qua kha nang cua mpt quoc gia trong viec bao ve cac the chi, nguyen tac va cau tnic xa hpi, bao ve dan chiing khoi cae moi de dpa quan su va pbi quan sir [8]. An ninh quoc gia dupe hi£u la su on dinh cua hai mat, hai noi dung doi npi, doi ngoai va moi quan he giiia
doi npi va doi ngoai; an ninh quoc gia phan anh quan he cbinh tri trong pham vi mpt nuac va quan he chinh tri quoc te [3].
Theo khoan 1 Dieu 3 Luat An ninh quoc gia ciia Viet Nam, an ninh quoc gia la sir on dinh, phat trien ben viing ciia che dp xa hpi chu nghia va Nha nuac Cong hoa xa hpi chii nghia Viet Nam, sir bat kha xam pham dpc lap, chu quyen, thong nhat, toan ven lanh th6 ciia To quoc [5]. Hay noi each khac, an ninb quoc gia dong nghTa voi sur on dinh ciia the ehe ehinh tri, bao ve chvi quy6n va toan ven lanh tho. Xet dudi goc dp npi dung, an ninh quoc gia bao gom an ninh chinh tri npi bp va an ninh doi ngoai;
trong do an ninb cbinh tri npi bp bao dam sir on dinh ve moi truang chinh tri - xa hpi de phat trien va an ninh doi ngoai bao dam dpc lap chii quyen, toan ven lanh tho va hop tac . cimg CO lai.
Ban ve an ninh quoc gia cung can nhan dien cac nguy ca de dpa an ninh den tCr goc dp chii quan va khach quan. Trong boi canh hien nay, ben eanh nguy co de dpa an ninh truyen thong, con xuat hien nhirng nguy ea de dpa an ninh phi truyen thong. Doi vai an ninh quoc gia truyen thong, moi de dpa den chii quyen ciia mpt quoc gia xuat phat tii viec sii dung bat hap phap siic manh quan su tii ben ngoai. Doi vai an ninh phi truyen thong, moi de dpa eo the d6n tir tpi pham xuyen quoc gia, khung bo, tpi pham kinh te quoc te, tpi pham cong nghe cao... [5]. Moi de dpa nay can phai duac ngan ngiia va xii ly nhanh chong, kip thai; dac biet trong boi canh hpi nhap quoc te va each mang eong nghiep 4.0, bai sir ket noi, tac dpng lan toa a pham vi toan cau tra nen de dang ban bao gia het. Do vay, moi de dpa nay phai duac canh bao, phat hien va ngan chan kip thoi
khong chi tu phia Nha nuac ma can huy dpng ca su bop tac ciia cae chii the tu.
De dpa an ninh quoc gia co the xuat phat tu phia ehu the eong eiing nhu ehu the tu [6]. Chu the cong co the hanh dpng hoae khong hanh dpng tac dpng den an ninh quoc gia duai cac hinh thiic: khong npi luat hoa cac thoa thuan hop tac ve an ninh quoc gia; khdng ton trpng ehii quyen va su toan ven lanh tho ciia quoc gia khac; tao dieu kien, dung tiing, ho trp cac boat dpng xam pham an ninh quoc gia khac; de dpa hoac thuc hien cac hanh vi gay mat on dinh an ninh quoc gia khac; de dpa boa binh, an ninh khu vue hoac toan cau... Chii the tu ciing CO the hanh dpng hoac khong hanh dpng; CO y hoac v6 y thuc hien cac hanh vi xam pham den an ninh quoc gia... Doi khi ciing xay ra hien tuang quoc gia thong qua chu the tu tac dpng, gay mat on dinh an ninh toan cau, an ninh quoc gia khac... De loai tni nhung nguy e a de dpa an ninh quoc gia, can xac dinh nhu eau va npi dung quan ly nha n u a c ve an ninh quoc gia.
Quan ly nha nuae ve quoc phong - an ninh la qua trinh Nha nuac nam va dieu hanh bang chinh sach, phap luat va eae cong cu khac trong mpi lmh vuc, mpi hoat dpng xa hpi nham giii gin, bao ve dpc lap, chii quyen, toan ven lanh thd va an ninh quoc gia [3]. Can cii vao Dieu 29 Luat An ninh quoe gia [5], quan ly nha nuac ve an ninh quoc gia bao gom nhiing npi dung sau:
Thu nhdt, xay dung va to ehiie thue hien chien lupc, chinh sach, ke hoach, phuang an bao ve an ninh quoc gia va bao dam dieu kien can thiet eho boat dpng bao ve an ninh quoc gia; ban hanh va to chiic thuc hien van ban quy pham phap luat ve bao ve an ninh quoc gia.
Thie hai, to chiic, chi dao, buong dan hoat dpng thu thap, phat hien, dieu tra, xu ly thong tin, tai lieu, hanh vi lien quan den boat dpng xam pham an ninh quoe gia.
Thic ba, chi dao, buong dan thuc hien cac bien phap bao ve an ninh quoc gia.
Thie tu, to chiic bp may, trang bi phuong tien, dao tao can bp lam cong tac bao ve an ninh quoc gia; boi duang kien thiic bao ve an ninh quoc gia cho can bp chii chot ciia cac CO quan, to chiic; xay dung va to chiic thuc hien chuang trinh giao due ve bao ve an ninh quoc gia; xay dung va thuc hien che dp, chinh sach doi vai co quan, to chiic, ea nhan tham gia bao ve an ninh quoc gia.
Thii ndm, kiem tra, thanh tra, giai quyet khieu nai, to eao trong hoat dpng bao ve an ninh quoc gia.
Thii sdu, hop tac quoc te ve bao ve an ninh quoc gia.
Khia carih phap ly trong npi dung quan ly nha nuoc ve an ninh quoc gia duac nhan dien thong qua qua trinh ban hanh phap luat, to chiic thuc hien phap luat, kiem tra, thanh tra, giam sat viec thuc hien va cuoi eung la giai quyet khieu nai to cao trong hoat dpng bao ve an ninh quoc gia. De thuc hien thong nhat nhiing npi dung quan Iy nha nuac do, theo Dieu 30 Luat An ninh quoc gia, trach nhiem dupe trao cho cac thiet che sau: (1) Chinh phii thong nhat quan ly nha nuac ve bao ve an ninh quoc gia; (2) Bp Cong an chju trach nhiem truoc Chinh phii chii tri, phoi hap voi Bp Quoc phong, Bp Ngoai giao, cac bp, co quan ngang bp thuc hien quan ly nha nuoc ve bao ve an ninh quoc gia [5].
Ngoai trach nhiem gan voi cac co quan hanh phap thuc hien npi dung quan ly nha nuoc trong to ehiic thuc hien, giam sat phap
luat ve bao dam an ninli quoc gia nhu da de cap, CO quan lap phap ciing chju trach nhiem xay dung phap luat ve an ninh quoc gia, phe chudn cac dieu uac quoc te ve an ninh doi ngoai va ca quan tu phap chiu trach nhiem bao ve an ninh quoc gia thong qua hoat dpng xet xii cua minh.
3. Tac dpng cua hpi n h a p quoc tS va cuoc Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0 den quan Iy n h a nufrc ve an ninh quoc gia An ninh qudc gia c6 mdi lien he chat che voi an ninh toan eau va mdi quan he nay ludn mang tinh tuong tae vcri nhau. Trong bdi canh hpi nhap qudc te, mdi quan he nay trd nen nhay ben hon, anh hudng qua lai giua an ninh qudc gia va an ninh qudc te tro nen ro ret. Chinh vi vay, mot trong nhiing ndi dung quan ly nha nuoc ve an ninh qudc gia la hop tae qudc te.
Lien quan den van de an ninh, ve mat ly thuySt, CO su khac biet giiia hai khung khai niem an ninh qudc gia va an ninh toan cau nhung ranh giai do khdng du de duy tri su phan dinh ro rang giua cac khai niem nay, dac biet trong boi canh hdi nhap qudc te va cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0. Thuc te, hai khai niem nay gan bd chat che vdi nhau, khi qudc gia thieu kha nang xu ly don phuang, bao dam an ninh hoac khi van de an ninh toan cau can dua vao bp may an ninh quoc gia de giai quyet [15].
Trong qua trinh xay dung va phat trien, nhu cdu tuang tac voi cdng ddng qudc te trong pham vi song phuong, hay khu vuc, tren ndn tang cac dieu kien tucmg ddng hay hop tac toan cm la doi hdi tat yeu ddi vdi cac quoc gia noi ehung va Viet Nam noi
rieng [4]. DiSu 12 Hien phap Viet Nam nam 2013 neu ro quan diim, muc tieu, nguyen tdc va cac phuang thiic thuc hien chinh sach doi ngoai: "Nuac Cdng hoa xa hoi ehu nghia Viet Nam thuc hien nhat quan dudng loi ddi ngoai dpc lap, tu ehu, hda binh, huu nghi, hpp tac va phat triln; da phuong hda, da dang hda quan he, chii ddng va tieh cue hpi nhap, hop tac qudc t l tren co sd tdn trpng ddc lap, chii quyen va toan ven lanh thd, khdng can thiep vao edng viee npi bp cua nhau, binh ding, cung cd loi...". Hdi nhap qudc t l la mdt trong nhiing phuong thiic thuc hien dudng ldi ddi ngoai, theo duoi muc tieu dpc lap, tu chu, hpp tac hiiu nghi, bao dam an ninh qudc gia ciia Viet Nam.
N I U xae dinh miie dp hdi nhap qudc te can cii theo chieu hudng khdng gian gin vdi cac ylu to xa hdi vupt ra khoi khudn khd bien giai qudc gia [14], hdi nhap qudc t l se lam cho viec quan ly an ninh qudc gia trd nen thach thiie ban. Cac nii ro tii hpi nhap kinh t l qudc te eo the lam giam siic manh kinh te va su thong tri eua cdng nghe;
giam sir sang tao; su phu thupc Idn hon tOr ehuoi cung iing nude ngoai; nii ro xay ra ddi vdi CO sd ha tang va van de bao mat thdng tin [12].
Ben eanh nhiing nii ro tu hdi nhap qudc t l , su thay ddi dot pha mdt each he thong ciia cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 da tao nen ba thanh tuu co ban, bao gdm: cac sang tao ve vat chat (xe tu hanh, in 3D, robot tien tien, vat lieu mdi); ky thuat sd gin vdi ung dung vat chat mdi bing Intemet kit ndi van vat; dot pha trong Unh vuc sinh hpc - cdng nghe gen [2].
Trong tuong lai, thiet bj thdng minh dupe kit ndi va tuong tac vdi nhau, dua ra
quyet dinh ma khdng ed su tham gia ciia con ngudi. Vdi su ho trp ciia cac thiet bi thong minh, kha nang tiep can dii lieu se tang gap bdi... Cudi ciing, mang ludi cac thiet bi thdng minh duac ket ndi ky thuat sd vdi nhau, tao ra va chia se thdng tin, dan den siic manh thuc su cua nganh cdng nghiep 4.0 [11].
Dudi gdc dp khoa hpc cdng nghe, cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 tac ddng tich cue den quan ly nha nude ve an ninh qude gia nhu sau [5]:
i) Ket ndi cac thiet bi thdng minh nham tiep can va thu thap luong thdng tin khdng Id (tao CO hdi hien thuc hda quyen tiep can thdng tin cua ca nhan); tdi uu hda cac boat ddng td chiic, chi dao; huong dan boat dpng thu thap, phat hien, dieu tra, xu ly thdng tin, tai lieu, hanh vi lien quan den boat dpng xam pham an ninh qude gia; ehi dao, hudng dan thuc hien cac bien phap bao ve an ninh qudc gia.
Intemet ket ndi van vat trong Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 (vdi cac thiet bi ket ndi) cd the hd trp cac boat dpng npi bp cua cac chii the; sir dung mdi trudng dien toan dam may, noi luu trii dii lieu nham tan dujig nhiing thdng tin, tri thiic tir chu the khac;
md rpng gidi ban dii lieu ciia mdi chu the.
ii) Ung dung edng nghe moi, vat chat moi de tao cac thiet bi va phuang tien mdi, sii dung robot trong cae hoat ddng bao dam an ninh qudc phdng; ngan ngua va giam thieu tdn that, thucmg vong trong cac hoat dpng quan sir qude phdng, bao ve an ninh quoc gia. Cdng nghe in 3D tao co hdi che tao thiet bi thay the theo phuong phap "dip dan" (thay bang phuang phap "bdt din/gpt dan" nhu phuang phap tmyen thdng) dua
tren viec in tirng lop chong len nhau tii md binh 3 chieu va nang lugng tai tao tai cho se tao CO hpi cho viec san xuat tai cho cae thiet bi, vii khi qudc phdng trong bdi canh dia hinh hiem trd. Khdng gian dupe su dung vi muc dich hda binh cung cd thi dupe sii dung vi muc dich quan su (thdng qua cac thiet bj thdng tin dang boat ddng trong quy dao vi muc dich dan su). Cac thiet bi bay khdng ngudi lai, tau lugn sieu thanh, vu khi tu hanh, thiet hi deo ngudi, cdng nghe nano cGng cd the tae ddng Idn den an ninh qudc te [2].
iii) Tdi uu hda hau can va chudi cung ling [9]: chudi cung iing ket ndi cd the dieu chinh de phii hap vdi nhiing bien ddng thuc te qua cac chinh siia can thiet. Hay ndi each khae, hau can trong an ninh qudc gia ndi ehung vai chudi cung iing cd the dap iing, dieu chinh theo thuc te nham sap xep thii tu uu tien trong xii ly van de bao dam an ninh qude gia.
iv) Cdng nghe sinh hpc va cdng nghe gen cd the thay ddi kha nang sinh tdn cua con ngudi, tao ra ngudn nhan lire khde manh dap iing yeu eau bao dam an ninh qude gia.
Hdi nhap qudc te va cupc Cach mang edng nghiep 4.0 khdng chi tao ra nhiing tac ddng tich cue neu tren day, ma cdn nhieu tiem nang khac trong quan ly nha nude ve an ninh qude gia. Tuy nhien, boat dpng xay dung ngudn nhan luc, giai quyet khieu nai td cao trong bao dam an ninh qudc gia va thda thuan ciing nhu trien khai hpp tac qudc te ve bao ve an ninh qudc gia van can phai thuc hien theo phuang thiic tmyen thong trong mdt thdi gian dai.
4. Yeu cau thich u n g ve quan ly nha niroc doi vffi an ninh quoc gia trong boi canh hpi n h a p quoc te va cupc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0
The gidi lien kit va phu thupc lan nhau trong bdi canh hdi nhap va cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 se khdng cd chd diing cho thai dp thd a ciia bat cii qudc gia nao bdi ranh gidi giua an ninh qudc gia va toan cau khdng may rd rang. Tu dd, quan ly nha nude ddi vdi an ninh qudc gia can phai tinh den thue te hien huu ciing nhu phai dap iing cac yeu cau sau:
i) Dan chiing se nam giii thong tin, khai thac va tmyen tin tich cue, chu ddng ban;
kha nang hien thuc boa quyen tham gia quan ly nha nude eiia cdng dan se cao ban va quyen giam sat, phan bien cua ngudi dSn se tac ddng manh den quan ly nha nude ndi ehung va quan ly nha nude ve an ninh qude gia ndi rieng. Do dd, quan ly nha nude se trd nen khd khan hon va Chinh phii can tim ra nhiing phuong thiie quan ly an ninh qudc gia phii hpp vol thuc te dd.
ii) Vdi Intemet ket ndi van vat, ky thuat sd, vai trd cua cac chu the tu trong qua trinh quan ly nha nude bao dam an ninh qudc gia cung thay ddi. Thuc te cho thay, nhiing tap doan Idn nhu Microsoft boat ddng trong linh vuc dich vu cdng nghe luon phai ddi mat vdi viec tim ra va khac phuc Id hdng tren he dieu hanh Windows; loai tni nguy CO ngan ngiia tan cdng mang tu lihung tin tac [13] (vi du: nguy ca xuat hien tu viec ehiem quyen dieu khien may tinh ca nhan, thu thap thdng tin ngudi diing; thong qua giao dien dd hpa Windows tim ra loi nguy hiem thupc he ldi nhan, tii dd nhanh chdng tan cdng va chiem quyen kiem soat toan bp
he dieu hanh may tinh... [9]. Tir nhiing nghien eiiu iing dung do cua cac chu the tu, Chinh phii cd the hop tae, su dung kit qua nay de loai tni nhirng mdi de dpa ddi vdi quan ly nha nuac v l an ninh qudc gia (khi Chinh phii sir dung he dilu hanh phd bien Windows). Vay nen, c i n quan ly mdt each chii ddng va su dung edng nghe, khoa hpc de hda giai nhiing nii ro ed the xay ra doi vdi an ninh qudc gia. Trong mpt mang ludi an ninh ket ndi, md hinh bao dam "ngat mach" khi xuat hien nguy eo tan cdng mang eiia Chinh phii ed the dupe tinh tdi. He thdng bao ve nay co the duoc thiet lap dua vao chinh thanh tuu cua cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0.
iii) Ddi vai qude gia hay toan cau, hhan thiic ve vai trd lanh dao, nguyen tac quan l;y nha nude trong bao dam an ninh qudc gia, nhan thiic ve mdi quan he tuong tae giiia cac qude gia quyet dinh kha nang ehii dpng thieh ling vdi bdi carih an ninh mdi. Cin nhin nhan lai vai trd, ehiic nang, nhiem vu ciing nhu cac phuong thiic quan ly nha nude trong bao dam an ninh quoe gia. VI du: nguyen tae quan ly tren ca sd tdn trpng quyen cac ehu the; chu the tu dupe lam nhung gi phap luat cho phep hay lam nhiing gi phap luat khdng c i m ; xac dinh lai mdi quan he quyen luc giira chit thi quan ly vdi chu the bi quan ly... Trong bdi eanh viec sir dung cac kenh thdng tin qua mang xa hpi trd nen phd cap, tinh minh bach, trach nhiem giai trinh va su gin bd giiia Chinh phu vdi ngudi dan se gia tang dang ke. Vay nen, can tiep can va ap dung phuang thiic quan ly linh hoat. Nha nude can tao nen mot "he sinh thai quan ly va lap phap d l cd the san sinh nhiing khuon khd CO dan hem" [2].
iv) Hdi nhap quoc te va cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 tao ca hdi md rdng gidi han bp nhd ca nhan bang each tiep can dir lieu thdng tin khdng Id tren mdi tmdng cdng nghe. Kha nang thu thap va xir ly lupng Idn thdng tin vdi thdi gian ngan ed thi xam pham quyen rieng tu eua ea nhan, pha vd tinh bao mat thdng tin, dan den de dpa an ninh qude gia. Vay nen, viec bao dam quyen tiep can thdng tin can dupe tien hanh mpt each phii hpp; thiet ehe chiu trach nhiem phai cd dii nang luc thue hien chiic nang nay.
v) Intemet hd trp nguoi dimg khai thac thdng tin tir xa va gia tang quyen luc cua chii thi tu. Ly do bao dam an ninh qudc gia ed the gidi han quyen tiep can thdng tin trong pham vi luat dinh, nhung khdng the can trd quyen tu do tiep can thdng tin va boat ddng sang tao cua x§ hdi. Ngoai ra, cupc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 cd the tao ra su phan hda giua chu the hieu va kiem soat cdng nghe va nhirng ngudi it hieu biet ma ehi thu ddng sir dung cdng nghe [2, tr.l28]. Can nhan dien hien tugng mpt sd ca the bi bd lai phia sau trong qua trinh img dung edng nghe va nay sinh nhirng van de xa hpi mdi;
hien tupng mpt sd nhdm cd the bi ldi keo, bi tac ddng tham gia nhiing am muu tao bat dn xa hpi va an ninh qudc gia,
vi) Mang xa hpi la mdi trudng tuang tac tao tin va cung la mdi tmdng tmyen di nhiing thdng diep ldi keo, chia re, phat sinh xung dot xa hdi, gay han thu dan tde... anh hudng din an ninh chinh tri - xa hdi, an ninh qudc gia.
Cac phuang tien, each thiic de dpa an ninh qudc gia trd nen da dang va khd kiem soat.
Nhung cdng cu va phuong thiic quan ly cii khdng cdn thich hgp. Vay nen, "Chinh phii can phai la thanh phan cot yen trong viec djnh hinh qua trinh chuyen ddi sang eae khudn khd
khoa hpc, cdng nghe, kinh te va xa hdi mdi"
[2, tr. 118] va sir chuyen ddi do can phai dugc ap dung ddi vdi ea he thdng quan ly nha nude ve an ninh qude gia.
vii) Dua vao cdng nghe hd trg vdi kha nang phan tich thdng tin va thu thap thdng tin, mue tieu quan ly nha nude ve an ninh qudc gia can dua tren nen tang dung hda giua yeu cau quan ly nha nude va nhu can ca nhan, chap nhan sir da dang trong xa hdi;
n i m bat cac xu hudng, canh bao sdm nguy CO chia re, xung dot xa hdi; bao dam an ninh quoc gia gan vdi an ninh con ngudi.
viii) Trong tuong lai, tmdc nguy co tan cong mang, chien tranh mang, chien tranh tu hanh, sii dung cac vii khi mdi [2, tr.l48- 150] tren nen tang nhirng thiet bi cdng nghe, thiet bi thdng minh, Ipi dung dudng dan tmyen ket ndi dan sinh (nhu cac dudng tmyen dan thdng tin, nude sach, nang lugng tren dat lien, tren bien)... can cd sir hpp tac chat che giiia cac qude gia va cac td ehifc qudc te trong quan ly ve an ninh qudc gia, an ninh toan cau. Muc tieu cua sir hgp tac dd la nham nhan dien nguy co de dpa an ninh va xae lap cac nguyen tac, luat le kiem soat, xu ly theo phuang thiie phii hpp;
khong chi dua vao nang lire quan ly cua mpt qudc gia rieng re.
ix) Su dot pha trong cong nghe sinh hpc cd the dem lai ban qua khd kiem soat ve mat xa hdi ciing nhu vd hieu hda muc tieu each mang cdng nghiep (phuc vu con ngudi, bao dam an ninh con ngudi). Chang ban, cdng nghe chinh sira gen md ra hudng dieu tri day hiia hen ddi vdi mdt sd can benh di tmyen nhung ciing dac biet gay tranh cai ve cac nguy co [4], chang han nhu kha nang tao the he mdi vdi ngudn gen khdng nguyen goc. Vi thi, cac nghien ciiu phai dugc kilm soat bdi luat phap va dua
tren nhirng gia tri xa hdi, dao dirc cdt loi.
Ngoai cong nghe chinh sira gen, vice iing dung cac thiit bi c i y ghep tren con ngudi, su dung chip dac biet cd the pha va quyen rieng tu, thay t h i d i n cac thdi quen, sd thich va can thiep vao nhu cau cua mdi ca nhan, gay khd khan ddi vdi each thiic quan ly nha nude trong bao dam an ninh con ngudi, an ninh qude gia. Bdi vay, cac iing dung cdng nghe sinh hpc phai dupe kiem soat theo nguyen t i c khdng xam pham deri an ninh ca nhan, an ninh qudc gia. Van de nay ciing cin dugc cac qudc gia thda thuan n h i m thiic day sang tao nhung khong pha vd cac gia tri tu nhien cua nhan loai.
5. Ket luan
Hdi nhap quoc te va cupc Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0 mang lai nhieu co hdi nhung Cling dat ra khdng it thach thicc ddi vdi an ninh quoe gia va quan ly an ninh qudc gia.
Sir ket ndi giira an ninh qudc gia va toan cau trd nen rat quan trpng. Do dd, cac qude gia, trong do cd Viet Nam, khdng chi quan ly an ninh qudc gia rieng re ma can su hgp tac chat che vdi cpng ddng qudc te.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] H6i nghi thuang dinh ASEAN - Trung Quoc (2002), Tuyen bo ehung ASEAN - Trung Quoc ve hap tdc tren linh vice an mnh phi truyen thong, Campuehia.
[2] Klaus Schwab (2018), Cdch mgng cong nghiep lan thie tu, Nxb Chi'nh tri quoc gia. H i Noi.
[3] Chu Van Loc, Le Thanh Hai (2014), "Quan ly nha nu6c ve q\i6c phong - an ninii trong
thoi ky mcri". Tap chi Cong sdn dien tic, ngay 10/12.
[4] Minh Nguyet (2018), WHO se thdnh lap Vy ban nghien cini chinh sica gen nguai. Ban tin Thai sir, Dai Tniygn hinh Viet Nam.
[5] Qu6c hoi nuac Cong hoa xa hoi chii nghia Viet Nam (2004), Luat An ninh qu6c gia, so 32/2004/QHIl.
[6] Le Mai Thanh (2017), "An ninh hang hai bien Dong va hop tac qu6c tfe trong bao dam an ninh hang hai". Tap chf Nhd nuac vd Phdp luat, so 1,
[7] Le Mai Thanh, Nguy6n Tian Dure (2018),
"Thuc hien chinh sach doi ngoai theo Dieu 12 HiSn phap 2013", Hoi thao: 5 ndm thi hdnh Hien phdp 2013- Thdnh tint vd nhiing vdn de dat ra, Vien Nha nuoc va Phdp luat.
[8] Samuel M. Makinda, "Sovereignty and Global Security", Security Dialogue, Vol. 29, No.
3, Sage Publications, Ltd.
[9] http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/cong-nghe/bao-mat/
microsoft-ghi-danh- truy cap ngay 3/1/2019.
[10] 2-nhan-vien-viettel-vao-top-lOO-cao-thu-bao- mat-the-gioi-490464.html, truy cap ngay 3/1/2019.
[11] https://www.forbes.com/sites/bemardmarr/
2018/09/02/what-is-industry-4-0-heres-a- super-easy-explanation-for-anyone/#7575 bed29788, truy cap ngay 3/1/2019, [12] https://www.csis.org/analysis/globalization-
and-nadonal-security, truy cap ngay 3/1/2019.
[13] httpsV/www.onmsft.com/news/microsoft- recognizes-top-contributors-to-security- research-at-blackhat-2018, truy cap ngiy 3/1/2019.
[14] https://www.oecd.org/about/publishing/
41531703.pdf. truy cap ngay 3/1/2019.
[15] https://unchronicle.un.org/article/national- security-versus-global-security, truy cEip ngay 20/11/2018.
