Giao due dai hoc Viet Nam trong b6i canh cuoc Cach mang cong nghiep lan thii- tu*
Liru Van An
Hoc vien Bao chf va Tuyen truyen.
Email: [email protected]
Nhan ngay 21 thang 5 nam 2019. Chap nhan ding ngay 15 th^ng 7 nam20l9.
Tom tat: Cuoc Cach mang cong nghiep lan thir tu (CMCN 4.0) dang tac dgng manh me den moi ITnh vyc ciia ddi song xa hoi, trong do co giao due dai hpc. Vdi chirc nang dao tao nguon nhan luc chat lugng cao, dap iing yeu cau ciia thi trucmg lao dong trong thdi dai khoa hoc - cong nghe lien tien, kinh te tri thuc, xa hpi dan chu, giao due dai hpc Viet Nam phai ddi mdi manh me, tii mo hinh dao tao, chuong trinh dao tao, phuong thiic dao tao va dpi ngu giang vien.
Tir khoa: Giao due dai hgc, Cach mang c6ng nghiep 4.0, Viet Nam.
Phan Ioai nganh: Chinh trj hpc
Abstract: The Fourth Industrial Revolution is exerting strong impact on all areas of life, including higher education. Having the function of training high quality human resources, meeting the requirements of the labour market in the era of advanced science and technology, knowledge-based economy, and democratic society, Vietnam's higher education sector must strongly renovate in sections ranging from the training model, curricula and methods to the pool of teachers.
Keywords: Higher education. Industrial Revolution 4.0, Vietnam.
Subject classiflcation: Politics
1. M d dau
Lich sir loai ngudi da trai qua 4 eudc CMCN. Cude CMCN lin thu nhat gin vdi su ra ddi may hoi nudc (vao dau the ky XVIII); Cude CMCN lin thii hai gin vdi sy ra ddi cua dien (vao cudi the ky XIX dau the ky XX); Cupc CMCN lin thii ba gin
vdi su ra ddi may tinh (thap ky I960); va Cude CMCN lin thii tu gin vdi su tich hop cua nhidu cdng nghd ma chu ydu la cong nghd thdng tin, cdng nghe sinh hgc va fri tue nhan tao. Tliuat ngu CMCN 4.0 lin diu tidn dugc ndi den d Diic nam 2011, den nay da dugc su dung rgng rai, bing nhidu thii tidng trdn the gidi. Thanh tuu ma cac cuoc
Luu Van An CMCN mang lai rit to ldn, thiic day manh
me sy phat tridn cua xa hdi loai ngudi. Vdi nhiing tidn bg khoa hgc - cdng nghe, may mdc thay the dan siie lao dpng cua con ngudi, hlnh thanh cac md hinh san xuat, kinh doanh mdi, nang suat lao ddng ngay cang cao, san lugng ciia eai vat chat dugc tao ra ngay cang nhieu. Nhd do, cude sdng cua loai ngudi ngay cang dugc cai thien;
kha nang tu duy, each sdng va phuang phap quan ly xa hpi cung thay ddi theo hudng ngay cang khoa hpe ban. Tir gan 200 nam trudc, C.Mac tung dy doan ve vai trd to ldn cua khoa hgc - cdng nghe, coi su phat trien tri thirc la dae trung ldn nhat cua cac cuge each mang cdng nghd. Cac nha nghien cuu cho rang, tat ca cac yeu td cua CMCN 4.0, tir phat trien tri thiic, tien bd ky thuat, nang suat lao dgng, lugng cua cai tao ra, ddn cac bien ddi ve cau tnic cua ndn hanh chi'nh - the che, quan ly - quan tri ddu cd su phat trien vdi tde dd theo cap sd nhan. Theo do, mpt qudc gia mudn phat trien nhanh, theo kip tde dp cua cac nudc tidn tidn thi phai xay dyng duge chien luge thyc hidn CMCN 4.0.
CMCN 4.0 la sy gan ket gifta cac ndn cdng nghe, lam xda di ranh gidi giua thd gidi vat the, the gidi sd hda va the gidi sinh hpc. Dd la cac cdng nghe internet van vat, tri tue nhan tao, ngudi may, xe tu lai, in ba ciiieu, may tinh sieu thdng minh, cdng xudng thdng minh, cdng nghe nano, cdng nghd sinh hgc... Day la cupc each mang vd san xuat thdng minh dya tren cac thanh tuu dot pha trong cac ITnh vyc cdng nghe khac nhau vdi ndn tang la cac dot pha cua cdng nghd sd. Trung tam ciia CMCN 4.0 la cdng nghe thdng tin va intemet kdt ndi van vat (loT), khdng chi gidp con ngudi giao tidp
vdi nhau, ma cdn la con ngudi giao tiep vdi may, vdi dd vat; va dd vat giao tidp vdi nhau. Nd tac ddng manh me den tit ca cac nganh cdng nghiep, tao ra cac san phim va dich vu cho phep xa hpi loai ngudi cd eudc sdng ngay cang diy du, phon vinh han.
Ddng thdi, nd ciing tiem an nguy ca dan den bat binh dang, that nghiep khi cdng nghd mdi se dan thay thd siic lao dpng cua con ngudi. CMCN 4.0 tao ra sy phat frien vdi tde dp theo cap sd nhan, tu cac ydu td, nhu tri thiie, tien bd ky thuat, nang suat lao ddng, lugng cua eai tao ra, cho ddn cac bidn ddi ve cau tnic ciia ndn hanh chmh - thd che, quan ly - quan tn. Nd se tao ra sy thay ddi manh me ve phan bd ngudn Iuc san xuat, each thiie san xuat va tieu diing nhd vao sy phat tridn manh me eiia khoa hgc cdng nghd. Nen san xuat "ty dgng" dae trung cua CMCN lan thu 3 se sdm chuyen sang nen san xuat "thdng minh", trong do cac may mdc dugc kdt ndi internet va lien kdt vdi nhau qua mdt he thdng ed the tu van hanh toan bp qua trinh san xuat theo mgt ke hoach da dugc xac lap tu trudc. Lan sdng cdng nghe mdi vdi san xuat thdng minh se giiip edng nghe phat tridn va keo theo nang suit tang cao. Nhung de cd the ap dung duge san xuit "thdng minh" vao thye tien thi khdng thd thieu ngudn nhan lyc chat lugng cao. Vi vay, mdt qudc gia mudn phat tridn nhanh va bdn viing thi phai xay dyng chien luge dd thyc hien, dac bidt la giao due va dao tao. Nhiem vy dat ra ddi vdi nganh giao due nudc ta la phai cd dinh hudng cy thd dd thich ling vdi thdi dai mdi, dd dao tao ra ngudn nhan lyc chat lugng eao, dap ftng ydu ciu ddi hdi cua thi trudng lao ddng hidn dai. Bai viet phan tich tac ddng eiia cuoc Cach mang edng nghidp 4.0 tdi giao
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Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, so 8-2019 dye dai hgc Viet Nam; ra dinh hudng giao due dai hgc Viet Nam trong bdi canh cude CMCN 4.0.
2. Tac dong ciia cuoc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 toi giao due dai hgc Viet Nam Trong xa hdi hien dai, giao dye dai hpe Viet Nam cd 4 ehiie nang chi'nh: dap iing nhu eau ve kidn thiic cua ca nhan de cd dieu kien phue vy cho xa hdi; cung cap cho xa hdi mgt lyc lugng lao ddng cd trinh dp chuydn mdn cao; khai hda xa hdi, hudng dan du Iuan, gdp y vd dudng ldi va chinh sach Clia Dang va Nha nudc; thu thap hay sang tao ra kien thuc qua nghien ciiu va ehuyen giao kidn thiic cho xa hdi [5]. Tdm lai, trudng dai hgc la nai sang tao, chuyen giao tri thiie, bao tdn va phat tridn van hda, dao tao ngudn nhan lyc cao eho xa hgi; noi day sinh vidn biet tu duy khoa hge, biet phan bien, ham hieu bidt, ludn kham pha va chinh phuc tri thuc mdi.
Tac ddng cua eudc CMCN 4.0 tdi giao due dai hpc la rat ldn, vua tao ra ca hdi nhung ciing dat ra nhidu thach thiie:
Thu nhdt, CMCN 4.0 dgt ra nhu cdu ddo tgo eho cdc tru&ng dgi hgc. Trude het, nd ddi hdi phai cd ngudn nhan lyc chat lugng cao, dap ling duge cac yeu eau vd kidn thiic, ky nang va pham chat, vdn lien tyc thay doi trong mdi trudng lao ddng mdi.
D^y la ydu cau cap bach dat ra cho nen giao due, nhit la giao due dai hgc. Cae trudng phai chuydn nhanh tir trang hi kien thiie sang chu trpng phat trien nang lyc, thue day ddi mdi va sang tao cho ngudi hgc. Se ra ddi cac md hinh hgc tap mdi eung sy phat tridn eua khoa hgc - edng nghe, thay thd dan cac phuong phap day - hpc truyen thdng.
Trong mgi ITnh vyc, nganh nghd, nhiing budc di cd ti'nh dot pha ve cdng nghd moi nhu tn' thdng minh nhan tao, robot, mang intemet, phuong tien ddc lap, in 3D, cdng nghd nano, cdng nghe sinh hpe, khoa hgc ve vat lieu, luu trft nang lugng va tin hgc lugng tir se cdn tac ddng manh me hon tdi ddi sdng xa hdi. Danh muc nganh nghd dao tao se phai didu chinh, cap nhat lien tuc vl ranh gidi gifta cac linh vyc rat mdng manh, hang loat nganh, chuydn nganh cu se mat di va thay vao do la co hdi eho sy phat trien eua nhftng nganh, chuyen nganh dao tao mdi. Thi trudng lao ddng se cd sy phan hda rd net gifta nhdm lao dgng cd trinh do thap va nhdm lao dgng cd trinh do cao. Cae nha nghidn ciiu chi ra rang, CMCN 4.0 khdng chi de dga tdi vide lam cua nhiing lao ddng trinh do thap, ma ngay ca lao dgng cd ky nang bae tmng cung se hi anh hudng ndu hp khdng dugc trang bi kidn thuc mdi - ky nang sang tao cho nen kinh te 4.0. CMCN 4.0 khdng chi tao ra ca hdi dao tao lan dau cho gidi tre, ma con ddi hdi nhiing ngudi da di lam, tu edng nhan ddn ky su phai thay ddi, cap nhat kidn thiic, ky nang d miic do cao han. Theo eae nha phan ti'eh, nam 2020, nudc ta se can mgt tridu can bd cdng nghe thdng tin, tuy nhien hidn nay chting ta mdi cd 300 nghin. Day la thach thue, nhung ciing la eo hdi cho cac trudng dai hpc.
Thu hai, CMCN 4.0 ldm thay ddi mgi hogt ddng trong cdc trudng dgi hgc. Dd dap ling dli nhan luc cho ndn kinh td sang tao, ddi hdi phai thay ddi cac boat dpng dao tao, tu ddi mdi chuang trinh, phuang phap giang d^y, quan ly sinh vien, kiem tra, danh gia chuin diu ra, vdi su ung dyng manh me cdng nghd thdng tin. Vdi sy van dung nhftng thanh tyu cua cdng nghe, ngudi hoc d bat cii dau deu cd thd tmy cap vao thu
vidn ciia nha tmdng dd ty hpc, tu nghidn cftu. Nhu vay, khdng thd chi tdn tai md hinh thu vien tmyen thdng, ma cac tmdng phai xay dyng duge thu vien didn tir. Md hinh giang day cung phai thay ddi, nhu dao tao true tuydn khdng can ldp hpc, khdng can giang vien diing ldp, ngudi hgc se duge hudng dan hpc qua mang internet. Nhirng ldp hpc ao, thay giao ao, thidt bi ao ed ti'nh md phdng, bai giang dugc sd hda va chia se qua nhirng nen tang nhu Faeebook, YouTube, Grab, Uber... se trd thanh xu thd phat trien trong boat ddng dao tao dai hpc thdi gian tdi. Khi do, kidn thuc kbdng thd bo hep va dpc quydn bdi mgt ngudi hay trong mdt pham vi td ehue nao dd. Sinh vidn cd nhieu co hdi de tiep can, tfch liiy, chat lpc cai mdi, cai hay dd trd thanh cdng dan toan cau - ngudi lao ddng tuang lai cd kha nang lam vide trong mdi trudng sang tao va cd tfnh canh tranh. Phan thudng ddi vdi sinh vien khdng cdn la bang cap trdn giay td nfta, ma la bang cap theo nghia md rpng, la trao ddi tri thue, sang tao, nhftng gia tri ddng gdp cho xa hdi. Khi dd, td chuc, doanh nghidp tuydn dung ngudi lam dugc vide chii khdng can ngudi cd van bang cao. Nhu vay, eac tmdng dai hgc se phai chuyen ddi manh me sang md hinh chi dao tao "nhung gi thi tmdng can", nhung npi dung cua cac mdn hgc c a ban se phai dugc nit ngan va thay thd vao do la nhftng npi dung can thidt de dap iing nhu cau cua thi tmdng va giiip ngudi hge thye hidn dugc phuang cham "hgc tap sudt ddi".
Theo md hinh mdi nay, vide gan kdt gifta c a sd dao tao vdi td chuc, doanh nghiep la ydu cau tat ydu de bd sung cho nhau, hinh thanh cac CO sd dao tao trong doanh nghidp dd phan ehia cac ngudn luc chung, lam cho eac ngudn lye dugc su dung vdi hieu qua cao.
Didu nay se tac ddng den viec bd fri can bd quan ly, phuc vy va dpi ngu giang vidn ciia cac tmdng dai hgc. Khi dd, tit ca cac du lieu Clia ngudi hgc tft ma sd, didm so, thdng tin ea nhan... deu dugc sd hda tai mgt noi luu tru. Trong nhieu trudng hgp, ngudi day chi can dua tai lieu Idn "may" (cloud), tat ca mgi ngudi tranh luan trdn "may" ma van dam bao dugc sy ridng tu, hidu qua va tinh ddng bg. Tmdc tbyc te nay, neu cae tmdng khdng thay ddi md hinh dao tao thi se bi lac hau, se khdng cd ngudi hgc. Doanh nghidp ndi ridng va thi tmdng ndi chung cd nhu cau nhu thd nao, thi ngudi hpc se cang hudng tdi tim hpc nhung noi dap ling dugc nhu cau dd. Day thyc sy la mpt thach thiic vi hau nhu eac trudng hidn nay mdi chi dirng lai d miic dp giang vidn giang day bang may ehieu, video, ehia se tai lieu trdn mang. Kinh phf eo hep cftng la mpt trong nhung diem chi'nh khien cac img dung khoa hpc - edng nghe chua phat tridn manh trong cac tmdng dai hgc.
Trong mdi tmdng CMCN 4.0, mdi sinh vidn cd nhu cau va nang lyc hgc tap khac nhau se duge thiet ke tidn do hpc tap rieng bidt, phu hgp vdi timg ngudi. Cac phan mdm dao tao se thay thd tung phan hoac toan bg lugng kien thiic eiia giao trinh khi hgc tren ldp. Thay vl tap tmng eung cip cho ngudi hge eac kidn thuc, ky nang, md hinh giang day mdi chu yeu hudng dan sinh vidn each ty hpc, each tu duy va xii ly cac tinh hudng trong cude sdng, qua do hinh thanh nang lyc tidp can va giai quydt van dd.
Ddi vdi dpi ngu giang vien, he thdng quan ly nha tmdng cd sy ho trg cua cdng nghd se eung cip he thdng dft lieu giup hp theo ddi dien bidn, sy tien bd cua mdi sinh vidn, kip thdi giai quydt nhirng van de nay
Khoa hpc xa hgi Viel Nam, so 8 - 2019 sinh trong qua trinh hoc tap cua lop hpc. Do do, giang vien can phai no lire hoc tap, nghien ciiu ih co thS tan dung va lam chu cong nghe, ih nhttng cong cu nay h6 trg va tao ra su tir do, sang tao trong cong tac dao tao.
Tmoc nhttng doi hoi cua thj truang lao dong ngay cang cao, de phii hgp voi moi truang san xujt moi, cac hoat dgng dao t | o cua cac truong dai hpc cang phai dugc gan ket vai to chijc, doanh nghiep nhara nit ngSn khoang each gitta dao tao, nghien cuu va trien khai. Cac doanh nghiep thara gia dao tao ih co ngudn nhan lure phii hgp voi cong nghe va to chiic cua minh, doanh nghiep phai thuc su la "canh tay noi dai"
cua trtrcmg dai hgc nham stt dung co hieu qua trang thiit bi va cong nghe cua doanh nghiep phuc vu cho cong tac dao tao, thong qua do hlnh thanh nang luc nghe nghiep cho nguoi hgc.
3. HiroTig giao due dai lioc Viet Nam trong boi canli cuoc Cacli mang cong nghiep 4.0
Xac dinh ro nhung thach thiic dang dat ra d6i voi nganh giao due va dao tao. Dang ta nhdn manh quan dilm: "Chuyen manh qua trinh giao due ttt chu yha trang bi kien thuc sang phat triln toan dien nang luc va pham ch& nguai hpc. Hgc di doi voi hanh; ly luan gin vai thuc tiln; giao due nha truang ket hgp vai giao due gia dinh va giao due xa hgi"[3]. Phai xay dvmg nen giao due raa, thtrc hgc, thuc nghiep, day tot, hgc tot, quan ly t6t; cd co cku va phuong thuc giao due hgp ly, gin voi xay dirng xa hgi hpc tap;
dam bao eac dieu kien nang cao chat lupng;
chuan hoa, hien dai hda, dan chu hda, xa
hpi hda va hSi nhap qu6c tS; giQ vung dinh hudng xa hgi ehu nghTa (XHCN) va ban sac dan tgc. Phjn ddu dSn nam 2030, nhn giao due Viet Nam dat trinh do tien tiln trong khu vuc.
D6i vdi giao due dai hpc, phai tap trung dao tao nhan luc trinh do cao, bdi dudng nhan tai, phat trien pham chat va nang Ittc tu hpe, tu lam giiiu tri thttc, sang tao. Hoan thien mang Ittdi cac c a sd giao due dai hgc, CO cau nganh nghe va trinh do dao tao phu hgp vdi quy hoach phat trien nhan lire quoc gia; trong dd, cd mgt sd traong va nganh dao tao phai ngang tam khu virc va qudc te.
Da dang hda cac c a sd dao tao phu hgp vai nhu elu phat trien eong nghe va cac linh virc, nganh nghe; dap ling yeu cau xay dung, bao ve Td qudc va hpi nhap qudc te.
Thue hien chu traong dd, cac tradng dai hgc can phai ddi radi thtrc su va nhanh chdng, trade het la ddi mdi hoat dgng quan ly cita nha trudng va dpi ngfi giang vien.
3.1. Doi voi cdc ca quan quan ly gido due Ddi mdi can ban cdng tae quan ly nha tmong, ban hanh eac quy che, quy dinh bao dam dan chu, thdng nhat, tang quyin ttr chii va trach nhiem xa hdi cua eac tradng dai hpc, coi trgng quan ly chit lugng. Chuan hda cac dieu kien dam bao chit lugng va quan Iji qua trinh dao tao; ehii trgng quan Ij chat lugng diu ra; xay dung he thdng kilm dinh ddc lap ve chat lupng giao due, dao tao. Giao quyen tu ehu, tu chiu traeh nhiem eho cac tradng dai hgc, phat huy vai trd ctia Hdi ddng tmdng; tang cudng kilm tra, giam sat, thanh tra ea quan quan ly cac cip- bao dam dan chu, cong khai, minh bach.
Day manh xa hdi hda giao due, khuyin khi'ch lien ket vdi cac co sd dai hgc nudc
Lim Van An ngoai cd uy tfn; nSng cao hidu qua hgp tac
qudc td trong giao due dai hgc. Cd co chd khuyen khich cae td chiic qudc te, ca nhan, ngudi nude ngoai tham gia dao tao dai hgc, nghien ciiu, iing dung, ehuyen giao edng ngh^ d Viet Nam.
3.2. Ddi v&i lanh dgo cdc trucmg Cae tmdng dai hgc can chuydn md hinh dao tao tir truydn thy kidn thiic sang hlnh Ihanh phim chat va phat tridn nang lyc ngudi hgc;
tir dao tao chu ydu theo sd lugng sang nang cao ca sd lugng, chat lugng va hieu qua; tu chi chii trpng tmydn dat kien thiic sang kdt hgp ba muc tidu: kidn thiic, ky nang va thai dp dd phat huy tdt nhat tidm nang ca nhan.
Doi vdi sinh vien, can chuyen tu hpc thudc, nhd nhidu sang hinh thanh nang lyc van dung, thieh nghi, giai quydt van dd, xu ly tinh hudng, ren luyen tu duy. Hge khdng chi trong giao trinh, sach vd, ma ea trong thyc hanh, thuc td kinh te - xa hdi, thdng qua trd choi, lidn he tuang tac, dy an; hgc la cdng vide thudng xuydn, lien tuc va hge ca ddi.
Chuong trinh dao tao can xac djnh cu the cac chuan dau ra, pham chat ehung va nang iuc chuydn mdn; phai nhanh chdng ddi mdi tir khau tuyen sinh den khau danh gia, kiem dinh chat lugng giao due. Mue tidu dao tao phai hudng tdi sinh vien ra tmdng ed nang lyc tu duy va sang tao, ddi mdi, cd ky nang phan tfch va tdng hgp thdng tin, cd kha nang Iam vide ddc lap va ra quyet djnh dya tren ca sd phan tfch eac du lieu. Tmdng dai hpc phai la noi dan dat tu duy va tao ddng lyc eho sinh vien khdi nghidp, ket ndi vdi thi tmdng va doanh nghiep.
Nhu vay, giao due dai hge phai tap tmng vao phat tridn pham chat va nang lyc eiia
ngudi hge thdng qua vide dinh hudng cac con dudng phu hgp nhit cho cac nhdm sinh vien khac nhau dd giup hg phat huy dugc liem nang ciia mdi ca nhan. Thuong hidu cua mpt tmdng dai hpc khdng ehi dugc danh gia thdng qua ty le sinh vien tdt nghidp cd vide lam, vi trf tren bang xdp hang qude gia, qude te, ma edn la su phat trien ben viing eua sinh vidn, kha nang thfch ling vdi mdi trudng lam vide mdi, nang lyc ddi mdi va sang tao trong qua trinh boat ddng chuydn mdn. Dd dap iing ydu eau do, cac trudng dai hpc can cd nhidu chuang trinh, ca dao tao va bdi dudng danh cho eac ddi tugng khac nhau, nhat la cyu sinh vidn, giiip hg quay trd lai tmdng dd cap nhat tri thiic mdi, tidp tuc bd sung, hoan thien chi'nh minh. NghTa la cac trudng phai la noi hd trg sinh vien hgc tap sudt ddi; phai thudng xuyen ddi mdi.
Co bidn phap ddng vien, va ydu eau bat bugc can bp, giang vien hpc ngoai ngft, nhat la tieng Anh; tang cudng ung dung cdng nghd thdng tin trong qua tnnh day - hpe va quan tri nha tmdng. Trong bdi canh loan eau hda va hdi nhap qudc td sau rgng nhu hidn nay, ngoai ngu, nhat la tieng Anh la chia khda de md rdng, cap nhat tri thuc nhan loai. Khdng gidi ngoai ngft, khdng the dat thanh tyu vd khoa hpe cdng nghd. Ndn irng dyng cdng nghe tien tidn trong giang day ngoai ngu, vdi he thdng hpc lieu didn tu phit hgp mgi ddi tugng dd ngudi hgc cd thd hgc ngoai ngft mgi liie, mgi noi, bang mgi phuang tidn, dac biet trong phat tridn ky nang nghe va ky nang ndi. Kien tao mdi tmdng hge ngoai ngu trong nha tmdng, gia dinh va xa hdi dd mgi ngudi cung nhau hgc ngoai ngft. Tao didu kidn cho ngudi hgc tidp can ky thuat sd va cdng nghd de dd
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Khoa hpc xa hoi Viet Nam, so 8 - 2019 dang tidp thu thanh tuu mdi vd khoa hge - cdng nghd cua the gidi.
Phai xay dyng cac tmdng dai hpc thanh cac tmng tam nghien cim va chuyen giao cdng nghe. Cac tmdng dai hgc can the hidn vai trd tidn phong ciia minh trong viee thyc hien sii mdnh nghien ciiu khoa hpc - cdng nghd; la be dd thiie day sang tao, cung cap mdt be phdng cho gidi tre va cac cdng ty khdi nghiep, gift nhip phat trien eho cac nganh edng nghiep. Cac tmdng dai hge cung can ddn dau xu hudng la thdi gian dao tao ngudi lao dpng tnnh dp cao se khdng chi gidi ban trong thdi gian ngan, ma la trong sudt eudc ddi lao ddng eua hg, khi ngudi hpc tidp tuc quay trd lai dd cd them kidn thuc va ky nang sau khi tdt nghiep.
3.3. Ddi v&i ddi ngU gidng viin Theo phuong phap giao due tmydn thdng, ngudi thay tmyen tai tri thiic, thdng tin eho sinh vidn, hien nay cac trang mang trdn intemet dang dan thay thd vai trd do, eung cap thdng tin mdt each nhanh chdng, tien lgi va midn phf. Sinh vien khdng cdn bi gidi ban trong bdn buc tudng phdng hpc ma cd didu kien hpc mpi liie mpi noi, md rdng ra pham vi toan eau. Van dd dat ra la, khi cdng nghd hd trg tdi da muc tieu kidn thuc va ky nang, nhung khdng thd thay thd ngudi thay tmyen tai, truydn cam hiing cho sinh vidn vd thai do sdng va lam viec, thieh img vdi mgi thay ddi, vd tfnh hgp tac va nang lyc sang tao. Hien nay, nang lyc va thai do ed vai trd quyet dinh trong muc tieu dao tao Clia cac Nha tmdng. Kidn thuc khdng chi dugc tidp nhan thdng qua giao tnnh, tai lieu tham khao, tren Idp, ma dugc bd sung, ddi mdi va nhan ldn timg gid timg phut, sinh vien cd the dd dang hge tap, nhung phai qua
ddi thoai, lam vide nhdm, phan bidn van de, ngudi thiy se ki'ch thfch nang luc tu duy, niem dam me nghien cuu va kham pha cai mdi trong sinh vien.
Cae hinh thuc hgc online, hgc tryc tuydn ddi hdi ngudi thiy khdng phai truyen thy kidn thuc nfta, ma phai la ngudi hudng dan, didu phdi tao ra mdi tmdng hgc tap eho sinh vidn; khdng phai giang bai ma tap tmng giiip sinh vidn djnh hudng viee hge.
Ngudi giang vidn khdng chi phai gidi ve chuydn mdn, san sang giai dap cau hdi ciia sinh vien, ma con phai cd ban lmh, thudng xuyen nang eao nang lyc thfch ung vdi hoan canh mdi, nhat la kjp thdi ddi mdi phuong phap day hgc, tdi da hda ling dung cdng nghe thdng tin, phuong tidn trye quan vao qua trinh day hgc.
Vi vay, vai trd cua giang vidn thay ddi manh me. Dd dap iing ydu ciu CMCN 4.0, dgi ngii giang vien can phai dugc bdi dudng, nang cao trinh dp nang lyc bing nhftng bidn phap nhu: tap huin sir dung cdng nghd phuc vu day hgc, ung dung eac hinh thuc tidn tien, md hinh true tuydn vao cdng tac bdi dudng giang vidn, diy manh cdng tac nghien cuu khoa hpc, bdi dudng theo hudng nghidn ciru va nang cao tnnh do ngoai ngft. Cu thd:
Mgt Id, ndng cao ndng lue chuyen mdn.
Phai bdi duong cho giang vien nim bit dugc va tham gia cac hinh thiic dao tao tidn tidn, dao tao true tuydn, dao tao tu'xa dd vua nang cao trinh dp ehuyen mdn, vira tidp can cae md hinh day hpc mdi, qua dd giup hg bd sung kidn thuc chuydn mdn, da dang hda cae hinh thiic giang day. Trong thdi gian tdi, cae mo hinh giang day tmc tuydn se dugc ung dung trong dao tao dai hpc nhu E-leaming (md hinh he thdng quan'l^
qua mang); B-leaming (mo hinh day hgc
kdt hgp hoc tap trdn ldp va hgc hop tac qua mang va tu hgc); hgi thao tmydn hinh (nhidu ngudi hgi thao tu xa, thdng qua truydn hinh ttao ddi, giao tiep vdi nhau).
Trong thdi dai hien nay, can nhan rdng md hinh lidn ket gifta nha tmdng - nha quan 1^ - nha doanh nghidp, tao didu kidn eho giang vien, sinh vien ddi mdi, sang tao, gan ly luan vdi thyc tien.
Hai la. ndng cao ndng lue su dung cdc thiit bi, phuong tiin hien dgi trong gidng dgy. Dd la nang lyc quan Iy tai nguydn, dft lieu fren intemet, sir dung thanh thao cac phuong tien cdng nghe mdi phuc vu qua trinh day hgc. Vi vay, ddi ngii giang vien phai thudng xuyen dugc hgc tap, bdi dudng vd tin hpc, phuong phap sir dung cdng nghe thong tin, dd chu dgng hudng dan sinh vidn cap nhat kien thirc va edng nghe.
Ba Id, day mgnh cdng tac boi dudng ndng luc nghien ciru khoa hgc. Kdt qua nghidn ciiu khoa hgc duge ap dyng dau tidn va tmdc het vao cdng tae giang day. Khi do, npi dung bai giang mdi cd chieu sau, tao didu kidn de giang vien iing dyng cac phuang phap giang day hidn dai. Thdng qua nghien ciiu khoa hgc, nang lyc tu duy eua giang vien dugc ren luyen va tang cudng.
4. Ket luan
Trudng dai hge trong thdi dai cude CMCN 4.0 khdng chi la noi dao tao, nghidn ciiu khoa hpc, ma cdn la tmng tam ddi mdi sang tgo, thiic day tinh than khdi nghiep trong sinh vidn, nang cao nang suat lao dgng nham dap iing nhu ciu phat tridn cua dat nudc. Hidn nay, sd lugng sinh vien Viet Nam ra nudc ngoai hgc tap ngay cang tang, dang dat ra thach thiic ldn ddi vdi cac tmdng dai hgc trong nudc. Vi vay, eac
tmdng phai xay dung chidn luge phat fridn thieh ling vdi thdi ky mdi, manh dan ddi mdi cdng tac dao tao, tir ddi mdi chuong trinh, ddi mdi phuang phap giang day ddn xay dyng dpi ngu giang vidn, ddi mdi cdng tac quan tri nha nudc theo nhimg tieu ehi mdi - khoa hge va hien dai. Cd nhu vay, eac trudng dai hge nudc ta mdi theo kjp cac trudng tidn tidn tren thd gidi va khu vuc, va dap ling dugc nhiing ydu eSu cua thdi dai cuoc CMCN 4.0.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Nguyen Phan Anh (2018), "Cach mang c6ng nghiip 4.0 v^ yeu ciu dii vdi he thing gido due Vilt Nam", T^p chi Tdi ehinh, so 9.
[2] Nguyln Ciic (2017), "Tde d§ng cua CUQC Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0 d6i voi ca so giao due dai hpc 6 Vi^t Nam vk goi ^ chinh sdch cho Vi?t Nam", Tap chi Gido due ly ludn, so 8.
[3] Ban Chap hanh Trung ucmg khoa XI (2013), Nghj quyit so 29-NQ/TW ngdy 4 thdng 11 ndm 2013 vi ddi m&i cdn bdn, todn diin gido due vd ddo tgo, ddp img yiu cdu cdng nghiep hda, hiin dgi hda trong diiu kiin kinh li thi tru&ng dinh hu&ng xa hpi chit nghia vd hgi nhgp quoc ti. Ha Noi.
[4] Nguyln Vilt Thdo (2017), "Cdch mang cong nghiep lin thii 4", Tap chi Ly ludn chinh tri, s 6 l l .
[5] Nguyln Hai Thap (Chu bien) (2018), Tdi lieu bdi dudng theo lieu chudn chiic danh nghi nghidp gidng viin cao cdp hgng I, Nxb Gido due Viet Nam.
[6] https://baoquocte.vn/nganh-giao-duc-don-dau- cuoc-cach-mang^0-ra-sao-7536.html. Tmy cap ngay 21 thdng 5 ndm 2019.
[7] http://baochinhphu.vn/Khoa-hoc-Cong- nghe/Giao-duc-Viet-Nam-truoc-yeu-cau-cua- cach-mang-cong-nghiep-40/308970.vgp. Truy cdp ngay 21 thdng 5 nam 2019.
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