Nguyen 0 * Ca, HoSng Ttii Minh Anh
Nang cao chat lUdng nhan life hang hai Viet Nam ciap ufng yeu cau cupe Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0
Nguyen fiulc Ca', Hoing Thj Minh Anh^
' Email, nguyenducca,21,05,2018@gmal com ' Email: anglespans2001 @yahoo.com Vien Khoa hgc GIfio due Vigt Nam 101 Trin HUng Oao, Hoan KiEfm, H i Npi, Vi$t Nam
TOM TAT: Trong nhdng nSm viia qua. Ding vi Chinh phu Viet Nam da xac dinh
"Chiin luge phit triin kinh ti biin li Fnh vuc kinh te mui nhgn hang dau cua ci nudc". Do v$y, ddi hdi phii cd ngudn nhin luc hing hii dugc dao tao vdi chit tugng cao. Bai viet chi ra nhdng thich thUc, co hdi ma Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 mang l^i dii vdi giao dgc - dao tao d nddc ta; nhdng thue trang chung va nhu eau ve nhan luc hing hii chat lugng cao d Vigt Nam; tren cd sd dd, bii viit dUa ra mdt si giii phap nhim nimg cao chat lugng nhin lUc hang hii Vigt Nam trong bii cinh cudc Cich mang cdng nghiep 4.0. Nhu vay, viec ning cao chat lugng nhSn li/c hang hii trd nen cap thiit va quan trgng, dd la cdng viec cd tinh chit quyit dinh din sU tin tai, phat triin cda nganh Hang hii, phat trien kinh ti biin Viet Nam tU nay din nam 2025 vi lau hdn nda.
Ddng thdi, thdng qua vi$c "nang eao chat lugng nhan luc hing hii" se gdp phin tich cUc vao vigc "hoin thanh tit nhi$m vu chinh tri quan trgng trudc mit cung nhu lau dai ve bio vg vdng chic chu quyen biin dio... trudc nhQng the li/c thil djch liin (yc giy hin va lam le xam lin chu quyin biin dio trin Bien Bdng cua Viet Nam".
Ti} KHOA: Nhan lUc hang h i i ; chat liidng.
-> NhSn bai 30/3/2019 •> Nh§n ket quS p h k bien va ctiinh sila 10/4/2019 -> Duy^t aang 25/5/2019
1.D$tvIndl
Cupe Cach mang cong nghiep (CMCN) lan thii tu vai trung t3m la su phat trien cua tri tue nhan tao, robot, Intemet van vat (loT), cong ngh? nano, sinh hpc, vat li?u moi... Dirng truac xu the nay, nen kinh te Viet Nam can phii t^n dung thai ca de chuyen doi manh me tii mo hinh tang truang dya vao tai nguyen, lao dpng chi phi thap, gian dan sang nen kinh te tri thiic, trong do trpng tam la nhan l\rc chat lugng cao qua dao tao [1], [2]. Vai linh vuc hang hai (HH) Vi?t Nam, chiing ta co hon 3.000 km ba bien va khoang 1.000.000 km^ vung dac quyen kinh te, lai nam tren hanh lang v^n tai Dong - Tay nen rat thuan Igi cho viec
"phdt trien kinh te bifin", Trong nhiJug nam vira qua. Dang va Chinh phii Vi?t Nam da xac dinh "Chifen luge phat triin kinh t6 bien la ITnh vuc kinh te miii nhgn hang dau ciia cd niroc". Do vay, doi hoi phai c6 nhan lire Effl (NLHH) chat lugng cao. ChSt lugng va hi?u qua dao tao NLHH da CO nhihig chuy6n bi8n tich cue va dat dugc nhiing ket qua ddng khich l§. Ddo t^o tiing bucrc chuyen tir huong "cung"
sang hucmg "cau", gin voi d\f bao nguon NLHH, du bao v6 vi?c lam, yeu cau ciia doanh nghiep vi hpi nh^p quoc te, d$c bi?t trong b6i canh CMCN 4.0. Tuy nhien, nhung thach thiic, ca hpi phat tri^n ITnh v\rc HH Vi?t Nam ma CMCN 4.0 mang l?i la rat 1cm. Tren ca sa danh gia nhirng thyc trang chung vd nhu CJiu vk NLHH chdt lugng cao a Vi?t Nam, bai viit dua ra mgt s6 gidi phap nhdm nang cao chat lirgng NLHH Vi?t Nam. D6ng thcri, thong qua viec "nang cao chdt lugng NLHH" sS gop phin tich eye vao viec "hoan
thanh tdt nhiem vu chinh tri quan trgng truac mat ciing nhu Idu dai vk bao vf viing chac chu quyen bien dao... truac nhirng the lyc thii dich va banh trucmg lien tyc gay han vd lam le xam ldn chii quySn bifin ddo tren Bien Dong cua Viet Nam" [3], [4].
2. Noi d u n g n g h i e n ciifu 2.1. Nhan ILTC va nhan l^c chat lirtfng cao
Nhdn lue la chii thi sang tao, co kha n3ng tham gia chi ph6i toan bg qua trinh phdt tnen kinh te - xa hpi hucmg no tai muc tieu da chpn. Do do, nhan luc khong chi gom so lupng, ca cdu dang co vd se co ma con bao gom chat lugng lao dpng (thi lyc, tri lyc, k! nang nghi nghiep) vd pham chdt lao dpng (thai dp, tac phong, phong cdch ldm viec) dap ling nhu c§u ciia t l chiic hoac mpt co cdu kmh te - xa hpi nhdt dinh.
Theo tinh thdn Dai hgi Dang toan quoc ISn thii XI, nhdn lue chdl lugng cao Id bp phdn uu tii nhdt cua nhan lyc ddt nuac, bao g6m nhuTig nguai tieu bieu ve pham chat chinh tri, dao diic va I6i sflng; co trinh dp hpc van, chuyen mon cao; CO siic khoe t6t (theo dp tu6i); luon di dau trong lao dgng, sang tao khoa hgc, dong gop tich eye, hi?u qud vdo su nghiep xay dyng vd bdo ve To quic. Do la nhiing "can bg lanh dao, qudn li gioi. dgi ngy chuyen gia, qudn tri doanh nghi?p gioi, lao dpng lanh nghi va can bg khoa hgc cong ngh? diiu dan; co khd nang van dyng sang tao nhiing Iri thiic, nhiing kT ndng da dugc dao tao vdo qud trinh lao dgng san xuit nhim dem lai nang suat lao dgng, chat lugng va hi?u qua cao" [5],
Sfi 17 thing 5/2019 43
NGHICNCOTUULUAN
2.2. Nhuiig thach thiJic va cd hoi cua Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0 doi vdi gj^o due - dao lao cl Viet Nam
Cugc CMCN 4.0 dac trung boi sy hpp nhit, khong co ranh gioi giira cac ITnh vuc cong ngh?, vdt li, kT thudt s6 va sinh hpc,. Day la xu huong kit hgp gitra cdc he thing do va thyc thi, Intemet van vdt (loT) va cac he thong ket noi Intemet (loS). CMCN 4.0 dang Idm thay doi manh me each thiic san xudt, chl tao. Trong cac "nhd mdy thong minh", cdc may moc dugc kit noi Intemet va lien kit voi nhau qua mpt h? thing co thi ty hinh dung toan bp quy trinh sail xuat, sau do dua ra quylt dinh sS thay the dan cac day chuyen san xuit tru6c day. Nho kha nSng ket noi vdi hang ti nguai tren the gidi thong qua cdc thilt bi di dpng va khd nang tiep can vai CO sa dft li?u ldn (big data), nhimg tinh n5ng xii li thong tin sg dupe nhan len bdi nhimg dpt pha cong ngh? trong cdc linh vyc nhu tri tu? nhdn tao, cong nghe ngudi may, loT, xe ty lai, cong nghe in 3D, cong nghe nano, cong ngh?
sinh hpc, khoa hpc vat lieu, luu trir ndng lugng va tinh todn lupng tir.,.. [6], [7].
Cupe CMCN 4.0 CO dnh hudng tryc tiep, ldn nhdt den gido due - dao tgo (GD-DT), nai tryc tiep dao tao nhdn lyc phyc vy cho cong nghi?p 4.0, De ddp img nhu cdu nhan lyc cho nen cong nghi?p mdi vd dong thdi tan dyng the manh ciia cong ngh? thong tin, nhieu trudng d?i hpc tren the gidi dd vd dang doi mdi todn dien vd theo dd giao due (GD) 4.0 dang dugc ddnh gid la mo hinh phii hpp [8],
GD 4.0 la mgt mo hinh GD thong minh, lien ket chii yeu giiia cdc yeu to nhd trudng - nhd quan li - nhd doanh nghi?p, t^o dieu ki?n cho vi?c doi mdi, sang tao va nang suat lao d^ng trong xS hpi tri thirc. Mo hinh ndy ciing thuc day tinh than khdi nghi?p ciia gidng vien. sinh vien (SV); tao dieu ki?n cho hgp tde giiia GD d^i hpc va san xuat cong nghiep;
gin ket ciing cdc nd luc phat trien kinh te khu vuc va dia phuong... GD 4.0 giiip hoat dgng day va hpc diln ra mpi liic va mpi nai. giiip ngudi hpc cd the ca nhan hoa, hoan loan quyet djnh vi?c hpc tap theo nhu ciu ciia bdn than. Ben cgnh do, GD 4.0 sc giiip thay doi tu duy va each tilp cdn vl mo hinh dai hpc. Trudng dgi hpc khong chi la nai dao tao, nghien ciiu ma cdn Id trung tam doi mdi sang tao. gidi quylt cdc vdn dl thyc ticn, mang gid trj cho xa hpi. Trudng khdng chi d6ng khung trong cdc biic tudng ciia giang dudng. Idp hpc hay phong thi nghi?m, ma phdi md rpng kit hpp vdi cac doanh nghi?p. \di thi tnrdng lao dpng dk trd thdnh mgt h?
sinh thai GD [9].
Yeu cdu eiia CMCN4.0 ddi vol NLHH
- Tri tue nhdn lao. Thupc ITnh vyc khoa hgc mdy tinh, \i tri tu? do con ngudi lap uinh tgo nen vdi myc tieu giiip may tinh cd thi thyc hien "ty dpng hoa cac hdnh vi HH" thong minh nhu con ngudi. Tri tue nhan tao. la vi?c iing dyng cfic he didng hpc mdy mdc HH dl mo phdng tri tu? ciia con ngudi (cua thuyin vien. hoSc NLHH) trong cdc xu li HH ma con ngudi Iam tdt han may tinh. Cy the. tri tu? nhdn t?o giiip may tinh cd dugc nhiing tri tu? ciia con ngudi nhu:
"Bilt suy nghT vd lap ludn dk giai quyet vin dk HH, biet giao tilp do hilu ngdn ngir, tiing noi, biet hgc vd ty thich nghi vdi moi trudng HH".
- Du lieu lan. Trong boi cdnh cugc CMCN 4.0 rat de dl cd dugc nhiing dii lieu ve NLHH chinh xdc vd so li?u ldn tir viec thu thap thdng tin, dii lieu dau vdo trong dlto tao NLHH bdng vi?c sir dung phdn mem phan tich dil li^
tren cdc thilt bi sieu may tinh de udc lugng toan bO c4c ngudn dfl- li?u NLHH khac nhau. Dii lieu Idn cd thi du^rc trao doi, cung cdp bdi cac ben lien quan. Vi?c su dyng dit li?u ldn se giiip kit ndi doanh nghiep HH vdi ea sd tin tao theo thdi gian thyc hoac c|p nhat nhanh nhat nhu cau ddo tao NLHH.
- Kit ndi vgn vgt. Nen cdng nghiep 4.0 san xuit ra nhilu thiet bi thdng minh hon. Ndi each khac, cac thiet bi trong ki nguyen cdng ngh? 4.0, cd kha nang ket noi giiia cac thiet bi nay vdi thiet bi khac thdng qua cac iing dyng kel ndi nhu wifi, 3G, 4G, 5G, bluetooth hodc cac cdng ngh?
ket noi tien tien hon trong tuang lai. "Dieu nay cho phip nhieu thiet bi HH co the lien lac vd tucmg tac vdi nhau, Mpi thir tren tau bien deu trd nen thdng minh va dugc ket noi se lam thay doi rat nhieu ve hanh vi, suy nghT vd quan diem song, quan diem kinh doanh, each md con ngudi noi chung va NLHH ndi rieng tucmg tac vdi nhau. N6 cflng giilp cho vi?c phan quyin, phan tich vd vi?c ra quyet djnh de dang han tren tau bien d bit cii nai dau tren dgi duong bao la, bang bdt cii cdch ndo, cho phep chung ta nhdn dirpc sy phdn hdi kip thdi".
2.3. Chat lutfng va nhu cau nhan liTc hang hdi Vi^t Nam 2.3.1. fipi figtJ thuyen vien (nhan fi/c hang hat} Viet Nam qua dao tao
Theo thing ke ciia Cue H H Vi?t N a m (Ban ddng ki T«i B ^ n g l 6 li/dng ONSQ Hang hdi Viet Nam mflc tr^ch nhi^m qudn li (Ngufin: Cue HH Viet Nam - thSng 3 nSm 2019)
H l n g t i u ( G T )
DUOdOO 11/100-500 TCI 5 0 0 ' 3000 T i l 3 0 0 0 M i e n COno
Tlluyfatnldnj 800 927 331 552 2610
Oai pho
857 833 295 551 2536
Cong suit may (KW)
DJiIMSO T0150 - 750 re 7 5 0 - 3 0 0 0 TO 3000 W ISn COng
May Irudng 595 813 226 553 2187
May hai 563
156 449 1814
« W CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Nguyen Oirc Ca, H o ^ g Thj Minh Anh
biin va Thuyin viSn) tinh din thang hit thdng 3 ndm 2019, dOi ngii thuyin vien (NLHH) Vi?t Nam cd khodng 20.500 ngudi, bao gom tit ca cdc chiic danh trfin tau, cy thi nhu sau:
a. Si quan HH mue trdeh nhipm qudn li
Dpi ngu sT quan (DNSQ) HH \^$t Nam mure trach nhiem qudn li tuang doi dong deu ve ti 1? giiia hai ehuyen nganh chinh la Mdy (ti le 1,0) va Lai tau thiiy (ti le 1,3) (xem Bang 1).
b. Si quan HH mirc trach nhiem vgn hdnh D6i vdi DNSQ HH Viet Nam, mdc trach nhiem van hanh cung tuong ddi dong deu ve ti 1? gitia hai chuyen nganh May vd Lai tau thiiy (Mdy nhieu hem Ldi theo quy dinh cua CycHHVi§tNam(til?May: l,ll;Ldi: 1,0)(xemBang2).
Bang 2: Sd li/dng DNSQ HH Viet Nam mOc trach nhiem van hanh (Ngufin: Cue HH Viet Nam - thSng 3 nam 2019)
Hang tau (GT)
ouai 500 Til 500 trd len cong
Si quan Boong
313 1578 1891
Cong suat may (KW)
Dual 750 T ( l 7 5 0 t r i ) i e n Cgng
Si quan May
644 1556 2100
c. Thuyin vien mirc trdeh nhiem trg giiip
So Ii?u thuyen vien miic trach nhiem tra giiip: Thuy thii hirdng; Thg may chinh; ST quan dien... theo quy dinh ciia Cue HH Viet Nam (xem Bang 3).
Bdng 3: S6 lifdng Qt\ ngii Thuyen vlEln miTc trach nhiem trd giiip (Ngufin: Cyc HH Viet Nam - thang 3 nam 2019)
ThOy thu trudng Th(J m^y chinh SlquanOi^n Thfl Oijn ThiJy thu tn/c ca Thfl may tivc ca
Gi<(y xac nhan "Chiing chi Vo tuyen di^n vifin hang tdng quSf (GOC)
GItty xcic nh^n Xhuing chi V6 tuyen dl^n vien hang han c h p (ROC)
Gily chiing nh^n k h i nang chuyen mfin cua thuyen vign GiSy xdc nh^n huin luy@n 6ic bigt
992 542 207 217 11.203 7 212 3 090
300
233 2.563
d. Ddnh gid chung
Qua nghian ciiu nhiing sl li?u thu thap dugc vl NLHH da cho thiy: NLHH dugc dao t^o bdi cac trudng thugc Bg Giao thong V ^ tai qudn Ii tucmg ddi bai ban, ddp iing cac tieu chuan vl chuyen mdn theo quy dinh; NLHH dugc ddo tgo bdi cdc trudng khdng tryc thugc Bp Giao thdng Van tai
thudng theo chuang trinh dao tao huan luyen dac thii ngdnh nghe nhu danh ca, Hdi quan... chua ddp ung cdc tieu chudn theo quy djnh. Vi vay, hg phai hgc nhung khda cap nhdt kiln thiic tai cac tnidng HH neu hg mudn thi liy gidy chiing nhan kha nang chuyen mdn.
2.3.2. Nhu cau Sao tao nhan life hang hai chat lifdng cao cua Viet Nam
NhucauNLHHVietNamlaratldn, Din nam 2025, cong tde dao tao va bdi duong se phai dat khoang 42.000 sT quan, thuyen vien chat lugng cao; trong dd dao tao mdi khoang 15.000 ngudi (7.000 ngudi bo sung theo yeu ciu phdt triin dgi tau vd 8.000 ngudi thay the luc lugng hien cd). Ciing vdi do, khodng 6.000 sT quan quan li va khodng 9.000 thuyen vien, cdng nhan kT thudt HH cCing se phdi dugc dao tao nham tEio ngudn nhan luc dap ung nhu cau "phat trien kinh te bien dugc ben vCrng vd gop phdn bdo v? viing chic chii quyen bien ddo cua Viet Nam".
Viee dao tao NLHH chdt lugng cao ludn dugc xem Id nen tang quan trpng nhat. Do dd, nganh HH Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi can phai tang cudng tinh gan ket giiia cac doanh nghiep van tai bien vdi cac ca sd dao tao, hudn luy?n; viec xay dyng cdc ca che chinh sdch de thu hiit nguon nhan luc vao ngdnh HH. Ngdnh HH Viet Nam can phai thyc hien nhieu giai phdp nham nang cao chat lugng dao tao thuyen vien de dap iing yeu cau hdi nhdp va phat trien kinh te bien CLia dat nudc (Ngudn: Cue HH Viet Nam "Chien luge phdt trien kinh te bien Viet Nam: Tdm nhin vd dinh huong den 2030 " - thdng 3 ndm 2019).
2.4. Mpt so giai phap nang cao chat Iifdng nhan lire hang hai Viet Nam
Nhiem vu ciia cac trudng HH trong bdi canh CMCN 4.0 phai dao tao dii chuyen gia cdng nghe thdng tin; tich cue trang bj cho SV cac kiln thiic kT thuat sd vd kT nang cd lien quan de dap iing nhu cdu xa hdi trong nen cdng nghiep 4.0. Vdn dl viec lam va thdt nghiep la hien tugng phd biin ciia qua trinh cdng nghiep 4 0 va nhdt Id thdi ki diu khi lyc lugng lao dgng chua thich ung vdi dieu kien mdi cua cdng nghiep vd su chuyen djch manh ca cau lao dgng giura cac ITnh vyc. Do vdy, vin de dat ra ddi vdi cac trudng HH la dinh hudng dao tao dap img yeu cau ngdnh nghi ciia cupe CMCN 4.0 vd dao tao lai dl thich iing vdi nganh nghe mdi.
Trong boi cdnh kiln thiic ve cong nghe thay doi rat nhanh, viec trang bi each thiic ty hpc vd y thiic hpc t^p sudt ddi cdng quan trpng ban kiln thiic cua chuang trinh ddo tao.
Nhu vay, CMCN 4.0 da tao dp lyc Idn trong hoat dpng dao tgo ddi vdi cac trudng HH. tir xdy dyng chucmg trinh ddo tgo, cap nhat ngi dung chucmg trinh cho den dao tgo kT nSng che ngudi hgc dl ddp iing yeu cdu cdng nghi?p ngdnh HH.
CMCN 4.0 ddi hdi phuang thuc va phuang phdp dao tao thay ddi vdi sy iing dung manh me ciia cdng ngh? thdng tin, cdng ngh? kT thuat so vd he thdng mgng. Cac hinh thiic
S617 thdng 5/2019 4S
NGHieNCCrULiLUAN
dao tgo online, ddo tao do. mo phong, so hoa bin gidng... id
\u hudng ddo tgo nghi nghi?p n-ong hi?n tai vd Urang lai.
Dilu nay doi hdi cdc ca sd ddo tao HH phai cd su chudn bj tdt nguon lyc td chiic gidng day, dac biet la dgi ngii gidng vien, xay dyng khong gian hgc tap, trang thiet bi phuc yy cho vi?c day va hgc. Tir nhirng vdn de neu tren, de gop phan vugt qua thach thiic vd tan dyng tot ca hpi tir CMCN 4.0 nhim nang cao chdt lugng NLHH Viet Nam, chiing ta cin xem \6t thyc hi?n ddng bp nhirng giai phdp sau:
2.4.1. Odi m6i cong lac qudn li nhan Idc hang hdi Xdy dyng vd ban hanh cac chudn kiln thiic, kT ndng (chuin diu ra) cho ngdnh nghe HH tuang ling vdi timg cap trinh dp ddo tao vdi sy tham gia ciia doanh nghi?p, ddm bdo phii hgp vdi khung trinh dg vd tieu chuan kT nang nghe qudc gia. Xay dyng cac bg tieu chuan ve ca sd vat chat ciia ngdnh HH va trinh dp ddo tao. Ban hanh cac quy djnh ve h? thong ddm bao chat lugng doi vdi vdi cdc trudng HH. Bao dam ngudi du tieu chuan vd cd nhu cau dugc hgc lien thong len trinh dp cao han trong ITnh vyc HH. Xay dung dy bao nhu cdu NLHH vd nhu cdu ddo tao theo ca cau ngdnh, nghe vd trinh dp ddo tgo phii hpp vdi yeu cdu phat trien kinh te HH theo timg giai do^n. Doi mdi ca che tiep nhan va xii li thdng tin. xay dyng ca sd dii li?u qudc gia ve giao dye HH trong bdi canh CMCN 4.0.
Hodn thi?n co che chinh sdch dong bd, phii hgp ddi vdi dpi ngu nhd gido, ngudi hgc, ca sd dao tao HH, ngudi lao dpng vd doanh nghi?p HH tham gia ddo tao cung nhu vi?c phan bo vd sii dyng tdi chinh Iheo hudng tang quyin tu chii ciia cac co sd ddo tgo HH vd tao dgng lyc cho xa hgi tham gia vao hogt dgng nay. Ddy mgnh cdng tde thanh, kilm tra, hudng dan viec thyc hi?n cac quy phgm phdp lugt, cac chl dO chinh sach ve dao lao HH; Kiem dinh chit lugng dao tgo HH trong h^ thing dao tao kT ndng thyc hdnh; Tdng cudng hgp tac quoc tl va hodn thi?n h? thdng chinh sach phdp luat ve dao tao HH.
2.4.2. Chu^n h6a va phd) trien dgi ngQ nha giao hang hdi CSn diy mgnh dao tgo, bdi dudng kT su, cir nhan, nghe nhan, ngudi cd kT ndng nghi cao dd ldm \ iec tgi doanh nghi?p HH \e ki nfing, nghi?p vy su phgm trd thdnh nhd giao dao tgo ngdnh nghi HH. Ddo tgo, bdi dudng nhd giao HH d cac nudc phdt yien, ap dyng chuin ciia cac nudc phai trien de hinh thdnh dpi ngu gidng vien HH hgt nhdn dgt chudn qudc le cd du nSng lyc dl ddo tgo chuang trinh chuyin giao lir nudc ngodi. dong thdi dao tao Igi cdc gidng vien kh;ic Irong ITnh \yc HH, Tdng cudng ddo tgo liing Anh cho cdc giang \ len HH da> cac chuang trinh .\Si: AN.
qudc ll \c HH. Huy dgng. khuyin khich cac doanh nghi?p I il i Iham gia ddo Uio. bdi dudng ki ndng nghi cho gidng vien HH bdng hinh ihiic tilp nhgn hp den thyc lgp tgi doanh nghivp HH de cgp nhgt, ndng cao ki nfing ihyc hdnh nghi HH, liep cgn cdng ngh? 4 0 \ I HH...
Tftng cudng chit lugng dpi ngu gidng vien HH Cac giang
46 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO IHICV^ NAM
% ien cdn duoc tgo dilu ki?n di ldm vi?c hofic thyc tap tree nhimg lau hi?n dai, cdng sudt ldn. Chu trong thda dang Ok
\ i?c nang cao ddi song, thu nhgp ciia dgi ngu giang vifindj hp yen tam vdi cdng tac gidng day, tgp trung hon nSa cho V iec dgy hpc, ty hpc tap vd nang cao trinh dp.
2.4.3. Bo Giao thong Van tai, nganh Hang hii, dia phifdng ven bien can thdc hien ra soat, sap xep mang Iddi cd sd ddo tao hang hdi
Tren ca sd dy bdo nhan lyc HH, dja ban ven bien quan li theo hudng giam dau mdi, tfing quy md, nang cao chil lugng va hi?u qua dao tao nghe HH. Chi thanh lgp mdi trudng HH cdng lap theo quy hogch vd dam bdo cd Ip trinh ty chu, phat trien cdc ca sd ddo tgo nghe HH da cdp trinh dg ddo tgo.
2.4.4. Doi mdi chddng trinh dao tao hang hdi
cin ddi mdi chuang trinh va cdng tac td chiic, quan li dao tao tren ca sd chuan dau ra, Chuyen giao dong bO cic bp chucmg trinh ddo tgo ngdnh nghe HH cdp dp quoc tl cho cdc trudng HH Viet Nam. Xdy dyng cdc bg chucmg trinh tieng Anh chuyen ngdnh HH cho nganh nghe trpng diem cap dp quoc gia vd qudc te.
Timg budc tien tdi cac ca sd ddo tao HH dugc quyin ty chu xac dinh chi tieu tuyen sinh hing nam tren ca sd dilu ki?n ve so lugng, chat lugng dgi ngu nha giao, ca sd vgt chat va thiet bi dao tgo; dugc tuyen sinh nhieu lan h^ng nam; dugc to chirc xet tuyen, thi tuyen hofic ket hgp giih xet tuyin, thi tuyen; ddng thdi dupe ty chii, ty chju trdeh nhi?m td chiic thyc hien chuang trinh ddo tao theo nifin che hofic theo phuang thiic tich luy md dun hodc tin chi tiiy thugc vao dieu kien ciia ca sd va nang lyc, dilu ki?n, hoan cdnh ciia cd nhan ngudi hgc va theo chudn kiln thiic, kT nfing tdi thilu doi vdi timg chucmg trinh dao tgo, Tiep tyc doi mdi phucmg phap dgy va hgc, lay ngudi hgc la trung tdm ciia qud trinh dao tgo, phdt huy tdi da tinh sdng tgo, tv hgc tap nghien cuu cua SV. Ddi mdi can ban hinh thic vi phuang phap thi, kilm tra trong gido due.
De xudt ddi mdi npi dung va chuang trinh gidng dgy n^
cdn de SV HH sau khi dugc ddo tgo thich ung ngay vdi cong vipe. Npi dung dao tao phai tinh tdi xu thi phdt triin ciia thdi dgi, theo hudng tilp can vdi trinh dg tien tiln cua cac dpi tau hi?n dai, vd cupe CMCN 4.0. Xdc djnh vj tri li don vi djch vy ddo tgo cho NLHH.
Hodn thi?n hon nflra bg gido trinh ddo tgo nghi HH "theo hudng md", de cdc npi dung khdng cdn mang tinh "hinh thuc" md di sau vdo "thyc tl lam viec". Cd gfing thudng xuyen cgp nhdt, bd sung cac kiln thiic trong gido Uinh bdt kjp su phat tnen ciia nganh HH tren thi gidi vd cuflc CMCN 4 0,
2.4.5. Tiep tuc chuan hoa va ting cddng d i u td cd sd vat ch*
Ihiet bj hdng hdi
Tgp trung ddu tu ca sa vgt chit, thill bj cho nghe HH
Nguyen uifc ua, Hoang i ni Minn Ann
heo chudn, d i y manh xay d u n g phdng hgc da p h u a n g ti^n, 3h6ng chuy8n m o n hda; h ? thong thilt bj thyc t l ao, thilt 3! dgy hpc thuat vd cac phdn m e m do m6 phong thiet bi Jay hpc thyc t l trong cac c a sd ddo tao HH d l giam bdt iku tu trang thiet bi. Ddu t u ve kinh phi, ndng c i p c a sd vat chit, trang thiet bi day nghe nhdm khde phuc tinh trang tyt hau cd ve quy m o vd chat lugng day nghe HH hien nay.
Ngoai sy dau t u t u ngdn sdch N h a nudc, can cd sy huy d g n g dong gdp ciia cdc doanh nghiep H H , eac nhd dau tu trong va ngodi nudc vd cua chinh ngudi hgc.
2.4.6. Phat trien md rpng he thong danh gia, cip chifng chi kl ndng nghe quoc gia gan vdi cac cd sd dao tao ngdnh Hang hai, cdc doanh nghiep hang hai
Da dgng, Iinh hogt hinh thiic, cdch thiic d l c6 t h i ddnh gia rpng rdi nganh nghe H H . Xay d y n g mdi tieu chuan kT nang nghi quoc gia cho nghe H H . Lien ket, hgi nhap khu v u c va quoc t l v l tieu chuan nghe H H , dac bi?t trong cac khudng khi APEC, A S E A N , T i l u viing sdng Me Kdng....
2.4.7. Tang cddng gan ket ddo tao nganh/nghe hang hdi vdi doanh nghiep hdng hdi. Day manh cong tac tuyen truyen, hifdng nghiep, td van ve giao due nghe nghiep trong linh vdc hang hai Hodn thi?n cdc q u y d i n h de doanh nghiep H H la c h u the ciia GD nghe nghiep HH, dugc tham gia tat ca cac cdng dogn trong qua trinh dao tao nghe HH. Thi diem thanh lap hpi dong nganh H H vdi su thara gia ciia c a quan quan Ii Nhd nudc ve gido due nghe nghiep, Bp Giao thdng Van tai, ngdnh HH Vifet Nam, doanh nghiep H H . A p dung cdng ngh? 4.0 de xay d y n g he thdng ket ndi cung va cau dao tao trong toan he thdng.
Tdng cudng gan ket dao tgo vdi doanh nghipp H H ; tao sy lien kit chat che gifla nha t r u d n g HH va doanh nghiep HH; doanh nghipp HH d u g c tham gia tat ca cac cdng dogn trong qud trinh dao tao nghe H H va ciing d u g c tuyen d y n g ngay SV HH trong qua trinh va sau ddo tao. N e u cd the, chiing ta xay d y n g c a che dinh ki ddi thogi, ldng nghe y kiln phdn hdi cua cdng d d n g doanh nghiep HH, nhflng ngirdi sii dyng lao dgng ve nhu cdu lao d g n g , miic trinh dp can dao tgo, c h u a n g trinh ddo tao, chat l u g n g vd hieu qua ddo tgo...
Xdy dyng ke hogch truyen thdng chuyen nghi?p, bai ban vdi sy tham gia cua Bg Giao thdng Van tdi, ngdnh H H , dia
p h u a n g ven bien, c a sd dao tao nghe HH, nha giao vd cac c a quan cd Men quan; chu dgng cung cap thong tin kip thdi chinh xdc cho bao chi de dinh h u d n g d u ludn, tao niem tin cho xa hgi.
Nang cao hieu qua cdng t i e tuyen truyen, tu vdn va hudng nghiep. Can ndng cao nhan thiic cua xa hdi va ngudi lao dpng nham tgo su ddng thuan trong xa hpi ve vai trd, vi tri, t i m quan trpng trong phdt trien ngudn N L H H , trong phat trien nen kinh te dat n u d c va phat trien xa hdi d Vi?t Nam,
"dac biet quan trgng" la "gdp phan dac lyc vdo bao ve chii quyen bien dao qudc gia". Chi khi ngudi hgc "an tam ve nghe nghiep ciia minh chpn", hp mdi thuc su hpc de quyet t a m "theo nghe", chat lugng dao tao N L H H thich limg vdi C M C N 4.0 vi the se dugc cai thien ban.
3. Ket luan
Nang cao chat lugng N L H H cho dat nudc trudc nhutig c a hdi va thdch thuc cua C M C N 4.0 la "trpng tdm cua chien luge phat trien ngudn nhan lyc HH, trpng tam phdt trien kinh te bien Viet Nam". Ddi hdi trong giai doan tdi chiing ta phai phat hien, quy hogch, ddo tao, boi dudng, phat trien N L H H cd pham chat chinh t n , cd kien thiic tien lien, ndng ddng, sang tao, cd trinh do chuyen mdn v u n g vdng, am hieu luat phap HH qudc te, Chii trpng vao vi?c ddo tgo, phat trien dpi ngii sT quan, thuyen vien dap img dugc yeu cau dpi tdu bien va xuat khau nguon N L H H trong bdi canh C M C N 4.0.
Bdi viet dd chi ra dugc nhung tdn tgi c a ban ciia chat l u g n g N L H H trong cdc trudng H H d Viet Nam. Qua dd, bai viet da de xudt dugc cac giai phap nang cao chat lugng N L H H qua ddo tgo dap iing yeu can, nhiem vy trudc mat cung n h u lau ddi cua ngdnh H H Viet Nam trong bdi canh cudc C M C N 4.0.
D I cd t h i hoan thanh cac chi tieu, k l hoach v l ddo tao N L H H c h i t lugng cao trong bdi canh cua cugc C M C N 4.0 thi nhiem vu cua cac c a sd dao tao HH trong thai gian tdi la rdt nang n l , doi hoi sy nd lyc ldn ciia Bo Giao thdng Van tdi, nganh HH Viet N a m . Dong thdi, cdc c a sd dao tao H H , dac biet la nhiing ngudi lien quan tryc t i l p d i n ITnh vyc HH c i n triin khai t l chiic thyc hi?n mpt each d d n g b p cdc giai phap neu tren. Lam d u g c n h u vdy, chung ta se " v u g t qua d u g c thdch thuc, tan dung tot d u g c c a hdi tir C M C N 4.0 mang Igi"; ddng thdi, "gdp phdn quan trgng vao viec hoan thdnh xuat sac nhiem vu chinh tri ciia chung ta la, bao ve vimg chac chii quyen bien dao tren Bien D d n g ciia Viet N a m " .
Tii D^u tham khdo
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Giao-duc-Viet-Nam-truoc-yeu-cau-cua-cach-mang- cong-nghiep-40/308970 vgp.
[3] Nguyen Diic Ca, (2017), Ndng cao ndng lire doi ngu cdn bp qudn li gido due nghe nghiep Irong boi cdnh Cdch mgng cong nghipp 4.0, Tgp chi Gido dye vd Xa hpi, so 81
(142), thang 12 nam 2017, Ha Noi,
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S6l7ttidng5/2019 47
NGHlCNCaULfLUAN
ngay 27 thang 8 ndm 2017.
Phan Quang Tmng, (2017), Gido due dgi hoc phdi ldm gi truac thdch thuc ciia CMCN 4 0, Bao di?n tu giaoduc.
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CUQC Cdch mgng 4 0 ra sao, Bao dien tir baoquoctcvn.
[8]
ngay 14 thdng 4 nim 2017.
Tde dgng cua cudc Cach mgng cong nghiep 4 0 doi vaieo s& gido due dgi hpc a Viet Nam vd ggi y chinh sdch cho Viet Nam, Bao di?n tii baomoi com.vn. ngdy 27 thdng M ndm 2017.
IMPROVING QUALITY OF MARINE HUMAN RESOURCES IN VIETNAM RESPONSIVE THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL NETWORK 4.0
Nguyen Due Ca', Hoang Thi Minh Anh^
' Email nouyenducca.21.05.2018@gmait com 'Email aiiglespansZ001@yahoocom The Vietnam National Institute ol Educational Sciences
101 Tran Hung Dao, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
ABSTRACT: In the past few years, the Party and Government of Vietnam have defined 'ihe strategy of marine economic development as the leading economic sector of the country". Therefore, it is necessary to have high- quality trained marine personnel. This article presents the challenges ant}
opportunities that the 4.0 revolution has brought to education and training in our country, general conditions and the demand for high-quality marine personnel in Vietnam. Based on that, the article offers a number of solutions to improve the quality of Vietnam's maritime personnel in the context of the 4.0 industrial revolution. Thus, Ihe improvement of the quality of marine personnel has become urgent and important, which is a decisive task for the existence and development of the maritime industry and the development of marine economy in Vietnam from now to 2025 and beyond. At the same time, tt>e
"enhancement of the quality of marine personnel" will contribute positively to the "successful completion of important political tasks in the immediate and long term, to firmly defend the sovereignty of the islands ... when facing w/ffi hostile forces and aggressive aggression and invasion of sovereignty over islands in the East Sea of Vietnam".
KEYWORDS: Marine personnel; Quality.
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