QlighuH eitu - 'Jra» dii S6 6 (243) - 20'fe
CKN MdT GdC NHiN NlAl V i
HIEN DAI HdA N C N H A N H C H I N H Of VIET NAM
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• IS. NGUYIN QU6C sCfu *
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di trong nhiJng ehuong trinh trpng di^m ciia Viet Nam hien nay dupe du ludn trong nude vd qud'c te'quan tdm Id viec d^y manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda ddt nude nhdm dua nudc ta co ban trd thanh nudc cdng nghiep hien dai' vd eai each toan dien n6n hdnh chi'nh qud'e gia hudng tdi muc tieu: Xdy dung mdt n^n hanh chinh hien dai. trong sach, vutig manh, tie't kiem, chuyen nghiep, phuc vu nh&n ddn ngay mdt tdt hon. Co th^ndi, hien dai hda n^n hanh chinh da vd dang Id mdt
"hang muc" Idti trong tong Ihl "cdng trinh" eai each nen hanh chinh. Hien dai hda nen hanh chi'nh cd tac ddng tich cue trong eai each thii luc hanh chinh. Va'n de dat ra la chung ta phai nhdn thfle dung v^ hien dai hda n^n hanh chinh la nhu th^ nao, cung nhu vai tro cua no trong cdng cudc eai each hanh chinh. Trong bai viet nay, ehflng tdi mud'n di sdu ban ludn d^ tim ra gdc nhin mdi vd thie't thue hon eho qua trinh hien dai hoa nen hanh chinh 6 nudc ta.
1. Hien dai hda nln hanh chinh - Khdi nguyen va nhflng khac biet
Thu^t ngfl "hien dai" xudt hien khd mudn d phuong Tay, khoang 3(K) nam trude, trong sir bieh chuyen Idn lao cua xa hdi vdi phong trao Phuc Hung, eai each tdn giao... "Hifin dai" Irong nguyen nghia cua no nghieng v^ sde thdi tinh ihdn, nhdn thiJc, tu duy... vdi cac gia tri tudo, giai phong ca nhdn, phan tinh va tu khang dinh minh, doan tuyet vdi su ihiie ep, go bd ca nhdn cua trdt tu tinh thdn Kitd giao...
Trong ITnh vitc hanh chinh, vdi each hi^u \i thudt ngfl "hien dai" nhu lien, phuong Tay da bat ddu mdi
cudc chuyen d6i md hinh hdnh chinh bang mdt Ijfi nhan thfle lai vai trd cua Nha nudc. Su thay themfl hinh "hdnh chinh edng truyen thdng" vdi bd mdy tbit tai quan lifiu bang md hinh "quan ly cdng mdi" trong nhflng nam khiing hoang kinh te the gidi 1973 -1975, ludn gdn li^n vdi quan di^m "sang tao lai Chinh [Aii"i nhan thiic lai vai tro ciia Chinh phu, tir "cheo thuyen"
sang "Idi thuydn". Iir quan 1^ sang phuc vu. Dd cdn ^ su ra doi cua md hinh "quan tri nhd nudc tdt" Ihdi gian gdn day. Tfl "quan ly nha nudc" sang "quan tri nha nudc" Id mdt bude nhay ve mat tuduy. N^u "quanly nhd nudc" duoc hie'u nhu la su quan ly ciia Nha nudc - trong vai trd chii Ih^, thi vdi thudt ngfl "quan tri nha nudc", xa hdi xudt hien ciing luc hai mdi quan he: (i) Nha nudc vfla la chii Ih^ quan Ui xa hdi; (ii) vita la doi tuong dupe quan tri bdi cdng ddn vd cac thie't ch^xa hdi khac. Vi the', trach nhiem giai Uinh cung nhu he qua hau giai trinh cua Nha nude trude nhan ddn va xi hdi la nhihig dac trung khdng the' thie'u cua md hinb mdi nay. Cd thi noi, hien dai hda nen hanh chinh (i eae qud'c gia phat triln phuong Tay ludn gdn liln v6i nhflng bieh chuyen ve mat tu duy.
0 Viet Nam thdi gian qua, qua trinh hien dai hoa nen hdnh chinh qudc gia bdng Cbie^n lupc eai each hanh chinh bat ddu vdi Nghi quye't Trung uong 8 khoa VII (1995). Tuy nhien, vdi each hilu "hien dai hoa"
mang nhilu sdc thai vSt eha't (ap dung cdng ngb^
thdng tin; quy hoach va xdy dung cdng so tdp trong, tang cudng phuong tien lam viec), nen ducfflg nKII, edng cudc eai each cua chdng ta khdng dat diing tam. Don efl nhu "D^ an Tin hoe hda hdnh chinh
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* Hoc vien Hanl\ ctiinh QiwfegQighien eAu - ^tae^ dii 86 6(243)-2012
nude 112", Chinh phu da ddu tu rdt nhiiu ti^n cua, nhung ke't qua van hanh n^n hanh chinh khdng mdy dupe eai thien. Chiing la edn nhd rdng, cdng nghe thdng tin ehi la phuong tien va no ed hai mat, ne'u khdng phat huy dupe mat flng dung tieh euc, no chi edn gia tri phuc vu giai tri. The nen, rdt nhik may tinh dupe trang bi eho can bd, cdng chflc, nhung ho ddng d^ choi game, chat... Hay viec eai each hanh chinh theo hudng giam s6' bd, nhung sd' bien che' lai phinh ra, dong thdi, eon nay sinh tlnh trang chdng cheo v^
thdm quyen trong quan 1^...
Cung trong thdi gian qua, ehiing ta da cu nhi^u chuyen gia sang Thai Lan, Singapore va nhi^u qud'e gia khac hoc tSp kinh nghiem eai each hanh chinh.
Sau dd, thuc hien thi dilm tai Ha Noi, Da Nang vd TR Hd Chi Minh, mdi can bd, edng chflc duoc trang bi mot may tinh cd k^t nd'i internet, nhung hieu qua n^n hanh chinh Viet Nam vdn thua xa so vdi 2 nudc ban.
Trong Bao eao eanh tranh toan edu 2009 - 2010 cua Dien dan kinh te the' gidi (WEF) vdi nhieu chi sd' v^
hanh chinh, nhung Viet Nam vdn dflng thfl 75, edn Singapore dflng thfl ba^. Ddu biet rang, moi su so sanh deu la khap khieng, nhung chi sd tren la dilu khie'n chung ta edn phai suy ngdm mdt each nghiem tue. Khi tu duy chua md Id'i, thie'u mdt nen tang ly luan ve
"hien dai hda" ddn dudng, khi tam ly "quan - dSn",
"xin - cho" vdn ngu tri trong suy nghi cua can bd, cdng chflc hanh chinh vd ngudi dan, thi moi eai each vdn chi Id nhflng eupe thi nghiem hao ti^n, td'n eua va ke't qua la mot nSn hanh chinh "binh mdi rupu cu"!
2. Hien dai hda n^n hanh chinh - Cdn bat dau tfl "hien dai hda" tu duy
Dl ed nin hdnh chinh qud'c gia hien dai, hieu qua, lam n^n tang cho mdt xa hdi dan ehu va phdn vinh, thi chung ta cdn phai hanh ddng diing quy luat - Hay bat ddu tfl doi mdi tu duy Bdt ky qua trinh hien dai hda nao cung cdn dupe ddn dat bang mdt luan thuye't phdt triln phii hpp. Nhung di dung hudng vdn la chua du,
hien dai hoa edn dupe tang td'e bdng eae ddng luc.
Di^u nay dac biet co j nghia ddi vdi mdt nln hanh ehinh dang phdt triln nhu Viet Nam. Thuc te', "ed xe"
hanh chinh Viet Nam hien nay dudng nhu vfla thieu mdt "ve tinh ddn dudng" - mdt luan thuye't hpp ly, vfla thie'u nhflng "ddng co" - ddng lire dl ed thi tie'n nhanh de'n dieh. Bdi vay, vdn de cdp bdch trude mdt hiSn nay d Viet Nam la cdn xay dung mdt luSn thuye't vl hien dai hda nln hdnh chinh qud'e gia.
Theo nguyen ly ciia chu nghia Mde - Lenin, hoat ddng thuc tien cdn mdt IJ' luan khoa hoc soi dudng, n^u khdng, dd se la mdt thite tien mu quang. Do vay cdng tae 1;^ luan ludn ludn phai dupe di trude, cd nhiem vu lao dung nen luan thuydft de dinh hudng, khoi day trung nhung ddng luc cho suphal triln trong tflng giai doan eu thi. Mdt luan thuye't dupe coi la huu dung dd'i vdi nin hdnh chinh Viet Nam ehi khi nao luan thuye't dy vfla phii hop vdi dilu kien hoan eanh eua ddi nude vfla bat kip vdi tinh than eua thdi dai.
Ndi den hien dai hda - hien dai hda nen hanh ehinh la ndi d^n viee Ihay d6i mdt trang thai, mot dd'i lupng, lam eho dd'i tupng dd cd su bie'n d6i phii hpp vdi yeu edu khach quan cua qua trinh phat triln. Theo each nhin 'Tien hoa luan" eua Chales Darwin^:
'...Hien dai hda ed nghia la tai cdu triic chinh minh Ihdnh mdt he thdng khac, dl nhflng te lau ciia chinh minh khdng cdn ddt dung than va eae gia tri van hda hien dai ed thi nay no, sinh Ion va van hanh". Nhu vay, cd the Ihdy hien dai hda, nhin tfl gdc dp cdu triie qud'c gia - nen hanh chinh nha nude, la qua trinh chuyen bien tfl edu true hien tai sang cdu true hien dai hon, dl khie'n no thay d6i each thfle vSn hdnh va su flng xfl vdi xa hdi theo ehilu hudng td't hon.
Trd ve vdn d^ hien dai hoa nen hanh chinh d Viet Nam. Chiing ta da bat ddu thuc hien cdng cudc eai each hanh chinh tfl nhung nam 90 eua the' ky XX nhdm hudng Idi viec thay doi trang thai cua co che' hanh ehinh hien hanh, lam eho no thay ddi phu hop
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Qlgkiin. eku. • ^r4m del
S6 6 (243) - 2012 vdi yeu cdu phai triln mdi ciia ddt nudc*. Tai Hdi nghigiao ban Nganh Ndi vu ndm 2012 diCn ra tai Hd Ndi^
Thu tudng Nguyen Tdn Dung da thang thdn nhin nhdn: "Cdng cudc c;ii cdch hdnh chinh da cd nhifiu thdnh tuu, nhung so vdi yeu cdu ciia xa hdi vd khd nang ciia he didng thi cdn nhilu han ch^. T6 chflc bp may hdnh chi'nh 6 Trung irong vd dia phuong vdn edn nhilu chflc nang, nhiem vu uDng ddm, ddn de'n (rong khi cd nhilu vdn d^ chua ro trdch nhiem gifla cdc bd, thi lai cd nhflng linh vuc cdn bd trdng chua ai chiu trdch nhiem;... vdn edn nhi^u vdn 66 md ddn vd doanh nghiep keu, va ho keu dung;... nhflng eai cdch trong vdn dl ndy cdn qud chdm". Tdt ca nhflng han ch^ dd, khdng gi khac la bilu hien sinh ddng cua mdt nin hdnh chinh truyen thdng, quan lieu, bao cdp, chdm chap, thie'u sflt s6ng dl cd thi ki^n tao su phat triln cho xa hdi. Dieu nay da anh hudng rat Idn tdi viec thuc hien cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda ddt nudc, hdi nhap kinh t^qud'e te'ciia Viet Nam. Nhilu nha ddu tu, t6 chflc qudc teda dua ra dilu kien tdi thilu eho viec ho se ddu tu vao Viet Nam khi ma nudc ta phdi ti^n hanh eai each hanh chinh hieu qua trude tinh trang tham nhung, phien ha, cham chap cua nIn hanh ehinh dang dien ra d dien rdng. Vay tai sao qua utnh hien dai hda nln hanh chinh lai chdm chap vd kem hieu qua? Phai chang ehflng ta vdn dang tie'n hdnh hien dai hda nln hanh chinh trong khi thie'u vdng su nhdn thfle sau sdc ve mdt kfln chi nam, mdt ban il, mdt minh tri^t cho qua trinh d'y? Phai chang da d^n liic chiing ta cdn quy chudn lai, nhdn thfle lai vai tro, gia Ui cua mdt dinh hudng cho mdt qua trinh hien dai hda?
Ngay nay, qua trinh toan edu hda dang diln ra ngdy cdng nhanh, manh vd sdu sdc tren mpi ITnh vuc ciia ddi sdng xa hdi, dat cdc qudc gia trude thdeh thfle phan dinh ranh gidi quan 1^ sao eho via hieu qua, hda nhip dupe vdi ddi sdng chung cua the gidi, uong khi vdn giu dupe chu quyin cua minh. Thuc tiln dd cung dai ra ddi hoi td't y^u khdeh quan ciia viec dilu chinh chflc nang cua Nha nudc sao cho phii hpp vdi thdi
cuOe. Nhd nudc mud'n tdn tai, phai trd thdnh mdlcM thi ki^n lao cho su phdt triln, chfl khdng don thu^
chi Id edng cu ciia giai cdp thdng tri xa hdi nhu trong ly ludn ban ddu vl Nhd nudc nfla. Nha nudc vd n^
hdnh chinh nhd nudc, ban than no Id phfle hc^ cua nhflng thi che', nen nd cQng cdn dupe nhin nhdn vit dilu chinh cdc chflc nang eua minh sao cho phii hap xu the ciia thdi dai. Dilu dd cd nghia, eai each hanh chinh, hien dai hda nln hdnh chinh hien nay khdng gi khdc ngodi viec nhin nhdn lai vai trd cua Nha nudc trong mdi quan he vdi xa hdi vd cdng dan, dl tfl dd lao Idp cdch flng xfl vdi xa hdi (mdng cdn lai, khdng bao g6m Nhd nudc). Dd phai Id sir chuyin bi^n ciia tu duy vd nhan ihflc vl vai trd cua Nhd nudc tfl "quan if,
"eai Iri" sang "quan tri", "phuc vu". Su nhin nhdn lai vai ird cua Nhd nude nhu Ih^ cung hoan toan tuong ddng vdi quan dilm cua Chu Cich H6 Chi Muih ring:
"(Thinh phu phdi Id ddy td ciia nhfln ddn..."; '*Cac ca quan cu? Chinh phu tfl todn qu6c cho de^n cdc liing, dIu Id cdng bdc ciia dan...".
Mac dii thdi gian vira qua, mdt sd van kien, via ban vl eai each hdnh chinh cua Viet Nam cung da gai md vl su nhan thfle lai vai trd cua Nhd nudc, nhung thuc su cho de^n bay gid, quan dilm nay vdn chua la mdt ddng chu luu^. Phai chang, mdt Idn nfla, su chuyin bi^n cua tu duy vd nhan ihflc vl eai each vin bi cham? Va dd cd phai Id do sflc i qua Idn cua m(A nln van hda tilu ndng thilu tinh phap quylo? Tlr duy md chung tdi muCin dl cdp is day, hilu mdt each don gian, dd la cdch nhin nhdn, suy nghi, phdn lich vi triln khai tr6n thuc tiln nhflng giai phdp khi vdn d£
xudt hien. Tu duy cdn phai dat din gia tri phan bien d£
tim ra chan ly cua nhdn thfle, giup "soi roi" hoat dfing thue tiln. Ndi tdi vai trd ciia viee thay ddi tu duy, oS le that thieu sdt n^u ehflng ta khdng nhd tdi luio thuy^l "Thoal A Luan"' ndi tilhg cua FukuzaW Yukichi (1835 -1901). Bai bdo ed vu phong traoMilib Tri Duy Tdn vd chu iruong eai each van hda Nhdt BM dl phdt triln kip cdc nude phuong Tay. Ndi dung
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Qlghiin eitu, • ^ftm dSl 86 6(243)-2012
chinh cua bai ludn noi tilng nay, cung Id chu truong ciia Fukuzawa Yukichi, dupe tdm gpn trong hai chfl
"Thoat A". Nghia la Ihoat khdi vdng kiem Ida cua nln van hda tieu ndng, cd hii lac hdu, nang vl hinh thfle gia tao ben ngoai cua cdc nude chau A ma Trung Quoc la diln hinh, dl hpc theo nln van minh phuong Tdy vd hdi nhap vao thi gidi ben ngoai. Muc dich ciia chu truong "Thoat A" la gifl ddc lap cho nudc Nhat va giup nudc nay phat triln theo kip cac nudc phuong Tdy duong thdi. Chinh nhd chii truong nay, cdng vdi su triln khai thdnh cdng cua phong Uao Duy Tan, nudc Nhat da hinh thanh dupe mdt he thd'ng cac thang gia tri mdi vd hdi nhap dupe vdi ben ngodi, giflp cho nudc Nhat khdng chi gifl duoc ddc lap, ma cdn trd thdnh mdt cudng qud'c vl kinh tl, van hda va khoa hoc ky thuat sau nay.
Trd ve vdi viee hien dai hoa nln hanh chinh cua Viet Nam. Cac chinh tri gia, eae nhd quan ly va gidi tri thfle deu thd'ng nhdl rdng, cdn phai hien dai hda nln hanh chinh nha nudc theo hudng phuc vu. Tuy nhien, vdn de ehu ye'u va then ehdt d day la phai tao dung dupe mdt tu duy mdi de thay ddi cung each flng xfl cua nhung chu thi trong nln hdnh chinh, gifla nen hdnh chinh vdi phdn cdn lai cua xa hdi trong qud trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude va toan cdu hda. Chu thi cua su "tao dung" tren day khdng ehi la Nhd nude, ma cdn la edc chii the khdc trong xa hdi cd md'i quan he vdi Nhd nude. Chung ta cdn su bieh chuyen cua tu duy va nhan thfle vl vai trd cua Nhd nudc tfl "quan ly", "eai tri" sang "quan tri",
"phuc vu" va su nhin nhan lai vai trd cua Nha nudc theo quan dilm md Bde Hd da chi day la: "Chinh phu phai la ddy td cua nhan ddn..."**, "cac co quan cua Chinh phu tfl todn qudc cho de^n cdc lang. dIu la cdng bdc cua nhan dan"^, thi khi dd, chde chdn hien dai hda nln hanh chuih se cd nln tang ben vung vd djnh hudng rd rdng. Cung cdn thdng nhdt rdng, sir nhin nhdn lai vai trd cua Nhd nude chde chdn phai diln ra
ddng thdi vdi su nhin nhdn lai vai ird ciia cac chu Ihl quyin luc khdc trong xa hdi va phai tiln hanh ddng thdi vdi eai cdch kinh ll, eai cdch ehinh tri de thanh cdng eiia chung 1dm tiln dl cho nhau vd su lien bd ciia mdi cudc eai each se khdng gap phai nhflng gidi han cd thi.
3. Opng luc de hien dai hda nen hanh chinh la gi?
Dl hien dai hod nln hdnh chinh, ben canh "hien dai hda" tu duy, chung ta cung cdn xac djnh ro ndi ham cua ddng luc. Hien nay, trude tinh trang nln hanh chinh nha nude dupe eai each cham va idn tai nhieu vail dl bflc xuc, kim ham suphat triln xa hdi vd quyIn dan chu cua cdng ddn, ihi nhilu ngudi, trong dd cd cac nhd qudn 1;^ cdp cao deu nhin nhan, eai each nln hdnh chinh la mdt ddng luc cho sir phat triln kinh te - xa hdi. Thi nhung, eai gi Id ddng luc cho eai each, hien dai hda nln hanh ehinh thi edn la dieu can duoc xac dinh rd mdt each khoa hpc.
Thdng thudng, khi ban vl cac chu iruong, dudng Idi phdt triln kinh le' - xa hdi, ben eanh vdn dl nguon luc, bao gid ngudi ta cung ban tdi ddng luc phdt triln.
Tuy nhien, cho den nay, van de ddng luc ciing cdn nhilu diem, khia canh phai ban them cho ro. The nao Id ddng luc? Lam the' nao dl tao ra dupe ddng luc va phai huy ddng lire mdt each tdi nhdl cho hien dai hda nln hdnh chinh? Mud'n Idm rd nhung van de nay, chung tdi cho rdng, phai bat ddu tfl viec tim hilu rd nhung vdn dl dudi day tren tinh thdn da thuc hien
"hien dai hod" tu duy.
Bong luc, hilu theo nghia trill hpc, la ddng co, la sflc manh thiic ddy tdt ca mpi hanh ddng cua con ngudi. Cung cd the coi day la mdt trang thai noi tai, cung cdp sinh luc vd hudng con ngudi vao nhung hanh vi cd muc dich. Tuy nhien, tfl nhdn thfle den quan niem vl ddng luc hien nay cdn cd nhilu cdch hieu khac nhau. Ngudi ta cho rdng, giao due - dao tao hay khoa hpc - cdng nghe hoac thi chi kinh le' hay dai
Ddn chu & Phap ludt I
QfLgkiin eitu • Qraio^ dii S6 6 (243) - 2i
dodn kit dan Idc dIu cd Ihl Id ddng luc... Nhung ehflng tdi thi hilu rdng, dii quan trpng thindo chang nfla, cac vdn dl tren cQng chi Id nhflng giai phdp ciia qud trinh phdt triln. Nd cd ^ nghia nhu "dudng ddn"
dl lam xudt hien hoac gia tang gia tri cua cdc ngudn luc. Ban than chung khdng phai Id ddng luc phdt triln kinh t l - xa hdi. Cung nhu vd'n dl gdp phai ciia "Dl dn Tin hpc hda hdnh chinh nhd nude 112", rdt nhilu may tinh Uang bi cho cdng chflc chu ylu dupe dung dl choi game, chat... Chiing ta da quen rdng, cdng nghe thdng tin chi Id phuong tien, chfl ban thdn nd khdng tao ra tinh tich cue trong cdng viec khi con ngudi sfl dung nd khdng tich cue. Thuc tiln khai thdc vd tao dung ddng luc d Viet Nam dat ra nhilu vdn dl tfl nhan thfle de'n phuong each tie'p can mdi.
\)i xac dinh ddng luc cua eai cdch va hien dai hda nln hdnh chinh d Viet Nam hien nay, ehflng tdi cho rdng, cd hai nhdm ddng luc din tfl ben ngodi vd ben trong:
Trude hit, Id dong luc bin ngodi. Qua trinh hdi nhap qudc te' ngdy cdng sdu rdng cua nudc ta da tao mdt dp luc lo Idn len nln hdnh chuih qudc gia. Hieu qua cua nln hanh chinh gid day da trd thdnh mdt ylu td sdng edn cua nang luc canh tranh qudc gia, quy^t dinh din sir phdt triln hay lut hdu ciia da't nudc.
Nhflng bdt cap, ban chi dupe chi ra nhilu hdn cflng la ca hdi tdt dl nln hdnh chinh qudc gia ddn dupe hoan thien. Tuy nhien, sflc €p tfl qud trinh hdi nhdp vdn chua that Idn lao, md yeu cdu tang cudng sy giam sdt cua nhan dan dd'i vdi cdc co quan hanh chi'nh nha nudc mdi that sy Id quan trpng.
Trong dilu kien Nha nudc la Id Nha nudc cua dan, do dan vd vi dan, thi ngudi ddn edn dupe hilu ho "Id chu" vd quan trpng hon la bill each "lam chii" nln hanh chinh qudc gia ndi rieng vd quyIn lye nha nudc ndi chung. Nhan dan ta edn dupe tuyen truyin, phd bien va giao due dl hilu rd vai trd cua minh nhu Bdc Hd da day: "Ne'u Chinh phu lam hai ddn, thi dan cd quyIn dudi Chinh phu""*. Vdi linh thdn nhu the', mdi
mdt hien lupng tieu eye md dm cua nln hanh chii gap phai sflc ddu tranh khdng khoan nhupng quang dai qudn chiing nhan ddn - nhu mdt lilu kl sinh eye manh eflu chfla cho nhflng benh tat trdm ciia bd mdy hdnh chfnh nudc nha. 6 nhdm ndy, I Ihflc ddng lye vat chdt vd tinh thdn dupe thi hita'j tilp. C^ nghia Id. d mflc dd cu thi, quy£t dinh, hdij cua bd mdy hdnh chinh nhd nudc dIu cd tdc ddng i dinh tdi nhflng cdng ddn, td chflc cd lien quan. Do mpi sy philn hd, nhieu khe cua nln hdnh chinb gian tilp dnh hudng tdi Ipi ich cua ngudi dan, ii thi Id thdi gian, chi phi tiln bac. hay nhflng eo hdi xudt, kinh doanh mang lai nlu dupe h6 (rp tdt tit:
hanh chi'nh.
6 khia canh khac, nhflng hanh vi cua bd mdy b chinh nhu tham nhung, tham d, lang phi,... diul that thoat tai san qudc gia. Khi dd, khdng phai i hdnh chi'nh dd chiu thiet hai, ma sy diiet hai se bi' ddu" cho ngudi dan thdng qua cdc khoan no qudc md cdc thd he cdng ddn phai tra thdng qua cdc IdH thud, phi, le phi. Cd thi Ihd'y. nhflng Ipi ich mai nln hanh chinh hien dai cd thi dem lai cho ngudi d thi dd cung la nhutig tdn that ma ngudi dan phai d n^u nhu nd cdn nhilu bdi cap, nhung nhilu. Nhibg ich dd chinh la ly do dl ngudi ddn tao dp luc nhun ddi hdi idt ydu eho qua trinh hien dai hda nln Id chinh.
The con dong luc bin trong Id gi? Di tun dfl lye ben trong ciia nln hanh chuih ddng nghia vdi w giai ddp cdu hoi can bd, cdng chflc lam viec vdi dd iyc gt? Mdi nln hdnh chinh Id'l phai cd ddng lucl lao dl ty van hdnh, ty phdt triln, ddng thdi ty nhld vd ty phan khdng vdi nhflng ban chd ydu kem cuai thdn nd. Ddng luc Idm viec cua can bd, cdng chifc thi de'n tfl chd dd thudng phat khach quan, cdng bai xflng dang; cung cd ihl ddn tfl mdi trudng, diln'M phuong tien vd each thfle lam viec, co hdi thSngli hoac tfl nhflng quy dinh vl trdch nhiem, bdn phfflft vdi tflng ca nhdn. Thyc td, cdn phai cd nhflng khao:
D l DAn chu & Phan liiAt
tghim eitu - ^rae^ dii 86 6(243)-2012
loa hpc de hilu rd mong mud'n cua dpi ngu can bd, ing chflc vl ddng lye lam viec, tranh nhflng nhin idn cam tinh.
Thyc tiln eai each hdnh chinh trong thdi gian qua nudc la da du ehflng minh vai tro quan trpng ciia iec xac dinh dung va khoi day trung nhung ddng lye ia eai each va hien dai hda nen hanh chi'nh. Khi chua ac dinh rd chu thi ciia ddng luc va "kit cd'u" ciia bng lye, dudng nhu chung ta vdn chua thoat dupe bng trdn ludn qu^n cua qua trinh eai each hanh hinh, chua xac dinh dupe mdi xich then chdt cdn tac Cing de lam thay ddi mdt he thdng vdn cd sflc i qud hi.
Sau 10 nam thyc hien Chuong trinh eai each hanh ninh nhd nudc, giai doan 2001 - 2010 va 3 cudc cai .Ich lien luong, thu nhap cua can bd, edng chflc vdn iflc thdp (mdi dap flng tfl 30 ddn 50% nhu cdu tdi
;u ciia cac gia dinh cdng chflc). Hieu qua cua viec each liln luong chua dang ke, chua lao dupe thay CG ban nhu muc tieu dl ra. Tiln luong chua thyc trd thanh ddng Iyc cua nen edng vu, nang cao nang
ddi ngu cdn bd, cdng chflc, nang eao hieu lire, hieu i cua nen hanh chinh edng". Mflc luong nay chua ) dam ddi sdng eua ngudi hudng luong, chua du sflc ih tranh vdi khu vuc ngoai nha nude. Thuc trang 1 luong khdng du sdng va mang nang linh biiih in, cao bdng nhu hien nay dang la mdt trong nhflng lyen nhan cua tham nhung, an bdt gid lam, lang phi ft xam..., Id luc can ddi vdi sy phat triln kinh te- xa
. 6 khu vuc hanh chinh nhd nudc hien nay cd bdt ) Idn la tiln luong theo he sd ngach, bSe rdl thdp, jng dii sdng, nhung thu nhap ngoai luong rdt cao LU thudc vao vi iri, chflc danh cdng viec, ITnh vuc in ly, vung, miln...), khdng cd gidi ban, khdng ih bach Va khdng kilm soat dupe. Trong dd, cd lu thu nhap khdng chinh dang do Ipi dung quyIn , tham nhung ma cd.
Nhu vay, viec nhan thfle dupe rd chu ihl cua ddng
lye va "kll cd'u" cua ddng lye se Id nhflng dinh hudng CO ban cho viec hodn thien ehddd edng vu, liln luong b nudc la, lao ddng lye cho eai each, hien dai hda nln hanh chinh nha nudc. Tun ra dupe nhflng ddng lye quan trpng nhdl va khuydn khi'ch nhihig ddng lye d'y bang cac chinh sach phii hpp se khien ddi ngu can bd, edng chflc lam viee hang say, Idn tuy. Vi khi dy, Ipi ich cua xa hdi vd Ipi ich ca nhan can bd, cdng chflc se gap nhau, trong mdt nln hanh chinh nang ddng va trach nhiem. Hudng di hpp vdi quy luat van ddng khach quan, ddng lye ben trong va ben ngoai cung thuc ddy manh me se la nhflng dilu kiSn cdn thidl cho mdt nln hdnh chinh Viet Nam tie'n nhanh, tiln manh va lien vimg chde tren Id Innh hien dai hda ddy nhflng chdng gai, nhung khdng thi khdng tien hanh vi mdi ddi nudc phdn vinh va thinh vupng G
I. Van hen Dai hoi Ddng loan qud'c Idn iMKl.
2 Bao cao Nang hcc canh tranh loan cdu duoc WEF cdng bo ngay 1019 lai Bdc Kinh, Trung Qudc, iruac (hem hoi nghi ihucfng nien cua lo chiic nay diin ra Igi Thien Tdn.
3. hltplITinlSO.coin/khoahoc/. Ithtiyel-lien-hoa-va- nhung-bi-mal-khong-ngo.htinl, ngdy 271112011.
4. Thai ra. irudc khi dua ra CMe'n Imc cdi cdch hanh chinh, vao thdi ky gian kho nhdl cua dai nUdc sau ngay thd'ng nhdl. Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam da nhdn manh mot cdch cong khai Irong loan Ddng rdng. "Ddng phdi ihay ddi, phdi ddi mdi, dat nudc phdi lien hdnh cdi cdch nhieu mai".
5. hllp:l/vieinaimet.viilvn/chinh-lnl57l59llhu-tuong- cai-cach-con-qua'Cham.hlml, ngdy 1410112012
6. Cung nhu cum ti{"cdng bdc. day Id nhdn ddn" vdn hay xudt Men Iren mat bdo vdi y nghia Irdo phiing...
7. Bai 'Thodl A Luan" cua Fukuzawa Yukichi duac ddng ngdy 161311885 bdi idTkdi SuTdn Bdo cua Nhat Bdn; xem:
http:llluanvielnam.vielnamnet.vnl20l0-01-14-lhoal-a-luan 8. ThugAi Uy ban Nhdn ddn cdc ky. linh, huyen vd Idng, bdo Cihi qud'c sora ngay 17/1011945.
9 Ho Chi Minh loan tap. Tap 4, NKB Su that, trang 283.
JO. Hd Chi Minh lodn lap. Tdp 4, N)(B Su dial. Irang 283.
II. Trong 3 ndm (2006-2009) dd cd idi 16.000 ngudi xin ra khoi khu vi/c nhd nudc. Kem- hllpillhanoimoi.
com.vnlnewsde(aill]&i-hoi!376481l%C4%91ong-luc-cua-cai- cach-hanh-chinh.htin, ngdy 21I09I20I0.
