KINHTE
GIAI PHAP TANG Cl/CfNG TIN DUNG NGAN HANG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE NONG NGHIEP VUNG KINH TE TRONG DIEM
VUNG DONG BANG SONG ClTU LONG
• LE PHAN THANH HOA - MAI BINH DUCiNG
T 6 M TAT:
Thidu hut vdn cho phdt indn kinh td ndng nghiep (KTNo) Viing kinh td trpng diem (KTTD) Vilng dong bang sdng Cufu Long (DBSCL) dang la vd'n d l ca'p thidt ca ve ly ludn vd thifc tiSn.
Trong bd'i canh cde nguon vdn khac cdn han ehe, tin dung ngan hang (TDNH) vdn id mdt trong nhffng kenh quan trpng cung ffng vd'n cho ndng nghiep, mdc dii cdn nhO'ng ban chd can difdc khac phuc. Bai vidt d l xud't mot sd gidi phap tang cu'dng TDNH phat trien KTNo Vfing KTTD viing DBSCL.
Tuf khda: Kinh te nong nghiep, tin dung ngdn hang, viing kinh td trpng diem, Dong bang sdng Cu'u Long.
l.D0tv3'ndd
DBSCL difdc chon la ndi ifu lien phat tridn KTNo cua Viet Nam bdi hang nam vung DBSCL san xua't hdn 55% san lUdng lua hang hda, 69%
san lu'dng thuy san, 70% san lu'dng irdi cdy, ddng g6p hdn 90% sdn lifdng gao xua'l khau, 60% san ItfOng thuy san xud't kha'u ca nifdc [1]. Song thdi gian qua, sif phat trien KTNo viing DBSCL vdn thidu tinh bin virng can thidt, chu'a trd thanh vUng kinh tdnang dong, chifa Id dpng life cho phat trien viing DBSCL nh\i mong mud'n. Mdt trong nhifng nguyen nhan Id do vdn cua cde td ehi?c tin dung vilng DBSCL chi ddp u'ng difdc khoang tren difdi 70% nhu cau vay vdn dd dau ttf cho san xud't nong
nghiep, trong do vd'n eho vay trung, dai ban chi dap u'ng dUdc gan 30% [2]. VI vdy, can ed giai phdp tang cifdng TDNH cho nong nghiep DBSCL, nhat la cho Viing KTTD cua DBSCL.
2. Vd'n huy dpng va duf nrf cho vay - nh0ng vdfn de dang d$t ra
2.1. Von huydQng vd dUnefcho vay Thuc trang vdn huy ddng va dif nd cho vay KTNo Vung KTTD thdi gian qua cho thd'y da cd nhiJng cdgang nha'l dinh (Bang 1).
TCf Bang 1 cho thay ngudn vdn huy ddng nam 2011 tang 24.73% so vdi nam 2010. So sanh tifdng tu nam 2012 tdng 32.01'7f: nam 2013 tdng 9.26^f.
TAP CHi CONG THtflfNG
Bang 1. Vdn huy dong va da nd cho vay cua cac chi nhdnh ngan hdng thUdng mqi (NHTM) Iren dia ban Vung KTTD vung DBSCL giai dogn 2011 - 2017
EXin vi tinh: Ty dong
Chi tieu
long von tiuy dong Tdng du no Clio vay
Nam 2011
66.326 119.001
2012 87.560 129.231
2013 95.664 142.584
2014 110.420 167.313
2015 126.694 171.513
2016 148.914 193.066
2017 176.949 217 078 Nguon: Tong hap Bdo cdo c c chi nhdnh Ngdn hang Nhd nUdc (NHNN) linh [3-6]
nam 2014 lang 15,42%; nam 2015 tang 14.74%;
nam 2016 tang 17,54%; nam 2017 lang 18,83%.
Nam 2010 va 2012 vd'n huy ddng tdng cao la do lai sudt huy ddng cao, ed liic cham tran 22%. Mdt phan do thi trifdng ba't ddng san trong nUdc "ddng bang" ciing vdi kinh te the gidi chifa ra khdi cupe suy thoai nam 2007, la nhi?ng tac ddng de nguon lien nhan rdi "chay" vao ngan hang. Trong cdca'u nguIn vd'n buy ddng, ngudn tien gijfi ngdn ban ehid'm ty trpng Idn, nam 2011 cd ty trpng 72,64%, nam 2017 giam cdn 56,51% trong tdng sd'tiln gu'i;
tiln giti cd ky ban tren 12 thdng nam 2011 ed ty trpng 14,32% va tdng len trong nam 2017 la 30,01%; edn lai la lien gii'i khong ky han.
Dif nd eho vay eua cde chi nhdnh NHTM Vilng KTTD lang trifdng qua cde nam tff 2011-2017, trong dd eho vay ngan ban chiem ty trpng tif 65%
den 74% iren long dif nd cho vay, cu the nam 2011 la 73,98%; nam 2012 la 69,92%; nam 2013 la 68,06%; nam 2014 la 66,91%; nam 2015 la 64,88%; nam 2016 la 64,48%; nam 2017 la 59,98%; phan cdn lai la cho vay tren 12 thdng chiem trung binh khoang 33% tren tdng dU nd cho vay. Neu ddi chidu vdi nguon vd'n huy dgng cho tha'y vdn huy dpng thdi ban difdi 12 ihdng ly trpng trung binh cde nam chidm tren 70% tham chi xa'p xi 86% vao ndm 2011. Dieu nay cho tha'y cac chi nhanh NHTM tren dia ban ViJng giai doan 2011- 2017 da phai .suf dung len den 69% (nam 2011) vd'n huy dpng ngdn ban de cho vay trung dai ban.
ndm 2017 giam edn 39%. ty 1$ nay nam trong gidi han cho phep cua NHNN.
Rieng boat ddng cho vay phdt trien KTNo Vung KTTD nhiing nam qua tuy cd tdng len. song
nhin ehung vdn trong tinh irang thieu vd'n so vdi nhu cau vay. Dif nd KTNo Viing KTTD vilng DBSCL the hien trong Bang 2 difdi day.
Tif Bang 2 cho thd'y dif no cho vay KTNo Vung KTTD ndm 2011 so vdi nam 2010 tang trifdng Id 5,9%. So sanh tu'dng tif cho edc nam, nam 2012 tang trifdng 8,44%; nam 2013 tdng tnfdng 14,43%;
nam 2014 lang tnfdng 8,71%; ndm 2015 tdng tnfdng 23,36%; nam 2016 tang tnfdng 17,15%, va nam 2017 tdng irudng 12,66%. Viec tang ndy chu yeu la nhd edc chinh sach, cbi dao ciia Chinh phu va NHNN Viet Nam, dac biet la khi cd Nghi dinh sd 41/2010, Nghi quydt sd 14/NQ-CP, Nghi dinh sd 55/20I5/ND-CP cua Chinh phu ve chinh sach tin dung phuc vu phdt tridn ndng nghidp ndng thdn va Thdng iif sd 10/2015/TT-NHNN cua NHNN Viet Nam nhdm hodn thien hdn nifa chinh sach tin dung dd'i vdi ndng nghiep nong thon.
Trong cac nam 2018-2020, TDNH vln difdc tidp tuc lang cu'dng cho vay nong nghiep ndng thdn. Chang han, Ngan hang TMCP Sdi Gdn - Hd Ndi (SHB) vifa dUdc Dif an "Chuyen ddi Ndng nghiep bin viTng - VnSAT" do Ngan bang The gidi (WB) tai trd, tang ban miJc them 300 ty dong cho hdp phan lua gao cua ndm 2020, nang tdng han mifc dif an len 700 ty ddng, dieu nay cd ^ nghTa vd cilng quan irpng trong thdi diem hien nay ddi vdi khu vifc DBSCL [11], Theo NHNN Viet Nam trong giai doan 2015-2018, tin dung khu vifc DBSCL luon cd sif tdng tnfdng manh vdi mifc binh quan 15%/nam. Den cud'i thang 7/2019, du- nd tin dung ciia khu vifc dat gan 624 ngdn ty ddng, tang 7,76% .so vdi cudi ndm 2018. eao hdn miJe tang tnfdng ehung dd'i vdi nen kinh le ed 180 So 17-Thang 7/2020
KINI TE
Bong 2. DU nd cho vay KTNo tgi cde chi nhdnh NHTful tren dia bdn vung KHD vung DBSCL giai dogn 2011-2017
Don vi tinh: Ty dong
Cliltieu
Tfing du ng cho vay nen kmh te T^ng du nt? cho vay KTNo MLIC tang dii nd cho vay KTNo T6c do tang trifdng dd no cho vay KTNo (%) Ty trgng dd nd cho vay KTNo/Tdng dd nd cho vay {%)
Nam 1 2011
119.001 49.873 2.778
5,90
41,91 2012 129 231
54.084 4.211
8,44
41,85 2013 142.684 61888
7.804
14,43
43,40 2014 157.313 67.279
5.391
8,71
42,77 2015 171.513
82.997 15.718
23,36
48,39 2016 193.066
97 228 14.231
17,15
50,36 2017 217.076 109.538 12310
12,66
50,46
Nguon: Tong hop Bdo cdo cua cde chi nhdnh NHNN iinh 13-6}
nifdc (mifc ehung Id 7,46%). Rieng Ngdn hang Nong nghiep va Pbat trien Ndng thdn Viet Nam (Agribank) tinh den thang 02/2020 da dat dif nd tin dung 162 ngdn ty ddng dd'i vdi khu vifc DBSCL, chidm 14,7% tdng du np loan hd thdng, tdng 0,1% so vdi dau nam.
Nhffng didn bid^n trdn cho tha'y cho dii cd nhffng khd khan nhifng he thd'ng cde chi nhanh NHTM tren dia ban Viing da cd nhieu cd'gang tang cifdng TDNH phdt tridn KTNo Vung KTTD vung DBSCL. Du'di sif tac dpng tff cd che chinh sdeh cua Chinh phu, cac bd, nganh dd'i vdi hoat ddng TDNH thdi gian qua da dem lai eho Vung KTTD viing DBSCL sff chuyen bie'n tich cffe vd dat difdc nhffng thanh tffu dang kd. Cd ca'u kinh td cua VDng KTTD chuyen ddi tich cffc theo hudng giam dan ty trpng khu vifc ndng 1dm ngff nghiep (ty trpng 30%) va lang ty trpng khu vifc cdng nghiep, xay dung, dich vu (ty trpng 70%). Tong san pham tren dia bdn (GRDP) giai doan 2011-2017 eua Vilng KTTD vung DBSCL ffdc dat khoang 1.620.294 ty ddng [7-10]. Bffdc dau hinh thdnh vilng sdn xua't lap trung, chuyen canh vdi cac san ph^m ehu Iffc la lua gao, thuy san. trdi cay, hang ndm san xud't hdn 55% san Iffdng liia hang hda, 69% san Iffdng thuy san, 70% san Iffdng trdi cay eua ca nffde [1].
2.2. NhSng va'n de dang dqt ra
Ben canh nhifng thanh lifu dat dffdc, vln con mpt so' ton tai ban che va nhi?ng vd'n de dang ddt ra trong phat trien KTNo Viing KTTD vung DBSCL:
- Nguon vd'n huy ddng lai chd cdn ban che;
- Mot bd phan life Iffdng lao dpng trong ITnh vffc ngan hang tren dia ban VCing KTTD edn yeu;
- Cho vay cdn ddn trai, thieu tap trung, nhieu cong trinh quan irong trong giao thong, van tai, ben cang va nhu'ng ed sd ha tang KTTD trien khai cham;
- KTNo Viing KTTD viing DBSCL chffa the hien rd net theo hffdng ben vffng, tang chuoi gia tri;
- Han ehe' bdi kei ca'u va quy md KTNo, ehu ydu van la kinh td hd gia dinh, san xua't nho le, ky thuat tha'p, san xua'l chffa gdn ke't that sU vdi thi trffdng;
- Han che vl nguon nhan Iffc trong KTNo. s6 lao dpng KTNo chffa qua ddo tao cdn nhieu, nha't la thie'u nhan lffe bdc cao trong KTNo;
- Han chd do chffa cd TCTD chu life thffe sff chuyen cho vay KTNo,
- Han chd trong sdng ehung vdi bidn ddi khi hau.
TAP CHi CONG T H M
3. Giai phap tSng cifdng TDNH phat tridn KTNo viing KTTD vung DBSCL
Thii nhdt. tang cffdng hoan thien huy dpng vo'n va lien ket huy ddng vdn. Cac chi nhanh NHTM VCing KTTD can xay difng ke hoach md rpng huy ddng vdn thdng qua cac hinh thffc da dang nhff liet kiem bdc thang, tiet kiem sieu linh hoal, tiet kiem dff thffdng, liet Idem ira lai trffdc, tiet kiem lich luy, . Thffc hien phan khue khach hang, dffa ra cac san pham huy dpng vdn phii hpp vdi ddc tnfiig san xua't ndng nghiep, nhif huy ddng theo mila vu thu hoach, danh bat, nuoi trong. Md rpng kenh huy dpng vdn qua phat hanh trdi phidu doanh nghiep nha't la trdi phieu cd muc dich phdt trien KTNo cdng nghe eao de thu hiit cac nha dau tff.
Thii hai, hoan thien kd hoach thifc hien chien Iffdc nang cao ndng lffe nguon nhan lffe thich ffng vdi hoal dpng ngdn bdng thdi ky mdi. Cac chi nhanh ngan hang vung KTTD caned kd hoach to chffc chu ddng ddo tao, bdi dffdng cho nhan vien ngan hang thifdng xuydn, qua dd nang cao linh chuyen nghiep vd dao dffc nham phdt trien ngudn nhan life thich ffng vdi ffng dung cong nghe, ky thudt mdi. Cac chi nhdnh NHTM Viing KTTD can lien ket vdi nhau trong dao tao, bdi du'dng chuyen sau theo chuyen de nhff KTNo cong nghe cao, cho vay KTNo trong moi trffdng bien doi khi bau, tin dung xanh, cho vay chan nudi edng nghd cao, cho vay trong lua, cay an trdi, hoa mau hifu cd va cdng nghe cao, san sang tham gia hdi nhdp ngan hang ngay cang sau rdng trong thdi dai cdng nghe 4.0.
Thii ba, tap trung vd'n dau tff theo "chuoi c0 sd ha tang trpng didm". Tap trung cao ngudn vd'n dau tff cho "chudi ed sd ha tang trpng diem" tff nhilu ngudn bao gom vd'n ngan sach, vd'n tff tich liiy, vd'n xa hdi hda, vd'n dau iff nude ngoai, vd'n tai trd tff nffde ngodi, va dac biet la vdn TDNH.
tao dieu kien tang cffdng TDNH phat trien KTNo Viing trpng diem. Cd the trffdc het ehpn "chuoi cd sd ba tang trpng diem" bao gom: KTNo Viing KTTD. tuydn van tai thuy gim cang Cdi Mep - Thi Vai d Ba Ria - Vung Tau. cang Sai Gdn nd'i vdi edc tuyen dffdng thuy (nhff song Xoai Rap.
kenh nffdc Mdn. .sdng Vain Co. kenh Chd Gao,
sdng Tien) den cac cang d DBSCL va doanh nghiep logistics hien dai de dau tff nham tao nen cd sd vdt cha't ky thuat ddng bo.
Thii tu, tap trung cho vay KTNo cdng nghd mdi va san ph^m chu life. Tap trung TDNH ciia edc chi nhdnh NHTM tren dia ban cho vay KTNo cdng nghe mdi: ndng nghiep hffu ed, nong nghiep cdng nghe cao dp dung theo VietGap, GlobalGAP, AseanGap, tieu chud'n Chdu Au, tham chi la tieu chuan quy dinh cua tffng qudc gia, tffng thi trffdng.
Tap trung eho vay 3 ITnh vffc chii yeu Id thuy hai san; cay an trdi, hoa mdu; lua gao. Cu the: Can Thd can tap irung dau tff thanh trung lam cdng nghi6p, thffdng mai - dich vu, gido due - dao tao, khoa hpc - cdng nghe, y id va van hda ciia viing DBSCL; bdn canh dd, chu trpng san xua't liia chat Iffdng cao, vilng rau an todn, vdng cdy an trdi ddc san gdn vdi du Uch sinh thai, nudi ed tra.
An Giang chu trong cho vay dau tff lua, cd tra, xoai chat Iffdng eao, rau mdu, cdy dffde lieu. Kien Giang tap trung cho vay diu tff phdt trien liia gao, tom, ihijy san, ho tieu, khdm, chan nudi gia sue, gia cam. Tap trung eho vay d Ca Mau theo 6 nganh hang ndng san chu life Id liia eha't Iffdng cao, keo lai, ea sat bdi, tom sinh thai, cua bien vd chudi. TDNH dau tif KTNo theo chudi lien ket theo chudi gid tri tff san xua't - chd bien - tidu thu - chudi doanh nghiep logistics hien dai de cd ndng sud't eao, sdn pham sach, giam cbi phi, gia thdnh tha'p, ndng lffe canh tranh ciia san phim trdn thi trffdng cao.
Thii nam. cho vay tap trung phat trien KTNo, ban chd cho vay dan trai. Tang cffdng TDNH cho vay loan dien hdn theo chuoi gia tri, cho vay chdl che hdn de ban chd rui ro, cho vay de ldi san xudt KTNo md rpng theo chilu sau. V l cd ban tdng Cffdng TDNH phat trien KTNo Vung KTTD chi tap trung cho vay phat trien KTNo cdng nghd mdi, nen dan cham dfft cho vay dan trai, eho vay san xud't nhd ky thudt lae bau. Difa theo ip trinb phdt trien nong nghiep trong quy hoaeh ehung ciia DBSCL, theo dd tff 2020 den 2025 giam cho vay san xud't ndng nghiep ky thuat lac hSu vd den 2030 eha'm dfft cho vay KTNo sff dyng cdng nghe cu. Day la \an de mang u'nh dot phd trong 182 So 17-Thang 7/2020
KINHTE
tdng cffdng TDNH phdt trien KTNo viing KTTD viing DBSCL.
Thvtsdu, thanh lap cdng ly co phan KTNo, khu cong nghiep ndng nghiep edng nghe cao. Can dau nf de cd the thanh lap cdng ty cd phan KTNo bang each chuyen hdp tac xa kieu mdi thdnh cong ty c6 phIn va thdnh Idp mdi cong ty cd phan KTNo.
Day chinh la hinh thffe xd hpi hda ihifc te cao trong ITnh vffc KTNo cd kha nang huy dpng sffe ngffdi, sffe ciia dau tff phat trien KTNo cdng nghe cao. Tie'p ddn ihanh lap khu cdng nghiep nong nghiep cdng nghe cao bao gom nhffng doanh nghiep chuyen vl linh vifc nong nghiep cd tam vdc tren thi trffdng trong vd ngoai nffdc. Bffdc pbat trien nay se gdp phan quan trpng giai quye't va'n de ddm bao ndng ddn cd viec lam, cd thu nhdp, cd nha d, dffdc hpc hanh, ddo tao nghe, difdc cham lo y td, sffe khde, dffdc hffdng nffdc sach, nang dan gid tri cudc sd'ng.
Thd bay. chu trpng nang cao nguon nhan life quan tri cho KTNo. Tdng cffdng bdi dffdng ve ky nang quan tri hien dai, nhffng kidn thffe ve tai chinh, kd toan, v l quan tri sdn xua'l, kinh doanh, qudn tri nhdn sff, quan tri thi trffdng. Qua irinh dao tao can gan chat giffa ly thuyet vdi thffc hanh tai
cac hpp tac xa kieu mdi, cae doanh nghiep KTNo.
Nen giao eho Trffdng Dai bpc Can Thd Id dau md'i td chffc dao tao, hud'n luyen cdn bp quan tri KTNo cho Viing KTTD va DBSCL.
Thd tdm, thidt lap cd ehd de Agribank lam ngan hang chii life chuyen sau cho vay KTNo.
Nha nffdc cd the ehpn va nang cao hdn nffa vi the, trpng trach cua Agribank lam ngan hang chii life chuyen sau cho vay NoNT. De thffc hien giai phdp ehpn Agribank lam ngan hang chii life chuyen sau cho vay KTNo can sdm hoan thien cd che, chinh sach tap trung ngudn vd'n iff cac NHTM dd tdng ngudn vd'n cho Agribank nhu nhieu nffde dd lam.
Thii chin, chii dpng nang eao nhan ihffc sau sdc ve ehung sd'ng vdi bien ddi khi hau. Bidn ddi khi hau xet eho cung cung mang tinh quy luat do sff dich chuyen cua vu tru va sif tde ddng eua con ngffdi. Do vay can phdi tieh effc thich ngbi de ehung sdng vdi bien ddi khi bau. Tdi nguyen thien nhien eung bien ddi iff dang nay sang dang khdc, va nhff vay van de la con ngu'di thich nghi vd khai thac tdi nguyen mdi nhff the nao. Do vay Idnbdao cac tinh Viing KTTD la nhffng "thanh id cd sd"
cilng nhdn dan "sang tao" phffdng thffc ehung sd'ng vdi bidn ddi khi hdu, song "thudn thien" •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Ban Chi dao TSy Nam Bo (2011 -06/2017), Vdn ban hgi nghi. bdo cdo ve KTXH vdng DBSCL vd ihdng tin hoat ddng cac ndm 2011 den thdng 6/2017, Can Thd.
2. Ban Chi dao Tdy Nam Bp - NHNN Viet Nam - UBND tinh VTnh Long (2013). Ky yeu hoi thdo: Hogl dong tin dung ngan hdng ihtic ddy phdt trien kinh te'xa hoi vdng Dong bdng song Cvtu Long. VTnh Long.
3. Chi nhdnh Ngan hang Nha nifdc An Giang (2011-2017), Bdo cdo long ket cua Chi nhdnh Ngdn hc'ing Nhd nudc (cdendm2011 den2017). AnG'iang.
4. Chi nhanh Ngan hang Nha nUdc Ca Mau (2011-2017), Bdo cdo long ket cda Chi nhdnh Ngdn iidng Nhd nuik (cde ndm 2011 den 2017), Ca Mau.
5. Chi nhanh Ngan hang Nha nifde TP. Can Thd (2011 -2017), Bdo cdo long ket aia Chi nhdnh Ngdn lidng Nhd nudc (edc ndm 2011 den 2017). TP. Can Thd.
6. Chi nhanh Ngdn hdng Nha nifdc Kien Giang (2011 -2017), Bdo cdo long ket cua CIn nlidnh Ngdn hdng Nha nudc (edcndm2011 den2017). KienGlang.
7. Cue Thdng ke tinh An Giang (2011 -2017), Nien gidm thong ke (tit ndm 2011 den ndm 2017), An Giang.
TAP CHi CONG THIfllNIi
8. Cue Thong k6 tinh Ca Mau (2011-2017), Nien gidm thong ke (tir ndm 2011 den ndm 2017). Ca Mau.
9. Cue Thong ke TP. Can Thd (2011-2017), Nien gidm tho'ng ke (tilndm 2011 den ndm 2017). TP. Can Thd.
10. Cue Thong ke tinh Kien Giang (2011-2017), Nien gidm thifng ke (til nam 2011 den ndm 2017). Kien Giang.
11. Website cia NgSn hing TMCP Sai Gon - Ha Noi, Ngan h4ng Nha nUdc Viet Nam, Tong cue Thong ke Ngay nhan bai: 18/6/2020
Ngay phan bien danh gia va sSa chifa: 29/6/2020 Ngay chg'p nli^n dang bai: 8/7/2020
Thongtintdcgid:
1. TS. LE PHAN THANH HOA 2. TS. MAI BINH DlJONG Trif&ng Dai hoc Van Lang
SOLUTIONS TO ENHANCE THE BANK CREDIT FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE KEY ECONOMIC ZONE OF MEKONG RIVER DELTA
• PhD. LE PHAN THANH HOA
• PhD. MAI BINH DUONG Van Lang University
ABSTRACT:
The shortage of capital for developing agricultural economy in the Mekong River Delta which is one of Vietnam's key economic zones is urgent theoretical and practical economic issue- Despite its limitations, the bank credit is still considered an important capital Chanel for agricultural activities when other funding sources are limited. This study proposes some solutions to enhance the bank credit for agricultural economic development in the key economic zone of Mekong River Delta.
Keywords: Agricultural economy, bank credit, key economic zone, Mekong River Delta.
184 So 17-Thang 7/2020
