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PHAT TRIEN KINH TE BAN DEM TAI CAC THANH PHO CUA VIET NAM
• L J U THANH TAM
T 6 M TAT:
Tai Vi^t Nam. nhieu chuyen gia cho rdng. chffa c6 nghien cffu ehinh thffc ndo xac dinh quy md, cung nhff ldc ddng ciia "kinh le ban dem" den hoat dpng kinh le ndi chung. Phan ldn san phiim dulich cua Vict Nam hien nay chli yeuchi tdp ffung iff? gid sdng den 17 gid chicu. irong ngdnh Du ljch goi la sin pha'm cffng. Tuy nhien, san pb^m cd thi thu dffdc nhieu tien nha'l, iff IS gid id'i hdm irffdc de'n 3 gid sdng ngdy hdm sau de'n nay v§n chffa phdt trie'n. Bai vie't phan tich thffe trang nhffng thuan ldi, khd khan, cd hpi vd thdch thffc doi vdi cdc thdnh phd' ldn eua Vici Nam trong vice thu hut du khdch hang nam, ddng thdi tde gid eOngda dc xudt mpt sd'hien phap nhdm phdt trien nenkinh tebandem tai Vidt Nam trong giai doan ldi.
TCf khda: Kinh ic ban dem. phat trien, cdc thdnh phd' ldn cua Viet Nam.
1. Ldi md ddu cde hoal ddng dich vu ban ngdy, du khach cd Khai nidiii "Kmh tc ban dem" iNight-iime '^'''onggian de vui chdi, giao Iffu van hda, ihffdng ceoniiniv) hien ed khd nhieu dinh nghia. nhffng ^'ILTC am thffc. mua sam qua Iffu niem, tham gia phd hicn nhd't "Kinh le ban dem" dffde hieu li cde trd chdi ddn gian. Tai Viet Nam, kbai niem td't ca nhffng hoat ddng dieh vu dien ra sau I7h "^Y bat ddu dffde chu y khi mdi day, Thu tffdng td'i hdm trffde eho de'n 6h sjng hdm sau. bao Nguydn Xudn Phue yeu cau eac Bd, UBND cdc gdm; mua sdm tai eac chd dem. cffa hang lien '"'h. thdnh phd'trffc thupc Trung ffdng nghien cffu ldi 24/24, dm thffc. nghe ihudi. am nhac. cac chinh sdch hd trd kinh t e d e m cua Trung Qud'c.
ehffdng trinh g.ai tri. Id hoi. sff kicn. cho tdi eac "Thj trffdng dem". "Nff hodng dem" hay bd't diem du lich chi md cffa vdo ban dem. Theo ddnh ky cdi ten tffdng iff ndo khde phu traeh hoal ddng gia Clia ede chuyen gia. eae boat ddng dich vu. "kmh te ban dem". iren thffc te'. da ldn tai tff kmh tc ban dem dem lai nhicu ldi ich cho ea du trffdc dd lai nhidu thdnh phd ,..,a J.-,u Au Nganh khach vangffdiddndia phffdng. Cu the".cung vdl ™ng nghiep vC-ddm sdi ddn. , . , . , , - i ^ , tjnh cpng
KINHIE
dfing, van hda va cdn tao ra tac ddng khdng nhd d^'n kinhle thanh phd'.
2. Thffc trang phat trien nen kinh te' ban
2.1. Tgi m^t so quoc gia tren the gidi Theo khdo sat eiia nhieu chuyen gia. nen kinb te ban dem ddng gdp 66 ty bang cho nffdc Anb mSi ndm, tao ra hdn 1,25 tri6u viec Idm. Trong (J6, rieng thdnh phd' London chie'm khoang A07c ve quy md, tffdng dffdng 26,4 ty bang vd tao ra vi^c Idm trffc tiep cho 723.000 lao ddng. Tai Australia, quy md kinh te'ban dem cua thanh phd' cang Sydney trong ndm 2017 Id 4 ty USD. Tai My, chi tie't khdng dinh manh me nha't danb hieu
"Thdnh phd'khdng bao gid ngii" ciia New York.
Nf'uqudn bar vd nha hdng dffng dau trong cdca'u Clia kinh te ban dem, dd Id cbuyen thffdng tinb Ciia mpi nen kinh te, nhffng khi nghe thuat trong dfm thu v^ hdn 3 ty USD. thi dffdc coi Id mdt ding ca'p.
TrSn phffdng dien kinh te', khi mot cdng ty cd nhu c^u tim mdt tru sd nidi, hp khdng chi nhin vdo ede vd'n d^ nhff nha d, trffdng hpe, eac edng Irinh cdng cpng, md cdn la nhffng boat ddng kbdc iroiit: khu vffc. Ne'u niud'n tbdnh pbd' trd nen hd'p dan hdn, hay nhin ve cdch hffdng ihu vd nhffng Iinh vffe giai tri.
La nen van hda cd phan bao thu vd dd'i mat vdi Slf khan hie'm Iao ddng, nhffng Nhdt Ban dang cho thdy sir quye'l tam pbat trien kinh te' ban dem. nhdm thiic dd'y du bch vd tang trffdng kinh le. Ddt nffdc nay dd chffng kien sff tang vpt eua khach du ljch nffdc ngoai trong nhffng nam gan ddy. vdi 30 irieu du khdch vdo nam 2018. sau khi Vffdt qua ngffdng 20 trieu lan dau vdo nam 2016.
Tuy nhidn, chinh phu nffdc ndy cdn dat muc tieu eji> hdn, vdi 40 trieu du khdch vdo nam 2020, khi Tokyo ddng eai The van hdi mua he. Khi so' Iifdng du khach nffde ngodi tang len, chinh phu Nhal Ban ciing ddt muc tieu cao hdn ve cbi tieu cua khdch du lich. dff kie'n tao ra 8.000 ty yen.
lffdng dffdng khoang 74 ty USD vao ndm 2020.
Con sd' nay cao hdn gan 80'"f so vdi hien tai.
Nhffng doanh nghiep Idn trong ngdnh giai tri V a khdch san tim cdch phdt trie'n thi trffdng ngdch nha'm tdi cac sff kien giai tri tff khoang 20h hdm trffdc de'n 3h sdng hdm sau. Chinh phu Nhdt Ban cung de xua't chinh sach thuc dd'y tang trffdng kinh te ban dem. chii ye'u giai quye't bai loan cd sd ba tang giao ihdng, cac quy dinh lien quan den thdi gian vd dieu kien lam viec.
Tai Trung Qud'c, nhffng chinh sdch tffdng iff cung dang dffdc hffdng tdi. Trong khi Trung Qud'c. Nhal Ban khdng ngffng dffa ra cdc chinh sdch thiie da'y hoat ddng thffdng mai xuyen sud't ngay dem.
Theo Xinhua thi dau ndm nay, kinh te' ban dem trd ihdnh mot chu de ndng tai phien hpp cua cdc cdquan lap phap va tff vd'n ehinh tri ciia Bdc Kinh. So vdi cdc thdnh phd'd phia Nam vd Ddng Trung Qud'c, thu do Bdc Kinh cd it dja diem mua sam, giai tri vao ban dem vi da phan dffng boat ddng sau 22h. Tuv nhien gan day, chinh quyen Ba'c Kinh dd cd bien phdp khuye'n khich cdc trung tam thffdng mai, sieu thi, cffa hdng lien ldi lam viee mudn hdn vao ban dem.
Thanh pbd'Bac Kinh dang td'i ffu hda cdc dich vu giao ihdng cdng edng, tang cffdng quang ba cde nhd hang, qudn bar hoat ddng ve dem, ung hd viee keo ddi thdi gian kinh doanb. Theo Ianh dao Van phdng Thffdng mai Bdc Kinh, thanh phd' ddt mue lieu de'n nam 2022, hdn mol nffa sd'effa hdng tien ldi se boat ddng 24/24. Mdt sd' dia die'm tham quan ndi lie'ng tai Bac Kinh cung da bat dau keo ddi thdi gian md effa them vai tie'ng.
Cac chuye'n du lich Thdi Lan dffde nhidu cdng tv tour bdn vdi khuve'n mai kha thd'p, ne'u tinh chi phi an nghi, tham quan thi kbdng the thu hdi vd'n. The' nhffng cac ddn vi nay van cd lai, dd't nffdc Thdi Lan vdn niem nd ddn khdnh, vi sao?
Dd Id tff cdc dicb vu mua sdm, cac hoal dpng giai tri ban dem dd mang lai hieu qua rat cao.
2.2 . d Viet Sam
Theo khao sdt ciia cac chuyen gia nffdc ngoai.
TAP CIJ CONE TIlTflNS
doanh thu san pham dich vu du lich ban ngdv ehi chiem 30'ii. trong khi 7 0 ^ cdn lai ndm d khung gid dem. Khi mdt trdi lan d eac ihdnh phd' nhff Ha Ndi, Da Ndng. Hd Chi Mmh. cung la liie cac phd'di bd rffc sdng dnh den. lieng nhac. sau khi ngdi nham nhdp chai bia. ly trd hay cd phe. du khdch cd the di bd den cdc khu chd dem mua siim va kham pha am thi/c vc dem; roi den cdc phd'di bp. khdch du ljch ed the hda minh vao van hda ban dia. xem mot chffdng irinh bieu dien nghe thudt ngoai trdi hoae irong eac nhd hat. tan hffdng hffdng vi dem tren nhffng con phd. Nhffng hoat ddng ndy dffdc xem la v i du dien hinh the hien rd nhd't md hinh boat ddng eiia kinh le ban dem - ndi nhffng boat ddng kinh doanh chl thffe sff bCing nd sau khi mil trdi ldn.
Thd' nhffng san pham. dieh vu \ e dem ciia ehung ta hien cdn it. Ngav d 2 thdnh phd' Idn la Hd Ndi va thanh phd Hd Chi Minh. vao ban dem, dffa du khdeh di \cm CAC ehffdng trinh van hda nghe thual cung khd. Chffdng trinh bieu dien rd'i nffde hay ehffdng trinb ca mua lai Nli.i hdi thanh phd. nhffng cung ehi hoal ddng 2 ngdy trong tuan.
Vav, ngdnh Du lich cdn ed nhffng san phd'm.
dich V u dae sic dc thu hiit du khdeh. Co 2 dieu md nganh Du ljch \'ici Nam can lam de phdl trien kinh te'ban dem. Thff nhd'l Id. can nha'c ky nhu cau eiia khdeh du lich. khdng dp dai tffduy cua nha quan lv vao hoat ddng kinh le. Thff hai la. can trien khai thi diem, eo the tai nhffng thdnh phd Idn nhff Ha Ndi, Da Ndng. thdnh phd'Ho Chi Minli, trffdc khi trien khai rdng rdi.
3. PhSn tich nhifng thuan ldi va khd khan d^' phat tri^n kinh te'ban dem dcae thanh pho' idn \"i('t Nam
\n lodn Id mdl trong nhffng md'i quan lam dffdc nhieu du khach nhdc den khi tham gia nhffng tour du lich vc dem - nhffng giai phdp dffdc nhieu thdnh phd dffa ra de" thuc dd\- ngdnh kinh doanh nay. Kinh ic ban dcmcd the keo ddi thdi gian khaeh du Ijeh d lai edc thanh phd'. Tuv nhicn, thanh phd cd ihc phai dd'i mat vdi nhieu
van dc khi phat tri^n kinh te ban ddm. nhffng dieu quan trpng nha't ia moi ngirdi deu phai hanh phue. VUI ve. Cd nghTa ia chung ta nen can bdng nhu cau eua nhffng ngffdi ed nhu eau hoat ddng vdo ban dem. nhffng ngffdi mudn tide tiing vd nhffng ngffdi ehi mud'n ed mdt dem ngon gia'c sau ngdy Iam viec. Dieu ndy cung diit ra nhffng cdu hoi, ve giai phdp chung ta dam bao sff an todn cho ngffdi ddn vao moi thdi die'm ke ca ban ngdy V d ban dem.
Hien nay. ehd dem vd phd' di bp dang dffdc xem la san pha'm phii hdp vdi mdi trffdng, dja phffdng va thdi quen mua sam ciia du khdch. Tuy nhien, nipt sd' ndi phdt trie'n thid'u quy boach, chffa hdp ly, nen chffa tao dffde sffc hut du khdch.
Qua trao ddi vdi mpt sddu khach nffdc ngodi de'n Vict Nam, hp thffdng xem thdi gian ban dem tai cac thdnh phd' Idn Id khoang thdi gian thd vi nhd't khi it xe cd on do, cd the ngam cudc so'ng ve dem iTnb Idng. Mat kbdc, rd't nbieu khdch du Iich de'n nffde ta khdng quen mdi gid, do cd ldc lech de'n 12 gid ma ba't hp phai di ngu sdm thi that Id Iang phi.
Theo y kien cua bo, do thie'u sff quy boach ddng bd va rd rang, nen cdc khu phd "Tay" d Ha Npi vd TP. Ho Chi Minh da trd tbdnh "cdc phd an nhau". Cdc phd di bp thie'u chffdng tnnh vdn hda nghe tbuat, tinh trang mua ban bdng rong cheo keo. chat chem ve gid tien, rdc xa vd tdi va da lam anh hffdng xd'u den mdi trffdng va sff thu hut, phdt trien du lieh.
4. Kie'n nghi cho cac cd quan quan ly de phat trien kinh te'ban dem
Khi nen kmh te the' gidi dang tang trffdng eham Iai do anh hffdng tff cupc chie'n thffdng mai My - Trung, kinh te ban dem bdt dau tbu hut sff quan lam tff nhffng nha lap phap. keo theo do Id hang loat chinh sach thuc day, nhff: td'i ffu boa dich vu giao thdng cdng cdng, qudng ba cde nha hdng dem. iing hd viec keo da^ ihdi gian kinh doanh: dd xud'i thuc ddy cd s,; ha t^ng giao Ilidng. cdc quv dmh lien quan dcn -lia didm, dieu
KINH TE
kifen ldm viee; tim Idi giai cho bdi toan phdt trien kinli te ban dem ngodi cac qudn bar va eau lac t)d- Theo dd, chung ta can quan tdm mot sd' ciai phdp de phdt trien kinh te ban dem. Cu the nhffsau:
4.1. Thay ddi tu duy, tgo cct die dgt phd Thi/c td'cho thd'y, chung ta dang tap trung phdt trien cdc san pham du Hch trong khoang thdi gian iff 7 gid sdng den 17 gid chieu trong ngay, nhifng nhffng sdn pha'm nay chi mang lai khoang 30% doanh thu dich vu. Trong khi dd, cac san pham dich vu thu dffdc nhilu ti^n nha't la tff 18 gicTtdihdm trffdc de'n 3 gid sang hdm sau. mang laidoanh thu khoang 70% chiing ta lai ehffa phdt trien. Chung ldi cho rang khdng cd san pbam ban dem lhi khdng cd cdch gl giff chan dffdc khdch du Iich khi hp dd'n Viet Nam, khdng tao them nguon thu cho ngffdi dan dia phffdng, ciing nhff ddng gdp ngan sdch cho Nhd nffdc.
Mdc dd thdi gian qua, nhieu dia phffdng da quanldnid6'n xay dffng, phdt trien cdc pho'di bp ban dem- mpt phan cua kinh id ban dem. Tuy nhi6n, do chffa cd quy hoacb hdp ly, nen boat Jiing cila cdc md hinh nay chffa hidu qua. Tai nhieu dia phffdng, nhffng ehffdng trinh giai tri.
via hda vdo ban d6m ciing rd't it, nen khdng ha'p dandu khdch.
Cdc nu'dc manh ve du ljch deu tap trung dau nrihue da'y du Iich. kinh te'ban dem phdt trie'n.
Do dd, chiing ta can phai thay doi nhan thffc.
quan diem ve viec phat tnen cdc san pham du iich ban dem sao cho hieu qua. Ne'u Viet Nam cd chinh sach dot pha, tao cd che td't de ngffdi lUn manh dan dau tff, kinh le ban dem se phdl trien.
N'gifde lai. tai mot so' thanh pbd' Idn cua Viet .^am. cac ddn vi hdnh ehinh deu dp dung quy dinh sau 24 gid dem. eac hoat dpng vui ehdi giai irl phai dffng Iai. Cdquan quan ly nhd nffdc ciing CO tdm ly lo ngai vd'n de an ninh trat Iff ddi vdi hoat dpng sau 24 gid. Tai sao eac doanh nghiep.
hp gia dinh cd the kinh doanh \uyen dem phue
vu du khach ma cC quan quan ly khdng lam dffdc? Van de ndy can xem \ e t lai neu mudn pbat trien nganh kinb te ban dem. Hien nay, cdc hoat dpng ve dem phue vu du khdch deu thie'u.
Viec tang cffdng du Iich vdo ban dem se khuye'n khieh du kbdcb d lai Viet Nam lau hdn. tff dd se thuc dd'y tieu dung vdo ban dem.
4.2. Cdn thdo gd chinb sdch do'i vdi cdc dfch vu ve dem
Viec khai thdc kinh td ban dem dd'i vdi ngdnh Du lieh rat can thiet. Ldm sao khai thdc dffdc kinh le ve dem la mong mud'n eiia nganh Du lich Viet Nam da tff Idu. Tuy nhien, nhieu ndi khdng cho phep kinh doanh qua 24 gid thi ldm sao nganh Du lich cd eac sdn pha'ni vui chdi giai tri de khai thdc dffdc.
Thu Iffdng Chinh phii da de nghi cde Bd.
ngdnh dia phffdng hoc tdp kinb nghiem mdt so' qud'e gia trong viec phdt trien kinh te' ban ddm, nhffng dieu quan trpng van phai Id chinh sach eua nffde ta ve vd'n de ndy can dffde thay dot.
Theo tde gia. nganh Du lieh vd cdc dia phffdng trpng die'm du Iich can cd de an chuyen de ve vd'n de ndy. Ben canb dd. Chinb phii cung can tbao gd nhffng ehinh sdch ba't cap Iam ban che pbat trien du licb ve dem nhff quy djnh ve gid gia'c kinh doanh, Ngodi ra, cdc Bp, ngdnh, dja phffdng nen td chffc. quy hoaeh lai cdc khu vffc du lich. ffu nen phdt irie'n kinh te ban dem. eu the bda cbinh sdch phdi trien kinh te' ve dem thi mong mud'n nidi trd thdnh thffc id dffdc.
4.3. Nen ldm tdt khdu kiem sodt, Iw trd thay vi cam dodn do khd qudn ly
Thffc te'ban ngay ngffdi dan di Iam viec, budi td'i Id thdi gian mpi ngffdi cd nhu cau lieu dung ra't cao. khdng chi cd du khdeh md ca nhffng ngffdi dan binh thffdng, ddc biet la ngffdi dan sinh sdng trong cdc dd thj. Cho nen, thuc day cac boat ddng vui chdi giai tri, mua sdm va sff dung edc dieh vu khac vao ban dem rd rang se kich thich dffdc nhu cau tieu diing. Viec kich thich lieu duns ban dem se thu hiil nhieu nha dau iff
m Cll CONB THUONG
vdocd sd djch vij vui chdi gidi iri. mua sam. Tff dd lang ngudn Iffc chodu Iieh, cde cdng iv du ljch se cd nhieu phffdng dn keo ddi thdi gian lffu trii cho du khach. cac lour ddi ngdy hdn. .Neu du khach lffu tru ddi ngay hdn se chi tieu nhieuhdn.
Vd dieu quan trpng la ngdnh Du Ijch eiia \'iet Nam keo du khdch nffdc ngodi quay lai.
Tuy nhien. cung can phai cd khung phap Iy day dii ve phdt trien kinh te ban dem cho nffdc ta. Theo dd, khi phdt trien boat ddng dich vu gi.
thdi gian. khu vffc, ngffdi tham gia cac Hnh vffc dd., phai ddp ffng tieu ehuan ve tie'ng dn, anh sang, xa khu dan eff. benh vien, trffdng hpc. ddng thdi tdng cdng tae quan ly nha nffdc de tranh nhffng bien tau, tc nan phat sinh. Thffc trang pbat trien kinh te ban dem d cac nffdc cho thav cd nhffng bien td'u, nhffng hp cung da kiem soat khd Id't. Vi vay. cdc cd quan quan ly khdng nen cd'm dodn khi tha'y khd quan ly nhffng djch vu ve dem.
5. Kd't luSn
Theo eac chuyen gia, kinh te ban dem chdc cha'n khdng gdi gpn trong chd dem, cdc vu trffdng, qudn bar. karaoke hav phddi bp, ma bao gdm nhu cau mua sam, dn ud'ng ciia du khdch ddn thdnh phd' vdo budi td'i ciia ngffdi lao ddng he't gid lam viee vao budi td'i vd hdng loat dieh vu kbdc nhff dich vu van tai, thffdng mai, thdm chi id giao djch tai cbinh xuyen qud'c gia do ddc thii mui gid khde nhau khi kinh te'ban dem phdl irien, vi nhffng thanh pbd'cdng nghiep se khdng ehia ra ban dem hay ban ngay, ma la hoat ddng 24 gid. Tuy nhien. de phdt trien kinh te'ban dem can ed quy hoaeh cu the, ban dau nen ch? cho nhffng nha dau tff Idn, dich vu chat Iffdng cao hoal ddng, khdng nen phat trien dai tra rpng khap trong khi ehffa ed bien phap quan IJ* hieu qua Iff phia chinh quyen thanh pbd' va ed quan quan ly du Ijch •
I \ I L I 5 : i n H A \ l K H A 0 :
/. .\ndreina Seijas (20IS, A guide to managing your night lime economy Sound Diplomacy London.
2.bttps://viie.vpress.net/kinb-doanli/lrung-quoc-lhap-sciiig-kinh-ie-ban-dein-nhu-lhe-nao-3957W0.html 3.hlip.s://tuoitrevti/viet-nam-thuc-day-nen-kinh-ie-ban-dein-nhu-lhe-nao-20I90722085334303.blm
4 Ddng Khdi (2019). -Kinh te ban dem ~- NhCfng con sd bdp ddn vd thdch ihiic chef dai ".vivw.baodaulu vn Trin I dp ngdy 2:}/l 1/2019.
ni^ay li/iI/2Uiv.
Nga) nhan bai: 23/11/201')
N}:a> phan bipn danh gia \a su'a chiia: .Vl/2(i20 Ngin cha'p nhan dang bai: 13/1/2020
KINH TE
Thdng tin ldc gia:
TS. Ll/U THANH TAM
Trffcfng Dai hpc Cdng ngh0 Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh
DEVELOPING NIGHT - TIME ECONOMY IN CITIES OF VIETNAM
• PhD. LUU THANH TAM Ho Chi Minh City University ofTechnology ABSTRACT:
In Vietnam, many experts believe that there has not been any official research to determine the scale and also the impact of "night-time economy" on the general economy of Viehiam, Most of Vietnam's tourism products, which are mainly happening from 7 am to 17 pm, are known as "hard products" in the tourism industry. Although some tourism products, which happen firom 18 pm to 3 am of the next day, are very profitable, these products are not well-developed in Vietnam. This article analyzes advantages, difficulties, opportunities and challenges for Vietnam's big cities ui attracting tourists every year. In addition, this article proposes some measures to develop the night-time economy in Vietnam in the future.
Keywords: Night-time economy, development, big cities in Vietnam.
