54 TAP CHi KHOA HQC PHAPLYS6 1/201
VV TIEN 'G/Af PHAP TICH CUC
TRONG CO CHE GIAI QUY^T TRANH CHAP CUA WTO
NGUYfeN THJ THU THAO *
T
o chuc thuomg mgi tbl gidi {World Thdnh vidn. Kit qud khdng Id xdc djnh ben v Trade Organization WTO) dugc xdy phgm cdc hipp djnh, md chu ylu Id dl gidi quyl dyng nhdm xiic tiln hgp tdc kinh tl todn ciu bit ciir mgt vin de dang gay tranh cai bang cdd thdng qua qud frinh ty do hda thuang mgi. tiida tiiugn. Chinh vi vdy, budc dau tidn ciia thi Chmh vi vgy, m^t frong nhirng myc tidu co tyc gidi quylt tranh chip Id tiiam vin vdi cac bdn cua co chl gidi quylt tranh chip ciia hp qu6c gia doi tdc cd bidn phdp gay dnh hudngta thdng thuang mgi da phuang WTO Id ddm lgi ich tiiuong mgi. Chi sau khi qud tiinh tiiam bdo "cdc gidi phdp tich cue de gidi quyet vin giira cdc bdn kdt tiiiic ma khdng dem lai kel tranh chap" Myc tidu ndy dugc thd hipn qud khd quan thi cdc ben tranh c h ^ mdi c6 Ae tgi Didu 3 J ciia Thda udc gidi quylt tranh tidp can thu tyc gidi quylt tranh chap thdng qua chip (DSU), theo dd khi phdt sirtii franh chdp Ban hgi thdm. Trong bao cdo ciia Co quan phiic Thdnh vidn WTO cd quydn lgi b j vi phgm thdm frong ti-anh chip "Didu tra chdng bdn pha phdi tim hidu, can nhdc cdc phuang dn gidi gid ddi vdi bgt ngii cdc tii Hoa Ky"^, Co quar quydt frartii chap tich cyc khdc trudc khi tidp Phiic thdm da nhdn djnh vd vai trd cua tiiam van can CO quan gidi quydt franh chap. Ddy Id tix)ng vipc dgt dugc mdt gidi p h ^ md cdc ben mgt van de ca ban vd quan frgng frong co chd ciing nhit tri: "Thdng qua tham van, cdc ben' ' ^ «
gidi quydt franh chap cua WTO, tuy nhidn ti^ao ddi thdng tin, ddnh gid nhung diem manh hdu nhu chua dugc nghidn ciiu nhidu tgi Viet vd didm ydu ciia cdc trudng hgp tuong iing ciia Nam. Bdi vilt ndy se tim hidu ngi dung vd hg, phgm vi hpp sy khdc bidt giiia hg, vd tiong cdc vin de phdp ly ciia co chl uu tidn dp dyng nhilu tnrdng hgp, dgt dugc mOt gidi ph^ ma
"gidiphdp tich cue " cua WTO. Tdc gid se tgp hai bdn ciing nhit tri phu hgp vdi quy djnh re trung phdn tich ydu ciu thyc hipn "cdc gidi rdng dugc thd hipn tipong Didu 3.7 cua DSU.
phdp tich cue" trudc vd sau khi Thdnh vidn Hom nira, ngay khi mgt gidi phap nhit tii nhu WTO quylt djnh dp dyng co chl gidi quylt vgy khdng dgt dugc, tiiam vin cung cip cho tranh chap cua WTO. cdc bdn de gidi hgn vd xdc dinh gidi hgn ph^
"Gidi phdp tich cue Id mot gidi phdp md cdc vi ti^anh c h ^ giiia hg. Rd rdng, tham vin tac ben tranh chdp co the chdp nhgn dugrc vd phii ra nhidu lgi ich cho nguyen don, bi don, ciinf hap vai cdc hi$p dinh co lien quan"^ tiudc khi nhu bdn tiiir ba vd ddi vdi todn bg he tiiong gia vy vipc dugc gidi quylt bdiig mgt bdo cdo dugc quylt tiiuih chip"^ Bdn cgnh dd, co che che CO quan gidi quylt ti^ chip (DSB) tiidng qua. phep cdc bdn frong fr-anh chip dugc sir dun[
Vipc uu tidn ndy nhdc nhd chiing ta rdng hp
tiidng gidi quylt franh chip cua WTO dugc xay ^WT/DS132/AB/RW, ngdy 22 tiidng 10 nam 2001 dung dya frdn vide ddm phdn giua chinh phii cac (ten viet tit Id Mexico - Symp)
^ Bdo cao cua Ca quan phuc thim - Vu tranh chS]
* Giang vien Khoa Luat Qudc TS, Tnrdng D?ii hpc "DiSu tra chdng ban pha gia ddi vdi b^t ngii cic ti Luat Tp. Hd Chi Minh Hoa Ky", WT/DS132/AB/RW, ngay 22 thdng 10 nan Dieu 3.7 - DSU 2001, (ten vidt tat la Mexico - Syrup), Do?tfi 54
LUAT QUOC TE 55
cac "thii tyc ty nguydn"''mdi gidi, trung gian, quylt cho mdt qudc gia dd tidp can co che hoa gidi dd gidi quylt franh chip. gidi quylt franh chip ciia WTO?
Ndu cdc bdn tranh chip dat dugc mdt gidi DSU ciing nhu cdc hiep djnh khdc ciia WTO phdp franh chap ma cdc bdn cung nhat tri hg khdng cd bit cii quy djnh nao vd hai vin dd ndu phai thdng bdo cho DSB; nhirng gidi phdp frdn. Tuy nhidn, chung da dugc de cap frong nay phai khdng mau thuan vdi cde hidp djnh cdc vy franh chip cu thd. Cdc phdn quydt ciia cua WTO; phai khdng dugc lam vd hidu hay co quan giai quylt franh chip, nhdt Id eua Co suy gidm lgi ich ciia bat cii Thdnh vidn ndo quan phiic tham WTO mac dii khdng phdi la an phat sinh tir cdc hidp djnh, klidng lam cdn Id theo diing nghTa cua nd nhung vd mat tong tbl frd vide dat dugc muc tidu ciia cdc hidp djnh la rit nliit qudn vd cd gid trj thuydt phyc cao cho dd^ Ndu mdt giai phap nhdt tri dugc thdng cdc vy vide tuomg ty sau dd.
bdo trudc khi mdt bdo cdo dugc chuan bj san Bdo cdo ciia Co quan phiic thdm frong sang, khdng cd qud frinh tranh chap tidp tyc tranh chap "Cdng ddng Chdu Au - Chd dg dugc thyc hidn. Bdn bdo cdo ciia Ban hdi cho vide nhdp khau, ban vd phdn phdi ehudi"' thim phdi dugc hgn chd d mire md td ngan da nhdn djnh: "Chiing tdi tin rang mgt Thdnh ggn vd vy vide vd bdo cdo rang da dat dugc vidn cd sy suy xet chin chan khi quydt djnh mot gidi phdp md cdc bdn cimg nhdt fri*. Cde lieu cd khdi kidn phdn ddi mdt Thdnh vidn bdn franh chap thdng bdo ddn nhumg iiy ban, khdc theo DSU. Hom thd nira, ngdn ngu ciia hdi ddng nhimg hidp djnh ed lidn quan vd sy Didu XXIII: 1 ciia GATT 1994 vd Didu 3.7 nhat tri cung nhau "de gidi quydt nhung van ciia DSU ggi y, mdt thdnh vidn dugc mong dh chinh thiic dugc ndu ra theo didu khodn dgi ty didu chinh trong vide quydt djnh lieu tham vin"^ Muc tidu uu tidn "gidi phdp tich cd bdt cii mdt hdnh ddng ndo cd hidu qua hay eye" dugc tbl hidn kbdng chi khi edc bdn da khdng"'° Co quan phiic tham cGng da nhdc quydt djnh sii dung co chd gidi quydt franh ddn quan didm nay frong Bdo cdo cua Ban chip cua WTO ma cdn dugc till hidn tiirdc dd. hdi thim GATT frong vy franh chip "Hoa Ky 1. Trudc khi quyet dinh su dung co chl Thud nhdp khiu xdng diu vd mdt sd chit giai quylt tranh chip cua WTO nhit djnh"" Quan didm ndy sau dd ciing da Theo quy djnh cua DSU, trudc khi quydt dugc nhdc ddn trong Bdo cdo ciia Ban hdi djnh su dyng co chl gidi quylt tranh chip thim frong vy tranh chip "Thd NhT Ky - Han cua WTO Thdnh vidn WTO phdi ty xem xet, chl nhap khiu cdc sdn phim hang ddt may"'l danh gid la lieu vide khidu kidn theo nhirng Co quan Phuc thim EC - Bananas III frong thu tuc ndy cd kit qud khdng.^ vy franh chip ciing da dong y vdi kdt ludn
Quy djnh ndy dat ra hai vin dh: Ldm tbl ciia Ban hdi thim ring: "khdng phdi didu 3.3 nao dd bidt dugc cdc qudc gia Thdnh vidn cd ciing khdng phdi didu 3.7 ciia hidp djnh DSU ty xem xet, ddnh gid vide khilu kidn theo thii ' WT/DS27/AB/R, ngdy 26 thang 11 nam 2008, tiic gidi quylt tranh chip cua WTO cd kit (ten viet tit "EC - Bananas ill") ,
' 1 u- o -VT 1 • •'^ f- • Tu^ u '" Bdo cdo cua Co quan phuc tham Vu tranh chap qua khong? Ngugc lai, vipc quoc gia Thanh ..^^^ ^.^^ ^^^^ ^^ _ ^ y ^^ .^o viec nhap khdu, ban vidn phdi ty xem xet, ddnh gid tirtii hidu qua yd phan phdi chu6i", WT/DS27/AB/R, ngay 26 thdng 11 cua vidc khilu kidn theo thu tue gidi quylt nam 2008, (ten vilt tdt "EC - Bananas III"), doan 250 tranh chip cua WTO cd phdi la didu kidn tidn ," Bao cao cua Ban hgi tham GATT trong vu tranh
^ ^ chap Hoa Ky - Thue nhap khau xang dau va mot so
" Vu Nhii Thang, Tu do hoa thuang mai dlch vu trong chit nhit dinh, BISD 348/136, ngay 17 thang 6 nam WTO: Lugt vd thong Le,'N^iBHkmi, 2007, ti. 18. 1987, (ten vilt tdt US-Superfund), doan 5.1.9
'Di6u 3.5 vd 3.6 cua DSU '^ Bdo cdo cua Ban hpi thim trong vu tranh chip
* Digu 12.7 - DSU Thd NhT Ky - H^n chl nhap khau cdc sdn phim hdng 'Dilu 3.6 - DSU det may, WT/DS34/R, ngdy 31 tiidng 5 nam 1999, (ten ' Dilu 3.7 - DSU vilt tdt Turkey - Textiles), doan 9.204
56 TAP CHi KHOA HQCPHAPLfSd 1/2012
hodc bit cir dieu khodn ndo ciia DSU chira Tir khuyin cdo ciia Co quan phiic thim bit cii ydu ciu rd rdng rdng: m^t Thdnh vidn trong trong tranh chip "Cgng ddng Chdu An phdi cd mgt sy quan tdm phdp ly nhu dilu - Chl dg cho vipc nhgp khiu, bdn va phan kipn tidn quylt cho ydu ciu thdnh l^p Ban phoi chuoi" vd franh chip "Dilu fra chdng hgi tiiim"'^ bdn phd gid ddi vdi bgt ngu coc tii Hoa Ky"
Trong bdo cdo ciia Co quan phuc thim cd thd thiy trudc khi quylt djnh sir dyng co trong tranh chip "Dieu tra ch6ng bdn phd gid chl gidi quylt tranh chip cua WTO, vi|c doi vdi bgt ngu coc tii Hoa Ky"'". Mexico Thdnh vidn phdi tinh todn cin than hipu qua da ydu ciu Co quan phuc thim xem xdt lgi cua vi^c khdi kipn, ty xem xet, ddnh gid Id vi^c Ban hOi thim da khdng cdn nhdc lipu lipu vipc khilu kipn theo nhirng thu tyc ndy Hoa Ky cd ty xem xdt, ddnh gid Id lipu vipc cd kit qud khdng Id nguyen tdc co ban mk khilu kipn theo nhiimg thu tyc ndy cd kit qud cdc nudc Thdnh vidn can tuan thu. Didu ndy khdng. De xem xdt vin de ndy, Co quan phiic gdp phin thyc hipn ca chl uu tidn "gidi phdp thim da frinh bdy ngdn ggn: "Cau ndy phdn tich eyre" ciia WTO. Nhung khdng cd chl tai dnh mgt nguydn tdc co bdn md Thdnh vidn ndo dugc WTO quy djnh de ddm bdo dilu cdn phdi cd khi sii dyng co chd gidi quyet ndy, WTO trao quyen ty can nhdc vd quyet tranh chip ciia WTO Id thipn chi, vd khdng djnh cho Thdnh vidn khi khdi kipn. Tdc gia ndng ndi frong vipe tiln hdnh thu tyc to tyng Peter Gallagher trong cdng trinh nghidn cihi theo bdn thda thudn vd quy tdc vd thii tyc "Guide to Dispute Settlement" da ndu ra mpt gidi quydt franh chap"'^ Vd Co quan phiic sd cdu hdi ndn dugc xem xet trudc khi chinh thdm da kdt ludn rang: "Ndu cho rdng "ty phii khdi kidn nhu: Cd vi pham mgt nghia vy xem xdt" Id didu kidn tit ydu, Id bdn chat ciia hay khdng? Cd mgt lgi ich thuang mai hay cdu ddu tidn didu 3.7, Ban hdi thdm vd Ca khdng? Trd ldi xem cd phdi Id tranh c h ^ khdng quan phiic thdm, phdi cho Id: Hd khi ndo mdt vi phgm khdng? Cd phai la mdt tiln trinh tixmg thdnh vidn dua ra ydu cdu thdnh lap Ban hdi hipp djnh cd Udn quan hay khwig? Xem xet viec thdm Thdnh vidn da thidn chi cd sy can nhac ldm rd cdc quy djnh ciia WTO tixmg cdc ttanh khi nop don ddn miic phdi dd nghj Ban Hgi chap cd hdn quan chua? Ban cd de bi tin cdng thdm se cd "hidu qud" Didu 3.7 khdng ydu bdi bj dom khdng? Cac bdn tac dgng din tranh cdu cung khdng frao quydn cho Ban hgi tham chip bdng sy can thipp nhu thi ndo? Cd dupe dd xem xet quylt djnh vl vipc sir dyng co chl nhiing lgi ich thuong mai hay bi suy gidm?
gidi quylt tranh chip ciia cdc Thdnh vidn. Vi Tranh chip dien ra frong bao lau? Chi phi ciia vdy. Ban hgi thim khdng cd nghTa vy xem ti^nh chip? Cdc lya chgn thay till dh gidi quylt xet vin dh ndy frong hogt dgng ciia minh"'*. tranh chip la gi? Cd phai Id mgt hdnh ddng don phuang? Bgn ndn xem xet vipc hda gidi hoac
" Bao cdo ciia Ca quan phuc tham - Vy tranh chap •i,,,,^^ i,.^ o ^^ x . x u ' i ' .»« IA«
Cpng ddng Chau Au - Chl dp cho vi^c nh|p khiu, ban *"°"g ^"^<?"8" ^eu cau tu van phap ly dgc lap
vd phan phdi ehudi (ten viet tit "EC - Bananas IU"), WT/ cd phdi Id mgt ydu cau tdt? Ai CO tiid dgi dipn DS27/AB/R, ngdy 26 tiidng 11 ndm 2008, do?m 132 cho mdt Thdnh vienP"
H WT/DS 132/AB/RW ngdy 22 thdng 10 nam 2001, j . Sau khi quylt dinh sir dung Cff chl giai (ten Viet tat la Mexico - Syrup). x ^ ^ . L< - \^rr^^ '
>'Bdo cao cua Co quan phuc thim-Vy tranh chip QUyet tranh chap CUa WTO
"Dilu tra chdng ban phd gid ddi vdi bpt ngu cdc tu Sau khi quydt dinh sir dung c a chd gidi quyet Hoa Ky", WT/DS 132/AB/RW, ngdy 22 thdng 10 ndm ti-anh chip cua WTO, cdc qudc gia Cling van 2001, (tSn vilt tit la Mexico - Syrup), doan 73 duoc ydu ciu phdi tinh tdi cdc gidi phdp tich CUC
'«Bao cdo cua Co quan phuc tham - Vy tranh chip ^gj ^^ ^^^ ^g tl^nh chip.
"DiSu tra chdng ban phd gid ddi vdi bpt ngu cdc tur
Hoa Ky", WT/DS 132/AB/RW, ngay 22 thdng 10 ndm —T- ^ „ ,, ^ ._. ,
2001, (ten vilt tdt la Mexico - Syrup), doan 74 7 ' ' ' ! r ^^ ', ' fnn?^"'^ Senlemem, Klu- wer Law International, nam 2002, tr. 60 - 68
LU^T QUOC TE 57
r t
Thir nhdt, nhiing thii tuc ndy cd thd dugc tri ciing trd ndn it cd kha nang dat dugc trong bit diu vd chdm dirt vdo bat ky thdi didm qua trinh gidi quydt tranh chap tai Ban hdi ndo theo mong mudn ciia cdc bdn franh chap, tham bdi vi cdc bdn trd ndn cd thii trong cudc Ngodi ra, frong qud trinh gidi quylt tranh chiln phdp ly. Ciing cd mgt vai tranh chdp chip "Ban hoi thdm cdn phdi deu dan tham dugc gidi quylt bdng sy thda thuan lan nhau vdn vai cdc ben tranh chdp vd tgo cho ho lidn sau thdi gian bdo cdo ciia Ban hdi tham nhung ca hoi thich hap de dua ra mot gidi dugc luu hanh khi kdt qua dudng nhu da rd phdp thoa ddng doi vai cd hai ben". Nhu vay, rang nhu: Thdng bao vd gidi phdp nhdt tri
mot sy thda thudn song phuomg cd thd thyc trong tranh chip "Cdng ddng Chdu Au - Cdc hidn tgi bit cii thdi gian ndo cho din khi bdo bidn phdp lidn quan ddn sdn phdm bo"^", cdc cdo dugc DSB thdng qua. bdn dgt dugc gidi phdp nhat tri sau khi Ban Theo thdng kd cua WTO, trong tdng sd hdi thim da nop bdo cdo cudi ciing; trong cdc vy franh chip frong giai doan tu 1995 tranh chip EC -Md td boat ddng kinh doanh din 2003 cd 24% tranh chip da dugc gidi sd diep-', mdt gidi phdp nhit tri da dugc lidn quylt bdng "gidi phdp tich cue", 14% tranh sau thdi gian bdo cdo ciia Ban hdi tham dugc chip dugc gidi quylt bdng phuomg phdp than luu hdnh; frong tranh chip "Hoa Ky - Thud thidn khdc md khdng cin qua xdt xii, 62% chdng bdn phd gid trdn vide truy nhap the nhd franh chip dugc gidi quylt thdng qua xdt xir bdn dan tir 1 hoac frdn 1 megabit tir Hdn Qudc tai Ban hdi tbim'^ Trong bdo cdo nam 2010 - vidn dan didu 21.5 bdi Han Qudc"^^, trong cua WTO da tdng kit frong nam 2009, DSB thdi gian chd thdng qua Bdo cdo ciia Ban hgi nhan dugc 14 thdng bdo chinh thiic tu cdc thim cdc bdn da dgt dugc mdt gidi phdp rtiidt Thanh vidn WTO ydu ciu tham vin theo fri vdo ngdy 20 thdng 10nam2002^
DSU, DSB ciing da thdng qua 4 bdo cdo cua Thu hai, co chl gidi quylt franh chip ciia Ban hdi thim bode co quan Phiic thim frong WTO nhdm tdi bdo ddm thyc thi cdc hidp 6 bdo cdo eiia Ban hdi thim hodc co quan djnh thuang mai ciia WTO chir khdng phdi Phuc tiiim. Gidi phdp nhit fri, dat dugc thda dh tiling phat nudc cd hdnh vi vi pham cdc thuan hodc nit lgi dan kidn dugc tiidng bdo hidp djnh thuang mai cua WTO. Chinh vi la 3 franh chip'' Qua sd lieu ndu trdn, cd vdy, "Neu khong dgt duac mot gidi phdp cdc thi thiy frong nhidu vu tranh chip bj don se ben tranh chdp cung nhdt tri, thi muc tieu so ch gdng dh cho franh chip se dimg lai thdng mot cua ca che gidi quyet tranh chdp thuomg qua "mdt gidi phdp md 2 bdn nhit tri" tgi giai Id bdo ddm viec rut lgi nhung bien phdp co doan tham vin hoae frong bit cii hodn cdnh lien quan neu nhiing bien phdp ndy bi quyet ndo, trudc khi bdo cdo cua Ban hdi thim dinh Id khong phit hap vai nhimg quy dinh dugc ban hdnh. Nhung bdn cgnh dd, mdt sd trong bat ky hip dinh ndo co lien quan "-^
Thanh vidn dudng nhu sdn sdng mang tranh Hom thi nira Didu 3.7 ydu cau vide nit lgi bidn chip din Ban bdi tiiim. Mdt gidi phdp nhit
fri CO thi bi fri hoan frong sudt qud trinh tham . / " , } f ? : ^ P £ ^ V T ' ' ' ' " ' '' " ' " ' ' ' ' ^ ' "
X , , . ,• . , , -V ^ x.^ A • A'- Viet t a t la E C - B u t t e r ) ,
van boi vi nhung tranh lugn dugc cho dgi de ^, WT/DS99/RW, duoc ban hdnh ngay 7 thang 11 thiy dugc nhiing dilm mgnh cua ddi phuang nam 2000, (ten viSt tdt Id US — DRAMS)
tnrdc khi franh chip dugc gidi quydt tgi Ban ^^ WT/DS7/12, ngdy 19 thdng 7 nam 1996, (ten viet hdi thim chii khdng phdi dh dgt dugc sy nhdt
fri frong frong gidi quylt franh chip. Sy nhat
hdi tiiim chii khdng phdi dh dgt dugc sy nhit tit la EC - Scallops) u , ^ «„ ,
^^ • • • • 23 Bdo cao cua Ban hpi tham Vu tranh chap "Hoa Ky - Thul ching bdn phd gid tren viec truy nhap the nhd bdn dan td 1 hoac tren 1 mejgabit tu Hdn Qudc '* Update of WTO Dispute Settlement Cases, WT/ - vien ddn dieu 21.5 bdi Han Quoc", WT/DS99/RW, DS/OV/14, dated 30 June 2003, ii dugc ban hdnh ngdy 7 thdng 11 nam 2000, doan 11
" Bdo cdo hdng nam cua WTO vdo nam 2010, tr. 82 ^^ Dilu 3.7 - DSU
58 TAP CHi KHOA HQCPHAPLYSO 1/2012
phdp khdng phii hgp nen dugc dp dyng ngay lap nlim e ngai tii cdc qudc gia khdc vd chinh sach tiic. Tuy nhidn, van uu tien sy thda thuan giua cua cdc bdn franh chip ndu tranh c h ^ dugc cdc bdn franh chip, cdc ben van cd thd dgt dugc phan xii bdi mgt Ban hgi thdm; Gidi quydt franh sy tiida tiiuan giira hg ve "khodng thdi gian hgp chip bdng mgt gidi phdp tich cyc rd rdng Id tiioa ly" doi vdi vipc tiii hanh. Vi dy: Trong vi,i tranh ddng hon cho cdc quan he thuomg mgi lau dai chip "Canada- Mgt sd bipn phdp lidn quan din vdi cdc ben tranh chap so vdi xet xu bdi mpt tgp chi"^'' cdc bdn da thda thugn khodng thdi Ban hgi thim.
gian hgp ly la 15 thdng ^'" Vdi nhimg uu dilm md co chl "uu tidn giai 3. Nguydn nhan ciia vi^c iru tiidn gidi phdp phdp tich cyc" tixing hp tiidng giai quylt franh tich cyc trd thdnh mgt trong nhirng nguyen chip cua WTO mang lgi, co chd ndy da fro tic CO bdn ciia hp thong gidi quyet tranh chip thdnh mgt frong nhirng nguydn tdc quan frpng cua WTO frong qua tiinh gidi quyet ti^nh chap tiieo co chl
Tai sao DSU ghi nhgn sy uu tidn cho vide gidi quydt tranh chdp cua WTO. "Gidi phap tich gidi quydt tranh chip bdng giai phdp tich cyc? cyc" khdng chi dugc thd hipn sau khi mgt ben DSU khdng gidi thich ro ly do nhung ngi dung quylt djnh sir dung co chd gidi quylt tranh chip cua nguydn tdc da dugc phdn tich d frdn da phdn cua WTO ma cdn cd frong qud trinh mgt bdn can ndo ly gidi cho van de ndy. nhdc xem cd ndn sir dyng he thdng gidi quyd
Ciing ed thd suy ludn rang sy im tidn dugc franh chip ndy khdng. Ciing chinh vi nguyoi trinh bay frong DSU lidn quan ddn nhung lgi ich tdc ndy md da cd y kidn cho rdng he thdng giai thyc td ciia giai phdp tich cyc nhu: khi cdc bdn quydt tranh chdp cua WTO mac dii cd nhidu tinh cd thidn ehi tranh chdp se nhanh chdng kdt thiic. chat tuomg ty tda dn nhung khdng phdi Id tda an.
Tu dd chi phi cho qud trinh gidi quydt franh chdp Peter Gallagher da nhan xet "Trong tit cd cac thdp hom ddi vdi cdc bdn vd ddi vdi WTO, vd it cudc thdo ludn vd qud trinh phdp ly nay, cdn ghi cd khd nang gay ra bat ddng cho giua cdc bdn nhd rang he thdng gidi quydt tranh chdp k h ^ tranh chap. phdi Id mgt tda dn vd cdc nguydn tdc khdng
Cdc bdn franh chap cd thd mudn dgt dugc phdi Id ludt nhu ludt xet xu bdi cdc tda dn tai gidi phdp tich cyc vi: chi phi thap horn mdt cdch cdc qudc gia Thdnh vidn. Mac du he thong giai ddng kd. Mdt gidi phdp "cimg nhit tri" cd mdt quylt ti-anh chip cua WTO "tinh tuomg til toa dnh hudng nhd born ddn sy tin nhidm ddi vdi dn" nhilu hom so vdi hinh thirc giai quylt tranh chinh sdeh cua chinh phu hom hom la vide dp dat chip ciia GATT nhung nguydn tdc ciia WTO, mdt gidi phdp tiidng qua giai quydt tranh chap, vdn duy tii, sy thda thuan thdng qua ddm phan Didu ndy se giiip cdc bdn ti^anh chip (ddc bipt Id giiia chinh phii cdc qudc gia Thdnh vidn. Thuc bdn that bgi frong vy ti^anh chdp) ti^dnh dugc cdi td DSU tilp tyc Id mdt hdi nghj ddi vdi vide giai
" DS31, (ten vilt tdt la (Canada — Periodicals) quydt ti:Bnh chap dya trdn qud trinh ddm phan
^ Vy tranh chip "An Dp - Bdng sang che bdo hp cho dua frdn "su tiida man cho cd hai bdn" khdng cdc sdn phdrn hda dupe pham yd nong nghidp';, DS50 (ten ^di ludt tiieo Didu 3.7 nhin manh" ^^ Vidt Nam viet tat la India — Patents (US)) va vy tranh chap Hoa Ky *~ i - i , . • ! > . . > , ' ' r^r\
- bifn phdp chdng ban phd gid ddi vdi tdm tu Ecuador". ^^ ^^"*, ^^^^^ tro tiianh tiianh vien cua WTO, DS335, (ten vilt tdt Id US — Shrimp (Ecuador)) cac tranh chap Id didu khd trdnh khdi khi hogt ddng ben da thda thuan khodng thdi gian hpp ly la 15 tlmg; thuong mgi phdt tridn. Vide tuan theo co chl "uu Nhat Ban - Cdc bi?n phdp dnlih udng din san phdm ndng tidn gidi phdp tich cyc" theo quy djnh Cua WTO nghiep, DS 76, (ten vilt tdt la Japan - Agricultural Pro- _•',„ „u,',„„ *„ „A tuA ™A; ^,„,A* *L. \- u" ^A
J / iTx *-' u' .•- •UA *u • uu A *u- • u Siup Chung ta CO the giai quyet tranh chap ma
ducts II) - Cac ben da thda thuan khodng thai gian hpp f, /^ -v • i i. . \' 2f^ ' • lyld9thangvdl2ngdyvatrongVytranhchip"HoaKy khong gay anh huong Ion den moi quan he giua
- Thul chdng bdn pha gid tren viec truy nhap the nhd bdn ^l?t Nam vd cdc Thdnh vidn ciia WTO. • din td 1 hoac tren 1 megabit tu Hdn Qudc - vi?n dan dilu
21.5 bdi Hdn Qudc", DS99, (ten vilt tdt Id US - DRAMS) " ppjer Gallagher, Guide to dispute settlement, Kiu- - cac ben da thda thuan khodng thdi gian hpp ly la 8 thang wer law international, 2002, tr. 12
