CO sA LY LUAN VE PHUQNG PHAP DAY HGC TICH HOP

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CO sA LY LUAN VE PHUQNG PHAP DAY HGC TICH HOP

NGUYEN THjNGOC MAI Khoa Khoa hpc Tfl n h i l n , Trfldng Dai hpc Hong Dile

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ay hpc tich hpp Id mdt quan diem day hpe nham hinh thdnh va phdt trien d hpc sinh nhilng nang Ifle can thilt trong dd cd nang tflc v$n dyng kiln tiiflc d l giii quylt ed hi|u qua cae tinh hudng thflc tiln, Thdi^ qua day hpe tieh hpp, hpe sinh ed thi van dyng kiln thflc de gidi quyll eac bii tip, dat co sd nen mdng eho qua trinh hpe tap tilp theo; cao hdn la ed thi van dyng d l giai quylt nhiing tinh hudng cd y nghia troi^ eudc sdng hdng ngay Vi vay nlu ehiing ta td chile tdt qui trinh day hpe tich hpp thi si hinh tiiinh v i phat triln dflpc nang lye eho hpc sinh die bi$t li nai^ tflc tdng hpp d l chuan bj tam the cho ngfldi hpc bfldc vao cupc sdng lao dpng ~ nang lye van dyng kien thfle nhat ti van dyng kiln Uiflc vdo thflc tien cupc sdng, 0 bai vilt niy tiinh bay mdt cich he thdng nhflng vdn de cd ban nhIt vl day hpc tiieo phflpng phap tich lipp: Khai ni|m, myc dich, dac diem vd cich thflc td chfle day hpc tich hpp.

1. KHAI NitM TICH H O P

Theo tfl diln Tilng Viet: "Tich hdp Id si^ kit hdp nhilng hotft ddng diUdng tiinh hoqc cdc thdnh phdn khdc nhau tiidnh mpt khoi chUc ndng Tieh hdp edn^a Id sU Mng nhdt, sil hda hgp sU kit hdp".

Theo tfl diln Gido dye hpe: "Ttch hap Id fidnh ddng liin kit cdc doi tugng n^iin eUu, pdng day hgc tdp cda ding mpt linh vUe hoac vdi linh vile hide nhau trong cimg mpt kehoach day hgc".

Trong tioig Anh, tich hpp Id "Intep-ation" mdt til gde Latin (integer) ed i^hla la "whole" hay "todn bd, todn the". Cd nghia ta sy phdi hpp eae boat ddng khac nhau, cdc tiiinh'phin khic nliau cua mpt he thdi^ d l bio dam sfl hdi hda chfle nang vd muc tieu boat ddi^

efla h | thdng l y

2. Muc dich ciia day hpc tich hop

Day hpc tich hpp npi dui^ dl nham hfldng din mye dich sau;

- Can kit ddo tao vdi lao ddng.

- Hpe di ddi vdi hdnh, ehu trong nai^ Iflc boat ddng.

- Day hpc hfldng din hinh tiiinh cic ning Iflc i ^ l i^hi|p, dac bi?t nang Iflc hpat ddng nghe.

- Khuyin kieh ngfldi hpc hpc mpt each todn di|n hdn (Khdng chi la kiln thfle chuyin mdn md cdn hpe nang Iflc til ili^ dung d c kiln tiiflc dd),

- Npi dung day hpe cd tinh ddng hdn la dfl trfl.

- Ngfldi hpe tich eilc, chu ddng, dde tj^ hOn...

3. DAC DIEM CUA DAY HOC TICH HOP Day hpc tieh hi;^ cd d c dac dilm sau:

3.1. Lay ngfldi hpc Idm trung tam

Day hoc lay ngfldi hpc 1dm trung tam dflpc xem la phfldng p h ^ ddp flng ylu d u cd bin cfla myc tilu gido dye nhIt la ddi vdi giao dye nghe nghilp, cd kha nang (Qnh hfldng viec to chfle qud trinh day hpc thdnh qui trinh tfl hpc qui trinh d nhan hda i^cri hpe. Day hpe lay ngfldi lipc la tiling tam ddi hdi ngflcA hpe Id chfl thi ciia hoat ddng hpc, ho phii ty hpe, tfl nghien cflu de tim ra kiln thflc bing hdnh

dpi^ eua chinh minh, ngfldi hpc khdng chi dupe dat trfldc nhilng kiln thflc cd sin d trong bdi giang eua gido viln m i phii ty dat minh vao linh hudng ed vm di cfla tiiflc tien, cy till vi sinh ddng eua nghe nghilp roi tfl dd tfl minh tim ra d i chfla bilt, eii can khdm phi hpc d l hinh, hinh d l hpc, tile Ii tfl tim kiSu kiln tiiflc cho ban tiiin.

Day hpc tieh hpp bieu hi|n each tilp can lay ngfldi hpe Id trung tam, diy l i xu hfldng ehung ed nhieu flu thi so vdi day hpe truyin thdng.

3.2. Dinh hfldng dau ra

Day hpc tich hpp chfl 1^ din kit qua hpe t ^ cua ngfldi hpe divan dyi^ vao edng vifc tfldng tai nghi nghilp sau nay ddi hdi qud trinh hpc tap phdi dim bdo chit Iflpng va hieu qui de thflc hi|n nhi|m vy.

Tfl nhflng ket qud dau ra di din xdc # i h vai trd cua ngfldi cd trach nhi|m tao ra kit qua dau ra nay, mot rai trd t ^ hpp d e hinh vi dupe mong dpi theo nhiim vy, cdng vi|c m i ngfldi dd se tiiflc hien that sy. Do dd, ddi hdi i ^ d i day phdi day dflpc cd ly tiiuylt chuyin mdn nghi nghilp vfla phii hfldng dan quy tiinh edi^ ngh|, thao tac nghe nghi^ chuiui xic, phd Hin dflpc kinh nghi|m, nlu dflpc cdc dang sai lam, hfl hdi^, nguyen nhan v i bi|n phip Idiae phyc, bilt each to chfle hfldng dan luy^n t^p.

3.3. Day vd hpc cae nang Iflc thflc hi^n

Day hpc tieh hpp do djnh hfldng kit qua dau ra nen phii xdc dinh dflpc cdc nai^ Iflc ma ngydi hpc cin nam vflng, sfl nlm viing niy dflpc the hi^n d d c cdng vi|e nghi r^hilp tiieo tieu chuIn dat ra va da dflpe xdc djnh troi^ vi|c phin tich nghi ktii xay dflng chfldng tiinh. ]0i thi hi|n nay cua cie chflcfng trinh day nghi dIu dflpc xay dflng tiien cd sd td hpp eac ndng tflc can ed eita ngfldi lao ddng trong tiiflc tien sin xult, kinh doanh, PhflOng phap dflpc dflng phd biln dl xay dflng chfldng tiinh Id phfldng phap p l : ^ tieh nghe (DACUM) hole phin tieh chfle nang cfla tfli^ i ^ l ey t h i Theo d e phfldng phdp nay, ede chfldng tiinh ddo tyo nghe thfldng dflpc kit d u theo eic md dun nang tfle thflc hi|n. Dilu ndy eiang ddi^ nghia vdi vi|e cdc npi dung gidng day trang md dun phdi dflpc xay dflng theo hfldng

"tilp can theo ky nang"

Day hpc tich hpp cd thi hilu la mdt hinh thfle day hpc kit hcfp giiia day ly thuylt va day thflc hdnh, qua dd d ngudi hpe hinh thanh mdt nang tfle ndo dd hay ky nang hdnh nghe nham ddp flng dfldc myc tilu ciia md dun. Day hpc phii tim cho i^fldi hpc ed cic nang tflc tiidi^ flng viA chiftjng trinh. Do dd. vi|c day Idln thflc ly thuyet Ididng phai d mfle dp han tim ma clu d mfle dp ein flult nham hd tro eho sfl phdt tiien cdc nai^ tflc tiiflc hanh d mdi r ^ d i hpc. Trong day hpc tich hdp, \^ thuylt ta h | thdng tii tiiflc khoa hoc chuyin nginh ve nhfli^ van dl ed ban, vl nhfli^ quy luat ehui^ eua Hnh vflc ehuyin ngdnh dd, Hon nfla, vi|e day ly tiiuyet thuin tiiy se dan den tinh trang ly thuylt sudng, kiln thfle sdch vd khdng mang lai tpi Ich tiifle tiln.

Do dd, can gan ly thuyet vdi thflc hanh trong qua trinh day hpc. Thflc

22.^ ^ —

hinh ti hinh tiiflc tuy|n tap dl trau ddi ky ning, ky xio hoat dpng giup eho ngfldi hpc tiieu rd va nam vflng kien tiiile ly tiiuyet Diy la khau cd ban dl diflc hien nguyin ly giio dye hpc di ddi vdi hanh, ty luin gan vdl thfle tien.

4. MOT S6 QUAN OliM DAY HOC TRONG T 6 CHUC DAY HOCTiCHHOP . , . . J u Ul,

' Hai quan diem day bpc ehu dao troi^ to chfle day hpc tien hop:

4.1. Day hpc giii quylt van de

') Khdi niem: Day hpc giii quylt van dl la cich thflc, eon dfldng ma giao viln dp dyng ti^ng viec day hpc de Idm phit tnen khi nang tim tdi kbam phi dde lap eua hoc sinh bang cdeh dfla ra eac tinh hudng cd van de vd dilu khien boat dpng cua hpe sinh nham giii quylt cic van de.

*) Bac trflng cua day hoc giai quylt van de (GQVD) Day hpe gidi quyet vin de gdm ed bdn die trflng sau:

(1) Dac tiUng cd bdn dia day hgc pdi quyit van de la xudtphdt tU tinh huingcd van de

' Tinh hudng ed van dl (THCVD) ludn chfla dflng ndi dui^ can xac djnh, mpt nhi|m vy can giii quylt mpt vydng mac cin thdo gd...

vi do vay kit qui eua vi|c nghiln cflu vi giai quylt THCVD si ti tri thfle mdi hoac phflong tiiflc hinh ddng mdi ddi vdi ehu the.

- THCVD dfldc dac trflng bdi mdt trang thai tam ly xuat hi|n d chu till trong khi gidi quylt mpt bai todn, md vi|e giai quyet van dl do d n den tii tiiflc mdi, cdeh tiiflc hdnh dpng mdi chfla tiiet ti^dc do..

(2) Qud ti'lnh day hgc theo quan diem GQVD dUdc chia thdnh nhUngpai doan cd mitc dich ehuyen biet:

* Thflc hiln day hpc giii quyet vin dl theo 4 bfldc Bfldc 1: DUa ra van di Dfla ra cae nhilm vy, tinh hudng va myc diehcua boat dpng

Bfldc 2, Nghien cdu vdn de- Thu tiiap hieu biet ciia hpc sinh, nghien cflu tdi heu

Bfldc 3, Gidi quyet vdn di. Dua ra ldi giai, dinh gii chpn phflong dn tdi flu

Bfldc 4: Van dung \ ^ dyng kit qua de gidi quyet bai tinh huong, van de tifOng tfl,

(3^ Qid tiinh day hgc theo quan diem GQVD bao gdm nhieu hinh thilc to ehdc da dang. Qua tiinh hoc tap ed the dien ra vcft nhflng cich td cbvfc da dang ldi cudn ngiidi hpe tham gia eung tap the, ddng nao, tianh luan dydi sfl dan dat, gdi md, co van cfla giao vien

(4) C6 nhieu mile dp tich cUc tham pa cda hgc sinh khdc nhaw Tily tiled mfle dd ddc lap eua hpc sinh trong qud trinh giii quyet van d l Tuy tiieo mde dp dpc lap cua hpe sinh Irong qua trinh giai quyet van de, ngfldi ta de d p din cdc cap dp khic nhau, eiing ddng thdi la nhflng hinh thfle khdc nhau cda day hpc giii quyet van di nhfl tfl i^hien cflu giii quylt van dl, tim tdi tflng phan, trmh bay giii quylt van de eua giao vien,

4.2. Day hpc djnh hudng hoat ddng

Bin chat ciia day hpe djnh hfldng hoat ddng la hfldng bpc sinh vao hoat dpng giii quyet cae van dl ky thuat hoac eie nhilm vu tinh hudng nghe nghilp, nhim chuan bi cho hpc sinh tham gia vio giai quyet d c nhi|m vu nghe nghilp.

- Mpt hoat ddng bao gdm nhieu hdnh ddng vi bao gid eung nhdm vio ddi tflpng di ehilm hnh nd. chinh ddi tflpng dd ti'd tiidnh ddng Cd boat ddng cua ehu the,

- Hanh ddng dflpc thfle hi|n bdng hang bat d c thao tac de giii quyet nhflng nhi|m vy nhit djnh, nham dat myc dieh cua hinh dpng, - Thao tae gan lien vdi vi|c sfl dyng d c cong ey, phfldng ti|n trong nhiing dilu kien cy tiie

s63-2016j[JflB/M?jH(

Trong bit ky hinh dpng eo y tiiflc ndo, cic ylu td tam ly dIu |

nhflng chfle nang: .»

- Dinh ^[/(Sw^hinh ddng -TTlMCiJ^ hdnh dpng - Dieu khien thfle hi|n hanh dpng - Kiem tra, diiu chinh hinh ddng

Van dyng ly tiiuylt boat dpng vao boat ddng day hpc tflc la pt coi hgc sinh Id chii thecua mpi hoat ddng hpc tap (hoc ty thu)(

hpc thflc hanh, tiifle tap sin xuat, hpc cdc hoat ddng vdn hi^:

hdi...), pdo vien cdn phdi xdy dUng nen ndi dung hoat dpngdsp lii yeu d u cua muc tieu dio tao the hien thinh h | thdng nhflng nhie vy cy till va td chfle boat dpng eua hpc sinh thflc sfl cd kit qui

Trong tim kieu day hpc djnh hfldng hoat ddng li td chfle qui Erii day hoc md tcong do hpe sinh hoat ddng de tao ra mpt san phar Thdng qua dd phdt tiien dflpe cdc ndng Iflc boat dpng nghe nghie Cdc bin chat cy thi nhfl sau;

- Day hpc dinh hfldng hoat ddng la to chfle hpc sinh hoat don mang tinh tron ven, mi trong dd hpc sinh dpc l|p thilt ke ke ho?c qui tiinh hoat ddng, thflc hi|n hoat ddng flieo kl hoaeh va kiem li ddnh gid kit qua boat d^ng,

- Id chfle qua h-inh day hpc mi trong dd hpe sinh hoc tiiong qii lioat dpng ddc lip it nhat la theo qui trinh cich thfle cua hp.

- Hpc qua eae hoat ddng ey thi mi kit qua cua boat ddng do khon nhat tliiet tuy|t ddi m i ed tinh ehat la md (cie kit qui hoat ddng c till khic nhau).

- To chfle tiln hinh gid hoc hfldng den mye tilu hinh tiianh il ho sinh ky nang gidi quyet nhi|m vu nghe nghilp.

- Kit qua l ^ day hpc dinh hfldng boat dpi^ tao ra dflpe san plilii vit chit hay y tudng,

VI khia canh phflong phdp day hpc. Gid hoc theo kieu djnh hlSn hoat dpng dflpc td chfle theo qui trinh 4 giai doan sau:

Gidi doan 1: Dya ra van dl nhiem vu bai day - Trinh bay yeu d&i kit qui hpe tap (san pham)

Giai doan 2: Td chfle lap kl hoaeh boat dpng giai quyet vin d^

Giai doan 3: To cbflc thflc hi|n iheo ke hoacb, qui trinh da %.

Giai doan 4: To chfle dinh gia: Kien thfle, ky nang. thai dd.

5. T 6 CHUC DAY HOC TICH HOP 5.1. Bdi day hgc tich hdp 5.11 Bai day tich hdp

Bai day tich hdp Id dOn vj hpc tap nhd nhat cd khi ning hinh thani noi ngydi hoc d kiln thflc. Icy ning, thai dp can tiiilt de giai quyi 1 cdng viec hoac mpt phin cdng vi^e chuyin mdn ey till, gop pbai hinh thanh ning Iflc thflc hi|n boat dpng nghi nghi|p efla hp.

Khi xay dflng bii day theo quan diem tieh hpp, ngfldi GV H 4 chi chu ti^ng ndi dung kiln tiifle tieh hop md cdn phdi xiy dflngftl h | tiidng hoat ddng, thao tic tfldng fli^ nham td chfle, din <^t ngiS hpc tflng bfldc tiiflc hien de hinh tiianh nang Ifle. Bdi day theo qua dilm tich hpp phai Id mdt gid hpc boat dpng phflc hpp ddi hois tich hpp cae kiln thfle, ky nang ehuyin mdn de giii quylt tbh huon nghe nghilp.

Bai day tich hpp hen quan din d c tiianh phan sau:

- ChflOng trimh dao tao i^hl

• Md dun giang day - Giao in tich hpp - De eflong bii gidng theo giio in - Dl kilm ti^

- Cic md phdng, bin ve, bilu miu sfl dyng trong bii gidng Trong do, giio an tich hpp ti tiianh phan quan tipng nhlt Viv?

d l td cbflc day hpc tich hpp thinh cdng dd Id GV phai biln soan^

DffUvaHpC s6 3-2016

jido an tich hpp phfl hpp vdi trhtii dp cua ngfldi bpc, vdi dieu ki§n bflc tien ciia cd sd dio tao, nhiing van ddm bdo thdi gian vd npi dung Jieo diflcfng trinh khung da quy djnh.

5.1.2. Gdodntidi hgp

Giio an tich hpp khdng phai la mpt bin d l cflOng kien thflc de gjdo viln ten tdp tiiiyen thy ap dat eho n g i ^ hpe, md la mdt ban thilt ke d c hoat dpng, tinh hudng nhim td chfle cho ngfldi hpc thfle hi|n 'irong gid lln tdp de gidi quylt eic nhi|m vy hpc tip. Vile xay dflng jiio an tieh hpp phdi dam bdo d e npi dung vl clu true dae thu. Vi|e lfla chpn hoat ddng cua gido viln va hpc sinh ddi hdi sfl sing tao linh boat de ngfldi hpe thdng qua boat ddng ma h; ehilm Hnh tri thflc, ky hang vd thdi dd ddi vdi lao dpng nghe nghi|p vd cupc sdng.

' 5.2.QuytriiditSdiikd^hgctichhap

' Tfl cO sd ly tuan vl day hpe tich hpp, dii quy trinh td cbflc day hpc

•tich hpp nhfl sau:

Bude I: Xdc dinh bdi dgv tidi hdp

' Xac dinh cdc bdi day tieh hpp tiidng qua boat dpng phin tich nghi, 'tdc bdi day t^p tirung hfldng din hinh thdnh cic nang Iflc, phan ly

•thuylt trong bii day la kiln thflc if thuylt mdi, phyc vy cho viec thflc hdnh ky nang.

3 Bude 2: Biin soon gido dn ttch hap ' (1) Xdc djnh myc tilu cda bai hpc

[I De xac dinh myc tieu cua gido dn can: Tham khdo mye tilu eua imd dun trong h | tiidi^ d c md dun cua chflOng ti-inh dio tao nghi ra philu phin tich edng vi|c. xac djnh vj tri cua md dun, bai tirong ithfldng trinh dao tao nghi, tfl dd xac dinh ctii tilt muc tilu hoc tap

eua tflng t)ii d 3 mat kiln thflc, ky nitng vd thdi dp.

n (2) Xdc dinh ndi dung bdi hpc

Dfla 1 ^ myc tieu si chon Ipc npi dung trinh bay i^an gpn, sue kieh, trdnh dfla vao bdi qua nhilu kiln thflc ma khdng phin bi|t dflpc Idln tiiflc chinh yeu viA kiln thflc ihfl ylu hole ngflpc tai lam bdi day ifitich tipp sd type, thilu ti^ng tim, Ngodi ra, dfla vdo myc tilu de bilt d e b sap xep, tiinh bdy npi dung kiln thflc mdt cich dl hieu, mach iliac logic dilt che, giflp HS hilu bii va ghi bdi mpt d c h de dang.

il - Xac djnh d e tilu ky nang cin thflc hilntrong bai hpc ij - Xie djnh nhflng kiln thflc hin quan din cdc tieu ky nang

(3) Xdc dinh d c hoat dpng day - hpc cua GV va HS - Hoat dpng day vd hpc tip trung badng tdi muc tilu - HS phai hinh thanh va phat huy ning Iflc hpp tie [i - Dl HS nlu eao trdch iihi|m trong qua tiinh hpc ii - HS phdi hpc d c h tim kian tiidng tin

^ -HS bde Id ndng tfle

iij - HS rln luyin dl hinh tiiinh ky nang nghi

jj; Tfl viec xic djnh ede boat ddng hoe tap ti:en tiii ngfldi giao vien se j/fla chon dflpc phflong phip day hpe phu hpp cho tflng bdi day il (4) Xdc djnh cae phfldng ti^n day hoc sit dyng trong bdi day p3 CSn efl vdo ndi dung vd phflOng phdp day hoc ma gido viln lfla

fhpn d c phfldng ti|n day hoc nham td diflc tdt boat ddng day - hpe IjCCiabaihpe.

(5) Xac djnh thdi gian cho mdi ndi dung ciia gido dn.

Trong vi|e xac ^ n h thdi gian thflc hiln giao dn can chii trong thdi gian day - hpe tieu ky ndng.

(6) Rutkinhnghi|msaukhithi^cbi|ngidodn' Cdng tdc chuan bj, qud trinh thfle hien, kiem tra, dinh gid Idln thilc li^ nang va thdi dd mi hpc anh linh hpi dflpc.

Bude 3: Thflc hiln bii day tich hpp

Bai day tich hpp tfldng flng vdi ky nang. ky nang la nang tfle hay

^dii nang cua chu thi thflc hien thuan thyc mdt hay mpt chuoi hanh

^png tren co sd hieu bilt (idln thflc hoac kinh nghiem) nhim tao

23

ra ket qud mong dpi. Trong ky ning ndy thfldng gdm nhieu tilu ky nang. Vi vay d l ihfle hiln bdi day tich hpp, GV can day tfliig tieu kynang.

BfAi'c4:Kiemtraddnhgld

- Hpc sinh: Thflc hi|n bdi kiem ti^ ve cic mat kiln tiifle, ky nang, thdi dd theo mye tieu bii hoe dl ra.

- Gido viln: Tfl ket qua kiem tra md hpc sinh dat dflpc gido viln se dieu ehinh ndi dung, tiiay ddi phflong phap day hpc de chit lfl(?ng day - hpc ngay mpt tdt hOn.

5.3.DiiuMintSchiicd^hgct{dthdp

Ben canh quy tirinh td cbflc day hpc da nlu, d l t6 chile day bpc tieh hdp thdnh cdng can cd cic dilu ki|n sau:

- ChUdng tiinh ddo too: Chfldng tiinhddo tao dflpc xiy dflng mdi tiieo hfldng md dun hda vi dinh hfldr^ dau ra Id nang lye hdnh nghi.

- PhUdngphdp day hoc. Cdc phfldng phdp day hpc dflpc dp dyng theo djnh hfldng hdnh dpng, tich hpp gifla tioiyln thy kiai thflc/ly tiiuylt vdi hinh thanh ren vd tuy?n ky nang/thfle hanh, nham tao dilu kiln eho ngfldi hpc chu ddng tiiam gia vi hmh tiiinh eho ngfldi hpe nang Iflc thfle hdnh nghe.

- PhUdng Hen day hoc. PhflOng tiln day hpc bao gdm d hpe lieu dflpe ttiiet ke, phit triln phfl hpp vdi md dun dao tao.

- Gido viin: Giing day tich tipp la day kit hpp Ij thuylt vi tiiflc tiinh, do vay giio viln phai ddm bio day dflpc d ty thuylt vd thfle hanh nghe, Ngoai kiln thflc ehuyen mdn, ky nang tay nglie thi giao vien phdi ed trinh dd xie djnh d c myc tilu bdi day phan bd thdi gian h t ^ iy, chpn lfla phflOi^ phip day hoc phfl hpp, khd nang bao quit va dilu hanh boat dpng ciia i^udi hpc.

- Hgc sinh: Hpe sinh phdi chii ddng, tieh cflc, dpc lap. cd tinh thin hdp tdc

- DOM/I^H: Dinh gidkit qua hpc tap nham xie dinti/edng nhan d e nang tflc md ngydi hpc da dat dflpc tiiong qua dinh gid sfl Ihfle hi|n Cling nhfl mfle dd dat dflpe d c myc tilu kiln tiiflc, ky nang vd tiidi dp.

- Cd sd v^t chat. Bin chit efla day hpe tich hpp Id td chfle day hpc kit hpp gifla day ly thuylt vd day thflc hdnh trong eflng khdi^ gian, tiidi gian vd dia diem. Dieu ndy cd nghia li khi day mdt ky nang ndo do thi phin kiln thflc tiln quan din dIu se dupe day den do vd se dflpe tiiyc hanh ngay ky nang dd. Do dd phdng day tich hpp se khac phdng day ly thuylt vd phong ehuyen day tiifle hinh, tflc li phai trang bj daydu trang tiiilt bj day hpc, eung nhfl dijng cy thflc hdnh ky nang, cy the phii dip flng dilu ki|n day dflpc ci ty thuylt vd thfle hdnh:

hiln tai chfla cd chuan quy dinh vl loai phdng ndy Tuy nhien do ftae diem eua vile to chfle day hpc tich hdp eho nen phdng hpc phii ed chd d l hpc ty thuyet ddng thdi eung phii cd chd d l bd tii miy mde thiet bj diflc hinh. Vi viy di|n tich phdng day hpc tich hpp phai du Idn d l kl bin, gbl hpe ly thuylt, lap dit cie thilt bj bd trp giang day ty thuylt, tip dat d i eic thilt bj thflc hanh eho hpe sinh.

KETLUAN

Day hpc tich hpp cd y nghia quan trpng trong vi|e giao dye, ren luyin vi phat triln kl nang tfl duy phan tich tdi^ hpp, tdidi qudt hda, trflu tflpng hda eho ngfldi hpe. Sfl phat tiien nhanh chdng cua khoa hpc kl thu|t trong giai doan hi|n nay dang ddi hdi sfl thay ddi can bin vi todn diln vl ndi dung vi phfloi^ phdp gido dye, Quan diem day bpc tich hpp ti mdt djnh hfldng trong ddi mdi can ban vi todn di|n gido dye ti mpt bfldc chuyin tfl cich ti^ cin npi dung giio due sang Hep can nang Ifle nham ddo tao con ngfldi cd tri tiifle mdi, nang dpng, sang tao khi giai quylt d e van d l trong thflc tien cupc song.

(Xem tiep trang36)

36 ^{^'^}

!0t6 D&UmM KETLUAN

Tdm I31, qua thflc tien giang d?y tham khao tdi lieu, npi dung tip huan,.. da djnh hinh nhflng chuyin de giing d?y nhlt dinh. Qua dd giup giii quylt trpn ven van dl hpc t|p vi^ bao qudt vfla chuyin slu.

TOM TAT

ThUc hm npi dung n^i quyet sd 29-NQ/TW "Ve doi mdi edn ban todn diin pdo due vd ddo tqo, ddp Ung yiu cdu cdng nghiep hoa, hi^n dai hoa trong diiu Men hnh li dii tiildng dinh hUdng XHCN vd hpi nhdp quoc te'. Hdu hit cdc pdo vien (GV) diiu quan tdm, tiep cdn tdi ndi dung day hoc tich ale. Mpt bien phdp de ndng cao ehdt lUdng day vd hgc theo hiidng tich ci^c do Id day hoc rfieo cdc diuyin de (DHTCD).

Trongkhudn fcfto fcai viet, diungtdi AU xdy dUng chuyin deXahpi eo daimdnliehsdldplO.

SUMMARY

Performing the content of Resolution No.29~NQ/TW "On the fundamental and comprehensive innovation in education and ti-mmng meetthe requirements ofindusbialization and modernization in market economic conditions, sodallst-oriented and integration international", most teachers concern about the content of active teaching, A measure to improve rfie quality of teadiing and learning is feadung topics. In the framework of the article, we try build ^Kmatic "Andent sodety" in

idelO.

ca SO LYLUAN..

(Tiip theo trang23)

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. Nguyen \ ^ Cudi^ (2006), Mpt sd van dl ehung ve ddi mdi PPDH trfldi^ THPT - dfl an phdt triln GDTHPT,

2. Bd Giao dye va Ddo tao. Day hgc tieh hdp d tiUdng Trung hgccdsd , Trung hoc pho thdng Tdi lieu t ^ huan danh cho can bd quan ly, giio viln THCS, THPT, NXB DHSP 2015.

3. Dinh Quai^ Bdo, Ha Thi Lan Hflong. Day hgc tich hdp - PhUdng thUc phdt tiien ndng lUc hoc sinh. R? ylu hdi thio khoa hpc: Ndng cao ndng lUc ddo tao pdo viin day tidi hdp mon Khoa hoc tu nhenKi Npi, 2014,y:,23-28,

TOMTAT

Day hoc b'ch hgp coy n^ia quan ti-ong^ng viec gido due, ren luyen vd phdt tiien h nang til duy phdn tich tdng hgp, khdi qudt hda, tritu tUdng hda dio npldi hgc SUphdt triin nhanh didng cua khoa hoc h thuat tiong pai doan hien nay dang ddi Iwi sU rfuy doi edn bdn vd todn dien vi npi dung vd phUdngphdp pdo diic Quan diem day hgc tieh hdp Id mdt dinh hUdngti-ongddi mdi cdn bdn vd todn dienpdo due. Id mdtbudc diuyen til cddi tiip edn ndi dung pdo due sang tiep can ndng lUc nhdm ddo tao con npldi ed tn thdc mdi, ndng ddng sdng tao khi pdi quyet cdc viin de t thUctihii

SUMMARY

Intepatedteadiinghasimportantsignificanceinedueatingti'ainingand devdopmgthinhng^Us, analytical synthesis, generalization, absti-action for learners. The rapid devdopment of science and technology in current period is requiring fundamental and comprehensive changes in content and methods of education. Intepated teaching perspective is an oriention in fundamental and comprdiensive education inovOion, is a ti-ansition from (/le approach of educational content to the approadi of capaaty to train people having new knowledge, active, aeative M ' inreallifi.

I.DATVANDE

•\^iec tim ra eac bien p h i p sU p h ? m n h i m pbal huy tjii tich cflc hpc t i p cfla hpc sinh trong dyy hpc tich sfl Id cl ttiiet. Song khi v$n dyng c i c b i | n phap vdo d?iy hpc tjch s phdi lam noi b | t npi dung c o ban cua bai hpc. Vi|c xic djn ro kiln thflc trpng t i m , nOi dung cO b i n cua bai se ed ta dyng giflp hpc sinh khdng nhin thay nhflng sfl k i | n lichs rieng re, rdi r^c trong bdi hpc, md Id mpt he thong logic clii che cua moi sfl kien ljch sfl nhfl: nguyen nhan, diln biln s kien, k i t qua va y nghia tich sfl. Tfl dd, giflp hpc sinh tid cflc, chfl dpng hpc typ h o n qua moi myc, bai hay ci kho trinh tjch sfl.

D^y hpc lich sfl theo ehudng trinh vd sach giio khoai dugc ban hanh va bien so^ui, phu h p p vdi yeu clu vi trinl dp hpc sinh mdi Idp, mdi d p phai bao d i m tinh vfla silc tinh h | thdng. Trong hpc tap ndi ehung, viec nam vflng kie'i thflc la yeu eau khdng the thieu. Tinh vflng chac trong hgi t^p t h i hien d •vipc n a m kien thflc c6 he Ihong, nhd lly, hiS sau, biet vyn dyng kien thflc da hpc de tilp thu kiln thii mdi vdo ddi song hien t?i.

Trong hpc t | p ljch sfl, h p c sinh thfldng khdng nhd difflc chinh xdc, hay n h a m l l n cae sy Idln, khdng hieu lich si khdng biet van dung kiln thflc da biet v i o hpc t?tp va cuoc sdng. Vi vay, de hpc sinh h i l u bilt ljch sfl can pbii hfldng dan cdc em n a m vflng kien thflc co ban vdi nhflng bijn phap sfl phym co hipu qua.

2. MOT SO BIEN PHAP

2.1. SU dung sdch gido khoa dechudn bi bdi gidng Viec chuan bi bdi hpc la dieu kien quan trpng de hoan thdnh tdt nhiem -vu day hpc. V i | c sfl dyng sach giio khoa chuan bj bai giang ta cdng viec can thiet ciia giio •viln d nx^

lfla tudi, d i e biet nhflng ngfldi mdi -vao nghi; phdt huy dt!(lt tinh lich eye trong hogt dpng nhyn thflc eho hpc sinh troi^

day hpe lich sfl.

Trfldc khi soan giao an, gido viln can nghiln cflu ii(i dung toan bdi trong SGK, xac djnh kiln thflc cO ban ciia bai, hieu rd npi dung, tinh than m a tac gia mong mudnS hpe sinh v l Iflng mat k i l n thflc, tfl tfldng, ki ning. Khi di cd cii nhin toin cue, khai quit, can di slu tflng myc nham tim ra kien thflc c o ban cua m y c do, sfl lien quan cua kiSi thflc dd vdi kiln thflc todn bai. Khdng nen dan deu vi mil thdi gian cung nhfl khoi tfl^fng kiln thflc cua tflng p h l i ^ xdc djnh phan ndo Ifldt qua, p h i n nao la trpng tdm. MOIM cin phii xac djnh ro phan ddng gdp cy the ve mat ndi dunj tfl tfldng, kl nang, ki xao, cae khdi n i | m e I n gidi thidi di«

hpc sinh hieu.

Vi dy, khi d^y "NUdc Viit Nam Ddn chii Cpng hda tUsiS ngdy 2.9.1945 din trUdc ngdy 19.12.1946", ve iden thflc gi*) vien can giup hpc sinh h i l u dfl^c:

+ Nhflng thuan Idi cd ban cung nhfl nhflng khd khantu Idn ciia nflde ta trong n a m dau sau Cdeh mang thing Tam + Sfl lanh d^o cua D i n g , dflng dau 11 C h u tich Ho 0 Minh, da p h i t huy nhflng t h u | n Ipi, khac phuc nhflng kli*

khan, thflc hien nhflng ehii trUOng, bien phap x i y diB^