TAP CHi KHOA HQC D.M HQC \AN L-\Sei Huynb \ u t hmmg %^ cic tgk_
X.\V DL^G CO SO D C L I E U THANH PHAN NUOC THAI DAL \ AG CIA LO.AI HINH SIEU THI
TREN DIA BAN THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
BUILDING A DATABASE OF CO.MPONENTS OF IVA TSEiVA TER FROM SL'PER.\f.4RKETS IN THE AREA OF HO CHI Ml."^H CITY
Huy\H vCCHi'OSG'-'. \Gnf:.\THASHr/.v^"^.
.\Gd TH/ TR.A MV"^ vd BUfXl i\ TH.IMT""'
TOM TAT: Tgi Viet Nam cho den nay da cd mpt so nghien cicu ddnh gid vc cong ngh^ xu ly nu&c thai sinh hogt, tuy nhien ddi vdi nu&c thdi sieu thi ddc tnmg vdn chua cd mpt di tdi nghien cicu cu the ndo. Ket qud khdo sdt. phdn tich vd ddnh gid da cho thdy nuac thdi tic siiu thi cd ddc tinh khd giong nuac thdi smh hogt khu do tiu. chica nhieu chdt hicu ca di phdn hiiy sinh hpc. cdc thdnh phdn vd ca vd vi sinh vgt. luy nhien chi tieu ddu ma cao han tu 3-35 ldn. Do do. cdng ngh^ xic ly nu&c thdi siiu thj phu hpp Id cdng ngh? .x ic lv sinh hpc nhung cdn luu y bd sung tien xic ly logi bd ddu ma. bien dpng tdi trpng hiru ca vd nita vai cdc ngudn thdi tic cdc sieu thi khdc nhau.
Tit khda: khdo sdt; ddnh gid; nu&c thai siiu thi.
ABSTRACT: There have been a number of studies evaluated treatment technology of domestic wastewater so far. but for typical supermarket wastewater, there has not been any specific research topic. The results ofthe sun'cy. analysis and evaluation have shown that the wastewater from supermarkets is similar properties to urban domestic wastewater, containing many biodegradable organic substances, inorganic components and microorganisms. However, the oil and grease indication is 3-35 times higher. Therefore, the appropriate supermarket wastewater treatment technology is biological treatment technology but it is important to pay attention lo additional pretreatment in order to eliminate oil and grease. The organic load and nitrogen fiuctuations in waste sources from various supermarkets are different.
Key words: survey; evaluation; wastewater of supermarket.
\. DAT \AiN DE nhdn thiic cao ve vdn dd mdi trudng, cdc Vdi xu hudng hdi nhdp nen kinh te sieu thi tai Thdnh phd H6 Chi Minh budc qudc te, cting vdi su phat trien manh me ddu da ddu tu xdy dung he thdng xu ly eua qud trinh edng nghiep hda ddt nude vd nude thai. Tuy nhien, do nude thai tai moi
'•> KS. Lien hiep Hpp tac \a Thuang mai Thanh pho Ho Ciu Minh (Saigon Co.op). huynhwchuong^yakoo.com '•"' ThS. Tnrong Dai hpc Cong Nghe Dong Nai
J...I j^g Tnrong Dai hpc Bach Khoa Thanh pb6 Ho Chi Minh
(....) p(35 j s Tnrong Dai hpc Bach Khoa Thanh pho H6 Chi Minh. Ma so TCKH 18-03-2019
11
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAl HOC VAN LANG So 18. Thang 1 1 - 2 0 1 9 sieu thj khde nhau ve thdnh phdn, khdi
lupng, da d ^ g ve chiing lo^i, ddi hdi phdi cd n h ^ thue diing dan va ddu tu thich dang cho vdn de dp dung edng nghe thich hpp.
Hi?n nay, cdng nghe xir Iy nude thdi bi d nhiem eac hgp chdt hiru co tren the gidi va Vi?t Nam ehu yeu Id su dung cac bien phdp sinh hpe, trong dd phuong phap xu Iy hieu khi va xu ly ky khi la phd bien, thdng thudng vdi ngudn nude thdi muc dp d nhiem cao, ngudi ta xii Iy ket h(7p ky khi va hieu khi. Tgi ede he thdng sieu thi tren dia ban Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, ciing da dp d^ng cdc edng nghe xu Iy sinh hpc khdc nhau de xu ly nude thdi nhung den nay vdn chua cd bdo cdo ehinh thue thdng ke hieu qud xu Iy ciia timg edng nghp va xae dinh edng nghe toi uu sir dyng ddi vdi nude thai sieu thi.
Theo Zhichao Wu va cpng si;, nude thdi sieu thi ihudng cd nhirng bidn dpng ldn ve luu lupng vd thanh phdn chat d nhiem, cho thay dae diem khac bi?t so vdi nude thai sinh boat do su da dang eua cde ngudn phdt sinh va ndng dp eao cua dau md trong nude. Nude thdi sieu thi ed ngudn gdc tir cdc boat dpng sinh boat eua nhan vien van phdng; cac nhd hang ndm trong sieu thi; so che va che bien thuc pham sdng, rau cii qud,... [9]. Nam 2013. nghien cuu cua Chan chi ra nude thdi sieu thi cd ngudn gdc tir cae boat ddng ve sinh, lau chiii, don dep cira hdng, gian hang trung bay hang ngdy t^i sieu thi; boat ddng kinh doanh thuc phdm chin, thue pham rau cii qua tuoi sdng. Ngodi ra, tdc gid cdn chi ra nguon phat sinh nude thai tu boat dpng ve sinh cd nhdn eiia khdeh hdng den tham quan va mua sdm tai sieu thi,... fl 11.
Trong sd cae boat ddng tren, boat dpng kinh doanh thuc phdm ndu chin va boat ddng ciia nha hang trong khu vuc sieu thi tao ra ngudn thdi cd tinh chdt ddc biet cho loai hinh sieu thi. Day Id ngudn hoat dpng tao ra thdnh phdn dau md trong nude thai.
Ket qua cita viec khao sat thuc te. ddnh gia thanh phdn nude thai sieu thi se ddng gdp mpt each cd y nghTa trong viec eai tien edng nghe, thiet bi vd dua ra gidi phdp van hdnh phii hpp cho cdc edng trinh xu Iy nude thdi sieu thi vd ddm bdo thuc hien diing cde quy djnh phdp ludt ve bdo ve mdi trudng.
2. \ 0 l DUNG
Muc tiiu; Nghien cuu dupe thuc bi?n nham xac dinh ngudn phdt sinh nude thdi tir boat dpng sieu thi va ddnh gia thanh phan nude thdi sieu thi tren dia bdn Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh. Xay dung co sd dir li?u thdnh phdn nude thdi ddu vdo dua vdo quy md kinh doanh ciia sieu thi nham giiip thirc hien tdt edng tdc qudn ly h? thdng xir Iy nude thai, ket qua nghien cuu Id lien de xdy dung cdng nghe xir Iy phii hpp cho nude thai tir he thdng cde sieu thi.
Ndi dung nghien ciru: Khdo sdt, ddnh gid, Idy mau va phan tich mau nude thdi ddu vao eiia 1 chudi he thdng sieu thi tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh. Ddnh gid dae tinh nude thai sieu thi, phan loai theo timg nhdm nude thdi.
Phuang phdp nghiin cuu: Phucmg phdp khdo sat va thu thdp thdng tin va phuong phdp thdng ke, sd lieu thu thdp se dupe xu ly de ddng bd hda, thuan tien cho viee danh gia, so sanh giira cdc giai phap, cdc cdng trinh khac nhau. Phuong phdp thuc nghiem tren mdu nude thai de phan tieh, cu the: ti§n hanh khdo sat va Idy mau
TAP CHl KHOA HOC DAl HQC \ AN L-\NG Huynh Vu C h i r o i i R ^ ^ f * i i l ^
phdn tieh chdt lupng nude thai ddu vdo ciia 10 sieu thi trong 4 ngay (1 mau ddu tudn, 2 mdu giira mdn vd 1 mdu cudi tudn).
Theo thdng ke chudi sieu thi khao sal hien ed 33 sieu thi phdn bd tren dja ban Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, 22 sieu thi cd he thdng xir Iy nude thai ddc lap. Quy md boat dpng eiia cdc sieu thi khac nhau, da sd boat dpng theo chp truyen ihdng, kinh doanh cdc mat hang thue phdm tiioi sdng, thuc an ndu chin, dd lieu dung, dd may mac,... gdp phan lam tang ndng dp d nhiem. Mdt sd sieu thi quy md ldn hoat ddng nhu trxmg tdm ihucmg mai, cd rap chieu phim, ngudn thdi ndy cd d nhiem NH4* cao. Da sd cac sieu thi ed cho thue quay thuc an nhanh, ngudn nude thdi chua dau md rdt cao, thdnh phdn ddu md gdy rdt nhieu khd khan eho vi?c lien xu ly, anh hudng den qua trinh xu ly sinh hpc, bdo tri ciia nhdn vien van hanh. Hdu het cac sieu thi deu ed lugng nude cdp sii dyng vd nude thdi sau xir iy cd edng sudt lir 30-50mVngay, 3 sieu thi cd lupng nude theo ngdy khodng 120m-'/ngay.
Do dd, chimg tdi chpn 10 sieu thi cd luu lupng tu 30-120m-'/ngdy dem de nghien
Bang 1. Thong tin chung cua
euu. Cde hoat dpng kinh doanh giiJa cdc ngay trong tudn \a nga> cudi wan khae nhau rdt ldn, dan ddn cdng sudt nude thdi va thdnh phdn nude thdi dao ddng ldn. De tai chpn 1 mdu ddu tudn. 2 mdu ngay trong ludn vd 1 mau vdo 1 ngay cudi mdn de ddnh gid nghien cuu thanh phdn nude thai ddu vao he thdng xii Iy nude thdi. Nude thai sieu thi phdt sinh chii ydu tii cac nguon sau: Nude thdi lir boat ddng so che Va che bien thuc pham; Nude thdi tu qud trinh nia chen bat trong khu am thuc vd qua trinh v?
sinh tdy rira sdn, cde kho lanh, kho ddng;
Nude thdi tir nha vp sinh,... Thanh phan tinh chat ciia nude thai sieu thi cd nhieu diem gidng vdi nude thai sinh boat: COD, BOD5, TSS, TN, NO]-, NH4^ Tdng Coliform. Diem khac biet ehinh la d nhiSm dau md, chat hihi co, chat rdn lo Iirng, chdt dinh dudng eao hon. Do dd, bdi viet chi t^p trung nghien ciru cdc chi tieu d nhiem ti^en dd danh gid thdnh phdn nude thai sieu thj.
2.L Tong quan 10 sieu thi khdo sdt Thdng tin ehung eiia 10 sieu thi th\rc hi?n khdo sat dupe trinh bdy trong bdng 1.
cac sieu thi thyc hi?n khao sat
TT
1
2
3
Sieu thj
Ten
Binh Tan Cong Quynh
Hoa Binh Ky hifu STOl
ST02
ST03 Hang sieu thj
Cong suat (m^/ngiy) Thiet
ke Thyc
te 3 ' 50 1 40
5
3
45 45
50 30
Cong nghf xir ly nirAc thai dang ^p dung
Ho lhu->Be tach md->Be dieu h6a->Ea SBR (2 be)->Be khir triing
Ho thu-^Be tach m o ^ B e dieu h6a->Be MBBR 1 - ) B e MBBR 2 ^ B e iang-> Bk khu triing Ho t h u ^ B e Uch dau->Be dieu hoa->B^ len m e n ^ B ^ SAF {4 b6. b£ vi sinh dinh bam c6 dinh)->Be lang->Be khir triing
'
TAP CHi KHOA HC)C BAI HOC VAN LANO So 18. Thing 11-2019
TT
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sif u Ihj
Tin
H6c Mon
Ly Thudng Ki?t Nguyen Kl^m
Quang Trung
Phu Lam
Thing Lgi Tuy Ly Vucmg
Ky hi^u ST04
ST05
ST06
ST07
ST08
ST09
STIO H»ng sieu thj
1
5
4
3
4
4 1
Cong suat (m'/ogay) Thiet
lie 30
120
100
120
SO
50 20
Thuc te 17
120
85
100
40
30 20
Cong nghe xir ly nirdc thai dang a p d\ing
Ho thu->Be tach m a - ^ B e dieu h6a-)Be anoxic->Be aerotank (gia the c6 d!nh}->Bi lang->Be khu tning
Ho thu-^Be tach m6->Be dieu hoa-^Be aerotank (la limg)-^Be lang->Be khir triing
Ho thu-^Be tach mo (tir d9ng)->Be dieu hoa-^Be anoxic-^Be aerotank (gia the di dpng)-^Be lang 2->Be khii trung-^Bon lpc ap luc
Ho thu-^Be tach ma->Be dieu h6a->Bc a n o x i c ^ B g MBBR-^B^ Aerotank->B6 l3ng->Ba khii triing
Ho thu-^Be tach diu->Be dieu h6a->Be len men-^Be SAF (4 be, be vi sinh dinh b i m co dinh)-> Be lang-?Be khu trung
Ho thu->Bc tach md->Be dicu h6a->Be SBR (2 be)-?Be khii tning
Ho thu-?Be tich dau-?Be dieu hoa-?Be aerotank (lo liiiig)-?Be lang lamen-?Be khir triing
Theo sd Ii?u thu thap, da sd h? thdng xu ly nude thdi cua sieu thi dp dung cdng ngh? sinh hpe mOt bde hodc hai bdc. Ddy Id cdng nghp xir ly nude thdi it tdn kem nhdt, khdng sii dyng hda chdt dpc hai, khdng sinh ra cac chat phu phdm nguy hai, tiet ki?m dien vd hieu qud xir ly cdc chat d nhiem cao. Ddi vdi nude thdi sinh boat phat sinh lu nhd vp sinh, nhd tam, da sd deu di vdo h? thdng xii Iy nude thai tap trung sau khi thodt ra tu be tiJT hoai, cd nghia Id ham lupng chdt hiru eo trong ngudn nude thai nay da gidm ddng ke trudc khi thu ve tram xii Iy. Cdc cdng trinh xu ly thudng dupe bd tri hpp khdi do yeu cau tiet kiem dien tich khi nam trong khu vye sieu thi, da sd phai che chdn kin do yeu cdu cam quan ddi vdi khu vuc kinh doanh vd khdch hang. Tdt ca cdc edng nghe xu ly diu dupe dp dung tinh
Ngudn: Khdo sdt thirc li lai cong trinh todn ddi vdi nude thdi sinh boat, quy trinh xii ly, thdnh phan nude thdi vd lieu chudn sau xu ly d6u khdng mang tinh chat dac thii cua nude thdi sieu thi.
2.2. T h a n h phan nude thai 0 nhiem ddu ma dpng thuc vdt Theo kdt qud khao sat nude thdi dau vao he thdng xir Iy nude thai ciia 10 sieu thi cho thdy, ndng dp ddu md ddng thuc vdt tt-ong nude thai sieu thi dao ddng rat Idn tii 145-I750mg/1. Hdm lupng ddu md phat sinh chu ydu trong cdc hoat dpng tir nha bep che bidn cua sieu thi va eac quay cho thue kinh doanh thuc pham. Ngodi ra, mdt phdn nhd phat sinh trong qua trinh so chd thit cd tir qudy thiiy hai sdn trong khu vuc tu chpn.
Hinh 1 chia eac nhdm d nhiem dau md dpng thyc vdt thdnh eae nhdm nhu sau: d nhidm thdp dudi 400mg/l cd 2/10 sieu thi;
TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Huynb Vu C h i f o n g . ^ i £ ^ l l H l i
nhdm d nhiem trung binh tii 400-IOOOmg/l cd 6/10 sieu thj va nhdm d nhiem eao tren lOOOmg/l cd 2/10 sieu thi. Nguyen nhdn tao nen sy khdc nhau \'e ndng dp ddu md trong nude thdi giira cdc sieu thi Id sy khde nhau trong ngudn gdc phat sinh ddu md, quy md kinh doanh ciia cdc sieu thi vd ddc biet cdng tac quan ly chdt thdi phdt sinh tai ngudn eiia limg sieu thi.
Ndng dp dau md ciia nghien ciiu cd ket qud tuong ty ndng dp ddu md ciia 5 nhd hdng khdc nhau d Trung Qudc dao ddng trong khodng 50-2.100mg/l. Dae biet, ndng dp eiia nhd hang kieu phuong Tdy (52- 2.100mg/I) va thirc an nhanh kieu My (158-
799mg/l) [5]. Nghien eim cung eho thay, ndng dp ddu md cua sieu thj cao hon rat nhieu Ian so vdi nude thdi sinh ho^t I91 Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (50-200mg/l) [2].
Theo tieu chudn xd thdi. khdng cho phep xd nude thdi chiia ddu, md vdo ngudn tiep nhdn, vi se tao thdnh mdt ldp mdng tren mat nude, edn trd vipe hap thu oxy vao trong nude, lam eho qud trinh lu lam saeh ciia nude hi suy gidm, ddng thdi dau md cdn lam tat nghen dudng dng, hu hdng thiet bi, tao miii hdi khd chiu. Vi the, cdc sieu ihi can phai cd bidn phap va cdng trinh xu ly so bp trude khi vao hp thong xii Iy nude thdi.
QNong d? 6 nhicm tmng binh
ST05 ST06 SIEU THI
C \ong dp 6 nhiem cao 3 Nong dg 6 nhilm thap Hinh I. Gia tri dau mo dgng thvc vat dau vao ciia nucrc thai sieu thi
0 nhiem long chdt rdn la lutig Theo ket qud khao sat, ndng dp tdng chdt rdn lo limg (TSS) ti-ong nude thdi ddu vdo cua mpt sd sieu thi khd eao 6/10 sieu thi vugt ngudng I50mg/1. Vdi thanh phan tinh chat nude thdi nhu tren, cdc sieu thi
dieu hda nham gidm tai trpng hiru co cho cac edng trinh phia sau.
O nhiem chdt him ca 6 nhiem BODs
Ndng dp chdt huu CO trong nude thai ciia 10 sieu thi khao sdt kha cao. Ndng dp ndy can phdi thiet ke be tdch md cd ket hpp BOD5 ddu vdo, dao ddng tu 72me/l ddn Idng can de loai bd TSS trudc khi vdo be 667mg/l, vdi gid tii trung binh 350 me/1 eao hon nhidu so vdi ddc tinh nude thdi
TAP CHl ICHOA HOC DAl HOC \ A N LANG S o l a , T h i n g 11-ZQ19
sinh hojt t»i Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh tir 110-15(hng/l[2].
N6ng dp BODs Ciia 5 nha hang Ithac nhau 6 Trung Qu6c, dao ilong ttong khoang 48-1630mg/l, dac biet nong do 6 nhilm trung binh ciia nghien cijru nay nam trong khoang 451-704mg/l ciia hpp dem a Anh [5]. Kit qua nay cho thay, thanh phan tinh
chat nuac thai sieu thi giong vm thanh phan tinh chat nuac thai nha hang.
Nong dp BODs dau vao cao do anh huong ciia luang can TSS lan va dau ma thai ra tir khu vuc che bien, quay banh mi ctia sieu thi, cac quay cho thue kinh doanh thtJc an nhanh.
l«-'iis„
t:ii^ Hii fi^ III i i
STOl ST02 ST03 ST04 ST05 ST06 5107 ST08 ST09 STIO Sl6U THI
• Ndng dgo nhiem tmng binh D Nong dp 6 nhilm cao t Nonn dv 6 nhicm thap
Hinh 2. Gia trj chat ran lo iirng dan vao ciia nuoc thai sieu thi
700 600 i 500
•?400 O
.SMO r-iB -"==.,.
li
" §
li'illfeii^':!^
A
. 1 ^ i
STOl ST02 ST03 ST04 ST05 ST06 SIEU THI
^Nong ilu li nhiem tmng binh = Nong do 6 nhiem cao
| § Ksg >.=S fci^j;
ST07 ST08 ST09 STIO
> Nong do 6 nhicm thap Hinh 3. Gia tri BOD5 <Sku vao ciia nuoc thai sieu thj
77
T.\P CHl KHOA HOC DAl HOC V.\N L.s^SG I, Vii ChiiOT8>iSt-Si 6 nhiem COD
Nong dp COD trong nutjc thai sieu thi kha cao so voi nuijc thai sinh ho^t. Nong dp COD dau vio dao dpng tit 100-887mg/l, viji gia tri trung binh 425mg/l cao ban nhieu so vcri dac tinh nuac thai sinh hoat thong thudng (2O0-300mg/l). Nong dp COD Ciia cac sieu thi khac nhau do quy mo timg sieu thi va cac Ipai hinh kinh doanh trong sieu thi. Sieu thi ST04 co nong dp
COD thap do sieu thi chi co 1 ctia hang thiic an nhanh Lotteria; Sieu thi ST06 c6 ndng dp COD cao do ngoii cac quay thiic an nhanh, sieu thi con co quay banh mi phuc vu cho khach ciia sieu thi ST06 va phan phoi cho mpt s6 sieu thi khac.
N6ng dp COD cia nghien ciiu nay nim trong khoang gia tri 292-4240 ctia nghien ciju danh gia dac tinh nutifc thai cua 5 nha hang H6ng Kong, Trung Quoc [5].
r J 4 2 - „ 4 5 0 - - -43!L-_461
STOl ST02 ST03 STiM ST05 ST06 ST07 ST08 ST09 STIO SlfeU THI
O Nong do 6 nhicm tmng binh c Nong dp 6 nhiem cao i3 N6ng dp 6 nhicm thip Hinh 4. Gia tri COD dau vao cua nuoc thai sieu th)
(5 nhiem dinh dudng 0 nhiem nita
N6ng dp NH4* trung binh trong nuac thai diu vao cua 10 sieu thi la 35mg/l. Tuy nhien, n6ng dp NH4* cp su chenh Ipch rat lan khi so sanh cac sieu thi, tu 17,5mg/l a sieu thi ST03 d5n 69mg/l ciia sieu thi STIO, n6ng dp NH4* CP the dat nguong 93mg/l nhu o sieu thi ST07. Nguyen nhan cua su chenh lech la dp Ipai hinh kinh doanh ciia cac sieu thi, doi viii sieu thi ST03 quy mo
nho, la sieu thi hang 1 va khu vyc ngoai thanh. Sieu thi ST07 la sieu thi hang 5, 6 khu vuc dong dan, ngoai kinh doanh con cho thue rap chieu phim 6 ting 3, 4.
Thuc te, de xii ly nuoc thai voi nong dp ammpnia khac nhau, cin ap dung cac cong nghe khac nhau nhim c6 thS loai bo Nita mpt each hieu qua. N6ng dp nay cao han gia tri (12-50mg/l) nuoc thai sinh hoat tai Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh [2].
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAl HQC VAN LANG So 18. Thang 11 - 2QI9
STOl ST02 ST03 ST04 ST05 ST06 ST07 ST08 ST09 STIO Sigu THI
BNonK dp 6 nhiem tmng binh B Nong 6Q 6 nhilm cao N^ Ndng dp 6 nhietn thap
Hinh 5. Gia tri NH4* dau vao ciia nuac thai sieu ihi
d nhiim phosphat; Nong do phosphat thai loai A la 6mg/l. Vi th^, vdn d^ d nhiem (P04^") frong nude thdi dau vdo cita 10 sieu phosphat ciia nude thdi sieu thi ndm trong thj khdo sdt nho hon 6mg/I. Theo QCVN muc cho phep eua ludt.
I4:2008/BTNMT, ndng dp cho phep xa
0 4 o j ^ r
Qlra
ST04 > ST05 ST06 ST07 Sr£UTH[|^
ST08 ST09 STIO
[3N6ng dp 6 nhiem Ining binh BN6ng dp 6 nhiem cao s Nong dg 6 nhiem thap Hinh 6. Gia tn P04^' dau vao ciia nude thai sieu thi
2.3. Quy mfi cong suat nirdc thai phat cong sudt 30, 50 va 120mVngay dem.
sinh tir cic sieu thi Thdnh phdn vd tinh chat nude thdi ciia ede Di^a vao ket qua khdo sal, co the chia quy mo cong sudt khdc nhau ro ret phu thdnh phdn nude thdi sieu thi theo cdc quy thupc vdo cdc boat dgng cua sieu thi va the mo cong sudt thdnh ba Ioai pbo biln Id hien trong bang 2.
B i n g 2. Thanh phan mrac thai sieu th} tucmg img vcri cac quy mo cong suat STT
] 2 3 4 5 6
Tiiong so TSS D a u m d
BODs COD NH.--N P O . ' - P
Dtra vj mg/l mg/l mgO:/l mgOi/1 mg/l mg/l
Cong suat 30mVngay 1 5 0 - 2 0 0 2 5 0 - 5 0 0 2 5 0 - 4 0 0 300 - 600
3 0 - 8 5 - 5
Cong suat SOm^/ngay 500 - 700 700 - 900 3 5 0 - 6 0 0 5 5 0 - 8 0 0 3 0 - 8 5
- 5
Cong suat 120m'/ngay 3 5 0 - 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 - 1 8 0 0
500 - 800 7 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 3 0 - 8 5
1 0 - 2 0
TAP CHl kHO-\ HfK I) \1 HOC VAN L.\.SG Huinh va C h u O T S i l ^ i S i - 3. KET Ll .\-N \ A KIEN NGHI
Dua tren ket qua khao sat ciia 10 sieu thi tren dia ban Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
mot so ket luan dugc rut ra nhu sau: Nuac thai phat sinh nhiem ban chat huu co va d^u mo dpng thuc vat tucmg doi cao, trong do nong do chat 6 nhiem cao nhat BODs = 667mg/l vuat han 13 lan, nong dp ammonia la 93mg/I vupt 19 ISn, va dac biet la 6 nhiem dju mo dpng thuc vat rat cao la 1750mg/l vupt hon 800 lan so vai QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, cpt B: Dua vao kdt qua
khao sat co thj chia thanh phJn nuoc thai sieu thi theo cac quy mo cong suit thanh 3 loai nhu sau: cong suit 30m'/ngay dem, cong suit 50m'/ngay dem, cong suat 120mVngay dem.
Ddi vdi quy md edng sudt xit ly 30m-'/ngdy dem: Thanh phin xa tinh chat nuac thai dau \ao quy mo cong suat 30m'/ngay dem tuang duong vcri thinh phin cua sieu thi ST03, ST04, ST09, STIO.
Thanh phin nuac thai dc xuit dupe trinh bay trong bang 3.
Bang 3. Thanh phan nuac thai lucmg ijng v6i quy mo cong suSt 30m'/ngay dem STT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Thong so Tong chat ran la limg (TSS)
Dau mo dong, thirc vat BODs COD Amoni (tinh theo N) Phosphat (POs-) (tinh Iheo P)
Dtm vj mg/L mg/L mgOi/L mgOi/L mg/L mg/L
Gii trj { 1 5 0 - 2 0 0 250 - 500 250 - 400 3 0 0 - 6 0 0
3 0 - 8 5 5
Ddi v&i quv md cdng sudt xic ly phdn cua sieu thi STOl, ST02, ST08. Thanh 50m^/ngdv dem: Thanh phdn va tinh chat phan vd tinh chdt nude thai nude thdi dau nude thai dau vdo quy md eong sudt vdo trinh bdy trong bang 4.
SOm^/ngay dem lucmg duong vdi thdnh
Bang 4. Thanh phan nuoc thai tuong iing voi quy mo cong suat SOmVngay dem STT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Thong so Tong chat ran ]a lung (TSS)
Dau mo dong, thyc vat BODi COD Amoni (tinh theo N) Phosphat (POj) (tinh theo P)
Don vj mg/L mg/L mg02/L mgOi/L mg/L mg/L
Gia tri 500 - 700 700 - 900 3 5 0 - 6 0 0 5 5 0 - 8 0 0 3 0 - 8 5
5
Ddi vdi quy md edng suat xu- ly phan cua sieu thi STOl, ST02, ST08. Thanh 120m'/ngdy dem: Thanh phan va tinh chit phan va tinh chit nuoc thai nuoc thai diu nuac thai diu vao quy mo cong suat vao trinh bay trong bang 5.
120ni' ngay dem mcmg ducmg viji thanh
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG
Bmng 5. Thanh phin nuoc thai tuong ung voi quy rao cong STT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Thong so Tong chit r3n lo lirag (TSS)
Dau rao dpng, thuc vat BOD, COD Amoni (tinh theo N) Phosphat (PCs) (tinh theo P)
Don vj mg/L mg/L mg02/L mgO:/L mg/L mg/L
So 18, T h i n g 1 1 - 2 0 1 9 suat 120m-'ngay dem
Gia h i 3 5 0 - 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 - 1 8 0 0
5 0 0 - 8 0 0 7 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 3 0 - 8 5
1 0 - 2 0
dp cao ban. Sy xudt hien ctia ddu md Idm nen su khdc biet ro ret ciaa nude thdi sieu thi vdi nude thai sinh boat. Do v^y, khi thiet ke cong trinh xir Iy nude thai can Iim y thiet ke be tach md ket hgp lang de xu ly dau md va TSS trude khi di vdo cong doan xu ly tiep theo.
Qua vi?c khdo sdt va phan tich mdu nude thai ddu vao cho thdy thdnh phan tinh chat nude thdi sieu thj giong nhu vdi nude thdi nhd hdng bdi vi mpt phdn boat dpng cua sieu thi giong vdi boat dgng ciia nha hdng. Cdc thdnh phan trong nude thdi deu tuofng t^ nude thai sinh boat nhtmg co nong TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
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Ngay nhdn bdi: 30-8-2019. Ngdy bien tap xong: 18-1U2019. Duyet dang: 29-11-2019 81
