Tgp chi khoa hgc TrUdng Dgi hgc Quy Nhan - Sd3, T$p VI nam 2012
CON NGl/dl THIEN NHAN TRONG THd D AO TAN
NGUYEN D I N H THU'
Dao Ta'n vd'n "sinh irudng irong mdt gia dinh iheo dgo Phdt. Bd Hd Thi Loan-me cu-ld mdt Phdi tU thudn thdnh, phung Phdt lgi nhd" [ I . 124]. NSm 1883, that vong trffdc sff ra di cffa mpt ong vua mp tu6ng, d6'i mat vdi cue di§n chinh tri ddo dien, lai chffa tin tffdng vao sff th^ng ldi cffa phong trao C^n Vffdng, Dao Tan da tff quan v^ tim den Linh Phong Tff ndi que nhk nhff mOt quy luat tS't ye'u. Trong thdi gian treo in tff quan ve nha (I883-I885), lay dao hieu Tieu Linh Phong Mai Tang, D^o cong c6 gan m6t nam tff tu, theo kieu khong dau sff ma hpc Thien tff nguon Kinh sdch phong phff.
Tac gia khdng dinh: "GiQa niin hiiu Kiin Phdc-Hdm Nghi, Tdn loi bd quan ve nhd d phia nam Kinh dd, gdi thdn nai cda Thiin di trdnh logn, ki^u chdm gay true tdng qua lgi ndi ndy, chda ndy. NgUdi xUa mgt ndm d nui qud nita, Tdn toi luc bdy gid cung tuang Hi nhu thi" [1, 53]. MSc dd, ban dau, muc dich len chiia ciia D^o cong chi la de ne tranh phong trao Can Vffdng 6 Binh Dinh. Song trong khoang th&i gian ngan ngui ay, con ngffcfi cung nhff tam hon tac gia da thffc sff hoa nhap vao dcfi song lu hanh va giac ngp, tie'p can dffpe nhffng dieu vi dieu trong tff tffdng, trie'l ly nha Phai. Ngay ca giai doan sau nay, klii xuo'ng nui Ird lai lam lam quan, tam hon ong cung luon hffdng ve Linh Phong tff, ve ddi song Phat giao vdi bao xuc cam, rung dpng Thien. Bieu Men trong sang tac thd cua tac gia la con ngudi Thiin nhdn, vdi mpt cai tam, du d dau, khi nao, cung luon hffdng de'n coi Thien.
Trffdc het, ta hay nhin nhan Thien nhan lac gia qua ddi song tu hanh. Tu hanh la phffdng phap giup con ngffdi dat tdi chd dac dao nham thoat khoi linh trang vo minh, vffdt qua be kho, luan h6i, nghiep chffdng de dffdc ve vdi coi Nie'l Ban vo sinh, vo diet. Trong thd Dao Tan, ddi song tu hanh cua tac gia khong dffdc he 16 mot each day du ma chi phang phat. Ta khong bat gap trong thd ong mpt con ngffdi sud't ngay ngoi Thien, lung kinh niem phat. CJ Dao Tan, ta lai bat gSp mot tu si phdng khoang, vffa nhff tuan thu lai vffa nhff pha bo nhffng gidi luat nha Phat. Mot mat, ong khang dinh kha nang hpc Thien gia dan cua minh; mat khac, lai la mot ttiy nhan vdi nhffng bieu hien ddi thffdng, the' tuc nhff nd von co:
Nam qudc Mai Tdng ldo hgc Thien Dam tuang to'phi tdc xuan diin Tuy ddi lgc hg Hen hoa mgo Bdi hdu qudn ca tiiu due diin.
(Sai Mai nffdc Nam hpc Thien gia dan Dffa suong Iffdng nhat dat lam liec xuan
NGUYfeNDlNHTHU- Say ch^nh choang liim rdi chi^c mO cfinh sen
Ciic c6 gdi nS'p sau Iffng cffdi rO rffdi).
Tdng Mai Tdng llaicauthtJ sau g^n nhff d^i l^pvdi hai cau thdlrffdc. Ngffdi dpc de nham tffdng 66 \k bffc Iranh bi^m hpa v^ ddi s6'ng tu hinh cua Mai lang. Nhffng khong. can phdi hifi'u r^ng. Dao TSfn khong tu hSnh theo loi khc? hanh. mii chju dnh hffdng loi lu Nam t6ng cOa Hu$ NSng (638-713). Vdi Hu$ Nang, Thi^n l6ng d3 chuyen tff chu nghia duy tSm khdch quan sang chu nghTa duy tSm chii quan. Thien phdi n^y quan ni^m r^ng, muon Viit. mpi di^u. ke cd PhSl tinh deu cd d trong moi ngffdi. VI vay. muon thSnh Ph§t. chiing ta ch^ng phdi lung nicm kinh kc. cham chSm tri gidi mh chi can gat bd vpng ni^m. "Cdch lu hdnh gidi tudt nghiim ngdt ldm chUitng trich diin kho hgnh dd nhudng chS cho ddi ,sdng lit nhiin ddy sinh thu, ddi thi dn. budn ngu ihi ndm ngu, tuy duyin. idy ngd, ihudn iing nh? nhdng, ldm cho mn ngUdi dugc khoan khodi" [3, 135].
Trong thffc tc. hinh dnh lu sT ciing rffdu thii. ta da biii gdp d Thien vffThi^n Chieu hay Tue Trung Thffdng sT Vj trong ihd Thi^n Ly-Tr3n cQng khong thieu nhffng cdnh huong Iffdng Iff nhff: "Ngff dng say ngu khong ai gpi^'KInuiL: Lq-Ngunhdn), "De ke cho sff vui den sdng" (Tran Thdi Tong-^V/ nhd .\U Dvtc San d am Thanh Phong). "Md ma'l ma nhff say chodng vdng" (Huyin Quang-Ngg Thiiy).... Ban than Thien nhan Dao Ta'n cung da thffa nhan ve sff "phd gidi" cua minh sau nhffng cdn say:
Kim nhdt hd'ng lai cdu phd gidi Hodng hoa ly lgc idy idy phong.
(Hdm nay hffng den phd bd het cdc gidi luat Hoa cue ben rdo rdi ngj vi sa> gid lay).
Tiiy hdu
Nhffvay. cai "lao hpc thien" cua M.iiTangd:i the hien ngay d cdch tu hanh theo tinh than "pha chap", khong cdn chiu sff rang bupe nghiem ngat vdo gido 1^, kinh dien cila Phat To. Chi cd nhffng ngffdi hpc Thien gia ddn nhff Dao Tan mdi nhan ra dieu dd va mdi cd dii dung khi dc tu nhff vu\
Nguyen Pham HCing cho r^ng. ihd Thien dffdc chia lam hai loai: thd Thien thien ve trie't 1^ vd thd Thien thien ve trff tinh. d Dao Tan. du mang thd Thien khdng nhieu nhu^g lai c6 du ca hai loai nay. ddi khi. nd dan xen ngay trong mpt bai thd. Tdc gia vffa "true liip phdt bieu vi- nhiing quan niem iriit hgc Phdt gido. trie't ludn ve vu tru vd nhdn sinh bdng nhiing phgm ird Phgt hgc", vffa gidn tie'p qua nhffng hinh dnh thien nhien hay cupc sd'ng sinh dpng "dien la nhitng trgng thdi tinh cdm, cdm xiic. rung dgng vi cugc sdng, ve ihien nhien mang mdu sdc. dm hudng, tdm the Thien" [6. 46].
Con ngffdi Thien nhan tdc gia irong thd the hien chu yeu d sff gidc ngp, nhan ihffc dffdc Iff Iffdng, triet ly nha Phat. Trong thd Thien cua minh, thi nhan dffng khdng it nhffng pham UTJ, thuat ngff, nhffng hinh anh. am thanh cua ddi sd'ng Phat gido de ndi len Iff tffdng, triet ly nha Phat nhff: "Thien cd", "vd", "hffu". "due", "an bdi", "phffc", "khdng".
CON NGUCtI THifeN NHAN TRONG THO DAO TAN 91
"dpc toa", "vd ngon", "nhdn". "tff tai", "Di Lac", "chung", "chung thanh", "tff", "tff mdn",... Tuy nhien, Mai Tang khdng chff trffdng thuy^'l phdp, gidng dao md thien ve khuynh hffdng chiem nghiem, suy ngam de iff gidc ngp ve dao. 6 n g nh$n thffc dffdc cdi nOi lffc phi ihffdng cOa Di Lac-"nh§'l lieu khdng" md mOt minh s^p ddt mpi viec:
Di Ldc nguyin lai bdn dgi hdng Ldn tdn cao cii Phgn vuang cung Co kim qudn ddc an bdi ddc Thuang hdi phu vdn nhdt tiiu khdng.
(Di Lac \ o n la mpt vi bo tdt r^t dung manh Lffdi nhac ngdi chcni d i e ndi cung Phan vffdng Ong rieng xep ddt vi?c xffa nay
Chuyen bien xanh vd may ndi thi chi mot tieng cffdi khdng).
Dg du Di Lgc dien ngau hdng Chinh cdi cffdi cua Di Ldc Irffdc "bien xanh va may noi" la dung khi cija ke tu hanh, " \ 6 ijy"-khdng sd trffdc mpi ddi thay, thdng tram, "dl bat bie'n ffng van bie'n"
nhff Van Hanh tffng ndi vdi de tff "Nham van thinh suy vo bd' ffy/ Thinh suy nhff Ip thao dau phd". Cdn sff "lffdi n h a c " kia dau phai la thdi xau, dd la cai tSm cua ke tu hanh khong vffdng ban, khong can thiep vdo viec ddi, phan nao gidng vdi tinh Ihan
"vo vi" cua Dao gido. Trong bai "Tuphdl", ngay d nhan de, tdc gid da nhan thffc dffdc cdi cdt loi cua quan niem \ e Phat. Ai tu hanh cung mong mud'n thanh Phat. Nhffng Phat d dau? Phat khong d trong kinh ke ma tung niem, ciing chang d the gidi Tay phffdng cffc lac ma di tim. "Phat d minh", trong long minh. Id chinh minh. "NghTa Id mdi cdi Toi ttx tim dUdng di cua minh, tti trd thdnh Phdt To cda minh" [3, 136]. Dung nhffldidancua sff Quang Nghiem: "Nam nhi tffco chi xung t h i e n / C h d bffdc theo ve'l Nhff Lai da bffdc". Nhan thffc dffdc dieu dd da la ngffdi dat dao. Thdng qua hinh thffc ddi dap iff nhien vdi bffc tffdng Di Lac, tdc gid da trinh bay kien gidi ve cdi the va cdi tffdng cua Phat tinh:
Hoa Nam khdu thinh Di Lgc Phgt Phuc nhuhiia dgi tdng hd val Tiiu vdn irung hdu nhd'l doan bdng Chi thi khong khong vd xii nggt.
(Kinh can xin hdi Phat Di Lac Trong bung chffa val gi ma to the?
Cffdi dap: trong a'y cd mpt khdi bdng Cha an gi ca, chi la trd'ng rdng).
Tu phdi
NGUYfeNPlNHTHU- Cdi th^ trong sutft nhff bdng vk cdi tffdng to Idn bfin trong "trd'ng r6ng" chinh Id chdn nhff, Phgt linh, Id cdi Nifi"! Bdn. Dd Id bieu tffdng cho th^gidi si6u hi?n thyc v6 sinh vd di^t, vd thiiy vd chung tdn t^i trong (am tffdng cua ngffdi da thdnh Phat. T^c gid cdn thd'y dff<?c cdi chan nhff d hinh dnh nffdc sud'i: "NhS'm ngum nffdc su^i trong thd'y hieu miii dao chSn nhff" {Dc vdch dd chua dng Nui). d hinh anh "dng Nui ch^ng cd gi cd"
{Phdng Linh Phong Ut quy chdu phong vd dgi tdc). Khdng dffng l^i d da'y. Thiln nhan cdn bdn den chuydn nhdn duy^n.d^n Idng tffbi, hay ndi biaictJa phan ngffdi. Duy^/i hay nhdn duyin Id khdi ni^m chi mdi quan h$ nhdn qud nh^m gidi thich cho khSdivk ldp di ciia dgo Phat. Tdc gid khdng chi trd chuydn \k nhdn duyfin; "Nhdt d^ thiin phdng thogi cUu nhan" {Du Ngu Hdnh san) md cdn tff ldm ihd ndi vl nhan duyen: "Ngau tuy ngdm luyit khdu ddn duyin" (Di vdchdd chda i^ng Ndi). Ddolifin sinh nhdn ra "Bui ddi lucrng phiJ day do" {Mai Tdng liiu chiiu) cflng Id nhdn ra td'm thdn khdn khd. bui bdm cOa nhffng kidp ngffdi sau bao ndm thdng mffu sinh, val lOn. Vi lo toan. tinh todn md rot cu^c cdn lai child mdi dau tdc bac; " Ludng cd thanh xudn cdc bgch ddu" {Ha'i ke ihanhxudn gid day dau deu da bac-Hoa triiu dg dUndi hHu Dilu Tiin khanh Di^c Co ut), "Uu thiin mdn di ban" (Lo chuydn khdng dau tdc cff bac dan-Cih/ nhdi). Dd khdng chi Id nhdn thffc vl sff thay ddi ma cdn Id nhan thffc vl noi khd cua con ngffdi, cua chinh minh. Vd tff ddy ldng sau th^m trong con ngffdi tdc gid dd todi len tinh thffdng. ldng tff bi. tinh than ciili khd cffu nan theo tff tffdng Phat gido. Tinh than dd khdng chi bieu hi$n d mong mudn dDng 108 lieng chudng iffdng trffhg cho sff gidi thodt 108 sff phien nao trong the gian (Mdt trdm le tam tieng chudng vang dpng lan dpi cay-Di vdch dd chda dng Ndi) md ddi khi, tdc gid cdn trffc tidp Ihdt len: "Cffa dpng la ndi an can tien nhau/ Ddng thffdng deu Id nhffng ngffdi xudng n\ii"-Du ngu Hdnh son. Tdc gid tff nhdn minh Id ~k6 si tff bi Ihd la Phat thiet" {Di vdch dd chua 6ng Nui) de co the cffu dp chung sinh thodt ra khdi be khd, khdng cdn ffu phien. Vd ve cudi ddi, dng cdn nhan thd'y cupc ddi ldm quan ciia minh chi nhff gia'c mpng, phan ndo tha'y dffdc cdi hff hu\ en cua cupc ddi, cua than xac nhff Van Hanh da ndi: "Than nhff di?n dnh hffu hodn vd" {Thi df lit). Nhffvay, di iff nhdn thffc cho tdi Iff nhan thffc. Ddo Td'n da de cap den nhieu phffdng di?n. tff tffdng, triet ly Phat gido trong thd.
Tim hieu sau mang thd Thien cu Dao, ta cdn ihay nhffng cam xi3c. rung dpng, nhffng cdm nhdn vc ihien nhien. cupc sdng dffqJm mdu s^lc thien, luc an luc hien. Nhin thay hdn da nhd xinh dep. dng dffa nd \C lam ban-
Ngau qud Vdn quan ddc hdo ihgch Hue lai tiiu dc bgn thu vi.
(Qua cffa ai Hai Van tinh cd nhdt dffdc vien dd dep Dem ve ngdi nha nho cho nd ldm ban vdi sdch phdng vdn).
Ddc Ihgch Cff chi dd xua't phdt tff cam xuc nhan vdn, iff cai nhin blnh dang vd biet, yeu Ihffdng den ca nhffng sinh linh nhd be, nhffng vat vo Iri vd gidc cua Thien nhan. Nhffng ke phdm phu tuc iff sao cd dffdc cam xuc, cff chi nhffvay ? The gidi thd Thiln Ddo Td'n
CON NGlTCd THifeN NHAN TRONG THO DAO TAN
c6n phQ mpt cdm xffc mien man, mdng lung, dih nd'i cua ngffdi, cCia cdnh rat khd n^m b^t. Dd Id cdm gidc man mdc v l thdi gian trong mpt dem mffa gid, khi "Hai k^ thanh xuan gid ddy d^u d i u da b a c " {Hoa triiu dg dH ndi hitu Dieu Tien khanh Di^c Cdiu).
Ld cdi hodi ni$m cffa m^t khdeh giang hd bao ndm chffa cd dip ve lai ngdi chila cu hay mpi dng quan ngS't ngffdng cffdi bd vdng vdi cdt cdch vd khdng khi thffc hff nhff LaoDamcffditrdu trong truyln Ihuyil {Vdng ddng Hdng .san phSng Thiin Tuang phi iti xud't son hffu tdc):
Hodng ddc thi nhdn kim bdi lgi Dit qudn thdy phgc dinh tao phdng.
(Nhd thd cffdi bd vdng nay khdng cdn nffa
Hdi ai Id k^ trd lai d l cffng ngffdi hen cupc tao phffng).
Ldng Thiln da khien nhffng bffc tranh thidn nhien trong thd dng cung mang dam mau s^c Thien. Thd Thien thffdng cd nhffng bffc tranh thien nhien md hd, huyin do.
Tnic Lam Dau Da-Tr^n Nhan Tong, ngffdi sdng lap ra phdi Thien Trffc Lam Yen Tff da Iffng ve nen mpt bffc tranh huyin dieu ve canh thien nhien vd cudc sdng con ngffdi:
"Trffdc xdm, sau thdn, md md nhff khdi phii/ Ben bdng chieu, cdnh nffa nhff cd nffa nhff khdng" {Thiin TrUdng vdn vgng). Ddo Tan cung hay Iffa chpn chat lieu "khdi", "may",
"rdng cliieu" d l lam cho bffc tranh nhat nhda, md do nhff di vdo cdi hff vd cua Thien:
"Lap truang van yen di ky trdng " (Chd'ng gay vffdt len may tang may khoi-Vdng ddng Hong san phdng Thiin Tugng phi' tti xudt son hdu tdc), "Nhdt kinh (kinh)yin hd tutgi ihiin" (Viing trdi thda thich mpt khdi khdi may rdng chieu-De vdch dd chda Ong Nui). 0 day, ta bat gdp Dao Tan nhff mpt tien dng dang du ngoan cdnh lien tren thien dffdng mil mu may khdi. Con ngffdi nhff vo ;y, qudn di thffc tai hien hffu de hdp nha'l vdi ihien nhien vdo coi vd ciing vd tan. Mpt tieng chudng ngan mang mang Irong dem trang md cung Id mot khdng gian huyen dieu phang pha't mdu sac Thien md Ddo cdng n^m bat dffdc:
Khiem Ldng lay Id nguyet hodng hdn Tdy trii chung thanh khdu tti mdn.
(Dffdng phia lay Khiem Lang dnh trdng nhda nhat Lan theo lieng chudng ngan de'n gd cffa chila).
Dg qud Hoa Quang tu ngdu chiim Canh bang bac, mdng lung giffa khoang khdng linh ldng a'y nhff ctiiu anh hffdng tff bdi Phong kieu dg bgc cua Trffdng Ke: "Cd Td thanh ngoai Han Sdn tff/ Da ban chung thanh ddo khach thuyen ". Tdc gia cdn phan than lam mdt Thien sff "hd phong hoan via"
de Idem tda dffdng ve cffa chinh minh. Canh mffa gid mit mu phu kin ldi v l cua con thuyin tren sdng nffdc vffa nhff thffc vffa nhff ao qua Id mpt bffc tranh tuyet dieu:
Khd di San Ong vd sd hiiu Chi tuang phong vd long quy chdu.
NGUYRNPJNHTHU' (Ddng ySu thay 6ng Ndi ch^ng cd gi ca
Chi dem gid mffa md tiin ihuyin sff trd vl).
Phdng Linh Phong tif quy chdu phong vd dgi tdc Trong dgo Ph§t. ngffdi ta ndi nhilu den Thien hay Thien dinh. Nd nguyen la ph^p tu hdnh ciia dao Thien (Djainisme) md Ph$l Thich-ca dd ke thffa. Phdp tu Thien ndy dnh hffdng trong thd Thiln khd rd. Nhffng bffc tranh dff Id thien nhidn hay cuOc sd'ng con ngffdi md ihd Thien hffdng tdi thffdng Id nhffng bffc tranh linh I$ng. Chi cd d dd, Thiln nhdn mdi cd dffdc cdi tinh lam, cdi khodng ldng tff day ldng ma suy nghi vd tim ra con dffdng gidi Ihoai khdi canh khd tr^n ai. Trong ihd Thien Ddo Tan cd nhffng bdi chi minh tdc gid ddi di$n vdi cdnh Iren nui cao nhff nui Hdng, niii Ong. Cdnh ndi a'y khdng chi dep md cdn ving ldng, thanh linh den ba't ngd. Cdn gi ving ldng hdn khi mdt minh len ngdi chda hoang Iren dinh niii Hong vdi "Cpi hdn iiing Id loi iffa lutag ngdi chda dd/ Khdi dd im Ilm nJim giff Idy chudng hff" {Vang ddng Hdng son phdng Thiin Tugng phi lU xud't san hitu ldc), hodc mpt minh dffng ndi vdch dd nui Ong md dd'i dien vdi sudi trong, mdy trdi (/V vdch dd chua Ong Ndi) chdng khdc gi cdnh ving lanh tren nui Yen Tff "Cao sdi trdi xanh am Thien mdt lanh/ Cffa md tren tan lang may" (Huyin Quang-K^n TU son am cU). O bffc tranh ving lang a'y, hinh anh ngdi chDa. cay tiing, phie'n dd nhff nhffng sinh the sd'ng hi^n len that hdn nhien. sinh dpng.
Phat gido phii dinh tff duy ly linh, suy luan md de cao Irffc gidc, Irffc cdm. VI the, cdnh
\ al hien len trong mil Thien nhdn thffdng "bdi ngd ndm bdt dUdc irong cudc sdng vdi ddng vi tu nhien, Irong trio nhdt" [6. 35]. Hinh dnh "Bich vdn huang ihdo mdn Tdng Chdn" (Cd thdm may bie'c phu day dpng Tdng Chan-Dw NgQ Hdnh son) cung Id mdt Irong nhieu bffc tranh thien nhicMi mang ddng ve nhff the. No mang dam mui dao Thiln nhff trong thd Le Thdnh Tdng:
"Diiu ngd hodn nghenh ldng hg khdch Hoa dung tinh ddi dgng irung liin'", (Chim hdt chdo ddn khach dffdi rdng tung Hoa nd ldng >cn irffdc lien trong dpng).
De Sdi San tu
O Dao Tan. dil an tu hay xud'ng nui ldm quan, tdc gia deu cd sff thd'ng nha'l d mot tdm long, mpt tam hdn ludn hffdng den Phdt, ludn quan tam den cdc chffa chiin, nha sff, lay sff thdm vieng, trd chuydn chdn Thiln mdn ldm niem vui Jc quen di mpi phien nao, lue lodi cua cudc ddi. Chi cd hdn chiic bai thd Thiln ma tac gia nhac den ra't nhieu ten chua. dien, ddng-ndi tac gia trffc tie'p ddt chan tdi thdm vieng: chiia Linh Phong (Ong Nui), chua Hda Quang. chOa Diec Co, chffa Thien Tffdng. dien Di Lac, ddng Tang Chan.... Cd ldc, tdc gia mpt minh di du ngoan canh chua, ddi khi lai cdng vd la Dieu Tien den tham lai chua cu nhff mpt chffng tich vl tudi thanh xuan cua minh:
Ndm lit nien tiin thu' dg du Hdi Dudng hoa hg thuyi't phong Im*.
CON NGtJdl THIJN NHAN TRONG THO DAO TAN
(Hai mffdi bdn ndm trffdc cung dem nay chung la cDng dao chdi Dffdi khdm hoa Hdi Dffdng cffng bdn chuypn phong Iffu).
Hoa triiu dg dUndi hitu Diiu Tiin khanh Di?c Co IU Mdi khi nhan hay budn phien vl chuypn quan trffdng, tdc gid lai mffdn cd den tham cdc sff de dffdc trd chuydn :
Ddc loa hdn nha vd nhd'l su Tiiu tuang sail minh ldng san tdng.
(Mdt minh ngdi d cffa quan khdn khd khdng vi^c gl ldm Ben dem trd nffi tang cho nha sff d nui. budn cffdi that!)
Tdng tdng Ddc biet. sud't cudc ddi ciia minh, ngodi ndi hodi hffdng. dng cdn nhd den Linh Phong Tff nhff mot ndi niem k h i c Ichodi. mong ddi:
l/u thiin mdn di ban Linh Phong hdi thu xd".
(Lo chuyen khdng dau tdc cff bac dan Chua Linh Phong Id ndi ngoanh dau lai).
Ctiu nhdi
"Trong hi thdng the gidi quan ldn gido, con ngudi dugc coi nhu mdt ihiic ihi nhi nguyen. Id sti ki'i hap giUa linh than vd thi xdc; trong do, ihi xdc Id cdi nhdt thdi, tinh thdn mdi la vinh viin" [4, 118]. Chinh vl the, mdi khi the xac dau ddn ihi tdm hdn thffdng thoat xac de phieu du den mdt ben bd ddi lap, tim kiem sff an iii hay ldng quen thffc tai. Nhu cau ta't yeu a'y, chiing ta da bat gap trong thd thien Ddo Ta'n.
Tdm lai, dao Phai do cd nhieu diem tffdng ddng vdi tam thffc, truyen Ihd'ng ciia ngffdi Viet nen da sdm dffdc nhan dan ta ddn nhan. Du cd luc thang tram, song mot ddng chdy sdng tac mang am hffdng Thiln van chffa he dfft doan u-ong van hpc Viet Nam. Xua't phat tir truyln thdng gia dinh theo Phat, sdng trong hodn canh lich sff day phffc tap va bie'n dpng, ban than lai qua met mdi vl cudc ddi ldm quan nay day mai dd ma khat vpng cffu nffdc v i n khdng thanh. Dao Ta'n da tim de'n Phat. hffdng den Phat nhff mpt ndi niem khac khoai trong sud't cupc ddi minh. Dd'i vdi Ddo cdng, dD khdng xudng tdc di tu nhffng qua thd, ta tha'y dffdc tff ddi sd'ng de'n nhan thffc tdc gid deu chju anh hffdng iff tffdng T h i l n tdng. Chinh cha't Thien trong con ngffdi tdc gia da gdp phan lam cho mot trpng quan trilu dinh ma lai ra'l gan gui vdi nhan dan, sdng nhan ai chan hda, thau hieu dffdc the thai nhan tinh trong xa hpi ba dao day bie'n ddng. Thd Thien cua tac gia tuy khdng n h i l u nhuHg da gdp phan hoan chinh bffc chan dung v l ddi sd'ng tinh than phong phu vd phffc lap cua dng quan, nha thd Dao Tan. Qua dd giup ta hieu hdn va cdng them Iran trpng cupc ddi cung nhff sang lac cua tac gid nay.
NOUYfeN BlNH THU' TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
11 ] L. X. D. Q. Djch, Mai viin elf sif, Nxb Van hda d4n t^c. Hi W i , (2005).
| 2 | Nhi^u tdc gia, Dio Tdn nhd thg nghi si tudng xudt sdc, Ty vSn hda vJ thBng tin Nghia Blnh, (1978).
[3] Nhi^u tdc gii, Vi con ngUdl cd nhdn trong vdn hgc cd Viet Nam. Nxb Giio dpc. HS Ni5i, (1997).
[4| Nhi^u tic gii, Triii hgc Mde-Linin di cUdng bii gidng ding Irong cic trudng dgi hgc. <<;,. ddng Id ndm hgc 1991-1992 (Tdi bin lin 7), T i p 2, Nxb Giio dgc, (2001).
[51 Nhi^u tic gii, Dio Tdn trim ndm nhin lgi, Nxb HOi Nhi van. (2008).
16] N. P. HClng, Tho Thiin Vi(t Nam nhUng run di lich sd vi IU lUdng nghi ihudi (Chuyin lu5n). Nxb Dai hoc qutfc gia Hi NOi, (1995).
[7] V. N. LiSn (Chd bi6n), Thu muc-Tu liiu vi Dia Tdn, Uy ban Khoa hpc vi Ky IhuSt Nghia Blnh-sa Vin h6a vi ThOng tin NghTa Blnh-Nhi hit tuflng Nghia Blnh. (1985).
[8] V. N. Vlit\ (Bifn khio), Dio Tdn tha vi ta. Nxb Sin khi'u. Hi NOi, (2003).
[9] T. N. Tham, Ca sd vdn hda Viit Nam (Tii bin lan thiJ 21. Nxb Giio due, Tp. HC.M.
(1999).
DAO TAN - A ZEN POET IN HIS WORK
Nguyen Dinh Thu Whether being philosophicalty conscious or being overwhelmed with emotions, Dao Tan's poems, portrayed in terms of nature and life, are filled vMth Zen. Despite the possibility of entering into Zen and unacknowledging himself as being a truly Zen, Dao Tan is, in fact, a Zen m his works, thus being deserved to be called a Zen person. Zen poeuy is one of his most distinctive themes and is an integral part of his spiritual portrayal.
It is this theme that helps proceed the Vietnamese Zen poems, making a huge contribution to our diversified national luerature.
"Kiloa Ngit van. Tn/dng Dai hpc Quy Nhdn
Ngay nhan bii: 29/4/2011. Ngky nhjn ding: 14/02/2012.
