I //(h/i • ^/tr'/.
Cong nghe ao hoa va Ao hoa trung tam dOf lieu
ThS. Doan Thanh Hal. i iin cue iiudng cuc C N I H 1. Tong quan ve cong nghe ao hoa
\.\. Su ra ddi va phat Inen Ra dd) lU dau nhifng nam Ihap men 60, cdng nghe ao hoa gan hen vdi ten ludi cua Tap doan cdng nghe IBM, Muc dich hang ddu ci'ia IBiVI khi phat tndn cdng nghe nay la d l xay difng mdi phdn mem cd the chay dUdc Iren cac may mainframe cua minh, dL/a he dieu hanh windows chay Iruc tiep tren nen mini PC cua IBM,
Ngdn ngLf Java ra ddi 6b ddi hdi cong nghe ao hoa phat tnen de nang cao dUOc tdc dd xi'r ly cua cac chuong Irinh Iren may hnh tiidng qua cac lenh hop ngiJ. diln hinh la hdp ngii Assembly. Dieu bdt lOi luc bay gid la chuong trinh da dUOc viel ra rdi Ihi kho sudung rdng rai vi nhu cau phan cung doi hdi su thay ddi va phat tnen. Vi the ma ngdn ngif cap cao (C/C+ + , Pascal,..) ra ddi va phat tnen. nhung mdi trudng bien dieh (compile) cdn han hep, chi thuc hien d mdt so ddng may nhat dmh.
Khi ctiUdng trinh dem ra bien dich d ddng may cua hang khac Ihi trd nen khd khan.
Phan mem chay tren nen cdng nghe ao hoa cua Java, cd t h l thuc thi ddc lap vdi phan cisng may tinh de ngudi diing khdng cdn phai phu thudc vao cac phuong thdc xd ly va luu trfl cu the nao, Chang han nhu' cac pham mem game khdng hd Iro Java thi chi chay tren duy nhat mdi he phan cdng di ddng nhal dmh. Nhdng khi cdng nghe ao hda Java ra dOi. cac phdn mdm game va chUdng trmh dan dan dUdc tach ra va doc lap vdi phan cdng di ddng, vi phdn cdng cang duoc nang cao Ihi nhu cau ngudi diing lai cdn den su lmh hoat vd tien dung, dii 6 bat ci; noi dau cung dlu SLf dgng vd dieu chinh duoc.
Cd the ndl gan hln vdi si/ ra doi cua ngdn ngfl Java, bUe franh v l cdng nghe ao hda b^t ddu dinh hinh vd phdt trien, di d^u v l cdng nghe ao hda trdn nen PC la VMWare. Tuviec tao ra mpt mdy ao cting vdt cdc Ung dung chay tren dd ngUdi ta cd t h l thue hien ao hda mdt each toan bd vd thdng nhat.
Ao hda Id mdt eflng nghe duoc thiet k§ d l tao ra mpt tdng trung gian giffa he thdng phln cdng mdy tinh vd phan mdm chay Iren nd. Bang each dUa ra mdt khai mem logic v l
Ao hoa va ti/ dpng hoa dang la 2 xu hu'dng cong nghe chinh giup giam chi phi sd Wu. gia tang tinh linh hoat cua he thong. Tai thiet trung tam du' lieu dUa tren cong nghe ao hoa la mot trong nhQng mdi quan tam hang d^u ciia cac nha quan ly cong nghe thong tin hien nay. Cong nghe ao hoa cho phep tap hop nguon tai nguyen cua nhieu may tinh khac nhau va co th^ chia se dope cac nguon tai nguyen do mot each Jinti tioat. Ao hoa la mot mo hinh thong mmh cho phep moi giao d|ch deu di/Oc xir ly theo thdi gian thtfc va la mot mo hinh ly tUdng ciJa thi/ong mai dien tif. Ao hoa giiJp cac nha lanh dao quan ly hieu qua hOn cac thiet bj CNTT, giam chi phi, don gian hoa quy trinh va rijt ng^n thai gian tri§n khai.
Hien nay, tren the giOi co mpt so cong ty dan dau ve giai phap ao hoa nhu VMware, IBM, Cisco, Microsoft. Novel.... Ao hoava tt/ dong hoa se trcf thanh xu huOng trong quan ly, van hanh va iJTig dung TTDL tai cac Viet Nam.
lai nguyen may tinh hdn la mpt khai mem udi ll, cac giai phap ao hda eo the thuc hien rdt nhieu uiec cd ieh, Ve co ban, chiing cho phep chiing ta "danh lisa" he dieu hanh rdng mdt nhom may chu chi la ngudn tai nguyen ddn le. Va giai phap ao hda eung cho phep chay nhieu he dieu hdnh ciing liic tren mot may tinh cd ba kieu ao hda cO ban:
Ao hda luu tQ: gdp d Idu triJ thdc tif nhieu thiet bl luu trii' mang d l chimg xuat hien nhu la mdi d luu triJduy nhal,
Ao hda m^ng: k i t hop tai nguyen may tinh
trong mdt mang bdng each phan chia bang thdng thanh nhCfng kenh ddc lap de cd the gan cho mdt may chu hay mdt thiet bi cu the trong thdi gian thuc,
Ao hda mdy chu: dn thudc tinh vdt ly ciia tai nguyen may chu, bao gdm con sd va nhan dang cua mdy chii ca nhdn, bdxdlivahedieu hanh tU nhijng phdn mem ehay tren chiing.
1.2. Mot sdkhai niem ve ao hoa:
Nen may tinh ao: la bd phan ao hda cd ban nhal. Nd la phdn mdm tach neng he dilu harti va Lfng dung ra khdi tai nguyen vat Ii, Wldt ien
14 • TAP CHi TIN HOC NGfc^ HANG • SO 1(125) -1/2012
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may tinh ao co nnaii ikernei) neng va no dupe cat ddt true hep tren phdn cdng, gdi vdo giCTa phan cUng vd he dilu hdnh.
May Jo: mot moi trudng hoat dong dflc lap - phdn m i m hoat dflng eiing nhung dflc lap vdi he dilu hdnh mdy chii. Ndi edeh khae, dd la viec cdi dat phdn m i m doe lap nen cua mot CPU chay md bien dich.
ko hda dng dgng: Id ao hda tren tdng Ung dgng tach cdc chuong trinh Ung dung ra khdi phdn cifng va he dieu hanh, ddc biet la gdi chiing lai nhu cdc doi tUdng dde ldp, cd the dl chuyin dupc, co till xay dung lai ma khflng cinh hudng tdi cdc he thong khde. Cflng nghe ao hda Ung dung tdi thilu hda nhUng thay doi cija he dilu hanh lien quan den ung dung vd giam nhe nhQng khd khan ve tuong thich vdi cac ehifong trinh khae.
Nhu vdy, ed the ndi cflng nghe ao hda se lam thay doi each quan Ii, dilu hdnh va hoat dflng eiia trung tdm dii' ligu. Ao hoa phd vd sU k i t hpp truyin thdng giifa phdn cimg va phln m i m . Viec tach bipt nay tao ra kha ndng cd mau thudn trong hoat dflng. Ao hda eo the di cCing vdi vige giam cac yeu edu vdt If ddi vdi trung tdm dU lieu nhUng no cung cd t h l Idm tang mUc dfl phifc tgp eija each quan Ii nhOhg mdy chu ndy. W vdy, cdn tim kiem cac giai phdp cung cap cae bien phdp quan Ii he thdng da nln cho ca mdy chu thuc vd ho.
2. Ao hoa ha tang CNTT 2.1. Aohoaluutd
Ao hda ch! qud trinh trUu tuong hda todn bp lull trfl vat ly thdnh luu trU logic. Cdc tai nguyen luu trUvdt ly duoe tong hpp thanh mot kho luu trif chung va tU dd luu trif logic dupe tao ra. Ao hfla cung cap cho ngudi dung mflt dung luong logic cho luu trfl dU heu va ngdm quy ehilu dung lupng ndy tdi vi tri vdt ly. Dilu ndy binh thUdng da dupc ede day dTa hien dai thue hien sis dung cac giai phap rieng cua timg hang. Thdm vdo dd Id ao hda nhilu day dia do nhieu hang san xuat thdnh mdt thilt bi lUu trfl cfl t h l quan ly chung. Vdi tinh hinh phdn Idn dU lieu hien nay duoe lull triJ dudi dang t^p tin phi e l u true trong khi dU heu ngdy cdng can dUdc chia se vdi nhieu loai ddi tupng ngudi dting khae nhau vdi nhiing img dung ngay cdng chuyen sdu thi luu trU dU lieu di/di dang phi cau true se ddn tdi mdt tuong lai khong the tien lieu trudc. Vdi mgc dich giai quyet nhu c l u quan ly dxs heu phi cau true mdt edeh hieu qua, cae cdng nghe tao ra cdn dap Cmg cac van de lam sao d l quan ly mdt luong Idn thdng hn mdt edeh hiflu qua va nhanh chdng ddp ifng duoe edc yeu c l u mdi. Viec ao hda dam bao todn ven cdc t$p tin lUu trif vd tao thanh mdt ngudn tdi nguyen duy nhat cd the truy cdp ngay khi cdn eflng them kha nang md rdng kha ndng luu trd khi edn vcri chi phithip nhlt. Vi&c ao hda eho phep cae nha quan tn ddp i^g nhu edu dU heu tang cao
bang each tang gSp ddi dung Iddng Idu trif, tang kha nang md rdng va hieu suat qua nhieu phien ban ddng thdi don gian hda viec quan t n . giam thieu thdi gian cai dat tdi 80%
chifc nang nay tUddng lao ra cae khdng gian luu IrU d u phdng lU cac lu dia lUu trU cd mat Irong he Ihong cung cap luu trU diing theo yeu cau, Kha nang bao v? dU heu trong cac mdi IrUdng may chu va luu IrUao cho phep di chuyen ddng ca cac ifng dung lan luu trif den cac noi trong {rung lam dU lieu de dap i/ng nhu eau kmh doanh thay ddi ddng thdi dam bao kha nang du phdng phuc hdi sau su co cd hieu qua.
Mpt sd xu the trong cdng nghe ao hda lull trd.
+ Ao hda lUutrUva dulieu ddng seddoc chap nhan nhanh chdng khi nd trd Ihanh nen tang cho dien toan dam may va cac Irung tam dif lieu lmh hoat, c6 tinh san sang cao, Ao hda lUu trif, ma cu the la ao hda cac he thong lUu trif ngoai vi se mang lai kha nang chuyin ddi Ihdng sudt tU he thong luu trif nay sang he thdng lull trif khde, giup loai bd thdi gian ngimg he thdng gdy tdn kem de Idm mdi cac he thdng luu trU. Trong khi dfl, tinh ndng Du heu dflng eho phep kho lUu trCf dUdc chuan bi san sdng trong vdng vai phut, giup dOn gian hda viee dilu chinh hieu ndng bang edeh phdn ehia vung (wride stripping) W ddng vd cap phat dung lUdng theo yeu edu cho ha tdng luu trtl linh hoat.
+ Xu the tich hop chat che ao hda luu ti-Uva mdy ehu d l tang cudng viee tnen khai ao hda trung tdm dif heu , hien ao hfla mdy chu da thdnh cong trong khdu giam thieu chi phi bang cdch hop nhlt cdc mdy chij in I n , tep tin, kilm thCf vd phdt trien lai vdi nhau vd hien da sin sang de hd tro cac mdy chu Ung dgng I d p l .
+ Phdn ehia Idp ao (virtual tiering) se duoc dp dgng eho vi^e quan ly vdng ddi dif lieu. Hien nay, vi6c phdn chia Idp ao da cd kha nang gdn lUdng dif lieu vdo mflt vting lUu trif phde hop bao gdm hieu suit, chi phi, Idp luu trUva de chuyen cac phdn nhd cua dif lieu luu trU dd tdi cdc Idp (tier) khac nhau dua tren luong tixiy xult. Ngudi diing khflng c l n phai phdn loai dif lieu luu tritvd gdn ehiing vdo Idp lUu trif nao dd, hay eung khflng phai di chuyen dU lieu dd l^n hay xudng eae ldp luu trif dua tren hoat dflng cua chiing. Kha ndng phdn chia Idp ao hodc chia Idp ddng (Dynamic Tienng) se thgt hien cdng doan ndy mflt cdch t u dflng
TAP CHi TIN HOC NGAN HANG • s 6 1(125) -1/2012 • 1 5
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ma khdng can phai phan loai dd lieu Idu trif hay dl chuyen d u lieu do lU lap nay tOi Idp khac
+ J n g dung d cUng the ran (SSD) de dai hieu suat eao hon va giam chi phi Irong cau hmh lop ao. Do cd tdi hcsn 8 0 % cac d idu Irif khdng hoat ddng thudng xuyen nen chi can mdt Idong nhd cac d SSD trong Lop 1 (Tier D d e p h u c vu cho viing dif lieu Ihddng xuyen hoat d d n g , t r o n g khi phan con lai cd Ihe nam tren cac d SAS hay SATA gia thdp hdn.
Mdt khdi he thd'ng da ldp chUa m d i luong nho cac 6 SSD gSn ciing vdi mdt luong Idn cac d SAS va SATA gia thap co the het kiem dUdc kha nhieu chi phi va cd hieu sua! truy xuat vao ra (lOPs) Idn hon (lif 4-5 lan) so vdi Ida chon chi sif dung d SAS Iren cung m d i muc dung luong.
6 dia sd dung giao thuc SAS (Serial At-
tached SCSI) se difdc dua van sif dung de tang lmh san sang va hieu suiit Irong cac he Ihdng luu trif doanh nghtep. Khdng gidng cac vong Kenh sOi quang (Fibre Channel - FC) duoc SLf dung de hd t r d cac d FC Irong cac he thdng Idu trif CLJ hon, SAS la mdt giao thdc ket noi d i l m - diem. Do d dia SAS do ed toe dd Idn hdn - 6Gbps (o FC chi' la 4Gbps) nen chiing se cd Idi the ve hieu suat vdi tdc dd va kha nang truy xuat diem-didm nhanh hon. Hien cac nha cung cap d dia khac eiJng dang nhanh chdng chuyen sang d SAS de giam ehi phi, tang hieu sudt va dd Im cay cho he thdng
6 c d nhd (SFF) se t r d nen phd bien nhd liet kiem dien nang va kha nang lam mai Idt hon, SFF la cac loai d edng 2,5- inch ehi lieu Ion khoang 6-8w, it hdn nhieu so vdi mUc lieu thu 1 2 - 1 5 w e u 3 loai d cifng 3,5-inch. SFF co
kha nang giam dang ke dien ndng tieu thu, ntiu cdu lam mat va di^n tich be mdt.
1- Cdng nghe Oien toan dam may se duac chap nhan nhU m d i md hinh ha tdng thich hpp. NhUng thanh edng bUdc dau cua dam may se giup cho chimg dUOc chap nhan rong rai hon. Ngoai ra, cung cd Ihem nhUng cong cu quan ly va cae Idp k i t hop khac d l mang lai sU Ihdng suol cho cdc diem ddu cuoi nham dam bao cho cac muc tieu cap dich VII va hoan vdn trong doanh nghtep.
1 I idi lu Irong Irung tam dif lieu, viec hpi tu mjiy chu, lUu Irif va he thdng mang se giup don gian hda va tdng toe qua trinh trien khai ifng dung. Su dung mdy chii, t h i l t bi theo doi may ao (hypervisor). thielbi lUu trif vaao hoa he thdng mang se la chia khda cung d p mot nen tang m d nham dam bao bao todn von dau t u va lua chon cua khach hang.
Cdc dieu ki^n e l n t h i l t d l thuc hifn Ao h6a lUutKf:
+ Phai cung cap mdt he t h i n g tu dia higu nang cao cho cac dU heu dang file trong moi trddng dien toan dam mdy. Oe cd the giam yeu cau ve dung Iddng lUu trU.
+ Toi da hda hieu qua dau tU trong viec ao hda may chu va may tram, loai bd hoan toan ket ndl tUmay ehu tdt he thdng iuuWngoai, giup giam chi phi ket ndi
+ Can c d phdn mem chuyen nghtep c6 kha nang dung ehung Irong viec quan ti'i tat ca may ehd. luu trif va m a n g nham tang hieu su3l he cho phep tang mat do may ao tren mdt don vi lUu trif,
fcon nda]
CUC CNTH VA IBM:
Ngay 1 5 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 1 . Cuc Cdng nghe tin hoc phoi hop vdi Cdng ty IBM Viet Nam td chirc buoi thuyel trmh v l Khung giai phap tflng the ve quan In va chuyen giao dUan, Tham dubudi thuyet trinh cd ddng dao can bd ky thuat cua Cuc Cdng nghe tin hoc va can bo t n l n khai du an ciia Ban Quan ly du an FSMIMS, Tai budi luydt trinh cac chuyen gia den t u IBM Asean da gidi thieu Idng the giai phap IMM Rational; chia se ue each thUc quan In va chuyen giao duan cl^o mdt chdc IT; trao doi va chia se kmh nghiem tnen khai giai phap tai ede niidc trong khu vdc trong ngan hang, (Dng Leon BL Wee, Giam doe Rations, IBM Asean cho b i l l nhiing khd khan thudng gap doi v a cac td chifc trong viec tnen khai thUc hien chuyen ddi ha t^ng cdng nghe thdng tin la lam the nao d l bd phdn phu trach IT cd cau tra ldi nhanh chdng doi vdi bd phdn phu trdch nghiep vu chuyen mdn
ve yeu cau eua viee ehuyen ddi, Trong khi bd phan quan ly, nghiep vu yeu cdu nhilu, e l n dap ifng nhanh. thi ngudn luc IT ehi ed han, do vay ifng vdi mfli m d hinh td chUe cdn phai cd mdt quy ti'inh xay dung, chuyen giao dU an cu the,
Tham dU budi Ihuyet trinh dng Le Manh Hdng, Cuc trUdng Cuc Cdng nghe tin hoc cho b i l t Ngdn hang Nha ndoc Viet Nam dang tnen khai qui hoach lai ha tang cdng nglie thdng tin, theo hUdng s e c h u y e n d d i m o i trudng quan t n e o s d d U l i e u phan tan t u 6 3 Chi nhanh NHNN tinh, thanh phd tap trung ve Ngan hang Trung Udng.
Od cung Id mdt Irong nhung ndi dung ky thuat chinh y l u cua duan He thdng thdng tin quan ly va hien dai hoa ngan hang (FSMIMS).
PA
1 6 • TAPCHITINHOCNGANHANG • SO 1|125) - 1/2012
