Itch - Exchange [ Nghien ciJli - Trao doi
MOT SO YEU TO BAO BAM BO TIN GAY CUA SAN PHAM HANG HOA GONG NGHIEP THONG COT CHE THI TRtfOfNG
Tdm tat Bai vidt ve dp t i n cay cua cac chi t i e u chat Ifldng san pham va hang hda cdng nghidp, van de ma khdng phai ai cijng da n h i n nh§n hdt t a m quan t r o n g , trong suot qua t r i n h t f l t f l duy khdi xfldng, nghien cflu, t h i e t k d (R&D), san xuat kinh doanh sinh ra san p h a m den ngfldi sfl dung, bao dfldng sda chfla sau nay.
Q L g TRadNG SON - Tien sy Ba Lan
Summary. A r t i c l e about t h e r e l i a b i l i t y of the i n d i c a t o r s of q u a l i t y p r o d u c t s a n d industrial goods, t h e p r o b l e m t h a t not everyone has seen the i m p o r t a n c e , d u r i n g t h e t h i n k i n g process f r o m ini- t i a t i o n , R & D , business t o t h e use, maintenance and repair later.
1 - Hieu ve Dp t i n cay
Nhflng ngfldi nghien cflu che tao, san xua't kinh doanh djch vu va nhflng ngfldi mua khdng phai tdt c i ddu da hieu ro vd DO TIN CAY c i c c h l tidu chat laong eua san pham v i hang hda cdng nghiep cung he thdng cua nd , c i vd khai n i d m v i nhflng ye'u to' i n h hfldng de'n nd.
Ngadi ta hieu rang theo quan d i e m ve chat Ifldng, Dd tin cay la kha nang duy tri chflc nang dap dng cac chi tieu chat lapng cua san pham va hang hda cdng nghiep ( ke ca ndi ve hd thd'ng cac thiet bj).
Cdn eu the hon. Do tin cay la xac xua't cua san pham hang hda cdng nghiep cung h$ thdng cua no bao dam difac boat dong theo chdc nang dat yiu ciu trong khoang thdi gian xac dinh trong cac diSu ki$n hoat dong cu the, trong dd cd ca nhdng dieu ki$n khac thudng hoac tai nan dugc dU bao trade, cho den khi co hdng hoc dau tien.
Mdt he thd'ng cd khi bi huy diet chi bdi mdt ehi tiet nhd hdng hoc dot ngdt ( t h f du sdc ben khdng du dd tin cay: mpt cai chdt phanh h\ gay do bi thay tfl chdt thep thanh chdt nhdm) hoac chflc nang hoat ddng khdng bao d i m ( t h i du mat dd tin cay ve chi tieu ky thuat: mdt piston thuy Iflc d banh lai dudi may bay bi ket, mdt cai gioang bjt kin tren tau vu tru bi hd, hoac he cdng nghe khdng du dd tin cay ve dd sach v6 trung: dfldng dng thiet bi eua nha m i y sfla bi VI khuan xam nhap, hoac do thiet ke gay n h a m l i n trong viec doc tin hidu de dieu khien...).
Vi vay Dp tin cay trong ca qua trinh tfl dau tfl khi nghidn cflu thiet ke che tao, bao quan, Iflu thdng, sd dung, b i o tri bao dfldng deu la nhdng qua trinh ndi tiep (nhu mach dien mSc ndi tiep) eac yeu t d anh hfldng de'n dp tin cay. Trong maeh kha nang duy tri dd, ngfldi ta tang dd tin cay bang each cd cho cho them he song song, thi du ben canh ngudn dien thanh pho ed ngudn ac quy, p i n ; he l i i ta dpng va he lai true tie'p bang tay; cd hai may chu trong hd mang may t i n h ; v.v...
D d tin cay eua he thd'ng l i tfeh sd' cua cac dd tin cay thanh p h a n .
Ve quan d i e m kinh te' thi trUdng d nUde ta, ngadi ta tha'y d i qua giai doan "ed ma dung l i tdt r d i " , ma ngadi ta se quan tam nhieu hon den D d tin cay khi mua s I m hang hda. Cdn h i n g xudt khau thi ve phaong didn nay, dd hieu tai sao ngadi ta thich mua s I m mua hang tfl cae nfldc cdng nghiep phat trien G 7 , cflc ehang da do ft vd'n thieu tien ndn phai mua hang cua cac nfldc kem p h i t t r i i n hon, do dd tin cay kem hon. Tdc la quan hd theo quy l u i t g i i tri va gia tri sd dung, gia trj v i gia e l , cung e l u , . . .
2- M p t sd t r o n g cac yeu t d anh hfldng den dp tin cay:
Con ngfldi, ydu t d dau tien anh hfldng de'n dp tin cay dflOe ndi dd'n trong suot q u i trinh tfl tfl duy khdi xfldng sinh ra s i n p h a m de'n ngfldi sfl dung, b i o dfldng sda chfla sau nay, phu thudc v i o tfnh chuydn nghiep, trinh d d , trach n h i d m , dao dfle nghd nghidp, tinh can t h a n , sach se, chau chudt, kh3 nang tfl duy hd thd'ng, k h i nang Ifldng trflde he thd'ng cac quy luat, cac hien tflpng n g l u nhidn tat
3 6 I Tdp (hi Doanh nghi$p Cd l(hf & Did sfl'ng - So 2/2013
NghiSn cuti - Trao ddi I Research - Exc
nhien nhan q u i . . . Tuy v | y thflc te l i p h i i g^p p h i i h? luy t d vide nhieu ngfldi ngai hoe mdn tridt hpc, t h i m chi ddi b d , trong khi mdn n i y l i tao khoa hoe tfl duy cho con ngfldi ma cac nfldc phat trien d I u bat budc phai hoc.
Tiep den cu the hon la quan d i e m va sfl dieu h i n h hd thdng c i n bd q u i n ly, dieu hanh nghidn cdu thiet kd v i s i n xuat kinh doanh, cdng nhan vidn he thdng cdng nghe, ngfldi sfl dung s I m pham va hang hda cdng nghidp ve quan d i e m ve bio dhm Do tin cay cho tOng chi tieu trong he thong chat /uWig trong can ddi vdi hidu q u i kinh t d s i n xua't kinh doanh, tidu dijng, an toan eho x i hdi eung nhfl an toan va chdng d nhiem mdi trfldng (xin tham khao bai Trong kinh te thi tnJdng, hang hda cdng nghi$p can cd chat laang tdng hap tdi flu- ie TrUdng San -Tap chi Doanh nghiep Ca khi & Ddi song sd 28 thang 7-2013), gdm:
1) Chi tidu chat IflOng ky t h u i t chuyen nganh va phdc hop, da nganh.
2) Chi tieu chat Iflpng ergonomie (quan he san pham - con ngfldi va mdi trfldng).
3. Chl tieu chat lapng tham my cdng nghiep.
4. Chl tidu chat lapng thudc pham vi cac vat lieu tao ra s i n pham.
5. Chi tidu chat lapng thudc pham vi cdng nghe va nang Iflpng trong che tao.
6. Chi tidu ehi't lapng kinh te.
7. Chi tieu chat laong thudc pham vi tinh chat xa hpi cua s i n pham.
Theo quan diem chat Iflpng thi mdi chi tidu chat Iflpng p h i i kem theo dd tin cay cua nd. Khai niem dd tin cay md rdng nhd vay, khdng phai chi cd do tin cay rieng cho chi tieu ky thuat ma nhieu ngadi chu trong dau. Trong thpc te', da cd s i n pham cdng nghiep tieu dung nha tam chan eho bd xe may da chuyen tinh nang khdng an toan gay bdng sang sd khdng an t o i n k h i c la lam s i c qua, khong sfl ly mep sac do dot dap, cfla ddt c h i n ngfldi di dfldng, lam ddt tay khi rda xe (Chi tidu chat iaong cdng thai hpc). Vide n i y i n h hadng den dd tin cay cua c i chide xe may trong viec p h i i b i o d i m an toan giao thdng va b i o d i m an toan cho cdng dong.
Nha vay ngadi va hd thdng nghien cdu thiet ke', phaong an thiet ke, dfl bao va Ifla chon hd so uu tien cho 7 c i c chl tieu chat laong..., phaong an cho bao dfldng, b i o q u i n sau nay, trinh ta sfl dung va sd ly cae hidn tfli?ng tinh hudng dfl bao trflde eua he thdng phan cflng v i phan m i m (chflong trinh may tinh) la rat quan trpng anh hfldng de'n dp tin cgy c i h i n g hda.
Ngfldi ta thfldng p h i i cd chd dp b i o h i n h , idc la khi cd td hdng hdc d I u tien dflpc sfla chfla midn phi cd dieu kidn trong k h o i n g thdi gian dfl b i o cho phdp v i quy djnh tdi thieu cua luat phap. Cac n h i sin xuat khi l i m dflpc s i n pham cd dd tin cay cao
thi dam eho b i o h i n h thdi ban l i u hdn so vdi c i c hang lam hang hda cd dp tin e i y thdp hdn.
D d tin cay thay ddi theo thdi gian va ty Id nghjch vdi kha n i n g hdng hoc. Thdi gian d I u khi van h i n h chay thd, kha nang hdng hdc giam dan, dd tin cay tang dan, khi chay on dmh thi kha n i n g hdng hdc thfldng duy tri khdng thay ddi va khi het thdi gian dfl bao th) dd tin cay giam trong khi k h i nang hdng hoc tang len. Khi xa hdi chu trong b i o vd con ngfldi va mdi tradng, cd luat b i o ve ngfldi tieu dung thi h i n g hda se phai cd dd tin cay cao hon va x i hdi v i thj trfldng cao cap sd khdng cha'p nhan hang hda ed dd tin cay tha'p.
Nhieu yeu td xa hdi anh hfldng den dp tin cay cua hang hda. Thi du da ed cdng n h i n khdng thich tfl ddng hda, choc p h i cho hdng he thdng do Ifldng dieu khien ta ddng do dd day cua giay trong n h i m i y s i n xuat giay de cd the an c i p giay. 0 cap cao hon la he quan iy didu hanh, chl chd t i m lam h i n g kem chat lapng, nhin ngan, chUa thflc sfl theo kinh te thi tnJdng nghiem tuc, dap dng quy luit quan he cung cau, g i i trj v i gia tri sddyng, chat IflOng, gia e i , . . . d e d a t dflOe lam ra dflpc, ban dapc, b i n cd lai nhang b i o d i m yeu c i u cua luat phap va phat trien v i n minh xa hdi.
Cac san pham h i n g hda cdng nghidp thadng la cac to hpp ky thuat da nganh v i cdng nghd ehe tao ra nd eung la cdng nghd da n g i n h . Trong h i n g hda va trong cdng nghe deu ed tich hpp da nganh va cd sfl tham gia eua may linh didn tfl. Dp tin cgy cija ehflOng trinh dieu khien ( phan mem) cung rat quan trong. Neu khi mua vu khi nfldc khac ma ta khdng lam chu dfldc dd tin c i y , khi ta c i n sfl dung trong chien tranh ma hp khoa phan mem dieu khien thi vu khi bi vd hieu. Bdn c^nh dd dp tin cay phan mem se kem neu h o i c phan mem dieu khien cd khiem khuye't. Id hdng hoac de h\ virus may tinh xam nhap qua mang didu khien deu cflc ky nguy hiem. Cac san pham tin hoe va vien thdng cung vay. Khong can than thi n h i l u hoat ddng eua xa hdi bj sap do do bao mat trdi p h i huy he thdng thiet bi dieu khien truydn tai dien hoac b\ khoa do nfldc ngoai hp tac ddng mdt Idnh tfl phan mem dieu khien vidn thdng, hoac chi do chudt can day dan tin hieu dieu khien ma lam cho may bay rdi...
Trong cd che kinh te thi trfldng, nhat la dd'i vdi hang hda xua't khau, Dp tin cgy cao cua cac ehi tieu chat laong cua san pham va hang hda cdng nghidp- didu ta nen chu trong neu nhfl mud'n t i n g thj phan.
Mudn lam hang hda cd dd tin cay cao thi trade het phai cd eon ngfldi tin cay da. Da lau nay, nhieu hoc sinh hpc nghd va sinh vien dai hoc ihi dau vao thi gian lan quay cop, hpc dai khai, thi cho qua chuyen... thi lam sao du dp tin cay ve kien thde va dao ddc nghe nghiep nfla, nen s i n pham hp l i m ra sao cd dd tin cay cao dflpc?./. U
T?p chl Doanh nghidp CO khi & DftI sfl'ng - So 2/J011 1 3 7
