JSTPM T^ 4, Sd 1.2015
TRIEN KHAI CO C H ^ T I / C H U , TV* CHIU TRACH N H I l M TiM CAC T 6 CHtJ'C DfCH V^T KY T H U A T CONG TRONG LINH VJ^C TIEU CHUAN - DO LlTdNG - CHAT LU*g[NG
ThS. Ngnvcn Vii
Trung tim Ky thuit T i ^ chuan Do ludng Chat lupng I, Tong CMC Tiai chuan - Do ludng - Chit lupng, Bp KH&CN
Tundm 2005 din nay, 16 chtic dich vv kp Ihudt cdng trong ttnh vyrc Tihi chudn - Do ludng - Chdt lugng (Id mdt logi hinh Id chdc khoa hgc vd cdng ngfii - KH&CN) dugc chuyin sang hogl d^ng theo Nghj djnh sS 115/2005/ND-CP ngdy 05/9/2005 cua Chinh phu quy dinh vicadiitif chu, tif chiu o-dch nhiim (TCTCTN) cua 16 chuc KH&CN cdng ldp V'iic chuyin ddi dd dugc thvc hi^n thdnh cdng d mdl sS dan v/ Irung uang nhung chua ihyK sif didnh cdng & cdc dan vf dia phutmg. Nghiin cuu ndy nhdm gdp phdn ldm rdcasdly ludn, Aifc tiin cua vdn di TCTCTN; phdn tich nhiing thdnh cdng vd chua didnh cdng, nhOng thudn 10. Hid khdn trong qud ti-inh chuyin dSi vdtiidddi xudt mdt sS ca chi, chlnh sdch nhdm ddy mgnh qud tiinh chuyin ddi cua cdc tS chdc dich v^ kp Ihudl cdng (DIKTC) trong Ibih vgc Tiiu chudn - Do ludng - Chdl lugng (TDC) sang ca chi TCTCTN theo tinh th^ cua Nghl dinh sd 115/2005/ND-CP cua Chinh phu (ND J15).
Tir khda: Djch vv kp Ihudt cdng: Tv chu tif chju bdch nhiim: Td chiic KH&CN: Tiiu chudn: Do ludng: Chdl lugng.
Mds6:l5030IOI
I. CO s d L V L U A N V A KINH NGHIf M N U O C N G O A I Vft TV* CHU, TV
ciqu TRACH NHI$M CUA TO cwCrc KHOA HQC VA C6NG NGH?
C6NGLAP
1. Cff so ly luan ve ty^ chu, ty chiu trach nhifm /.;. T^chu
Tfaeo tii diln tiing Vifit, ty chii li ty dieu hanti, quin ty mpi cdng vific ciia minh, kfadng bj ai chi phdi. Theo Wikipedia, ty efaii/tti tii (autonomy) cd nguon goc tii tieng Hy L^p l i autonomos, ttong dd, auto li "ty minfa", cdn nomos la "luit", nghTa l i vific "ty minh lim luit lfi". Theo tir diln Oxford, ty chii/Ur tri la quyen hoic dilu kifin ty quin, dupe ty do quyet djnh khdng ctiju su luem soil hoic anh hudng tu ben ngoii. Theo Berdatil (1990), cd 2 loai ty chii l i ty chu tfayc cfaat (substantial autonomy) v i ty chii v l quy trinh (proc«(hire autonomy):
TVifti khm cachittfdiO, ttfchfu trdch nhifm..
Tu chu thuc chdt t i ty cfaii toin quyen tii ktiiu ty djnfa do9t cic hisimg nghifin ciru, boat dpng, cic djch vy KH&CN, khdng cd sy can thifip ciia cic cap quin ty ttong vific phan bo, bo tri nguon lyc. Hoat d$ng ciia to chiic niy chi chiu sy (£eu ctiinh cua pliip luit cd lifin quan v i cic co quan gjim sit... Ty chii tfayc chat tfaudng cd d td cfaOtc tu nhin, noi ma qayea sd hiiu thupc ve mOt ca ntiin hay mOt nhdm ngufri v i hp cd toan quyln quyet djnh phuong thiic ho^t dpng v i dilu hinh tp chiic cua minh (to chuc KH&CN tu nhan, doanfa ngfaifip). 6 cic t6 cfauc cdn cd mpt phan bi chi phoi bdi cae hfi quin ly eSp hinh chinh thi khdng cd ty ehii thyc sy (100%) m i ctii ed bin ty chii. Trudng hpp ty chii niy thudng thay d cie t6 chiic sy ngtiifip, ttong dd cd to cfaiic KH&CN cdng l$p;
Tu chu vi quy trinh nghia l i ty (filu hinfa hi khau dieu hinh k l fao&cfa fao9t ddng din khiu tii cfainh, nhin lyc v i dinh gii to chiic, khdng ty ehii vific ra cic quylt djnh.
Nbu viy ty ehu l i tf minh dui^c dua ra cac quylt djnh lifin quan dfin cdng vific mi kfadng ein xin phfip ho$c chii yeu li khdng phii xin phep ai. Thyc tiifin ty chii li mpt sy chia se quyln lyc, giao quyen cho cip dinii ntiieu hon, giam bdt sy tip trung hda, hinh chinh hda, giim sy can tiiifip vio cdng vific ciia to chiic.
Nguyen tie ty ehii l i cho phfip ty do cin tiult, khdng cd sy can thifip eiia bfin ngoii, tiong vific sip xep to chtic v i dieu hinh npi bp cung nfau phin bd Uong npi bp nguon tii chinh, tuyIn dyng nhin lyc v i bo tri dilu kifin lim vific, xac djnfa ntiifim vg chuyfin mdn, ty quylt djnh cic mye tifiu . D6i vin cie to cbiic KH&CN cdng Ifip, cic nudc phit trien ngudi ta quan tam din ttr chii rat sdm vi nd phu fapp vdi die thd eua hP9t d$ng KH&CN (ty do, sing t^o) Cic mit ty ehu d diy ehii ylu l i cie ty cfau v l xic djnh ntiifim vy, ke fao9ch chuyfin mdn; ty ehu v l tii ctiinh; ty chu ve nhin lyc; ty cbii ve sii dyng ket qui ngtufin ciiu. Tiiy theo tinh ttinfa pliit ttien ning lyc ciia to chiic KH&CN, nfau cau ttij trudng v l eic sin pfaam ciia th chiic KH&CN ciing nfau quan dilm, chinh sach cua Nhi nudc m i ngudi ta giao quyln ty chii cho th chiic KH&CN vdi cic miic dd khic nfaau (ty chu hoin toin hoic hr chit mpt phan).
1.2. T^chfU track nhifm
Bfin c ^ vific giao quyln manh, cie co quan quin ly Nhi nude ddi hdi eic to cbiic pfaai cd trich nlufim vdi quyen d i dupc giao. Dd l i trich ntiifim giii trinh trudc Nfai nudc ve vific sir dyng cd hifiu qui cic eo sd vit chit ky thuit, cic nguon lyc mi Nhi nudc da gjao cho don vj quan ly, su dyng [1].
Cac nude thudng nifin diu tiln hinh dinh gii cdng khai boat dpng ciia tp chiic KH&CN de qua dd cic to chiic KH&CN giii trinh vl uich nhifim sii
JSTPM Tip 4, Sd 1,201S
dyng cic n g u ^ lyc v i kit qui d^t Aipc ciia to dsac KH&CN theo miic dp TCTCTN dupc giao.
2. Kinh nghiem, thuc tien ve t h ^ hifn t ^ cho, t y chiu trach nhifm cua to chirc khoa hyc v i cong nghf cong lap
2.1. Kinh nghifm chung vi t^ chu, t^ chiu trdch nhifm cua td churc khoa hpc vd cong nghf cong /fip
Cic to chiic nghien cuu iing dyng v i trien khai eua Diie (FhG), Ptian Lan (TEKES), H i Lan (TNO) [6] tir liu da ip dyng cfai dp ty ttj trong bo9t dpng KH&CN. Cy till, cic to chtic KH&CN:
Cd quyln ty trj Uong xic $nh ntiifim vy KH&CN, pfauong fau(7ng pfait trien Idioa hpc. Theo dd, eic xh chiic KH&CN ho^t dpng theo nguyfin tic ty xic dinh, tim kiem cic ntiifim vy K H & C : N (tii nhi nudc, hi xa hpi, tir sin xuat, td hpp tic quoc te) theo chuc ning dupc giao;
Ty ehii ve tii chinfa (toin phin hoic mpt pfaan) Idnfa phi bo9t dpng tfaudng xuyen. Trong dd, phan ngin sich nhi nudc cip cho to churc KH&CN dupc thyc tiifin tfaeo don dit hing hoic tfaeo ntiifim vg thudng xuyfin theo chiic ning do to chiic KH&CN ty xic (^nh v i dupe don vj ed thim quyln phfi duyfit, cip kinh plii, D6i v<ii phin kinh phi ty chii, to chiic KH&CN thyc hifin thdng qua vific ky hfjp ddng vdi eic td ehiic nhu doanh ngtufip, eic td ehiic xa hpi Icfaae,...
Dupc chii dpng uong vific td chirc v i nhin lye. Tfaeo dd, cic td chirc KH&CN dupc ip dyng co cbl td chiic linh ho^t (it bifin chi v i chii yeu l i hpp ddng cd tiidi h ^ , tbeo dy in), ehu dpng ttong vific tii ciu tnic, sip xip td chiic, luan chuyen nhan lyc,...
Thyc hifin ty chii ttong dinh gji kit qui, tiifiu qui v i sii dyng kit qui ho^t dpng KH&CN, ttfin co sd dd triln khai c^ac bpp ddng KH&CN vdi doanh ngtiifip; phat ttien bp ptiin sin xuit cang nghfi mdi, sin pham mdi v i ttong ntiieu trudng hpp md rpng sin xuat v i ehuyin toin bp td chiic KH&CN tfainh doanh ngtiifip (spinnsut) hoic tich b$ phin d) edng nghfi mdi, sin ptiim mcii thinh lip doanh nghifip mdi (spin-of!) [2, tt.S-I5; 7], 2.2. Kinh nghifm mpt s6 nudc vi th^rc hi^n t^r chii, t^ chiu trdch nhifm cda td chAc khoa hpc vd cdng ngk^ cong ldp
a) Kinh nghifm cda CHLB Due
Tfu CHLB Diie, cic vifin ngtiifin aiu v i triln kfaai diu dupc Nfai nudc (Lien Bang v i Bang) dmig tii trp cho hoat dpng ICH&CN, tiiy tiieo tinb chat aia hoat dpng KH&CN (nghien cim co bin, ngtufin cuu ung dyng,
TriAi fchai cSchittfdiii, ttfchfu trick nhitm...
trien khai thyc ngtufim, djch vy KH&CN; ngtiifin eiiu cdng idt; ngtiifin cim phyc vy c^nh ttanfa) m i dut^c Nfai nudc cap 100% hoic 30 - 40% kinh phi ho9t dpng [4, tt.5-11], ey till li:
Cie vien nghifin aiu eo bin, nghien oiu cdng nghfi nen, cdng nghfi phyc vy cdng ich (djch vy y te, ndng ngtiifip, mdi tiudng, an toin lao dpng), nghien Cliu KHXE^NV dupe Nha nudc dim bao 100% kinh ptii bo^t dpng tfaudng xuyfin. Diy Ii cic vifin ngtiifin cim cd sin phim dau ra khdng cd tinh tfauong mai hoic mtii diing d miic tien thucmg m^, Ichdng cd thj trudng, dupc sii dyng phyc vy cfao cic mye tifiu cdng ich aia Ntii nwic;
Cie vifin ngtiien ciiu iing dyng, nghien eiiu edng nghfi edng nghifip dupe Nha nude cap 30-40% kinh phi bo^t dpng thudng xuyen de thyc tiifin cic nghifin Cliu triln khai ty lya chpn, di trudc tiio ra nhiing sin phim chuin bj cho cic ngtiifin cim theo hpp ddng viii doanh nghifip. Ptub kinh phi cdn l^i (60-70%) ciia cic vifin l o ^ niy phii "ty tiang trii" bing each ky kit eic hpp ddng NC&PT, djch vy 1^ thuit. Theo cac nhi quin ly KH&CN eua CHLB Ehic, nlu ^ i m phin kinh phi Nhi nude cip eho hodt dpng cua vifin lo?u niy xudng 20% thi eic td chiie NC&PT sS ttd thinfa cie vin phdng ky su thuan tiiy, khdng cdn l i td chiic NC&PT;
Cic td cfaiic djefa vy ICH&CN cdng lap thi tiiy theo nhu cau cua thj tmdng, dupc Nfai nu6c cap kfaoing 75% v i yfiu cau ty trang trii khoing 25% kinh pfai faoat dpng [5].
b) Kinh nghifm cda Thdi Lan
Tai Thai Lan, Chinh phu uao quyln ty chii tii chinh cho cic td chiic KH&CN dudi dang pfain bd ngin sich cdng theo co cbl tii ttp ttpn gdi v i cho phfip cic td chiie niy tien hinh cung iing cic djch yy KH&CN dh tao ngudn thu [3]. Kinh phi thu dupc se de lai dau tu cho td chiic KH&CN v i ning miic luong cho cin bp cua td chiic KH&CN. Mpt sd trudng hpp cy tbl nhu sau:
Trung tim (Juan tiie Trii dat (Earth Observation Center) ciia td chiic Phit tiien Cdng nghfi Vu try v i Tin hpc Dja chat ( Geo- Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency - GISTDA) li td chiic bin cflng (half g()vemment), h^ ehii 30% kinh phi tiidng qua bin cae san phim quan u i c cfao cic td cbirc ttong nudc v i qudc te;
Vifin Nghien cim KH&CN Thii Lan (Thailand Institute qf Scientific and Technological Research-TISTR) li doanh nghifip nhi nudc (State Enterprises), ty chii 20-30% kinh phi hi cic hpp ddng nghifin cim, chuyen giao edng nghfi, ky thuit vdi sin xuat. Nhi nudc cap kinh phi cho hoat dpng NC^PT din khau sin xuit thii nghifim (pilot plant), sau dd l i kinh phi ciia doanfa ngtiifip;
JSTPM Tip 4, Sd 1,201S
\^fin Do ludng (Judc gia (National Institute ofKietrology-NIMI) ty chti 10% kinh phi tfa«ig qua faoat d ^ cung iing dicfa vu ky tfauat do ludng,
^nfa cfauan,... Ntii nudc cung cqi 90% kinfa ptii faoat dpng cbn lai.
IL THV'C TifeN CHUYfiN B O I SANG CO CHfi T^T CHU, TV" CHJU TRACH N m p f c&A cAc T 6 CHCC DICH vy KY THUAT CONG TRONG LiNH VU*C TIEU C H U A N - BO L U O N G - C H A T LUpNG 1. Nfaung v i n d l chung ve to chuc dich v(i 1^ thuat cong trong luih v ^ tien chuan - do ludng - chat Itrpug
Trang ITnfa vyc I D C , cac td chiie DVKTC l i cic td cfaiic cd chiic ning, ntiifim vy thyc tiifin cac djch vy 1^ tfauat nfau tfaii n g t i i ^ sin ptiam, tu vin ky tfauat, kiem djnfa ky thuat, tiifiu chuan ky thuat, chiing nfaan sy pfaii fapp, xay dyng eic tifiu chuan, quy chuan, quy dfnh ky thuit,... pfayc vy quin ly Nliinudc.
Hifin nay (nim 2014), cd 04 Trung tam Ky thuat TDC ti\fc thupc Tdng eye
"TOC, gdm Tnmg tim 1 tai H i Npi (TTI), Trung tiim 2 tai D i Ning (TT2), Tmng tim 3 tai Thinh pbd Hd Chi Minh (TT3), Tmng tim 4 tai Die Lie (TT4) v i gin 50 Tmng tim Ky thuat TDC eiia cac tinh, tiiinh phd ttyc tfauOc tnmg uong l i cie td cfaiic DVKTC.
2. Cff sff phap ly chuyen cac to chirc dich vy 1^ thuft cong sang t y chii, t y chju t r i c h nhifm
Cie td chirc DVKTC ban dau hoat dpng theo co che hinh chinh sy ngfaifip.
Trong qui ttinh ddi min eo cbl quin ly, cic td chirc niy dupc md rOng ddi hn^ng phyc vy sang cic doanh ngtufip v i cic thinfa pfaan kfaic trang x i hpi.
Do vay, den nam 2002, cic td chtic niy boat d ^ g theo Ngtij djnb sd 10/2002/ND-CP ngiy 16/01/2002 v l ehi dp tii chinh i p dyng cho don vj sy ngtiifip ed thu, din nim 2005, cic td chirc DVKTC dupc quy (^nh hoat dpng tiieo CO cbl TCTCTN (ND 115, Ngfaj djnh sd 96/2010/ND-CP ngay 20/9/2010 sua ddi, bd sung mpt sd dilu ciia ND 115 v i Nghj djnh sd 80/2007/ND-CP ngiy 19/5/2007 v l doanh nghifip KH&CN)
Npi dung chinfa tai cic vin bin neu ufin quy djnfa vfi- Tu chii xac (finh v i thyc tiifin ntiifim vy KH&CN, Ty chu sin xuit - kinfa doanfa; Ty ehu v l tii ctiinh, tii sin; Ty ehii v l co ciu td chiie v i bifin cbe; Ty ehii v l quan bfi bpp tie qudc tl. ND 115 quy djnfa vi ca cbe TCTCTN tai Kfaoin 1, Dieu 4 cy tfal nhu sau
To chtic ngtiien oiu khoa hpe va phit triln edng nghfi, td chiic djch vy KIUkCN ty dim bio ldnh phi faoat dpng thudng xuyfin dupe lya chpn vific diuyln d « td ehiic va boat dpng theo mpt tttmg hai hinh thiic:
58 Triin khai ca dit ttf dii^ ttfchfu trick nhitm...
+ Td cfaiic KH&CN txf ttang trai kinh pfai (h; ttang ttii 100% kinh i ^ hoat d$ng tfaudng xuyen);
+ Doanh nghifip KH&CN.
To chiic nghien ciiu khoa hpc boat dpng ttpng linh vyc nghifin cuu co bin, n^uiai ciiu ctiiln lupe, etiinh sach phyc vy quin ly nhi nude dupc ngan s i i ^ nfaa nude dim b i o kinh ptu hoat dpng thudng xuyfin thep nhifim vy dtn^c gjao.
3. Ket qua chuyen doi to chiic dicfa vy ky thu$t cong tryc tfau$c Tong cyc Tieu chuin - Do luihig - Chat luyng
3.1. Hinh thuc chuyen dSi
Ngiy 17/01/2007,3$ KH&CN da phfi duyfit D I i n chuyin ddi, i n djnh tiidi gian chuyen ddi eho TTI vio tiling 01/2009, TT2 vio thing 01/2010 v i TT3 vio thing 02/2007 sang cbl dp ty trang trii toin bp kinh phi hoat dpng thudng xuyfin O ^ o i n 1, Dieu 4, ND 115). Trong qui trinh chuyin ddi, TTI dupc Nhi nudc dau tu 1.850 ttifiu VND (nim 2007, 2008), huiSmg uu (fii chuyin ddi sam 910 trifiu VND; TT2 chuyin ddi sang TCTCTN chim hon so vdi Ijch dy kiln vio 2010; TT3 dupc diu tu 320 ty VND ting cudng co sd vat chit (Nha nude 80%, ty cd 20%) chp giai doan 2007-2013. Cie Tmng tim (TT) diu dupc cap giay phfip kinh doanfa ngay sm khi cfauyin sang TCTCTN. Din nay, eic TTI, TT2, TT3 di cfauyin ddi tiiinh cdng sang boat dpng theo ND 115.
3.Z TV chd xdc 0nh nhifm v^
Cac trung tim d i chit dpng ttong vific xic djnh nhifim vy theo hinSmg tiln hinfa cic djch vy ve phan tich, thu nghifim; kiem tra, gjim djnh, chiing nhin; do ludng, tifiu chuin bda ttong doanh nghi|p,
Mot sd kit qui ndi bfit vl tic dyng ciia hoat dOng djch vy ky thuat ttong tinh vyc TDC mang lai hifiu qui kinh t l - x i hpi nhu chdng gian tin tiiuong mai ttong kinh doanfa difin, xing diu; ip thue ddi vdi hing hda nhap khiu nhu tfafip, mudi, dfit may, dd choi,...
Nim 2010, T D dupc Uy ban An ttian Sin phim Hoa ky (CPSC) cdng nhan li to chiic dinh ffk sy phii hcrp vl an toin ddi vifri bing tifiu diing. Cic TTI, TT2 vi TT3 (fopc cie bp nginh chi dSnh li td efairc thii nghifim, chiing nhin hpp quy, 3.3. TV chti vi tdi chinh
Nim 2006, Nhi nude van cdn c ^ kinfa phi boat ddng thudng xuyfin cho TTI l i 1.300 ttifiu VNB, TT2 li 550 ttifiu VND vi TT3 l i 2,300 ttifiu VND.
JSTPMT^4,S61,201S
lit aim 2007 din 2013, cic tmng tam da (faiy tri dtnirc lpi nhuin binh quan trudc ttnie kh&ig thap hon 20% va tim faanfa ttich tap qu^ ]^iit tri^ hoat d ^ g sy ngtufip 30% efa^ih Ifich tfau ctu sau time. Mpt sd ctu tieu cd ting tmdng cao.
Hang nam, cic tnmg tim sii dyng tii kfaoang 28% doanfa thu cfaua thue VAT de trich lip tdng quy luong ciia don vi v i phan ph^ tfau nfaap ting them idioing 3% tiieo quy chi phin ph« luong, tfaudng v i quy che cbi tifiu n$ bp; su dyi% ngurai tii Qi^ phat trial boat d ^ g sy ng^fip (khoing 8- 10% doanh tiiu/nim) de dau tu ^ng cudng tiem lyc ky thuat cua don vj (mua sim trang ttiiet bj, dio tao nfaan lye).
Mpt so faoat dpng tii ettinh ciia cic tmng tim qua eic nam cy the nhu sau:
Nim 2009, cic trung tim cd hoat d ^ g tai chinfa tdt hon nfathig nim tmdc, tiiu nliip aia can tip duqc ning cao, cy tfae tai Bing 1.
Bang I. Kinh phi ngoii ngin sach v i tfau nliip eiia cac tmng tim nim 2009 STT
1 2 3
I t a t n i B g l i B i Tning tSm 1 Tmng t ^ 2 Tning tam 3
Kinh pU tfr afllidn ngwU Dgan sich (bifn VNfi)
39.465 12.172 150.853
Tha ah^p blnh fpilB c i n bf (trifu VN&/Bgriri/tbing)
7,011 3,835 10,387 Nim 2012 v i 2013, kinh phi khdng tiiudng xi^oi ciia TTI vi TT2 cd dien biln ting, trtmg kfai dd TT3 ed xu till gjQ CHI (ftnti, cp tfal xem Bing 2.
Bing 2. Kinh phi khdng thudng xuyfin eiia eac TT nim 2012 v i 2013 STT
1 2 3
TEs trung tim
Tnmgtiml Tninglini2 Tnmg lim 3
Kinh pUlcklngtbitiragnyia (trifn VNB) Nim 2012
16.373 13.942 15.400
Nim2013 19.567 14.225 15.510
3.4. Tf chd vi nhdn Ifc, Id chuc
Cic tnmg tim (K ehii dpng ttong vific tuyfin dyng, sii dyng v i quin ly vien ehiic, td chiic ky kit h(7p ddn^ lao dpng tfaeo quy djnh aia ND 115, chuyen tii die dp bifin chi sang che dp hpp ddng dii han,...
Cic uung tim di chii y phit trien nliin lyc (khoang 80% ntian tyc cd trinh dp dai hpc, sau dai hpc) va de bat hing cbyc linfa dao theo quyen ty ctiii di dupc giao;
60 Tri^ khai at che ttf did, ttfchiu trich nhitm...
Cac trung tim da quyet $nfa thinh lap ntulu don vj d ^ iing yfiu ciu djch vy 1^ thuit aia ttij tmdng (TTI thinh lap Phdng Thj trudng; TT3 thinfa lap ctii nfaanh tai cic tinh xung quanh Thanfa phd Hd Ctii Minh).
3.5. TfT chd vi hpp idc qu6c ti
Cic trung tim da chii dpng md rpng cac hpp tic song phucmg vdi cie nudc tten co sd cie MoU da ky kit. Ky kit hpp tic vdi cic nudc nhu Hin C^dc, Nhat Ban, My, Thai Lan, Trung C^dc, Australia, Diie, Lien bang Nga,...
Cic trung tim da tich eye, cfaii dQng triln khai cic boat d$ng hpp tic Uong Imfa vyc I D C vdi cae td ehiic qude t l nhy ASEAN/ACCSQ; ttong khudn khd ISO, E C , Td chiic Ning suit Chiu A (APO). FTA,..
3.6. Bdnh gid tdng qudt kit qud chuyin doi Nhutig thinh cdng:
Co che ty chii ve xic (!jnh nhifim vy, tai chinh, nhin lyc, td chiic, co sd vit chit, ttang tiiilt bj, hpp tic qudc t l ip dyng tir nim 2007 din nay di day manh boat dpng x3 hdi hda, mang lai hifiu qui boat dpng ticb cyc;
Nguon thu sy ngtiifip ciia cie don vj da ting tmdng qua tung nim (mdi nim khoing 10-15%), npp ngin sich hing nim binh quin khoing 3-12 ty VND (ting khoing 10% hing nim), thu nhip binh quin/tbing/nguiri ting dang kl, vaqt ttfin chyc trifiu VND/ngudi/tfaing (ting khoing 10- 25% bing nim),
Ning cao ning lyc chuyfin mdn eho dpi ngu cin bp, vien chiic; Ning cao vj tbl eiia eic ttung tim trfin tmdng qude t l (TT3 ed lUiieu pbdng thii ngtiifim dupc nude ngoii edng nfaan li phdng thii nghifim chuan);
Tiem lyc eiia cie tmng tam dupc kifin toin ding kl, dap iing yeu ciu quin ly nfai nude v i cie djch vy edng theo yeu ciu eua doanfa nghifip, thj tmdng v i x i hpi.
Nhung kfad khin
Cbua dupe chii dpng sii dyng quy phit triln boat dpng sy ngfaifip, nhit la ttong dio tao ntian lye hoac mua sim ttang ttiilt bj,
Chua dui^fc giao vi kp dyng cie quy i^nh eua ND 115 vl vay v ^ ngin hing, mua sim, tiianh ly tii sin; diu fti, tai sin, cpiin ly hang thilt bj ty cd, Cin bp ciia cic trung tim cbua ed nhan thdc diy du v l vin d l haimg tdi thj tmdng, chua cd tie phong, tu duy ciia kinh t l thj tmdng.
JSTPMT4p4,SS1.201S
Nguyfin nhan tfainh edng:
Uinh (Sao cua cic tiung tim dot naiig dQng va q i ^ tam cao trong vific ctuiyen sang tioat dQo$ tiieo eo cfae TCTCTN; da fdiit huy dipc co che TCIUIN aia ND 115; tao (bATC sy ddog tiiuan cao dia dOi ngu can bp cong (dflie;
Dupc sy ctii dao, quan tim v i tao (£lu kien thuin Ipi ciia Linfa dao B$
KH&CN v i Tong cyc TBC ttong xay dyng pfaucmg in chuyin ddi v i diu tu nang cip eo sd vit chit tao ti^ d l tmdc khi chuyin ddi;
Cie tmng tim deu cd kinh nghifim boat dpng tbeo co cbl ty chii tii etunfa eho don vj sy ngtiifip cd thu tii ktii thyc hifin Nglu ^ n h sd 10/2012/ND-CP v i tii do da tao lap dupc thi trudng tuong ddi dn (finh;
Cie tmng tim da xiy dyng dupe ning lyc ky thuat (co sd vat chit v i dpi ngii ein bp chuyen mdn cd trinh dp tuong ddi phu hop vin yeu ciu ciia ttij tmdng) trudc ktii chuyen ddi sang co cbl TCTCTN;
Thich tiiirc:
Duy tri dupc ning lyc ky thuat dip img yeu ciu eiia ttij tnrdng;
Phin dinh diu tu vdn ciia Nhi nudc v i dau tu tir vdn eiia tnmg tim.
4. Kit q u i chuyin ddi td chirc djch vy ky thuft cong linh vyc tieu chuan - do ItrjTng - chit Itryng tfi dja phuvng
4.L Hinh thuc chuyin ddi
Den tbing 10/2013, 49/63 tinh, tiiinh phd true tfaupc tmng uong d i thinh lip Tmng tim ky thuat TDC. Theo bio cio nim 2013 aia 21 don vj ve tinh hinh thyc hifin ND 115 cho tiiiy eic dja phuong gip nfaieu kfad kfain. Rat it Tnmg tim chuyen dupe theo co chi tu cbii 100% kinh ptii boat dpng thudng xuyen nhu Khoin 1, Dilu 4, ND 115 quy djnh (chi cd 2 don vj da ehuyin v i 3 don vj dang lim Dl in). Trong ktii dd, ed tdi 7 don vj da chuyen theo co chi ty chii mpt phin hoic Nba nude dim bio toin bp kinh phi boat ddng thudng xuyfin (chuyen theo Dieu 9, Ngtij djnh sd 43/2006/ND-CP ngay 25/4/2006 eiia Chinfa phii), 3 don vj da chuyin va 1 don vj dang lim ^e in chuyin theo co ehe Nhi nudc dim bio kinh phi boat dpng tfaudng xuyfin (van dyng quy djnh tai Khoin 3, Dilu 4, ND 115). Nhu vay, phan \im cic td chiic DVKTC ITnh vyc TDC tai dja phuong da khdng chuyin sang co chi TCTCTN nhu quy djnh tai Khoin 1, Dilu 4, ND 115 4.2. J(r chu xdc ^nh nhifm v{i
Din nay, ntiifim vy aia eic Tnmg tam TDC dja phuong van l i do Nfai nudc giao li chii ylu. Nhifim vy ngoii Nha nudc rat kem pbat trifin
Tnin khai at die ttf cha, ttf diiu trddinhitm...
4.3. Tu chu tdi chinh
Tbdng kfi tinh binfa boat dpng tii chinh trong 2 nim (2012 v i 2013) ciia 13 Trung tam cfao tfaay ngudn thu sy nghifip cua cic Tmng tim TDC (!Qa phuong hiu nhu cfaua cd, chii ylu l i ngudn N h i nudc.
4.4. Ttf chu ve nhdn luc, tS ch&c
Cic Trung tim mdi thanh lip va ciing mdi chuyin sang TCTCTN nen cbua trifin khai dupc co cbl T C T ( 3 T N v l nfain lyc, to chiic.
4.5. Tif chd ve ctr s& vpt chat, trang thiet bj
Hiu hit cie Tnmg tam min thinh lap, nfin chua triln khai co ehi TCTCTN v l CO sd vat chat, ttang tiiilt bj. UBND 27 tinh Uong nim 2013-2014 da triln khai cic dy in dau tu co sd vat chat cho cic Trung tam DVKTC ITnh vyc TDC tai (fia phuong vdi tdng kinh ptii l i 813.499 trifiu VND (theo Quyet djnh sd 317/(3D-TTg ngay 15/3/2012 ciia Thii taimg Chinh phii) nhim tao tifin de cho cic ttung tim ktii chuyen sang co cbl TCTCTN.
4.6. Ddnh gid ldng qudt vifc th^ hifn Nghf ^nh 115 tpi ^ phutmg Nhiing thinh cdng:
Cic Trung tim TDC d dia phuong min dupc thinh lap, phyc vy quin ly Nha nudc l i cbii ylu vi da bit diu triln khai cic djch vy k j thuSt TDC phyc vy doanh nghifip va xa hpi d dja phuong hiu nhu kfadng cd ho$c d roiic dp r ^ it;
NhSn thiic ciia dja phuong thiy dupc sy ein thiet chuyin cic tmng tim sang CO che TCTCTN, do viy (H triln khai cic dy i n i^u tti xfiy dyng co sd vat chat, tiang thiet bj tao tiln de cbo cic Trung tim TDC tiing budc ehuyin sang TCTCTN.
Khd khin v i nguyen nfain chua thinh edng:
Cic Tmng tim TDC hiu hit l i don vj mdi thinfa tap, tich ra tir Chi eye, hiy dupc thira budng mpt sd co sd vat chit, ttang ttiiet bj v i kilm djnh vifin nhung ndi ehung ning lye ky tfauat cdn yeu kem so vdi yeu cau;
Quy md kinfa t l - xa bpi d dja phuong nhd bfi, kfim phit triln, dja bin nhd, do vay nhu ciu thj tiudng v l djch vy k j thuat ehua phit triln, din den ngudn tiiu sy nghifip it va vific triln khai theo Khoin 1, Dilu 4, ND
115 khd khan;
Vin ban hudng dan chua ey till v i quy djnh tai Khoin 1, Dilu 4, ND 115 ehua phii hpp vcri thyc t l dja phuong d giai doan hifin nay ciing nhu kinh nghifim quoc tl. Cic Trung tam TDC d dja phucmg do die diem
JSTPM Tip 4, Sd 1,201S 63
ntid t)fi v i thi trudng djch vy I ^ thuat kem phat triln, do vay, ctii cd tbl ty chti mdt i^tin kinh ptii boat dpng thudng xuyen.
Ttiich thiic:
Vific Ur chii 100% kinh ptii faoat dpng thudng xuyen doi vin eic Trung tim TDC ciia dia phuong l i mpt ttiich thiic rat ton,
\^fic c:anh uanh vin cic Trung tim I D C cua tmng uong li rat khdc t i ^ l a CO CHfe CHtNH SACH THUC B A Y T O CHtJ'C B|CH VV K V THUAT C 6 N G TRONG LiNH VUC TifeU C H U A N - BO L U O N G - C H A T LUpNG CHUYfiN SANG CO CHE TV CHU, TV CHJU T R A C H NHIEM 1. Cff chi, chinh sacfa t i i chinh
1.1. BSI vdi cdc to chuc dfch vui l^ thu^ cdng tnfc thupc TSng cifc Tiiu chudn - Bo ludng - Chdt lirpng
Nang cao miic dp ty cbii faon niia cfao cic tmng tim, cy tbl thdng qua cdng tie:
Giao vdn, xic djnh gii tri tiJ sin d l giao cho don vj quin ly theo co chi giao vdn cho doatih ngtiifip; cic tmng tim dupc quyen quylt djnh vific huy ddng vdn, su dyng vdn, tii sin gin vdi ntiifim vy dupc gjao theo quy (finfa de md rpng vific cung cap djch vy sy ngtiifip cdng;
Hudng dan cic trung tim xay dung quy luong v i chi Ua luong, tfau nhap; gop vdn lien doanti, lifin kit, thi chap vay vdn, k l toin cho boat dpng thue tii etiinfa; quyet djnh dau tu phit trien tir quy phit triln boat dpng sy ngtiifip hoic vdn vay ngin hing theo ND 115;
Qay dinh tiln luong, tiln cdng thyc te trong hop ddi^ tao dpng l i cin cii eho ddng eic loai bio tiilm.
1.2. Boi vdi td chuc dfch vu ky thupt cdng vi tieu chudn - do ludng - chdt lupng tpi ^a phuong
Ap dyng co cbl ty chii toin phan, ty cfau mpt phin (Idnfa ngtiifim nude ngoii), ehua tu cfaii ctii hoat dpng thudng xuyfin vdi nfaimg nifin han, miic dp kfaic nhau tmdc khi chuyin sang t\f chii 100% ehi phi boat dpng thudng xuyen;
Tao CO che tai etiinfa xiy dyng va phit triln quy luong, ting tfau nhap cho cin bp, vifin cfaiic; Cho phep cic Trung tim ktii ngudn thu cdn it tiii chua pfaii trich lap quJ phat trifin boat dpng sy ngfaifip;
Dupc vay vdn tir eic ngudn vdn uu dii dfi md rpng pham vi, quy mo dich vy kj thuat TDC.
Triin khai at che ttf ckd, ttfchfu trich nhifm...
2. C o che, chinh sach ve nhan lyc v i td chirc
Zl. B6i vdi cdc td chAc ^ch vfi fty thuat cdng tr^c thupc Tdng c^c Tieu chudn - Bo ludng - Chit lupng
Tilp tuc day manh phan cdng, phan cip, gjao quyln h; chii, ty chju trich ntiifim ve td chiie, bd may va bifin chi; trao quyen day du ve quin ly nhin lye, td cfaiic theo ND115 cho ngudi diing dau Trung tim;
Ddi mdi co che quin ly dpi ngy cin bO, vifin chiie ttiich iing vin vific thyc hifin co cbl ty chu, ty cbju trich nfaifim ciia cac Trung tam, phii hpp vdi cae quy luat ciia nfin kinfa t l tiu tmdng; diy manh triln khai cdng tic dao tao ning cao ning lyc cho cin bp, vifin chiic ciia Trung tam hi ngudn ty cd;
Nghifin aiu, ttii diem chuyfin mpt phan hpae tpan bp td chiie ed doanh thu \im sang doanb ngtiifip, cd pban bda (theo hudng tir chii cao nhu ty ehu cua doanh ngtiifip) .
2.2. Boi vdi td chuc d/ch v(i ky thu^t cdng ve tieu chu^n - So ludng - chdt lupng tpi ^phucmg
Ting cudng hd trp ngudn kinh phi md cic Idp dio tao chuyfin mdn, nghifip vy de trien khai cdng tic d dja phuong dim b i o tifiu chuin, chiic danh, ning lyc va trinh d$ chuyfin mdn;
Phin cdng, phin cip, trao quyln quylt djnb v l nhin sy nhu bien che, fapp ddng, cu ein bp di cflng tie, hpc tip d nudc ngoii,... cho cic td chiie DVKTC ve TDC d dja phuong tiieo tinh tiiin ND 115.
3. Cff chi, chinfa sach ve cff sd v i t chit, thilt h\ thir nghifm 3.1. Boi vdi cdc td chuc BVKTC t^rc thupc Tong c^c TBC
Ban binh vin bin hudng dan v l quyln quin ly tii sin, v l giao quyen chii dpng mua sim tii sin cd djnh ttong cie tmng tim;
Cbo phfip cic tmng tim dupc quyln qayk djnh diu tu phit triln tii quy phit tiiln hoat dpng sy ngfaifip hoic von vay ngin hing theo quy (finh cua ND 115 pChoin 4e, Dilu 5); thyc hifin dau thau mua sim thilt bj thu nghifim; quyet djnh thanh ly, chuyin nhupng tii sin do don vj mua sim tir ngudn von ty cd tfaeo Kfaoin 3, Dieu 9, ciia ND 115.
3.2. B6i vdi tdch&c DVKTC vi TBC tpi ^phuang
Bp KH&CN, Tdng cyc TDC cin tilp tiic fad ttp ting cudng tiem lyc v l ttiiet bi tbii ngtiifim thdng qua cie dy in vl diu tti co sd vit chit, trang
JSTPMTip4,Sdl,201S
thilt bj; budng dan vific ning cao quyen tir cfau trcmg mua sim, six dyng, ttianfa ly tii sin dupc Nlia nudc d ^ tu v i ty cd ciia don vi;
UBND ^ a pfauong diy manfa trien kfaai Dfi in nang cao ning lyc eiia eic Tnmg tim k^ tfauat IDC tfauOe tinti, thanh phd tiyc tfaupc trung uong (Quyet djnb sd 317/(JD-TTg ngay 15/3/2012 ciia Tbii ttrcmg Chinh phu), 4. Cff che, chinh sach hyp tac, h^i nhap quoc te, xuc tien thi trirdng 4.1. Boi vdi hopt dpng hpp tdc, hpi nhpp quoc te
Bp KH&CN, Bp Cdng an thyc tiifin quy ifinh tai diem b, Khoan 4, Dieu 5, ND 115 v l vific giao quyen eho giam ddc c:ae td ehiic DVKTC dupc
"Tryc tiep quyet dinh vific mdi chuyfin ^ a , eic nha khoa h(>c nudc ngoii vio Vifit Nam v i eii cin bp ra nudc ngoai cdng tie",
Diy manh vific tham gia cic hpi thio, hpi n ^ , cic Icrp tap huin ve chuyen mdn v i eic h(:rp tic song phuong v i qudc tfi v l IDC 4.2. Gidiph^ ndng cao tu chu trong hopt dpng xuc tien thi trudng
Cie tnmg tim can ehii dpng ning cao cfait lupng djch vy, xay dyng vin hda djnh fauiTng vao khich hing cho dpi ngu can bp, vien chirc, Ning cao tinh cfaii ddng, ky ning tilp ttij, xiic tien ttii trudng cho ein bp, vifin chiic ciia cae Tnmg tim
K£TLUAN
1 Kinfa nghifim ciia cae nudc cho thiy cic td chiic NC&PT, djch vy KH&CN cdng lip cdng ich dupc ip dyng md binh ty chii, ty chju trich nhifim mpt phin kinfa pfai boat dpng thudng xuyfin (mirc dp nfailu fapie it tiiy theo tinb chit nginh nghfi, nbu cau eiia thj tmdng); NIU cic td chiic NC&PT phii ty chii 80-100% kinh pbi boat dpng thudng xuyfin thi boat dpng NC&PT se bj thu gpn v i td chiie dd khong cdn li td chiic NC&PT theo dling nghTa;
2. Co che ciia ND 115 vl ty chii 100% kinfa phi boat dpng thudng xuyfin ip dyng cbo TTI, TT2, TT3 da dupc triln kfaai tiiinh cdng va mang lai ket qui tich cyc cho cac Tmng tim nay, cy tbl l i ngudn tbu sy ngtiifip, thue npp cho Nhi nudc, thu nhap cua can bp.. ngay cing Xim, nim sau cap hon nam tmdc;
3. Vific chuyen ddi cic Tmng tim ky thuat TDC tai dia phucmg sang co ehi TCTCTN tiieo ND 115 (Khoin I. EHIU 4) gip nhilu khd khin. Nguyen nhin la do ning lyc ky thuat aia cic Tmng tim nay chua dii manh, nhu cau \ e djch vy ky thuat tai ntiifiu ifia phuong chua phit triln; phyc vy quin ty nlii nudc la chii yfiu. Do vay, da phin cic Tmng tim chuyen ddi
66 Triin khai at d\i ttf chi^ ttf chiu trick n h i ^ . . .
dieo Dilu 9, Nghi djnfa sd 43/2006/ND-CP (Nhi nudc dim b i o kinh phi faoat dpng tfaudng xuyen);
4. Kiln n ^ Nlii nude siia ddi, bd sung Khoin 1, Dieu4, ND 115 theo faudng cic td chiic n g ^ a i eiiu kfaoa hpc v i ptiit trien cdng nghfi, td dntc dich vy KH&Cn^ dupe cfauyin sang co cbe bf chu m$t phin kinh phi din toan bd kinh phi boat d ^ g tiiudng xuyen (tiiy thupc loai hinh boat d ^ g KH&CN, miic dp pbat triln cua ttii tmdng v i miic dp ty cbii eiia eic td churc niy);
5. Nhi nudc cd chinh sich diu tu, fad trp ting cudng tilm luc eho cae td chiic DVKTC a i a dia pfauong va eic ehinh sich phit trien thj trudng dich vy ky thuat tao dilu kifin thuin Ipi cho cic to chiic DVKTC cd dupc ngudn thy ngiy cing tang hi vific cung iing djch vy k^ thuat phyc vy ttij tmdng, doanh ngtiifip nhim nhanh chdng chuyin sang hoat dpng tbeo CO cbl TCTCTN mpt phin v i tiln tdi toin phan kinh phi hoat dpng thudng xuyen theo ND 115./.
T A I L i e u THAM K H A O Tiing V i ^ :
1 H o ^ Xuin Loii|. (2002) Nghiin aiu ludn cit khoa hQC cho vi^c xdy dtfng cdc ca chi. chinh sdch vSvdnditif chii, tif chiu ti-dch nhi^m dia cdc Id chiic NCPT. E>l tii cip BQ KH&CN. Vi?n Chiln Iin?c v^ Chinh sich KH&CN.
2, DJng Eliiy Thinh (2006) Tdng cudng cdc liSn kit vd dSi m&i cdu tiiic l6 chuc nhdm nhdt the hda nghiin aiu vd ti-ien khai vdi sdn xudt cdng nghifp. Noi san Nghi&i ciiu Chinh sich KH&CN. s l 12, U,5-15.
1 DJng Du> Thinh (2007) Kinh nghiim ciia Thdi Lan ti-ong qudn ly tdt chlnh lgi cdc td chuc KH&CN. Bio cao kfaoa hoc. Vien Chiln Iirflfc v4 CUnh sich K H & C : N . 4 D Jng Du>' Thjnh. (2007) Bdn vi ca chi chuyin t6 chuc KH&CN tiidnh t6 chdc tif chii
Hf chiu ti-dch nhifm nhdm gdn kit khoa hqc vdi sdn xudt N$i san Nghien cuu Chinh sich KH&CN, so 14, tr,5-ll.
5 Pham Quang Tri, (2007) Nghiin ciru s^phdt ti-iin cua 16 chtic Rt&D d mdt s6 nudc cd chgn he vd I'lfl Nam. De tii cap ca s6. Vi^n Chiln li^rc v i CUnh s ^ h KH&(>I, 6 Ngujdn VO. (2014) Nghiin cuu gidi phdp ndng cao hifu qud hogt ddng ciia cdc l6
chitc dich vu kp Ihudl cdng Irong ttnh vifc liiu chudn do ludng chdl lugng (TDC) theo ca che tif chii. ttf chiu ti-dch nhifm. Luin vSn cao hoc, Vi^n Chiln lupc v4 Chinh sich KH&CN
Ti&igAnh.Bm::
7 Felderer, B. and C a n ^ U , David F.J. (1994) Forschungsfinamierung in Eruopa - Trends - Modelle Empfehlung jiier Oestereich. Manzsche Verlags-un(]
Universitaetsbuchhandlung. Wien.
Martin Bell, R. (1993) Inlergrating R&D with mdusti-ial production and technical change: strengthening linkages and changing stivclures. Workshop on Intcrgralion of Science and Technology m the Development Planning and Management Process in the ESCWA Region. Anunan, p.27-30 September 1993,
