PHAM THI THUY - BUI TH.4NH TRUYEN Trudng Dai hgc Suphgm - Dai hgc Hue Tom tat: Vdi mot cupc ddi nhiiu da doan, mpt uai tim diy nhay cam vdi coi ddi, cai ngudi cimg dam me song vi viit din tin cimg, Doan Le da tao dupc mpi vj tiii, phong each rieng trong dcri sdng van hpc Viet Nam thdi doi mdi. Do cung la nhimg yiu tinh tao nen chit tu truyen dim dac Uong truyen ngin va tiiu thuyit ciia nha van va ciing Ii mpt nhan to quan trpng khang dinh su dan chii, nhan bin, each tan ciia van xuoi ducmg d^i.
I.DATVANDfe
Ty truyen (tiing Anh: autobiography, tieng Phip: autobiographic) la mdt the loai van hgc Uong dd "tdc gid tir ki vd mieu td cugc d&i ciia bdn thdn minh" [6, tr. 375]. Ban thin thuat ngir "autobiognqiby" da bam chiia sy ket hpp ba yeu td uong mgt the Ioai:
auto: ty, bio: cupc ddi, graphy: viet. Nhin vai chinh ciia ty truyen chinh la tic gia.
Ngudi ke chuyen thudng triing vdi tic gia va vdi nhin vit chinh. Day la nhung sang tao nghe thuat "ldm cho qud khir ldi sinh". Nha vi.n viet ty trayen nhu dugc "song tgi mgt ldn naa dogn d&i da qua aia minh" [7, tr. 265]. Thudng tap trung vao qua trinh hinh thanh va lich su thi gidi ngi tira cua ngudi viit trong su tuong tic ciia nd vdi the gidi ben ngoai, vi thi, vdi the loai nay, tinh chit ty bach, ty thii. ty van... dugc diy tdi ban;
d dd, tic gii giii vai trd ludng tri: vira la "bj cao" vira la "quan tda" de phan xet, md xe chinh minh. Tuy nhien, do do lui thdi gian cimg vdi sy can thiep tryc tiip, cd dung v cua cii "tdi" tie gia, hinh inh cudc sdng ciia tie gii uong ty trayen cd dp lech nhit djnh vdi cudc ddi that ciia nhi vin. Chinh sy each biet giira tiidi gian viit va thdi gian dugc ndi tdi da ngan trd viec ngudi viet nhin Iai cugc ddi ciia bin than minh nhu mpt chinh the duy nhit. C tu truyen, cac sy kien tieu su, ddi tu eiia nha van chi ddng vai trd ca sd ciia sang tao ngh^ thi4t, la chit lieu Men thuc dupc tic gia sir dung vdi nd luc tiip can trang thii tinb thin thdi dai ciing nhu hien thyc vi ti cua tam hdn con ngudi.
Vdi die uung va chiic ning nhu the, ty truyen Ii mdt thi loai van hpc rdng md, cd thi bao gdm nhihig ki ni?m. nhit ki, idiung tinyen ngin, tiiu thuyit... cd ngudn gdc tii cudc ddi tic gia, cd the bao quit hau het cac phuang dien ciia ddi sdng: ddi tu, thi su, sii thi ddng tiidi cd sy "cam irag" kha rd vdi hien thyc xa hpi. Mdt khi "khi hiu" chinh til, vin hda tiiuan lpi cho \iec bdc lp quan diem, nhan thuc, tinh cam ca nhan cua ngh? sT, tu Uuyen se cd nhieu co hgi de chiing td uu tiii ciia minh. Day la U do khiin nr truyen tiifi hien rd tinh khi biin uong qui trinh phit uiin. Diiu do cd tiii nhan tiiiy khi rd Uong van xudi Viet Nam tiidi ddi mdi - mdt giai doan budc ngoat bdi cic vin dh \k dao dire, y tiiirc ci nhin, ve cupc sdng... ud tiianh chu di ndi bat dugc cac nha van quan tam.
Nhu ciu bdc lg tu tiidng, tinb cim, sy uii nghiem, kham phi bin tiiin... di vao vin hpc nhu mdt ludng khdng khi mdi vi ngiy cing dim net Su bimg nd cimg siic hiit tiiim nu cua ty Uuyen dugc minh chiing bang hing loat trayen dii, tiiu tiiuyit cd tiing vang nhit Tap chi Khoa hoc \a Giao due. Tnrong Dai hoc Su pham Hui
ISSN 1859-1612.S602{22K2012tr.58-64
TINH TU' TRUYEN TRONG V A N XUOI DOAN LE
dinh: Thugng di thi cu&i (Nguyin Khii), Mdt minh mdt ngua (Ma Vin Khing), Gia dinh be mgn (Da Ngan), Chuyen ki ndm 2000 (Bui Ngpc Tin), Miin tha du (Vu Thu Hien), Tudi tha im lang (Duy Khan), Khuc ddng dao ldm lap (Kao Son), Du&ng vi vai me C/iif (ViHdng)... Hda trong xu thi khai thic cii tdi ban thi dd, nhtmg trang van ciia Doan Le ciing tao dupe diu an, vi the rieng bdi nhieu va dap, dan ddt vdi cdi minh. coi ngudi.
2. BIEU Hl£N CO BAN CUA TINH TU" TRUYEN TRONG VAN XUOI DOAN LE 2.1. Cuoc ddi "da doan" ciia chinh ngiroi viit qua the gidi nhan vat nu
Tic phim cua Doin Le khdng lim ngudi dgc "choang" vi khdng gian ngdt ngat, chit h^p v i triin mien trong tim tudng nhu Pham Thi Hoii, khdng tao sy hip din d tmh hudng la qua gipng dieu "timg tiing" nhu Phan Thi Vang Anh. Tren nhiing trang viit, Doan Le di thi hien chan thyc nhit cii tdi cim xiic ciia chinh minh. Nhihig he luy ddi rieng di dugc chi v^n dung mdt cieh kheo leo trong van chuang va dang sau dd li ci nhiing ndi dau im i cua ngudi phy nir. Dd la cudc sdng cua Md trong Cudn gia phd di Igi, cua Chin trong Tiin dinh, ciia nhan vat tdi trong Giu&ng ddi xdm Chita, ciia ngudi me trong M^ vd con vd thdnh thdn...
Van xudi Doan Le tap trang lam ndi bat cupc ddi cua nhihig ngudi phy n& vdi nhung sd phan, cinh ddi eo le, nghiSt nga. Trong Cudn gia phd di lgi, khdi diu cho mpi miu thuin cua ddng hg Trin li bdi hg cd mdt dng cu td danh nhin. Dam con chiu xich mich, kien tyng gianh phin tiid ciing cu td. Nhihig xung ddt dim miu ludn cd khi ning biing nd vi gianh nha thd, vi chuyen phi trudng lap thii... Tit ca tai uong ap din cai gia dinh b6 nhd Ty - Mo. Ngudi vg, ngutri me ciia hai diia con tho ludn d Uong tim trang phip phdng lo sg cii tai hga khiing khiep, chet ngudi se giang xudng mii im cua chi. Tir mdt phu nii diu dang, dim thim, nhinig biin cd ciia gia dinh khien chj trd nen ciing cdi, day bin ITnh, siu nam rdng "thdn kinh ludn a trong trang thdi cdng thang. phdi linh todn, phdi chdng trd cdc phdi mat trdn cda dam hg hdng". Vi su yen dn trong cii gia dinh nhd be, chj "sdn sdng biin thdnh con gd mdi gid ddo di" [2, U. 167].
Trudc bi kjch ciia cudc ddi, ngudi phu nii khdng he nhan nhuc, cam chiu ma khdng ngimg chdng tra tim dudng muu sinh, tim le sdng. Nhung hanh phiic diu phai ludn mim cudi vdi nhiing ngudi cd nghi lyc, tim long. Ddn dau, xa xdt nhit vdi hp li sy dd vd cua mdt gia dinh ma mmh da diy cdng dyng xiy. Sau hai muoi tam nam chung sdng, ngudi phu nO trong Giu&ng ddi .xom Chiia da phai rdi bd cii td am di cimg chi vugt qua bao sdng gid ciia cudc ddi khi mpt sy thit phu phang dugc ngudi chdng tuyen bd: "Em the tdt cho anh. Em thudc con ngu&i ciia nhiing hogt dgng xa hdi. Anh lgi cdn mgt tinh yeu tdm thu&ng thdi, mgt nguai di ldm vg anh theo nghta thdng ttic nhdf [1, U. 41].
Mdt ddi di tim hanh phiic, tim mpt bin bd binh yen, nhirng tudng sg dupc sdng nhihig nim thing xiing ding vdi nhijng gi minh d i thiet tha vun dip. Viy mi, dieu cudi ciing chi nhan dupc la sy phin bdi, phai ddi di?n vdi sy trdng rdng, cd don. Nga ngac, bat lyc trudc dinh m?nh, chi ban khoan khdng biit "khodng thai gian hgnh phuc it oi minh dd trdi qua Id cd that hay ciing chi Id con sd do trin mgt qudn xiic xdc" [1, tr. 43].
2.2. Cai toi giau nir tinb duoc nhin bang "con mat ndi quan '
Gidng nhu cic nha vin duong dai, ttnyen cua Doan Le cung sii dyng ngdi ke tiiu nhit, nhan vit true tiip xung "tdi" ki chuyen lien quan din cudc dixi minh, manh daii bdc lg nhiing suy nghT xdt tiiuong cbo nhirag than phin phu nii, phin khang nhiing le ldi cd hii it nhiiu da inh hudng tdi cudc sdng ciia nhi van: "Ba chuc ndm sau me chiiu y chong dgi li di hdi vg le cho dng... Nhu ihi me dang mang trdi tim minh di lai ncri hiin te cho thdi tuc, dm thdm nhdn nhuc". Nhan vat ngudi ki chuygn da khdng kun ndi su bit binh, ldng xdt xa tiiuong cim: "Me ai, ca sao me cam ldm hgt cam ngudi, cdi hgt cam hdm hiu khiin tim con budt nhdi sudt mgt d&i. khi con nghtvi me?" (Giircmg ddi xdm Chita).
Nhirng hii tuc mang than - phan - dan - b i dugc khoic cho khdng it mi tir, nao la
"trayin thdng", nio la "nr hao" di ngudi phy nii phii ludn gdng minh len ginh chiu:
"Me tdi gda chdng tir nam ba muai bdy tudi, nay da gdn tdm mucri. Cugc dai bd cimg nhu sinh ra di gdn vdo cdi nhd thd ndy. tircmg tu mdt mdnh hoa vdn gdn vdo ddu hdi, mdt cdy cdt dd hay mdt vien gach gdn tren be tha" [2, tr. 22]. Chinh cai tdi ty thuat da giiip nhin vat manb dan the hien cam xiic, sy trdi day eiia y thiic ca nhan ve vai tro, quyen lpi ciia con ngudi trong cudc ddi: "Tgi sao vd ly thi? Tgi sao cdi gia dinh be nhd cua tdi vdt vd vdy? Tgi sao ddm ngu&i kia hdm ha nhdo nhdo chung quanh ngdi td tir nhd tdi vgy? Cd phi cugc d&i vdo nhirng dm muu, vdo nhirng thu hgn? Cd huyet thdn kinh ndo di chdm cuu cho nguai ta tinh ra khdng?" [2, tr. 285].
Di qua biet bao khiic quanh ciia cudc ddi, cdn ndi dau ddn nao ban la sy chia lia cua tinh miu tu. Me vd con vd thdnh thdn la ci mdt the gidi cam xiic, la nhihig ldi tam su chin thanh nhit giiia me va con ma binh thudng, khi cdn tdn tai tren duang the, giiia hp chua chic di cd mot cudc ddi thoai trai ldng nhu th6. Diy la nhiing ldi "gan mot"
nhung cOng diy tan nhin, chat chua ciia diia con trai yen menh: "Con ndi diiu ndy cd thi khdng ai tin. Nhimg sdng giUa mgt gia dinh ludn biing nd nhirng nguy ca ddi ngheo ng ndn, tan v&. nhu gia dinh minh, con cdm thdy cudc d&i that bdp benh vo nghta...
Con chdn ldm nhirng bira rugu nhdm chudi xanh bd me tiip bgn. nhirng ong nhd tha khueeh khodc. dn chgc udng ga, cao gigng chiri dai. Lieu da bao gia bd me dOng ne ra di nhin minh chua?". Va diy la Idi "tu thix" din quan ldng cua ngudi me mang nhiiu mac cam tpi ldi: "Tgi sao ngdy dy me khdng dua con di theo u? Me khdng thi Idm thi...
Mgt ngtr&i ddn bd ndm mirai ba tudi, binh tdt, mgt dong trong tui khdng cd, ra di vdi ndi dau d&n bi lira ggt, lieu me co ddm tha ldi ba nhdn mgng theo minh vdo ddng d&i trdi ndi bdp benh tru&c mdt khdng? Khdng, khdng mgt ngu&i me ndo ddm liiu vgy. Niu con cho day Id mgt tinh todn sai ldm, con hdy tha tgi cho me" [A, tr. 294, 297, 298].
Tnrdc sy ra di vTnh viin cua diia con, ti-ong ldng ngudi me la ca niim dau, noi xdt xa, sy bit Iyc uudc sd phan nghiet nga. Timg ngay Q-di qua, ngudi me phii chimg kiin "cai chet trang" dang dan "keo mdt" dira con tt-ai than yeu duy nhit ra khdi vdng tay cua minh. Khdng ne ttinh, nhin vat ngudi me - nha van da giai bay nhihig gi sau km nhit vdl diia con trai da chet do nghien ngip.
Gigng dieu xdt xa ludn siu vao tiii gidi ndi tam, vao sd phin nhan vat Thdng qua ldi tam sy cua me vi con, nha van da lot ta nhiing cung bac tmh cim cua con ngudi. Doan
TINH TU TRUYEN TRONG V A N XUOI DOAN LE
Le gilip ddc gia nhin ra dupc dang sau bi kicb cua cudc sdng gia dinh, ngudi phai ganh chiu hiu qui ning ni nhit la nhirng diia con. Viit nhu dh giai bay, nhu mdt hinh thiic xoa dju nhiing mat mat, dau thuang ciia cudc ddi, Me vd con vd thdnh thdn da gpi dupc su ddng cam sau sic nai ngudi dpc.
2.3. Tieu thuyet t u thuat - no luc hien dai hda t u truyfn ciia vSn suoi Doan Le Theo Tir dien Wikipedia, tieu thuyit tu thuit (cdn gpi la tiiu thuyit tu tmyen - autobiographical novel) l i "dang tiiu thuyit sir dung kT thuit hu ciu (autofiction techniques) hay sy kit hgp ciia ty thuit vi nhiJng yiu td hu ciu" [8, ti-.l 14]. 6 day, yeu ciu "khdng dugc phep hu ciu" khdng cdn l i quy tic bat bien. Ngudi viet dung cdng tieu thuyet hda ciu chuyen ddi minh, nhao nan, sip xep lai nhirng chi tiet tieu sii ca nhan, gian cich giiia thdi gian viet tmyen vi thdi gian diln ra trong truyen... de kien tao mgt cdng trinh nghd thuit bing ngdn tir dich thyc.
Nim 2009, Doan Le khuiy dgng van din bdi mdt tieu thuyet cd tinh chat ty trayen - hu ciu: Tiin dinh. Thdng qua hinh thuc tieu thuyet hda cau chuyen ve nhin vit Chin, nhi vin da tai hien chan thyc, sinh dpng thin phan ngudi phy nii trii qua nhung thing trim cua lich su vdi nhihig bi kich eiia sd phan. Trii dai cudn tieu thuyet la sy lien tudng ciia cd Chin ve cudc ddi minh: trdn nha len Ha Npi theo hpc tradng Dien anh, cudc hdn nhin khdng trpn ven, nhiing hdi irc vi nhihig ngudi thin uong gia dinh (bi ngoai, me, cac chi...), v6 mdi tinh diu, ve bic Ngpc, v& ca nao thai kinh hoing, v€ cudc sdng nh&ng nim chiin tranh... Tat ca Men len khdng theo thdi gian tuyin tinh ma qua hdi tudng rdi rim ciia nhan vat. Bang each iy, ngudi viet da phac hga lai dudng ddi ciia Chin, he md dan bi mit trong cudc ddi chi. Nhd cich dinh Uao ngdi ke, dinh trio diem nhin, cupc ddi, sd phin nhin vit trang tam cua tiiu thuyit tid thanh biic chin dung tu hpa cua nhi vin, Xau chudi tir cai ten den nhiing manh ghep rdi rac trong cudc ddi nhin vit, ngudi dpc se thay dupc phan nao chan inh ciia tic gia. Tren cai nen cua bu ciu, ngudi viet da manh dan giii biy, thd Id nhihig gi rieng tu, thim kin nhit ciia minh ma khdng rut re, e ngai.
Khdng dan thuan li "chuyen ddi ty ke" theo kieu tan man, cim tinh, nhihig yeu td tu trayfn dugc Doan Le dua vao tac pham mdt each cd he thdng, cd y nghTa trong sy hinh thanh nhin each nhin vat. Chin la mgt cd gii tii sac lai sdm song cudc ddi "day gidng bao". Cd le nhung thing tt^im than phin bit diu khi Chin liiu ITnh rdi bd cugc sdng em dim ciia tudi hoa nien trdn len Ha Npi hpc Dien inh. Budc chin ra khdi gia dinh, cd Chin nhiit nhat, ngiy tho da sdm ddi mat vdi nhieu song gid: ket hdn bi mat, tii bd nghe dien vien, hai lin sinh con, bi chdng phin bpi... Con ngudi iy sin sang hi smh tit c i nhihig khit vgng, udc mo di lo cho chdng con nhung Idng kieu hinh cua ngudi dan ba khdng cho phep nang tha thii cho su phan bdi. Nang dera con vl Hai Phdng giii ngudi than rdi lao vao hgc ve say sua hdng trdn tranh cai thyc t^i dau ddn. Din vdi cudc tinh thir hai, nghT rang tim dupc tinh yen dich thuc cua ddi minh, nang tin tudng, sdng bet minh cho tmh yeu bdi dd la "ldn ddu tien ndng biit su rung ddng mdnh Hit khi hai tdm hdn iru ngy trong nhau. khi hai thdn the hda ldn ldm mdt, chir khdng phdi trong nhiing gidc ma bi dn". Tham chi nang "sdn sdng tu vi dgo. sdn sdng chet cho tinh yeu dy" [3,
ir. 100]. Ca nao thai kinh hoang khien nang suyt mat mang la mdt trong nhimg bang chiing xac tin diiu dd. Y chi, nghi lyc da giiip ngudi phu nii niy vugt qua tit ci nhiJng ldi miet thj cua ddng nghiep, su trii dip ciia lanh dao co quan: "Nhdt dinh khdng chiu guc ngd, khdng chiu thua cudc d&i mdt cdch nhye nha... Binh tfnh ga rdi Chin ai. Dii sao minh vdn cdn cd Hda ben cgnh md". Tin tudng vao tinh yen la the nhung ket qui nhan dugc chi la ao vgng, la su dd vd trong hanh phiic, hdn nhin. Nha vin da khdng de cho nhin vit tryc tiep len tieng ndi ve ndi bat hanh ciia cugc ddi minh mi thdng qua cii nhin ciia mgt nhan vit khic: "Cd dy tgi tinh gi md di tr&i ddy dga khdn khd thi? Chin ai. em chit mdt thdi! Nhirng thdng dan dng kiiu ndy kieu khdc da giet em, em biit khdng? Em chdng cd mgt mdu vw khi di lu vi, chi biit dem thdn xdc minh tra gid cho su dgi dgt"; "Cd hai thdng ddn dng din v&i cugc d&i ndng diu chi biet chiim dung, khdng hi biit thuang xdt Hu, thuang xdt dd chd thi ndy! Vd anh. chinh anh cung giup dugc gi chg ndng" [3, tr. 115]. Chinh sy Uao diem nhin nhu viy vira dim bao sy tinb tio, khach quan cho ciu chuyen vira de cho nhin vit tu do giai bay nhirng y nghT thim kin cua minh. Hai lan bi tdn thuang, Chin khdng mong dgi se cd mpt tinh yeu vien man. Vdi nang, y nghTa cugc sdng gid day la phai vupt qua khd khan thudng nhit, hoin thinh trich nhiem ciia ngudi me ddi vdi hai diia con tha, thuc hien lai udc mo, hoai bao theo dudi nghe thuat ciia minh ciia minh.
Bing gigng dieu tudng nhu tiian nhien nhung ding sau dd la c i sy chua xdt cho so kiip con ngudi, qua hdi iic ciia Chin, ddc gia cdn thiy bi kich cua ca thi tiii he phu nu ti-ong gia dinh cd Bi ngoai cd ciu con ti-ai duy nhit di bd ddi chit tir hdi chdng Phip. Bi Io ring sau khi chit, khdng ai ciing gid se lam vao canh "vit vudng kiim chao la da ben dudng". Bi kjch ay nhu mpt diep khiic, mpt ndi im inh cd tinh chit "td tdng truyin".
Vp cu Cbi Lan - me Chin, khi dm ning da than vdi con: "Con nhin xem, chdn v&i cdng... Rdi chgy cu&p miing chdo Id da cUng khd.f". Mp Dinh mdn mdi vdi mdi ddi thanh xuan chd chdng cho din ldu nhim mit. Em Mudi sdng khic khd nhu mdt tu sT khi ngudi yeu qua ddi. Em Tiic chay theo tiing gpi cua tinh yeu di rdi chit d xii ngudi... Nhthig bat h^nh, dau thuang cua cupc ddi mai deo ding khdng budng tiia cho hp, khien nha van phii thdt len: "Trai sao bdt tgi ve dep cu phdi ldm cat bui?". Thiu hieu vi day long tiic in, Doin Le da khong ngin ngai ciii xudng nhthig ti-ang vin cua minh de phoi bay, lot tt-in bi kjch ciia mdt ddi ngudi. Gam mau budn trong biic Uanh cugc sdng ay cd tiie Ii do vd tinh mi con ngudi trd tiianh vd cam ttudc cudc sdng v i sd phin ciia hg. Khdng cd nhieu dot pha, each tan vi phong cich nhung Tiin dinh hip din bdi loi ke chuyen nhan nha. Bang hinh tinic do, tic gia din din le Id nhOng bi in ldi cuon nguoi dpc lin tun, kham phi nhihig sy kifn, biin cd, tiling u i m xiy din trong cugc doi nhan vat. Xuyen sudt cic chuang trayen li su dan xen hien tai - qua khii qua hoi tucmg cua Chin, de di den cai ket thiic nhu la "tiin dinh": "Biit ddu cdi sd minh dd dmh rang nhirng ngu&i ddn bd trong gia dinh ndng khdng ai cd hanh phuc that su'" [3, tr. 2 0 9 ] . ' '^ . - L >
Cirng vai nhimg cMt lieu thirc, nhOng ySu t6 chap chem hu ao cung duac Doan Le dua vao tac pham. Do la cau chuyen ve hon da ma, v6 linh hdn cua co be Cam lin khuit dau do hien ve vai diep khuc "Con keo het, con chai nhe!" Su xuit hien rdi ra di vinh viin
TINH TU TRUYEN TRONG VAN XUOI DOAN LE
cua dua tre vdi bai hit nhu ldi ddng dao i y khien Chin khdng sao hieu dugc: "Cd phdi tudi tha trdng trong vira hiin vi, vdy tay chdo vinh biel cd? Hay mgt linh hon vira r&i bd nai tru ngu dd bi ldm ui tgp?" [3, tr. 98]. Dd cdn la cudc tim kiem bet siic li ki bp hii cdt cua nguai cau mdt hi Phap giit theo Idi chi din cua nha ngoai cam, l i anh mat nghiem nghi ciia ngudi vg da hi sinh ttong chien tranh ciia anh nha bao - ngudi yeu Chin, cai chet bit ngd ciia nhan \ at tnmg tim... Tat ca nhthig chi tiit thuc ao dan xen da lam cho nhin vat vdi nhi van vira cd net trimg khit nhimg ddng thdi cflng cd nhiing net khac biet. Dieu dd lam cho cudn tieu thuyet ciia Doan Le khdng don thuin la ty tn^en nhu chinh nhi vin timg tam sy: "Cd nguai da dgc tdc phdm cua toi vd ndi: Tien dinh Id mdt cdu chuyen hu cdu md a dd, nhdn vdt Chin Id hien thdn phdn ndo con nguai cda tdi. Cdn v&i tdi, tdi khdng ldy cu thi nguyen mdu Id ai vd a ddu. Bdn than toi Id mot ngirai cd cudc sang tu nhgn la khd trudn chuyen, dd chinh la "chdt lieu" de viet. Id ngudn cdm hirng vd vdn kiin thirc di tdi hodn thdnh tdc phdm" [5].
3. KET LUAN
Ddi mdi ve pbong each la mong mudn khdng ngirng ciia ngudi cim biit. Tu tmyen la mpt trong nhiing xu hudng tich cue v i giau tinh nhin vin dugc cic tic gia van xudi Viet Nam lya chgn nhim hien dai hda cic phuang thiic bieu hien, tu duy nghe thuat nhung nim diu the ky XXI. Doan Le, vdi nhu cau giai biy, cam thdng va chia se nhihig bi i n cua ddi sdng ci nhin qua khuynh hudng ty trayen, it nhieu da tao nen su ddng cam sau xa noi ngudi dgc bdi d do dudng nhu khdng chi la sd phin, cudc ddi ciia rieng nha vin ma cdn la tan bi kich chung cua nhiing minh ddi bat hanh. Tir nhihig thing trim, va dap cua mgt c i nhan cu the, ddc gia da cd ca hdi than cam phin nao guong mat cupc sdng, con ngudi thdi kinh te tbi trudng hdm nay. Cimg vdi nhieu tie gia kbac, nhiing sang tic giau tinh ty trayen ciia Doan Le cho thiy su chuyen ddi theo chieu hudng nhin ban cua van xudi ddi mdi ma hat nhan tao nen sy thay ddi dd t i nhin thirc mdi ve gia tri c i nhan - cdng ddng, \ e hien thyc va hu cau trong sing tao, su nghiem tiic trong trd choi nghe thuat... cua nha van.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[] ] Doan Le (1999). Nghia dia xdm Chiia. NXB Hoi Nha van. Ha Npi.
[2] Doan Le (2009). Cudn gia phd di lgi. NXB Van hpc. Ha Npi.
[3] Doan Le (2010). Tiin dinh. NXB Hpi Nha van. Ha Noi.
[4] Doan Le (2010). ... Vd Sex. NXB Thanh nien. Ha Npi.
[5] Thuy Chi (2010). Sir sT Dodn Le tdm su vi Tien dinh, http \\"\\-\\ .lm247.com nu_si_doan_Ie_tam_su_\ e_%E2%80%9Ctien_diiih%E2%
801i.9D-8-21540757.httnl, 1 5 - 9 - 2 0 1 1 .
[6] Lai Nguyen An (bien soan) (1999). 150 thudt ngtr vdn hgc. NXB Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi, Ha Noi.
[7] Le Ba Han - Trio Dinh Su - Ngu\in Khic Phi (1992). Tir diin Thudt ngd vdn hgc.
NXB Giao due. Ha Npi.
[8] D6 Hai Ninh (2011). Moi quan he giua tu truyen - tieu thityet va mot s6 dang thiic tu thuat rrong van hpc Viet Nam dirong dai. Tgp chi Nghien citu vdn hgc, 8. tr. 113- 122.
Title: THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY IN DOAN LE'S PROSE
Abstract: With a painfiil life, a sensitive heart to life and a deep passion to live as well as to write, Doan Le has created a special position and a style in Vietnamese hlerature at this time of reform. Those are essential elements creating a dense autobiographical characteristic in the author's short stories and novels. Simultaneously, that is an important factor claiming the democracy, humanity and innovation of contemporary prose.
PHAM THI THUY
Hoc viea Cao hpc, Tmdng Dai hpc Su pham - Dai hoc Hui TS. BUI THANH TRLrS'EN
Khoa Giao due Tieu hpc, Tnrcmg Dai hpc Su pham - Dai hpc Hui
