Tgp/: Khe^^m'ruongDgihgeCdnTha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tunhiin. Cdng nghe vd Moi Irudng: 25(2013). 103^-108
Tap chl Khoa hpc - Dai hpc Can Thd website: sj. ctu. edu. vn
PHU'OfNG PHAP GIA C 6 N G J A M MAT XO D I T A CO VA KHONG CO CHAT KtT DINH DE KHAO SAT KHA NANG GIA ClTdNG CHO V^T LIEU COMPOSITE NEN NHlTA NHIET DEO
Cao Luu Nggc Hanh', Tmong Chi Thanh' va Nguyen Khanh Luan^
'Bg mon Cdng nghi Hoa hgc, Khoa Cdng nghi. Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha^
^Sinh vien Cdng nghi Hoa hgc K33, Khoa Cdng nghe, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
Thdng tin chung:
Ngdy nhdn: 21/11/2012 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 25/03/2013 Title:
Study on the method for fabricating MAT plates from coir fibers with and without adhesive substrate lo reinforce thermoplastic composite Tirkhda:
Tdm MAT, vgt Uiu composite, sgi xa dua
Keywords:
MAT plate, composite material, coir fiber
ABSTRACT
In this research, the method for producing fiat sheets (MAT plate) fiom coir fibers, which was used and not used an adhesive substrate with the
composite materials, was presented. Original materials are polypropylene and coir fibers, which were collected fiom Mo Cay district, Ben Tre province. The main equipment for the processing is hot pressure machine, Panstone, Taiwan that consists of a hydraulic press and heating press molds. The mechanical characteristics of the MAT plates, such as tensile strength, bending behavior, and impact resistance were analyzed. The results showed that this process was successful to fabricate the coir MAT plates, which can substrate lo reinforce thermoplastic composite.
T O M T A T
Bdi bdo Irinh bay kit qud nghien ciru phucmgphdp gia cong ldm MATxa dira cd vd khdng cd chdt kit dinh vdi nguon nguyin lieu la sgi xa dira tir huyin Mo Cdy, linh Bin Tre vd nhya polypropylen. Thiil bi chinh de gia cong tdm MAT la mdy ep ndng Panstone, Ddi Loan cd bg phgn ep thiiy lyc vd thief bi gia nhiet tren khudn ep. Tdm MA T sau khi gia cdng dugc ddnh gid thong qua ca tinh keo, udn vd va ddp cua vgt liiu composite gia cuong tir tdm MAT tren. Kit qud cho thdy da xdy dyng thdnh cdng quy trinh gia cong ldm MA T tu sgi xa dua dgi yeu cdu gia cdng cho vgt liiu composite.
1 DAT VAN B E
Nhdm ldn dung ngudn nguydn lieu sgi xo dira sdn cd thay thd cho cae loai sgi tdng hgp dd gia cudng cho vdt lieu composite thdn thidn vdi mdi tmdng, nhieu cdng ttinh nghien eiiu trong va ngoai nude da va dang thuc hien. Tuy nhidn cdc ddi tugng nghidn cuu ttong cdc cdng ttinh ndy chi nhdm vdo sgi xo dira dang thdng, dan tham hoac cdt thdnh cac sgi xo dira ngdn. Vat lieu composite dugc gia cudng tir cac dang nay cd nhieu ban chd. Neu sii dung sgi xo dira dang
thang, vat lieu composite ehi cd tinh ddng hudng vd thdi gian chai sgi eung mat nhidu thdi gian. Ndu v$t lieu comjjosite gia cudng bdng tham, sgi x o dira d^ng rdi dugc xodn Iai thanh sgi yam to hem lam gidm khd ndng thdm nhua, ddng thdi khd didu chinh dugc bd day ciia v^t lieu composite. Ddi vdi sgi x o dira cdt ngdn, nd chi ed tac dung nhu chat ddn tta ban Id ddn gia cudng. Nhu vdy, vide nghidn curu phuong phdp gia cdng tdm MAT xo dira thuc su cdn thidt vi nd cd thd khdc phuc dugc cac han che ndu trdn
Tap chi Khoa hgc Tru&ng Dgi hge Cdn Tha Phdn A • Khoa hgc Tu nhien. Cong nghi vd Mdi Iru&ng: 25 (2013) l^
va cd khd nang thay thd dugc mdt sd tdm MAT sgi tdng hgp.
2 PHU"OnSG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Nguyen lidu
Sgi rdi xo dira (tach bdng mdy) dugc mua d Huydn Md Cdy, Bdn tte. Sgi sau khi tach dugc lam sach va phai xo bd, dp am ciia sgi ttong thdi didm nay khoang 11%.
Nhua polyester (UPE), nhua polypropylen (PP), chdt ddng rdn MEKP (Metyl Etyl Keton Peroxide), latex, aceton va luu huynh cdng nghidp dugc mua d cira hang Hda chdt Lien Thdi, Phudng Cai Khd, Ninh Kidu, Cdn Tha.
2.2 Phworng p h a p nghien cihi
Bdng thue nghidm xdy dung qui ttinh gia cdng tam MAT sgi xo dira khdng ed chat kdt dinh va cd chat ket dinh (latex, polyester) vdi ndng do vd ham lugng khde nhau. Cu thd, ldm MAT cd khdi Iugng phdn bd theo dien tich ciia sgi vao khodng 250g/m", lugng chat ket dinh sir
dung eho vide gia cdng tdm MAT bang c d c l ^ phun ldn sgi gdm 5.1 g latex, 0.1 g S, 2 g nhua UPE, 11.85 g acetone, 0.178 g MEKP. Viec gia cdng tam MAT thue hidn bdng each nhiing sgi vao dung dich ehua polyester gdm cd 4g polyester, 300 g acetone, 0.297 g MEKP ttong thdi gian 3 phiit. Khi da chuan bi xong mlu MAT thi cho vdo khudn may ep ndng vdi thdi gian ep 15 phiit d nhiet do 140°C va dp Iuc ep 1000 psi va sau do gidi nhidt 5 phut thi se thu dugc tdm MAT sgi xo dira.
Anh hudng cua qui trinh gia cdng tdm MAT ddn CO tinh vat lieu composite cda nd dugc danh gid thdng qua kdt qua do dp ben keo, bidn dang udn va va dap eiia mdu composite.
3 K E T QUA VA THAO LUAN
Sau khi tidn hanh gia cdng tam MAT sgi xo dira vd thu dugc nhiing lo^i MAT ed chdt ket dinh la latex, polyester, nhiing polyester vd MAT khdng cd chdt kdt dinh nhu trinh bay d H i n h l .
C.MAT nhiing polyester d. MAT tu nhien Hinh 1: Tdm MAT sgi xo dira vol cac ch^t k^t dinh kli^c nhau
Tru&ng Dai hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A. Khoa hgc Ty nhien. Cdng nghi vd Mdi Irudng 25 (2013): 103-^08 hdi eiia composite MAT kdt dinh tu nhidn Jd cao nhdt, gdp 3.44 ldn (688/200) so vdi mlu nhua PP va tuang tu cho latex Id 2.43 Ian, cho Polyester Id 3.15 Idn va nhiing polyester la 3.16 ldn.
^m MAT thu dugc tuang tu nhau vd hung do day mdng khdc nhau tuy
^ddc tinh eiia tung loai chat kdt dinh.
xet cam quan cho thdy tam MAT sgi
%(n chdt kdt dinh latex (Hinh la), phun polyester (Hinh lb) vd nhung polyester (Hinh le) cho tdm MAT bdn, dep va de dang gia cdng con tdm MAT kdt dinh tu nhidn day, khd gia cdng vi do kdt dinh giiia cdc sgi tuang ddi thdp (Hinh Id)!
3.1 Anb hirdng cua viec gia cdng tam MAT len CO tinh keo ciia vat lieu composite nen nhira nhiet deo
Sgi xo dira lam tdng co tinh keo cua nhua nhidt deo khi su dung Idm composite, bdn canh do chat kdt dinh diing dd gia cdng tdm MAT Idm giam co tinh cua composite. Modun dan
Bang 1: Ctf tinh kdo ciia composite sol xa dira dirge gia cdng bang tam MAT k^t dinh vdi nhihig chSt ket dfnh khdc nhau so vdi man nhga PP
T^m MAT vdi chit kit jy- nhidn dinh
Do MAT khdng ed chdt ket dinh ndn kdt hgp de dmig vdi nhua PP khi gia cdng thanh composite vd vi vdy Udn didn giiia sgi vd nhua tuong ddi tdt ddn ddn eo tinh cao. Cac mlu MAT cd dung chdt ket dinh latex, polyester vd nhiing polyester do khdng tuang thich vdi nhua ndn PP ndn do ben lien didn kem din den co tinh thap.
Nhua PP dimg gia cdng composite cho gid tri thdp hon rdt nhidu so vdi gid tri dg bdn thgc cua nhua PP, tuy nhidn sau khi dugc gia cudng bdi cac loai MAT thi gid tri nay dugc cdi thien.
Latex Polyester Nhiing polyester Mau nhua PP Modun dan hdi keo
(MPa) Pd bin kdo (MPa)
670 ± 45 475.2 ± 51.4 615.5 ± 50 9.4 ± 0.5 6.65 ± 0.7 7.8 ± 0.8
618.1 ±91.5 8.7 ±0.3
195 ± 103.2 6.1 ± 0.44
Modun dan hoi cua mau composite va mSu nhga
Hinh 2: Do thj so sdnh anh huvng cua vifC gia cong tam MAT ddn modun dan hoi keo
Polyester Mau nhua PP (nhung)
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A. Khoa hgc Tu nhien, Cdng ngh? vd Moi tru&ng: 25 (2013).
Do bdn keo cua m l u composite vd mau nhua
Hinh 3: D6 tbi so sanh anh hudng cua "^
viec gia cong tdm MAT ddn d^ ben keo '^
ciia composite sgi na dua Q
9 f ) / 5 > ^ ^ |
Tir nhien Latex Polyesler Polyester MaunhtraPP (phtin) (nhiing)
3.2 Anh hirdng cua viec gia cdng tam MAT Ida do ben uon ciia vat lieu composite nen nhira F P
Qui luat thay ddi gia tri do bdn keo va do bdn udn cua mau composite thay ddi phii hgp
Bang 2: Bg ben uon cua composite sgi \a Aixa dirge gia cdng bdng tim MAT dugc ket dinh vol nhiing chat kit dinh khac nhau so voi mau nhga PP
vdi qui ludt vd ly thuyet. Nhin chung gia tti do bdn udn cua composite ndn nhua PP thay ddi khdng ddng ke khi gia cdng tir nhiing tdm MAT cd va khdng cd chdt ket dinh khac nhau.
Tam MAT vM chat kit dinh BO bSn uan (MPa)
TIT nhien 10.9 ± 2.9
Latex 9.4 ±1.4
Polyester 10.9 ±1.6
Nhiing polvester 10.2 ±0.2
MSU nhira PP 8.47 ±0.32
Hinh 4: Do tbj so sdnh dnh hirdng ciia vifc gia cong tim MAT din dQ ben uon ciia composite sgi xo dira
Dp ben uon ngang cua mdu composite va mau nhua
Polyester (nhung)
3.3 Anh hudng ciia viec gia cdng tam MAT ldn do ben va dap cua v^t lifu composite nen nhya nhiet deo
Do thj tten the hidn do bdn va dap cua mdu nhua PP va cac mlu composite dugc gia cudng bdng cdc tarn MAT vdi chdt kdt dinh khdc nhau.
Nhin chung dp ben va dap ciia cac mdu cd gid
tti gdn bdng nhau. Dp bdn va dap cua mau composite MAT kdt dinh tu nhien la Idn nhat, mlu composite mat ket dinh bang latex cd gia tri Idn thii hai va thdp nhdt la mau duge gia cudng bang MAT ket dinh bang cdch nhiing vao polyester.
c Tnc&iJg Dai hoe Cdn Tho Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tunhiin, Cong ngh? vd Moi tru&ng 25 (2013)' 103^108
»dn va dap cua composite sgi xo* dira dugc gia cdng bdng tim MAT dirge kit dinh vdi nhung iiat kit dinh khac nhau so vol mlu nhua PP
D T (J/mro)
Fvdi
inh Polyester Nhung polyester Man nhga PP
y% d^p 1.53 ±0.58 1.24 ±0.33 1.88 ± 0.38
Dp ben va dap cua mlu composite va mau nhua
Hinh 5: Dd thi so sdnh anh hucmg cua ^ ] 5 viec gia cong tim MAT din d$ bdn va .g dap ciia composite sgi xo dira >» '
Tu nhien Latex Polyester (phun)
Polyester Mlu nhira PP (nhiing)
Anh hudng ciia MAT nhiing polyester va phun polyesler lam cho composite ed do bdn va d^p gidm, nguydn nhan la do dp bdn va dap phu thupc vao gia tri toi uu cua lien dien ndn nhua ndn PP khdng tuong thich vdi chdt kdt dinh polyester, Idm cho do bdn va dap gidm xudng.
0 day mdt ldn nu:a MAT latex cho thdy kha nang chiu va dap cita latex, gid tri dp bdn va dap cua latex cao hon so vdi composite MAT nhiing polyester la 1.5 ldn (1.87/1.24). VI latex cd tinh dan hoi ndn chiu va dap tdt.
Nhin chung, eae ket qud ttdn cho thay tdm MAT kdt dinh bdng latex cd be day tuang duong vdi be day khudn (lmm). Khi ep sgi kdt dinh vdi nhau nhanh chdng nhd latex, sau khi ep luc lien kdt cua cao su ldn hon iing sudt ciia sgi nen van giii nguyen dugc kieh thudc. Tuang tu nhu vay Id tdm MAT kdt dinh bdng each phun polyester vd nhiing polyester, tuy nhidn sau khi ep, mdt phdn nhd sgi do cd iing sudt ldn ndn biic khdi lien kdt giua sgi va sgi bdng nhua polyester. Con doi vdi MAT kdt dinh tu nhien, be day cua tdm MAT ldn ban be day eua khudn tu 2 ddn 3 Idn. Nguydn nhdn Id do khdng dung chdt kdt dinh ma chu yeu la lam chay lignin trong sgi va lam cho sgi ket dinh vdi nhau. Tuy
nhidn, lignin cd kha ndng ket dinh thdp nen sau khi ra khdi khudn ep thi sgi gdn nhu sd phuc hdi Iai trang thdi cu va Idm eho tam MAT cd kich thudc ve bd day Idn han nhieu so khudn ep vd ca cac tdm MAT khdc.
4 K E T LUAN VA DE XUAT 4.1 K e t l u ^ n
Da xdy dgng dugc qui ttinh gia cdng tdm MAT sgi xo dira cd va khdng cd chdt kdt dinh.
Tdm MAT sgi xo dii^a sau khi gia cdng thda man ydu edu trong gia cdng composite nhu de nam khudn, cdc sgi ket dfnh tdt vdi nhau ndn be day tdm MAT cung dugc han chd vd dl dang thao tdc khi thuc hien gia cdng tam composite.
Tam MAT latex kdt dfnh lot nhdt, do day tuong duong lmm, ndn cd the de dang vdn chuydn vdi sd lugng Idn. Mdt uu didm niia eiia MAT latex la cd the gia cdng ehi tidt composite lam vide ttong mdi trudng chiu va dap vl composite MAT latex cd khd nang chiu va dap. Tuang tu, tdm MAT nhiing polyester va phun polyesler ciing kdt dfnh tdt, dd dang van chuyen va thao tac gia cdng comjwsite de dang. Dii khdng ed nhiing uu diem ndi bat so vdi cac mdu MAT vira neu nhung composite MAT ket dfnh tu nhien cung cho ea tfnh tuong ddi cao.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dai hoc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hoc Tu nhien, Cong ngh? vd Moi truong 25 (2013).
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nhin chung, cac phuang phap gia cdng tdm
MAT cd dnh hudng Idn ddn co tinh cua composite. Composite MAT latex mac dii cho gid tri ea tfnh keo va uon thap nhung Iai cho gia tri do bdn va dap cao, composite MAT polyester va nhung polyester cho cae gid tri vd CO tinh tuong ddi eao d thf nghidm udn va keo, gid tri CO tfnh ciia composite MAT sgi xo dira cao ttong mgi thf nghiem. Vi vdy, khi biet muc dfch su dgng vat lidu thi ed thd lua chgn MAT sir dung dd gia cdng compsite eho phii hgp.
4.2 Dexuat
Nghien ciiru thidt hi &k gia cdng tdm MAT vdi qui md cdng nghiep nhdm tao ra tdm MAT xo diia ling dung ttong ITnh vuc composite.
<2(?/i;^^H
1. Tmong Chi Thanh, 1999-2000. The effects of chemical tteatment on the mechanical properties of flax fiber reinforced epo?^
composite. Thesis submitted for degree of Master in Polymer and Composite Engineering.
2. K. van Rijswijk, W. D. Brouwer, A. Beukers, 2001. Application of Natural Fiber Composite in development of Rural Societies, Delft University.
3. Nguyin Hoa Thinh, Nguyen Dinh Diic, 2002.
Vdt lidu composite ca hpc va cong nghe, NXB khoa hpc vd ki thudt.
4. Nguyin HOu Tri, 2004. Khoa hgc ki thuat cong nghe cao su thien nhien, Nxb Tre.
5- Nguyin Minh Trf, Trdn Ld Qudn Ngpc, Truong Chi Thanh, 2005. Vat lieu composite, Tmdng Dai hpc Can tho.
6. Nguyin Bao Vd, Trin Van Hau, Le Thanh Phong, 2005. Giao ttinh Cay Da Nien, Nxb Dai hpc Cdn tha.
