Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnrang Dgi hoc Cdn Tha p 54, S6 7D (2018): 155-163
Tap chf Khoa hpc Trircing Dai hoc Can Thd
Phan D: Kinh te va Phap luat website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
DOLIO 22144/clu.jvn.20I8I52
PHAN TICH CAC YEU TO CAU THANH NANG LUC NGHE NGHIEP TRONG LiNH VU^C LtT HANH TAI THANH PHO CAN THO
Huynh T r u a n g H u y ' ' va C h u n g V a n Giang^
'Khoa Kinh ti, Tru&ng Dgi hpc Can Tha '^Cong ly cdphan sira Viet Nam, chi nhdnh Can Tha
*Ngu&i chju trdch nhiem ve bdi viet- Huynh Tnr&ng Huy (email: hthuy(aictu.edu.vn) ABSTRACT
Thong tin chung:
Ngdy nhdn bdi. 06/03/2018 Ngdy nhdn bdi sira-15/03/2018 Ngdy duyet ddng- 30/10/2018 Title:
Analysis of determinants of professional competence in Can Tho city's travel sector Tit khda:
Ndng luc nghe nghiep, nhdn vien, lit hdnh, thdnh pho Cdn Tho
Keywords:
Can Tho city, employee, professional compenlence.
travel sector
This study is aimed to analyze the professional competence framework for employees in the travel sector in Can Tho city, based on the survey oj
100 respondents - managers and staff members - with regarding lo Ihe three core groups of factors: knowledge, skills, and attitude. The surveyed results indicate that the important role of the professional compences of employees in creating values and improving service quality It is worth noting that employee's attitude is likely assessed as the most high-ranking factor among the professional competences to be a good employee in this sector.
T O M TAT
Nghien ciru ndy tap Irung phdn tich cdc yeu to cau thdnh nang luc nghe nghiep trong linh vuc lir hdnh lai thdnh pho Cdn Tha. dua tren quan diim ddnh gid ciia nhd qudn ly vd nhdn vien gdn lien v&i 3 nhom nhdn to.
kiin thirc. ky ndng vd thdi dp. Kit qud phdn tich thong ke mo td, phdn lich nhdn to thong qua du lieu cua cupc khdo sdt tir 100 nhd qudn ly vd nhdn vien Idm viec tgi cdc cong ty dich vu Id- hdnh tren dia bdn nghien ciru chi ra rang cdc yiu to the hien ndng luc nghe nghiep cua nhdn vien dong vai tro quan trong mang lgi gid tri vd ndng cao chdi luang dich vu. Trong so cdc nhom yiu to cdu thdnh ndng lifC nghe nghiep, thai dp lam viec cua nhdn vien duac quan tdm nhdt, ke den Id cdc yeu to ve ky ndng vd kien thirc Dieu ndy giup cho nhdn vien hodn thdnh tot cong viec vd tra thdnh nhdn vien gioi
Trich din: Huynh Trudng Huy va Chung Van Giang, 2018. Phan tich cac yeu td cau thanh nang li^c nghe nghiep trong ITnh vuc li> hanh tai thanh phd Can Tho, Tap chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dai hoc Can Tho, 54(7D): 155-163.
1 G l 6 l THIEU
Theo so lieu bao cao tdng ket ciia Sd Van hda.
The thao va Du lich thanh phd Can Tha trong nam 2017, du hch Can Tha da ddn ban 7,5 trieu lugt khach, tang 35% so vdi ke hoach nam Trong dd, khach luu tni dat tren 2,1 tneu luot khach va Tdng doanh thu tit du lich ciia thanh phd Can Tho nam 2017 dat 2.898 ty ddng, tang 59% so vdi ciing ky nam 2016
Can Tho cd vi tri tmng tam ciia Ddng bang Sdng Cuu Long, la mdt trong nhimg dia phuang dan dau cua viing vg thu hiit khach du lich trong va ngoai nude, nhit la tir khi C ^ Tha trd thanh thanh phd true thuoc Tmng uang, ket cau ha tang va co sd vat chat du lich duac dau tu nang cap ngay mot hoan chinh va ddng bo hon.
Theo xu huoTig chung, ngoai yeu td ket cau h?
tang, CO sd vat chit hien tai cua nganh du lich
Tgp chiKhoa hgc Tnrdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha thanh phd C3n Tha, ngudn nhan luc du lich ciing la yeu td hang dau gdp phan phat trien va nang cao chat lugng cua nganh du lich. Ben canh ITnh vuc nha hang-khach san, linh vuc lir hanh ciing thu hiit lugng Idn nhan luc tham gia va tiep xiic phuc vu du khach trong sudt chuyin du lich (Hd Thi Anh Van, 2011). Vi vay, viec nang cao chat lugng ngudn nhan luc trong ITnh vuc Iii hanh la v i n dg cip thigt de gdp phan thiic day sir phat triln thanh phd Can Tha, dua thanh phd Can Tho trd thanh trung tam du hch ciia viing. Ngudn nhan lire du lich la mgt tronp nhimg yeu td quan trpng hang dau mang tinh quygt dmh trong tign trinh phat triln du hch, ben con ngudi chinh la chii the ciia boat ddng lao dgng.
Sd dl ngudn nhan luc du lich trd thanh mdt trong nhimg van de cap thiet ciia du hch hgc hien dai la vi khi du lich ngay cang phat trien, nhu cau ve ngudn nhan luc ngay cang cao ca ve sd lugng va chat lugng. Trong khi dd, hien nay ngudn nhan lire du hch dang cdn thieu, su phSn bd va chat lugng nguon nhan lyc giiia cac khu vuc, qudc gia tren the gidi khdng ddng dgu. Du lich mudn phat trien de trd thanh nganh kinh te miii nhgn ddi hdi phai cd ngudn nhan lire vdi chat lugng cao, dac biet trong thdi ky hgi nhap nhu hien nay.
Nhin chung, chat lugng ngudn nhan luc du Iich cua Viet Nam dang dan dan dugc nang cao. Trong nhiing nam qua, boat ddng dao tao, bdi dudng cho ngudn nhan lire du lich lir hanh ludn dugc quan tam chil trgng. Tuy nhien, van de btic xilc nhat hien nay ciia ddi ngii lao ddng trong du lich Iii hanh la
"vira thieu, vira yeu". Ngoai trir mot sd doanh ngbiep lien doanh vdi nude ngoai, ddi ngu lao ddng dugc dao tao tai chd, hoac gin di dao tao d nude ngoai nen chat lugng cd tot hon, dap img dugc ygu cau va dugc danh gia kha cao, cdn lai ve ca ban chat lugng nguon nhan luc cdn thap, sd lugng chua dap img nhu cau phat trien ciia du lich dg trd thanh nganh kinh te miii nhgn va cdn cd khoang each kha xa so vdi trinh do ciia cac nude trong khu vuc ciing nhu thg gidi. Trinh dd, tay nghe ciia mdt bd phan Idn luc lugng lao dgng true tiep cdn ban che, phuc vu du hch cdn theo thdi quen, theo kinh nghiem va chii ygu theo ban nang ty nhign. Dgi ngti hudng dan vien khdng chi ygu ve trinh do ngoai ngu, khdng tinh thdng ve nghiep vu ma cdn thigu nhiing hieu bigt vg tmyen thdng van hoa, lich sii cung nhu nhirng gia tri ciia cac danh lam thang canh, tinb chuyen nghiep chua cao, va ddi khi cd thai do khdng dung ddi vdi du khach.
Mdt vai nghien cim gan day, dien hinh nhu Dao Nggc Canh vd ctv. (2017) tap trung phan tich nhan thuc cua doanh nghiep du ljch ve anh hudng cua biln ddi khi hau, ngudn nhan lire trong linh vuc Iii hanh; hay nghien ciiu ciia Nguyen Qudc Nghi
Tdp 54. So 7D (2018): 155-163 (2013) di sau phan tich sy hai Idng ciia du khach ve nhan vien thdng qua khung nang luc nghg nghiep.
Trong idii do, sy danh gia, yeu cau ciia nha quan ly doanh nghiep kinh doanh lir hanh ve nang luc ddi vdi nhan vign dudng nhu chua dugc khai thac. Day la van de quan trgng va thiet thyc gan lien vdi nhu cau tuyen dung, phat tridn nhan sa cua doanh nghiep; ddng thdt cung cap tin hieu ve chuan dau ra ma cac ca sd dao tao nganh du Iich can xay dyng va hudng den theo nhu can nhan lyc trong ITnh vyc nay.
2 C O s d LY THUYET VA PHl/ONG P H A P N G H I E N CIJXJ
2.1 L;f thuyet nang lyc nghe nghigp Boyatzis (1982) trinh bay ve nang lyc kha cu the hon so vdi McCleland (1973). Tac gia cho rang
"nang lyc the hien nhiing dac titih ca nhan lign quan den cdng viec dat hieu qua cao". Trong khi dd, McClelland (1973), md ta "nang lyc nhu la mgt dac tinh ca b4n de thuc hien cdng viec". Nang Iuc la mdt sd kien thiic, ky nang, kha nang, tinh each, dgng CO lien quan den cdng viec, sy the hien trong cdng viec va mdt sd nhirng kgt qua quan trgng khac trong cudc sdng. Day chinh la khai niera ca ban, dat nen mdng dau tien ve nang lyc.
Cho den nam 2008, nhiing dac tinh ve nang lyc nghg nghiep cua Boyatzic ve mdt ca nhan dugc dinh nghTa cy thg hon bdi Spencer and Spencer (2008), bao gdm ba tieu chi ca ban lien quan cac tieu chi danh gia hieu suat cdng viec: kien thiic, ky nang va thai do. Cd the thay rang, nang lyc nghe nghiep ciia nhan vien thugc cac nganh nghe trong xa hdi dugc danh gia phd bidn dua vao chuan dau ra chuang trinh dao tao tuong irng vdi nganh nghe do, tigu chuan vg nang lyc dya theo chuan dai hgc ciing bao gdm kien thirc, ky nang va thai do.
Theo Lucia and Lepsinger (1999), nang lyc:
"Mdt tap hgp nhung kign thirc lien quan, ky nang va thai do cd anh hudng mgt phan quan trong trong cdng viec cua mdt ngudi, tuong quan vdi hieu suat trong cdng viec, cd the dugc danh gia theo tieu chuan dugc chap nhan, va cd the dugc cai tbien thdng qua dao tao va phat trign", Cac tac gia deu nhan manh dgn tam quan trgng cua kien thirc va ky nang cung nhu thai do, la cac yeu td quan trong cau thanh nang lire
Trong tai lieu tap huan viec day hgc va kiem tra, danh gia theo dinh huang phat trien nang lyc cua hgc sinh do Bd giao dye va Dao tao phat hanh nam 2014, "Ndng luc dupe quan niem Id su ket hap mpt cdch linh hoat vd co to chirc kien thuc, ky ndng v&i thdi do, tinh cam, gid tri, dpng ca cd nhdn, . nhdm dap img hieu qud mot yeu cdu phirc
Tap chiKhoa hoc TruangDai hgc Cdn Tha hap ciia hogt dpng trong boi cdnh nhdt dinh''.
Nang luc thi hien su van dung tdng hgp nhieu y l u td (phim chat ciia nguoi lao dgng, kien thirc va ky nang) dugc thg hien thdng qua cac hoat ddng ciia ca nhan nham thyc hien mdt loai cdng viec nao do.
Tom lai, cd the hieu mgt each ngan gon nang lyc la kha nang van dung tat ca nhung yeu td chii quan (ma ban than cd san hoac dugc hinh thanh qua hgc tap) de giai quyet cac van dg trong hgc tap, cdng tac va cudc sdng. Nang lyc nghe ngbiep cua nhan vien ndi chung va nhan vidn du hch iii hanh ndi neng cd thg dugc danh gia theo ba tbanh phan cau thanh: kign thuc, ky nang va thai do cua mdt ca nhan hoac td chiic de thyc hien dugc cdng viec va dat ket CO hieu qua
Danh gia nang Iuc la mdt phan quan trgng trong viec quan Iy dgi ngu ben canh xac dinh muc tieu, hudng dan va phan hdi trong qua trinh lam viec.
Qua trinh nay gnip nhan vien dat dugc kgt qua doanh nghiep mong dgi cung nhu dinh hudng muc heu phat trien trong tuong lai Tuy nhien, day la mdt cdng viec khdng he don gian va van cdn khign cac nha quan Iy dau dau tim ra giai phap tdt nhat.
Theo Le Quan va Nguydn Quoc Khanh (2012), danh gia nang lyc la danh gia nhirng vin d l nhu kien thirc (knowledge), ky nang bay kha nang (skills or abilities) va c^ch ling xii hay thai do (behaviors or attitude) lam viec ciia nhan vign va nhiing gia tri tiem an ben trong nhan vien. Ngu mgt nhan vien cd nang luc tdt, dugc dat dimg vi Ui vdi dieu kien lam viec phii hgp thi hieu qua cdng viec cao, mang lai gia tri cho doanh nghiep giiip doanh nghiep ngay mgt phat mgn han.
Zehrer and Mossenlechner (2009) danh gia nang luc ciia sinh vien tdt nghiep nganh du hch dya vao khao sat tir ngudi sir dung lao ddng Hai tac gia cho ring kiln thuc yong ITnh vuc du lich bao ham sy hieu biet ve phap luat va xa hdi, trong dd am hidu ve luat du Iich va ylu td van hda dugc nhan manh. Trudc dd, Ricci (2005) cung nhin manh rang kiln thiic ciia nhan vien trong ITnh vyc luu tni bao gdm sy hieu bilt v l tieu chuin v l dich vu khach hang, san phim djch vu va tin hgc can ban Tuy nhien, Draganidis and Mentzas (2006) khang dinh ring cac ylu to thudc ba thanh phin cdt Idi ciia nang lyc cd su tuong quan lin nhau; vi du nhu su am hieu vin de cdng ddng vdi ky nang trinh bay tdt se gdp phan hoan thanh tdt cdng viec.
Le Quan va Nguygn Qudc Khanh (2012) da ap dyng ly thuylt khung nang luc trong bai nghien cim de danh gia miic do quan trgng va dap img ciia cac nha quan ly dilu hanh doanh nghiep nlid Viet Nara, tir dd tac gia xac dinh dugc mdt sd nang lyc
Tap 54, So 7D (2018)- 155-163 tigu bigu ma cac nha quan ly dieu hanh doanh nghiep nhd Viet Nam can co. Cung tir cac ylu td kien thiic, ky nang hay kha nang, thai do ciing dugc su dyng trong ITnh vyc giao due nhu nghien cim ciia Quan Minh Nhyt vd ctv. (2012) danh gia chat lugng dao tao ciia cac trudng d^i hgc, co so giao due, chat Iugng ngudn nhan Iuc thdng qua kha nang dap ung cua nhan vien ddi vdi yeu cau ngudn nhan lyc ciia cac doanh nghiep.
Bd tieu chuan ky nang nghg du Iich Viet Nam (Viet Nam Tourism Occupational Skills Standards -VTOS) ciia Tdng eye du lich Viet Nam ciing da dua ra ky nang nghe cho trinh do ca ban ciia nhan vien tu van ban ve du lich Iii hanh va hudng din vien du lich de danh gia nang Iuc nhan sy tap tmng vao kien thiic, ky nang, thai do. Cach tilp can danh gia nhu the the hien dugc nang lyc toan dien va kha phil hgp de xay dyng tieu chuin va tieu chi danh gia nang lyc nhan vidn.
2.2 K h u n g n a n g lire n g h i n g h i i p trong linh vyc l u hanh
Xuat phat tir ca sd ly thuylt va nhiing kit qua nghign ciru ve nang lyc nghe nghiep ciia nhan vien du lich, md hinh nghign cuu vdi trucmg hgp phan tich nang lyc nghg nghiep ciia nhan vien trong ITnh vyc Iii hanh tai thanh phd C i n Tho dugc xay dyng gan lien vai ba thanh phin cdt ldi: kiln thirc, ky nang va thai do va cac yen td thugc tinh cila chiing.
Cac ygu td thudc tinh ciia ba thanh phin nang lyc nghi nghiep tren duoc cu thg dudi dang nhimg cau hdi va dugc danh gia theo thang do Likert 5 miic do tang dan trong qua trinh khao sat tir nhirng du khach tai cac didm lai cac diem din du Iich dugc chgn ciia viing nghien cim va nhiing du khach din dat tour tai cac cdng ty du lich.
Khung nang lyc nghe nghiep vai cac yeu to thudc tinh dugc xay dyng theo cac budc sau day:
Budc 1: Khung phan tich nang lyc nghi nghiep ban dau -gom 3 nhom nhdn to voi 19yeu to thudc tinh, trong do kien thirc: 5 yeu to; ky ndng: 8 yiu to; thdi dp: 6 yeu to, ygu td - dugc xay dyng dua tren ca sd luge khao cac nghidn ciiu trudc day co lign quan.
Budc 2: Thao luan lay y kien cua 39 chuygn gia - quan ly nhan su va doanh nghiSp trong vimg, Ngi dung thao luan chii yeu xac dinh va bd sung cac ygu td thudc tinh nang lyc nghi nghiep trong khung nang lyc de xuat; thii hai, cac tac nhan nao (nha quan ly, ddng nghiep, khach hang) se phu hap de tham gia^ danh gia nhan vien theo tung ylu td dinh san. Ket qua thao luan xay dyng khung nang lyc nghe nghiep ciia nhan vign trong ITnh vyc Iii hanh duoc trmh bay d Bang 1
Tap chi Khoa hoc J ruang Dat hgc Cdn Tha Tgp 54 So 7D (2018) • 155-163
Bang 1: Cac yeu to thugc tinh the hien nang lyc nghe nghiep trong linh vyc lu' hanh
Tieu chi thanh phan Ky
hieu Dien giai cac cac yeu t6
Tam quan trgng cua yeu tfl
1: Rdt khong QT-> 5: Rdt QTKTl Kign thiic ve phap luat, kinh te - xa hdi, chinh tri
Kiln thirc ^^^ Kien thiic ve lich sii, van hda, dia ly KT3 Kien thiic dich vy du lich Iii hanh KT4 Kign thitc vd diem den san pham du Uch KT5 Kien thirc ve qudc te
KNl Ky nang van dung kien thirc de thao tac nghiep vu KN2 Ky nang giao tiep
KN3 Ky nang sit dyng ngoai ngii
Ky nang KN4 Ky nang xii ly tinh hudng va giai quylt vin dl KN5 Ky nang quan sat
KN6 Ky nang thuyet trinh, thuyet phuc KN7 Ky nang quan ly, td chiic KN8 Ky nang trang phuc va ngoai hinh TDI Thai dd nhiet tmh, chju khd cua nhan vien TD2 Thai do trach nhiem trong cdng viec
™ , . ^ . TD3 Tmng thuc trong cdng viec TD4 Thai do hop tac, lang nghe va hd trg TDS Thai dd than thien hch sy TD6 Thai do chii ddng trong cdng viec
Ngudn: long hap tie luac khdo vd thda ludn chuyen giaKSt qua thao luan nhdm chuygn gia vg khung phan tich nang luc nghg nghiep trong ITnh vyc Iii hanh cho thay nhdm nhan td kien thirc vdi 5 yeu td thugc tinh, nhdm ky nang gdm 8 ygu td va nhom thai do gom 6 yeu td. Tuy nhien, viec danh gia cac yeu td nay cd sy khac biet giiia cac nhdm tac nhan tham gia danh gia xuat phat tir sy am higu, tigp nhan ciia hg. Cu the la, nhdm tac nhan khach hang chi phil hgp danh gia ddi vdi nhdm nhan td kidn thiic vdi 4 yeu td, nhdm ky nang vai 7 yeu to, va nhdm thai do vdi 4 yeu td Trong khi dd, nhdm quan ly bg phan se tham gia danh gia tat ca 19 yeu to thugc 3 nhdra nhan td d Bang I
2.3 Phu-ong phap nghien ciru
2.3 1 Thu thap du lieuThong lin thu cdp: Dii li^u thii cap bao gdm
bao cao thong kg nganh du lich cua thanh phd Can Tha va cac nghien ciiu khoa hoc cd lien quan den nang Iuc nghe nghiep cua nhan vien du hch. Han niia, luge khao cac nghign cuu dd cung gdp phin tim kilm nhiing bang chiing ve nang Iuc nghg nghiep ciia nhan vien trong ITnh vyc du lich Iii hanh.
Thong tin sa cap: Ddi tugng khao sat muc tieu
bao gdm nha quan ly va nhan vien (dong nghiep) dang lam viec tai tat ca 40 cac cdng ty, chi nharih cdng ty kinh doanh dich vu Iii hanh tai thanh phd cin Tha dl danh gia tim quan trgng cua cac ylu td (tieu chi) ciu thanh nang lyc nghe nghiep cua nhan
vien. Trong dd, ty le quan sat dugc phan bd theo dap vien nhu sau- 1 nha quan ly va 2 nhan vien tai mdi cdng ty hoac chi nhanh cdng ty dugc tiep can khao sat. Hay ndi each khac, cd man dy kidn thu thap se la 120. Tuy nhien, co mau can thigt ddi vdi nghign ciiu su dung phan tich nhan td kham pha (EFA) phai dat tdi thieu 5 Ian tdng sd bien quan sat (Hair et al., 1998). Theo cac tidu chi thanh phan d Bang I, ca mau can thu thap tuang ting la 95 (5*19) quan sat. Trong thuc te khao sat, co mau dat dugc la 100 quan sat
Dua vao danh sach cong ty trgn dia ban nghign ciiu, nhdm nghien ciiu tiep can tryc tiep khao sat 1 nha quan ly nhu giam ddc hoac trudng bd phan dieu hanh tour. Sau cudc tiep xiic nay, 2 nhan vien (1 CO kinh nghiem lam viec tren 2 nam va 1 dudi nam) ciia cdng ty se duac nha quan ly gidi thieu cbo nhdm nghien cim tigp mc khao sat.
Bang 2: Mo ta cd- mau khao sdt Dap vien muc tieu Nhan Tren 2 nam vien 2 nam tra xuong Nlia quan ly Tong so
S6 lu'o'ng 44 38 18 100
Tyle
44
38
18
100
So vdi CO man muc tidu tir 95 - 120 quan sat tai
40 cdng ty, chi nhanh dugc xac dinh, nhdm nghien
ciiu da kigm tra lai tinh day dii va phii hgp cita
thdng tin thu thap va sd luong quan sat dugc sii
dung trong phan tich la 100; cac phieu khao sat
Tap chi Khoa hoc Truang Dai hgc Cdn Tha khong sir dung do thigu thdng tin dugc cung cap tir dap vign
2.3.2 Phuangplidpphdn tich Thang do Ldfcrt 5 mirc do tang dan the hien sy quan tam ciia dap vien doi vdi cac ydu td thudc tinh ciia nang luc nghi nghiep ciia nhan vign trong linh vyc Iii hanh. Cu thi, / ; rdi khdng quan trpng, 2:
khong quan trong. 3: quan trpng; 4 khd quan trpng, 5- rdt quan trpng.
Kilm dinh do tin cay cua thang do ddi vdi cac ylu td thudc tmh neu tren dugc danh gia qua he sd Cronbach's Alpha (Nguyin Dinh Thg, 2012). Day la he sd tin cay dugc sii dung kiem dinh thang do dg xac dinh sy tuong quan giiia cac cap yeu to quan sat
He sd Cronbach's Alpha dugc xac dinh.
Ar(cov/var) l-l-()i:-l)(cov/var) Trong do:
a hg sd Cronbach's Alpha k: sd muc hdi kiem tra
Tgp 54, So 7D (2018): 155-163 cov/var: he sd tucmg quan trung binh giiia cac cap ygu td quan sat.
Danh gia do tm cay ciia thang do qua he s6 Cronbach's Alpha
0,8 < a < 1,0: Thang do lucmg tdt 0,7 < a < 0,8: Thang do ludng tdt a > 0,6: Thang do sit dung dugc doi vdi khai mem nghien ciiru mdi.
Viec kigm dinh do tin cay thang do cd thg dugc xac dinh nhd he so tuong quan bien tdng (corrected item-total coneclation) nham loai bd cac bien rac khdi thang do ludng. He sd tuong quan bien tdng la be sd tuong quan ciia mgt bign vdi digm trung binh cua cac bien khac trong ciing mdt thang do, do do, he sd nay cang cao thi sy tuong quan ciia bien nay vdi cac bign khac trong nhdm cang cao. Theo Nunnally and Bumstem (1994), cac bien cd h? sd tuong quan bien tdng nhd ban 0,3 dugc coi la bien rac. Sau do, ky thuat phan tich nhan td dugc ap dung nham xac djnh cac nhdm nhan td can thanh nang lyc nghg nghiep trong linh vyc Iii hanh dya tren cac y l u td thudc tinh dugc ndu trgn.
Bang 3: Gia tri trung binh cua cac yeu to nang lyc Cac yeu to nang lu-c
Kien tbirc
Chung
3,95Nha quan ly
3,91Nhan vien
3,84 Kieti thuc ve phap luat, kinh te - xa hoi, chinh nKien thiic ve lich sir, van hoa, dia ly Kien thirc dich vu du hch lu hanh Kien thuc ve diem den san pham du lich Kien thirc ve quoc te
3,50 4,19 4,15 4,20 3.72
3,64 4,00 4,28 4,17 3,44
3,46 4,06 4,00 4,01 3,67 Ky nans
Ky nang van dung kien thirc de thao tac nghiep vu Ky nang giao tiep
Ky nang su dung ngoai ngir
Ky nang xir ly tinh huong va giai quyet vdn d i Ky nang quan sat
Ky nang thuyet trinh, thuyet phuc Ky nang quan ly, to chuc Ky nang trang phuc va ngoai hinh
4,14 4,32 4,14 4,39 4,23 4,26 4,17 4,09
4,06 4,33 4,00 4,22 4,44 4,11 4,22 4,33
4,05 4,28 4,07 4,28 4,16 4,21 4,16 4,15
Thdi do 4,49 4,55
Thai do nhiet tmh, chiu kh6 cua nhan vien Thai do trach nhiem trong cong viec Trung thuc trong cong viec Thai do hgp tac, lang nghe va ho trg Thai do than thien lich sir Thai do chii dgng trong cong viec
4,41 4,48 4,61 4,43 4,60 4,43
4,44 4,33 4,72 4,44 4,50 4,44
4,51 4,51 4,59 4,46 4,73 4,49 Nguon. Kel qud phdn lich sd lieu khdo sal. 2017.
3 K E T QUA VA T H A O LUAN 3.1 Mo ta dac diem mau khiio sat Ket qua khao sat thuc te tir 2 nh6m dap vien - nha quan ly va nhan vien - tai cac cong ty lir hanh
tren dia ban nghien ciru bao gora 18 nha quan ly va 82 nhan vien (trong do, 38 nhan vien CO kinh nghiem hr 2 nam tro xuong va 44 nhan vien c6 ffen 2 nam kmh nghiera). Mpt so dac diera v6 m l u khao sat duoc trinh bay torn tat nhu sau' Ve gioi tinh, ca
Tap chi Khoa hgc Trudng D(ii hoc Can Tha 2 nhdm dap vien la quan ly va nhan vien, ty le theo gidi tinh tuong ling la 34% nam va 66% nii. v l do tudi ciia dap vidn, do tudi nhd nhit cua khach hang ddi vdi nam la 23 va nir la 2 1 , cao nhat doi vdi nam la 40 va nii la 39, do tudi trung binh ddi vdi nam la 27,94 va ddi vdi nii la 27,65. Do tudi nhd nhit cua cap quan ly va nhan vien ddi vdi nam la 19 va nii la 19, cao nhat ddi vcri nam la 57 va nu la 54, do tudi tmng binh ddi vdi nam la 31,38 va ddi vdi nu la 30,60.
Ket qua phan tich md ta cac ylu to the hien nang luc ciia nhan vien dugc trinh bay d Bang 3.
3.2 Ket qua phan tich cac yeu to cau t h a n h nang lyc nghe nghif p
Danh gia thang do nang lyc nghe nghiep cua nhan vien Iii hanh bang do tin cay Cronbach's Alpha bao gom 3 thanh phan va 19 bien quan sat, vi vay danh gia thang do nang lyc nghe nghiep Bang 4: Cac yeu to t h a n h p h a n kien t h u c
Tdp 54. So 7D (2018) 155-163 nhan vign Iii hanh la danh gia 3 thanh phan: kien thiic, ky nang va thai do. Hon niia, trong phan tich nay chi de cap den kdt qua phan tich tir thdng tin khao sat ddi vdi nhdm ndi bd (quan Iy va nhan vien).
3.2.1 Ddnh gid tinh phu hap ctia thang do doi v&i cdc yeu to
Kgt qua Cronbach's Alpha cua nhdm nhan td kiln thiic la 0,842 Idn hon 0,6 nen thang do nay dat tieu chuan. Ngoai ra, tat cac bidn deu cd he sd tuong quan bien-tdng Idn hon 0,4. Cung cSn chu y Cronbach's Alpha neu ioeii bd bign nay ciia K T l va KT5 lin lugt la 0,855 va 0,849 Icmhan 0,842 rit nho khdng dang ke. Vi vay, cac bign nay dat yeu cau dugc xac dinh la phu hgp de phan tich nhan td kham pha ciia nhdm kien thiic thudc nang lyc nghe nghiep cua nhan vien ITnh -vyc lir hanh.
Cac yeu to
T r u n g Phu-oTig Tu-omg _ . . ,
. , . ^. ^ . . . C r o n b a c h ' s bmh thang sai thang q u a n , , . i , .
^ t , . ^ f u ' Alpha neu loai do neu loai flo neu bien- . . . ;
bo bien nay bien loai bien to"g
Kien thuc: Alpha = 0,842 KT vg phap luat, kinh tg-xa hdi (KTl) KT v l lich sir, van hda, dia ly (KT2) KT ve dich vu du Hch Iii hanh (KT3) KT vg digm dgn, san pham du Iich (KT4) KT ve hdi nhap qudc tg (KT5)
15,77 15,22 15,22 15,23 15,64
7,108 5,830 5,668 5,916 7,182
0,47 0,798 0,751 0,744 0,49
0,855 0,768 0,780 0,783 0,849 Nguon: Ket qud plidn lich so lieu khdo sdt, 2017.
Bang 5: Cac ySu to t h a n h p h a n ky nang
Cac yeu to
T r u n g binh Phu-ong sai Tu-ong C r o n b a c h ' s thang do thang do q u a n Alpha neu
neu loai neu loai bien- loaii bo bien bien bien tdng nay Ky nang: Alpha = 0,884
KN van dung kiln thirc (KNl) KN giao tilp (KN2) KN giao tigp ngoai ngii (KN3) KN giai quyet van de (KN4) KN quan sat (KN5)
KN thuylt trinh, thuygt phuc (KN6) KN quan ly, td chirc (KN7) KN v l trang phuc (KN8)
29,37 29,13 29,36 29,15 29,21 29,23 29.25 29,24
10,256 10,276 10,556 10,371 10,188 9,835 10,008 10,669
0,636 0,654 0,545 0,661 0,680 0,704 0,739 0,608
0,872 0,870 0,881 0,869 0,867 0,865 0,861 0,874 Nguon: Kil qud phdn lich so lieu khdo sal. 2017.
Kgt qua Cronbach's Alpha ciia nhdm nhan td Ky nang la 0,884 Idn hon 0,6 nen thang do nay dat tidu chuin, Ngoai ra, tat cac bign dgu cd he sd tuong quan bidn-tdng Idn ban 0,4. Vi vay, cac yeu td nay dat ygu ciu vg do tin cay va dugc xac dinh ia phil hop de tign hanh phan tich nhan td kham
pha ciia nhdm ky nang thudc nang luc nghe nghiep ciia nhan vien ITnh -vuc lit hanh.
Ket qua Cronbach's Alpha ciia nhdra nhan to thai do la 0,691 Idn hon 0,6 nen thang do nay dat tieu chuan. Ngoai ra, cac bien T D I , TD3, TD4 deu cd he sd tuong quan bign-tdn§ Idn ban 0,4; trir cac biln TD2 bing 0,336, TDS bang 0,339, TD6 bing
Tap chiKhoa hgc TruangDai hgc Cdn Tha 0,307. Tuy nhidn, he sd tuong quan biln-tdng cac biln nay vin Idn 0,3 ngn van d?t yeu can ve do tm cay va nlu gift Iai cac bien nay thi h? so Cronbach's Alpha se tdt hon. Vi vay, cac yeu td Bang 6: Cac ylu td thanh ph^n thai do
Tdp 54. So 7D (2018) 155-163 thugc nhdra nhan t l thai do dugc xac dinh la phii hgp de tien hanh phan tich nhan td kham pha ciia nhdm thai do thudc nang lyc nghe nghiep cua nhan vien ITnh vyc Iii hanh.
Cac yeu to
Trung binh Phu-ffng sai Tiromg Cronbach's thang do n i u thang do neu quan bien- Alpha neu loai
loai biln loai biln tdng bd bien nay Thdi dp: Alpha ^0,691
TD nhiet tinh, chiu khd (TD 1) TD trach nhiem trong cdng viec (TD2) TD tmng thyc trong cdng viec (TD3) TD hgp tac, ling nghe va hd trg (TD4) TD than thien, Hch sy (TD5) TD chu ddng trong cdng viec (TD6)
22,72 22,74 22,61 22,76 22,53 22,74
2,608 2,699 2,402 2,528 2,676 2,78
0,423 0,336 0,596 0,482 0,399 0,307
0,650 0,679 0,592 0,630 0,658 0,687
Ngudn Kit qud phdn tich so lieu khdo sdt. 2017.3.2 2 Kil qud phdn tich nhdn to khdm phd Sau khi danh gia do tin cay ciia thang do ^ua he sd Cronbach's Alpha. Tiep dd, cac cac yeu td duoc tiep tuc sii dung trong phan lich nhan td kham pha, viec phan tich nhan td kham pha se loai ra nhirng yeu td do ludng khdng dat yeu cau va dam bao cho thang cd tinh ddng nhat.
Trong bai nghien ciru nay, phan tich nhan td se giiip ta xem xet kha nang rut ggn sd lucmg 19 bidn quan sat thanh 3 nhdm nhan td do ludng miic do cau thanh nang luc nghe nghiep cua nhan vien lii hanh, ket qua phan tich d Bang 6 cd 3 thanh phan chinh hay cdn goi la 3 nhdm nhan td dugc riit ra Bang 7: Ket qua phan tich nhan to kh^m pha
Cac he sd tai diu Idn hon 0,5 tni bien TD6. Cac thang do cd he sd KMO = 0,758 (0,5<KMO<1) va mirc y nghTa Bertlett's cd sig - 0 nhd hern 0,05 kilm dinh cd y nghTa thdng ke va cac bidn quan sdt cd tuong quan vdi nhau trong tdng the. Phuong sai yich bing 60,69%i Idn hon 50%; didu nay cd y nghTa ring cac nhan td nit ra dugc giai thich 60,69% biln thien ciia du lieu tai he sd Eigeinvalue
= 1,190 Nhu vay, tit ca cac tieu chuan cua phan tich nhan td ddi vdi thang do do ludng mirc do cau thanh nang luc nghe nghiep ciia nhan vien lir hanh deu dugc chap nhan ve mat gia tri.
Cac yeu to Nhdm nhSn to
KT ve phap luat, kinh tg-xa hdi (KTl) KT vg lich sit, van hda, dia ly (KT2) KT v l dich vu du hch lir hanh (KT3) KT vg digm den, san pham du hch (KT4) KT ve hgi nhap qudc te (KT5) KN van dung kien thirc (KNl) KN giao tilp_(KN2) KN giai quygt vn dg (KN4) KN quan sat (KN5)
KN thuylt trinh, thuylt phuc (KN6) BCN quan ly, td chiic (KN7) KN v l trang phuc (KN8) TD trach nhiem trong cdng viec (TD2) TD trung thyc trong cdng viec (TD3) TD nhiet tinh, chiu khd (TDI) TD hgp tac, lang nghe va hd trg (TD4) TD than thien, hch sy (TD5)
0,553 0,901 0,849 0,85 0,662 0,608 0,719 0,688 0,825 0,692 0,823 0,802
0,555 0,734 0,619 0,717 0,596 Ngudn. Kit qud phdn tich sd lif u khdo sdt, 2017
Ket qua phan tich cudi ciing sau khi da loai cac bien khdng dii hdi tu thi riit trich ra dugc 3 nhan td.
Cac nhan td khdng cd su xao trgn giiia cac ygu to trong khung nang lyc cua nhan vien. Ddng thdi,
Tap chi Khoa hoc Truang Dgi hoc Cdn Tha mdi nhan td deu cd cac ygu td cd tuong quan chat che vdi nhau. ISlhu vay, sau khi thyc hien phan tich nhan to, ta cd the nhdm cac biln quan sat thanh 3 nhan td bao gdm:
Nhdm nhan td I "Kien thiic" gdm cac bien:
Kien thiic ve phap luat, kmh t l , xa hot, chinh tri (KTl); Kien thiic ve lich sit, van hda, dia ly (KT2), Kien thiic ve dich vy du lich lii hanh (KT3); Kien thiic vg diem din san phira du lich (KT4); Kien thirc ve hdi nhap qudc t l (KT5).
Nhdra nhan td 2 "Ky nang" gdm cac bien- Ky nang van dung kien thiic thao tac nghiep vu, chuygn mdn (KNl); Ky nang giao tiep (BCN2); Ky nang xir ly tinh huong va giai quyet van dg (KN4);
Ky nang quan sat (KN5); Ky nang thuyet trinh, thuyet phuc (KN6); Ky nang quan ly, td chiic (KN7); Ky nang ve trang phuc va ngoai hinh (KNS).
Nhdm nhan td 3 "Thai dg" gdm cac bign: Thai do nhiet tinh, chju khd cua nhan vien (TDI); Thai dd trach nhiem trong cdng viec (TD2); Thai do tmng thyc trong cdng viec (TD3); Thai do hgp tac, lang nghe, hd trg (TD4); Thai dd than thien, Iich su vdi khach hang (TD5).
4 K E T L U A N
Bai viet da phan tich khung nang lyc nghe nghiep trong linh vyc lir hanh thdng qua cudc khao sat 100 dap vien gdm nha quan ly va nhan vien tai 40 cdng ty dich vy lir hanh ttdn dia ban nghien ciru.
Khung nang lyc nghe nghiep dugc xay dung dya vao ca sd ly thuyet ve nang lyc, luge khao cac nghien cuu lien quan, va thao luan nhdm chuygn gia; nd bao gdm 19 yeu td thugc tinh ciia 3 nhdm nhan td. Ket qua phan tich khung nang luc nghe nghifp ciia nhan vien thdng qua cudc khao sat 3 nhom dap vien trdn dugc the hien qua mgt vai diem chinh sau day:
Ket qua k h a o sat c a b a n da dat d p tin cay v e p h u o n g p h a p c h o n m a u , tiep can d a p vien; day la khau q u a n trgng cua thiet ke nghien c u u , dac biet la nghien c u u p h a n tich k h u n g n a n g Iuc n g h e n g h i e p . Boi vi, ket qua thu d u g c tir khung n a n g lyc n g h e nghiep se tro thanh m o hinh nghien ctiu cho cac nghien ciiu tiep theo ve d a n h gia n a n g lyc n g h e n g h i e p trong ITnh vuc lii hanh.
Kdt qua phan tich khung nang lyc nghe nghiep cua nhan vien chi ra rang, nhdm nhan to thai dg duac phan Idn dap vien quan tam nhat the hien nang lyc ciia nhan vign, kg Ugp la nhdm nhan td ky nang va sau cimg la nhan td kien thiic. Bdi vi, trong the giai phang hien nay viec tiep nhan kien
Tdp 54, So 7D (2018) 155-163 thiic chuyen mon, nghiep -vy d l i vdi nhan vien kha da dang va thuan tien hon Vi vay, doi hdi nhan vien can ren luyen nang lyc thieng vg thai do, trach nhiem va ky nang lam viec nhieu hon.
Xuat phat tir kgt qua khao sat va phan tich neu tren, cac nghien ciiu tiep theo cd the kg thira khung nang lyc nghe nghiep thu dugc de thyc hien danh gia nang luc nghg nghiep trong ITnh lii hanh trgn dia ban nghien cuu rdng ban; Bdn canh dd, trong phan tich danh gia nang luc nghe nghiep ciing can chii y den sy anh hudng ciia cac yeu to ca nhan cua khach hang nhu gidi tinh, do tudi, trinh do hgc van, nghe nghiep, sd lugt sir dung dich vu lir hanh trong nam.
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