HINH THANH VAN HOA DOI MOI TRONG HOAT DONG KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE
Vu Thi Cam Thanh Le Thu HiTffng Torn tat: Doi mdi c6 vai tro rat quan trpng trong hoat dong khoa hoc vd cong nghe. Tuy nhien, doi mai khong phdi la mot quy trinh co thi sao chip mot each ca hoe, may moc tir nai ndy sang nai khdc, tir chu thi ndy sang chii the khdc. Yeu to quyet dinh thdnh cong trong hoat dong doi mai Id vdn hoa chu khong phdi Id ddu tu hay ca sa vat chdt hay quyet dinh chinh trt cua quoc gia chu qudn. Tren ca sa do, bdi viit bdn ve khdi niem vdn hoa doi mai, tdm quan trpng cua viec hinh thdnh vdn hoa doi mai nhin nhdn tie nhirng rdo cdn vd su thay doi chinh sdch khoa hpc vd cong nghi vd de xudt nhimg khuyen nghi nhdm hinh thdnh vdn hoa doi mdi.
Tir khda: Khoa hpc vd cong nghi; doi mat; vdn hoa doi mdi.
Mo-dau
Hien nay, trong xu the phat trien nan kinh ta tri thuc, tai nMau quoc gia tren the gidi, doi mm la hoat dgng kh6ng the tach roi cua hoat dgng khoa hgc va cong nghe. Tu lau, no da dugc coi la cMa khoa, nhan t6 quyet dinh nang suat, chat lugng, gia tn gia tang ciia san pham, hang hoa, dich vu, tao nen tang de tang cuong nang luc canh tranh ciia mgt qu6c gia, doanh nghiep hoac mgt to chiic va hudng nan kinh te phat trien mgt each ban viing.
He th6ng doi mdi la tap hgp tat ca cac tha che va CO cha (c6ng va tu), tuang tac vdi nhau da kich tMch va h6 trg cho cac doi mdi san pham va quy tritih hong nen kinh te quoc dan.
Trong boi canh hgi nhap sau vdi the gidi hien nay, Viet Nam kh6ng con lya chgn nao khac la tang nang suat lao dgng qua d6i mdi sang tao.
Thyc te da khang dinh rang, doi m&i khong phdi Id mot quy trinh qudn ly khoa hgc vd cong nghe co the sao chep duae. Bang chiing la rat nMeu nude d chau Au, Nhat Ban, Han QuIc va Trung Quoc da danh nhieu cong sire cho viec ban thao va xay dyng cac thung liing Silicon d nude minh. Ngay ca cac nude chau Phi cung nhap cugc vdi hao luu xay dyng thung liing Silicon. Nhung tat ca deu khong dat dugc kit qua nhu mong dgi. Dii &\iqc dau tu
Idn, lihung su that bai cua cac khu cong nghe cao, cong vien khoa hgc, thanh pho khoa hgc, vudn uom doanh ngMep va cac thung liing dii loai... d cac nude di sau, trong d6 cd Viet Nam, la mgt thuc te. Cac khu cong nghe cao cop nhat cac mo Mnh ngoai lai dugc coi la thanh cong, tuy nhien con s i nay rat it, deu tap hgp dugc ngudi d cac m6 hinh goc, hoac it rihat cung hi cac nude c6 cac m6 Mnh do, den to chirc va lam viec. Dieu nay ngu y rang, chinh van hoa md nhirng nguai ndy mang lai mai la yeu to quyet dinh thdnh cong, chit khong phdi Id ddu tu hay ca sa vat chdt hay quyet dinh chinh tri ciia quoc gia chu qudn.
1. Khai niem van hoa doi moi trong hoait dgng Idioa hoc va cong nghe
Tir dinh nghTa dau tian ve d6i mdi dugc Joseph Schumpeter, nha kinh ta ngudi Ao, dua ra vao nam 1934 den nay", da c6 rat nhieu ngMen cuu ve d6i Trong nghien cim ve The theory of economic development an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, inlerest and the business cycle fl934), 6ng dinh nghia "Doi moi la qua trinh thuong mai hoa nhung yeu to moi hoac sii ket hgp nhirng yeu to cu trong cac to chirc cong nghiep, lien quan toi vat lieu mdi, quy trinh moi, thi tmdng mdi, hoac ca cau to chuc mdi, phan Idn dugc khdi xudng bdi ong chu doanh nghiep"
(Schumpeter, 1934).
PHAT T R | £ N B ^ N V L / N G VLJNG QUYtN 8, SC 1 (3/2018)
LY LUAN - TRAO DOI
mdi ban ve khai niem, ban chat va vai tro cua doi mdi. Cac nghien curu da cM ra hai khia canh trung tam cua d6i mdi: (1) Doi mdi san phdm va (2) Doi mdi c6ng nghe. Dinh nghia ciia To chirc Hgp tac va Phat trian Kinh ta (OECD) dugc coi la kha day du: "£)di mai la viec trien khai mgt san pham (hang h6a hoac dich vu), mgt quy trinh mdi hoac cai tian Idn hoac mgt phuong phap tiep thj mdi hoac mgt phuong phap t6 chirc mdi hong thyc tien kinh doanh, to chiic cong viec hoac quan he doi ngoai"
(OECD, 2005). Theo dd, doi mdi san phdm va quy trinh c6ng nghe bao gom cac san pham, quy trinh mdi va cong nghe va cac cai tien cong nghe dang ke trong san phdm va quy trinh. Mgt d6i mdi san pham va quy trinh cong nghe dugc thuc hien neu no dua dugc ra thi truong (doi mdi san pham) hoac
dugc sir dung trong quy hinh s^n xuat (doi mdi quy trinh) (OECD, 2005). D6i mdi san pham va quy trinh c6ng nghe bao gom mgt loat hoat dgng khoa hgc, cong nghe, t6 chiic, tai chinh va thuong mai.
D6i mdi la mgt qua trinh dien ra d nMeu cdp do khac nhau: cap do ca nhan, cap dg t l chiic, cdp do nganh/mang ludi, cap dg xa hgi (m6 hinh quIc gia khdi nghiep la mgt vi du), va cap do quoc tl (Hinh I). Phan Idn cac qu6c gia phat trian mgt Hf thdng d6i mdi quoc gia (National Innovation Systems) dl thiic ddy m6i lian kat giiia cac chii thi va the che lien quan tdi khoa hgc, cong nghe va doi mdi nhu doanh nghiep, truong dai hgc/vien nghien cuu va chinh phii.
Hinh 1: HE SINH T H A I DOI M 6 I V 6 I C A C CAP D Q VA CHU THE KHAC NHAU
Ngudn: Vincent-Lancrin, S. (2012).
Khat khao doi mdi sang tao va tinh thdn khdi nghiep d Viet Nam cao thii 7 thi gidi chi sau Dan Mach, Nam Phi, Thai Lan, Anh, Trung QuIc va An Do, nhung lam thi nao dl biln khat khao do thanh thyc ta, bien d6i mdi sang tao trd thanh van hoa d Viet Nam la mgt van dl khong de giai quylt trong thoi gian ngan. Nhimg thanh cong va thdt bai hr nhirng kinh nghiem quoc tl lian quan din ddi mdi dan tdi sy can thiet phai c6 nhung hieu bilt toan dien va sau sac hon vl vdn dl nay^.
Trong bao cao The Culture of Innovation and the Building of Knowledge Societies nam 2003, UNESCO danh gia cac quan diem ve doi mdi tmdc day lap tning 6k cao khia canh
Trong bao cao Vdn hoa doi m&i vd xay dung xa hoi tri thuc nam 2003, UNESCO chinh thirc cap nhap khai niem "Van hoa d6i mdi" vao cac van de thao luan cua t6 chiic de de xuat mgt co cha linh hoat, dua ra cac hudng din can thiet giiip cac chinh phii, cac to chuc dan sy, khu vyc tu va cac ca nhan CO the giai quyet cac qua trinh d6i mdi. Trong bao cao Toan canh Khoa hoc, Cong nghe vd Cong nghiep nam 2014, OECD khdng dinh, dii mdi bi tac dgng bdi hanh vi, cac gia tri va chuan myc van hoa - xa hgi, d do cac quan niem cong dong ve khoa hgc, cong nghe va kmh t6 ciia doi moi (UNESCO, 2003).
PHAT T R I E N B E N V U N G V O N G Q U Y S N 8, S6 1 (3/2018)
Vu Thi Cam Thanh - LS Thu Hinmg
khoa hgc, cong nghe, va doanh nghiep dong vai hd quan trgng.
Vdn hoa doi mai de cap dan nhiing niem tin, gia tri, nguyen tdc ngdm, mgt kiau each tin nguang va hy vgng dugc cac thanh vien trong mgt cong ding (c6 thi d cap do t6 chuc va quIc gia) cung cMa se. No bao quat mgt pham vi rgng each ling xir trong hoat dgng khoa hgc va cong nghe: cac phuang phap san xuat, ky nang ngha nghiep va tri thirc ky thuat, thai do d6i vdi cac quy dinh cua t6 chuc; cac thoi quen va tap quan ling xu trong doi mdi, nhiing myc tieu dang quan tam, each tien hanh hoat dgng phat triln va khai thac cac y tudng mdi, qua trinh hgc bdi va kham pha ve cac san pham mdi, quy trinh cua t6 chiic.
Mac dii CO nhiau quan diem khac nhau va each phan nhdm cac yau t6 cau thanh mgt nan van hoa, nhung tuu chung cac tac gia deu nhin nhan cau tnic van hoa bao gom nhiau tang, Idp tha Men nhung gia tn khac nhau dugc bieu hien bdng nhiing dau Meu khac nhau ve kha nang nhan biat (Schein, F.D., 2004; Johnson G., 2007).
Van hoa co tha dugc chia thanh ba cap dg khac nhau, xet theo miic do nhan thuc tir hien tugng den ban chat ciia mgt nen van hda. Ba cap do dd bao g6m:
- Cdp do bieu hien ciia vdn hoa, the Men qua viec ta nhan thuc cac vat mang van hda. Lop nay bao gom tat ca nhirng hien tugng va sy vat ma mgt ngudi cd the nhin, nghe va cam nhan khi tiep xuc vdi mgt nan van hoa.
- Cdp do gid tri, chuan muc: La nhiing gia tri dugc tuyan b6, bao gom niem tin, mong udc, ly tudng, nguyen tdc c6t yau da hudng ddn cho cac thanh vian each thiic doi pho vdi nhiing tinh hudng ling xii (VI du: trung thanh hay nhiet tinh, on dinh hay sang tao).
- Cdp do triet ly, gid tri cot loi, nguyen ly ca bdn: La nhirng quan niem chung, dugc hinh thanh, tin tai trong m6t thai gian dai, an sau vao tam ly
cua hau hat thanh vian trong nan van hda do va h d thanh diau mac nhien dugc cong nhan.
2. T^m quan trgng cua vi|c hinh thanh van hoa doi moi: nhan thirc tir nhimg rao can v^ sir thay doi chinh sach khoa hgc va cdng ngh^
Doi mdi doi hoi sy phat trian va di dgng ciia nhieu ky nang trong cac t6 chiic va xa hgi. Cac yau cdu can thilt cho su dii mdi bao gIm: (i) He th6ng tri thiic ve khoa hgc va cong nghe; (ii) Tu duy sang tao; (hi) Dac diam xa hgi va hanh vi (vi dy: su ty tin, chap nhan riii ro, sy lanh dao, lam viec nhdm va thai do dli vdi su thay dli). Van hoa d6i mdi cd tha chiu anh hudng bdi cac gia tri, chuan myc va hanh vi ciia timg xa hgi, hong do cac quan niem chung v l khoa hgc, c6ng nghe va doanh nghiep ddng vai hd quan trgng.
Mac dii doi mdi cd vai tro quan trgng dli vdi sy phat trien kinh te ben viing va thiic day sy cai thien chat lugng cugc song, nhung vdn ton tai khoang each nhan thirc va thai do dli vdi vdn de nay. OECD da tien hanh khao sat nhan thirc cong ding tai nhilu qu6c gia va chi ra rang: da so mgi ngudi cd cai nhin tich cue v l vai trd cua khoa hgc va cong nghe d6i vdi su thinh vugng ciia minh, nhung van co s6 lugng dang ka cac quan diem tieu eye hoac trung hda ve cac anh hudng cua nghien ciiu khoa hgc (Bieu 1).
Tir quan sat hanh vi va gia tri van hda ciia ca nhan va cac to chiic trong cac qua trinh chuyen doi noi chung va qua trinh doi mdi ndi rieng, cd the liet ka cac rao can thanh cac nhdm nhu sau (Giap Van Duong, 2015):
- Rdo cdn tit cd nhdn: Ban tinh ciia con ngudi ndi chung la ngai thay ddl va sg that bai m6i khi thay doi. Con ngudi con la mgt sinh vat cd ly tri, va it nhat ciing cd dugc mgt phan cua y chi tu do, nen con ngudi cd kha nang ty thay doi, thuong the hien bang cac quylt dinh va lya chgn, va he qua la hanh dgng cd the nhan biet dugc. Nhung mgt sy thay doi nhu vay lu6n gap phai can trd cua luat quan tinh. Vdi con ngudi thi dd la quan tinh tam ly cua ca nhan, va sau do la quan tinh van hda ciia xa hgi.
PHAT T R I E N B ^ N VCTNG VUNG QUYtN 8, SO 1 (3/2018)
LV LUAN-TRAO B(5l
Bllu 1: NHAN THlTC CHUNG VE LOI ICH CUA KHOA HOC
• Lcri (ch nh)6u han h^i
• Hat nhl6u hwn Ig-i ich
• L p i Ich nhi6u hon h^i mW chiit • Hgi nhlAu ho-n Ig'i Ich mOl d
•KhAns biet
Nguon: OECD (2013).
- Rdo cdn tir dong nghiep: Hg ciing khong muon thay doi nhu tat ca mgi ngudi. Vi tha, hg se tim each chdng doi, hoac it nhdt la khong img hg, d ngay giai doan khdi dau. Giao due mgt dau 6c edi md va khdng dinh kian cd vai trd song cdn trong viec nudi duang tinh thdn d l i mai sang tao ciia cong dong. Ben canh quan tinh tam ly va quan tinh van hda thi su can trd cua cac dong nghiep cdn cd the den tir Miilu nguyan nhan khac, nhu xung dot Igi ich hoac ganh ti... Neu sy doi mdi lam anh hudng den Igi ich cua mgt ai d6 hong t6 chiic, thi dli Igi ich chung cd tang lan thi mgt s i ngudi cd loi ich bi anh hudng cOng se tim each chong pha. Day la ly do vi sao he thong doanh nghiep nha nude, sau bao nhieu nam hd hao phai thay doi ma ket qua khong dat dugc bao nhieu, bdi mgt su thay doi nhu vay se anh hudng din quyln Igi ciia mgt so ngudi chu chdt.
- Rdo cdn tit to chitc: TMet ka cua td chiic tai thoi diam ra ddi thudng nham dap img nhiing muc tiau tai thdi diem dd va theo hinh dung cua nha lanh dao khi do. Nhung theo thdi gian, hoan canh ben ngoai thay ddi, thi co cau va co che cu se kh6ng cdn dap ung dugc nhirng thay d6i nay nlu khong duoc diau chinh thoa dang. Bk qua hinh doi mdi dugc thyc hien, khong cd each nao khac la phai ddi mdi ban than t l chiic hudc hit, thong qua thay ddi co cau va co chi van hanh ciia chinh no.
- Rdo cdn tit kien thitc: Qua trinh ddi mdi sang tao dugc thyc hien, khdng cd each nao khac la phai dli mdi ban than to chiic trade hit, thdng qua thay d6i CO cau va co cha van hanh cua chinh no. Sir thieu hyt ve tri thirc thudng bieu Men ra ngoai thirc te bang mgt nhan djnh: chdt lugng nhan lyc kh6ng dap ling dugc yau cau. Vi vay, nang cao chat lugng nhan lyc, bang each dao tao va bdi duong lien tuc, va xa hon la bien to chiic ciia minh thanh mgt t6 chuc hgc tap, la each duy nhat de vugt qua rao can ve kien thirc nay.
- Rdo cdn tic vdn hoa xa hoi: Day ciing chinh la ly do vi sao ma cac m6 hinh doi mdi sang tao dien hinh tran the gidi, nhu thung Mng Sihcon, Israel...
dli dugc nghian cuu rat ky lai rat khd thanh cong khi nhan ban tai cac mdi tradng khac. Ly do chinh la vi chiing khdng thich hgp vdi van hda ban dja.
Cac hoat dgng ddi mdi chi cd the dugc coi la thanh cong neu dugc sy tiap nhan va img hg ciia xa hpi.
Tuy nhian, su tiep nhan hay tir chdi nay trade het phu thugc vao viec nd cd phii hgp vdi phdng nen van h6a sdn cd hay khdng. Ve ban chdt, doi mcfi sang tao bao gid ciing gan lien vdi cai mdi, con van hda la nhung thii da dinh hinh, da ton tai lau dai. Vi the, xung dot giira cai cii va cai mdi la dieu khd tranh khdi.
- Rdo cdn tit thi che: (5 Viet Nam, cac hd ng?i chinh ma nhieu doanh ngMep thudng xuyan gap
30 P H A T T R | 6 N B E N V U - N G V O N G Q U Y S N 8, so 1 (3/2018)
Vu Thi cim Thanh - Le Thu Hircmg Hinh thanh van hda doi m6i...
phai khi tiln hanh dli mdi la: chinh sach nha nude tMeu on dinh (80%), thiau cac moi lien kit vdi cac ddi tac (78%), khong san sang ve ngudn nhan lyc cho doi mdi (77%), trong dd dang chii y la rao can do kmh ngMem quan tri chua rihilu va nang lyc v l ddi mdi chua cao (69%). Riii ro hong doi mdi sang tao cao va thilu bao hg cua phap luat ciing la rao can Idn (70%) (Phung Xuan Nha va Le Quan, 2013). Tien hanh ddi mdi d cap do bao triun nhat, tuc ddi mdi v l thi che kinh te - chinh tri, la yeu cau bat bugc. Nau khong, cac boat ddng ddi mdi trong cac linh vyc chuyan biet ciing cM la cac boat dgng nhd le, thiau lien ket va khong tao ra tac dgng dang ke nao.
Nhan thiic dugc su tac dgng ctia van hoa tdi hoat ddng khoa hgc, c6ng nghe va doi mdi, van hda ddi mdi da va dang la mgt muc tieu cMnh sach tai Bi va Tay Ban Nha. Cac quoc gia nay da tMat lap mdt chuang trinh quIc gia nhdm Thiic ddy van hda khoa hgc va ddi mdi (A National Programme for the Promotion of Scientific Culture and Innovation).
Bieu 2: SO SANH MtTC DO UU TIEN CHO XAY DUNG VAN HOA DOI MOI GIOA CAC NOI DUNG CHINH SACH KHOA HQC, CONG NGHE VA DOI U6l GIAI DOAN 2012 - 2014
De tang cudng nhan thiic, cac quoc gia da ap dung da dang bien phap. Ciing vdi cac bien phap nhan thirc trayln thdng: td chiic cac sy kien quoc te nhu cac cugc gap mat thudng nian cua Hiep hgi My ve Tian bg Khoa hgc do Canada td chirc nam 2013 va cac tudn ll Khoa hgc to chiic tai Australia, Bi, Brazil, Phap, Thuy Diln, Chau Phi,..., nMeu bien phap khac ciing dang dugc ap dyng. Cac bien phap chinh sach dugc ap dung cho cac nhdm cu the nhu phu nu (Phong trao Phu nir hong Khoa hgc va Ky thuat tai My), nhung ngudi he tuoi tai nang, thu hep khoang each c6ng nghe, xay dyng bg nguyan tac khoa hgc,... Tuy nMen, miic do gia tang nhan thiic va d6i mdi hong doanh nghiep van cdn cham d nMeu quoc gia. Cac nd lyc tap trung chii yau d phia cMnh phu. Do dd, nhieu qudc gia nhu Dan Manh, Phan Lan, Tho Nhi Ky, Slovenia, Thuy SI,... gia tang cac boat ddng trong cac tradng, vien de thiic day tinh than ddi mdi sang tao ciia doanh ngMep d ngudn nhan lyc tuong lai.
Nguon: OECD (2014) (True hodnh the hien cdc noi dung chinh sdch duae dieu tra trong bdo cdo OECD STI Outlook 2014. True tung the hien so luang cdc quoc gia tham gia khdo sdt).
3. Khuyen nghi nham hinh thanh van hda sh\ mdi
Ddi mdi dang dan dugc hieu la mdt qua trinh mang tinh van hda va xa hgi cao. Nhu da da cap d tren, ngay cang nhiau nghian ciru va chinh sach tap trung vao mdi lien he giiia ddi mdi tharih cong va su thich img ciia nd vdi mdt td chiic va xa h^i cy the. Do dd, thir nhdt, chia khda chinh de xay dung
van hda ddi mdi phai khdi dau bang viec hieu khai niem mdi ve ddi mdi - van hda ddi mdi: dat tdi sy can bang giiia ban chat cdng nghe va ban chat xa hgi cita cac qua trinh ddi mdi; thir hai, cac chu tha ddi mdi d cac cap do tir ca nhan, td chitc va chinh phii can hieu dugc ban chat ciia cau tnic van hda ddi mdi. Nhu da da cap hong muc 2, mgt nan van hda cd cau tnic gom cac tdng, bac khac nhau cd
PHAT T R I S N BtN V Q N G V U N G Q U Y £ N 8, SQ 1 (3/2018) 31
LY LUAN - TRAO D6\
mdi quan he mat thilt frong do cac tdng hiat ly, quan dilm va gia hi the Men ban chat ciia nen van hda, quy dinh nen nhiing bilu hien, thai do, hanh vi ciia ca nhan, to chirc, va the che d tang ba mat.
Nhiing no lyc doi mdi se khdng thanh cdng neu nhiing hilt ly va quan dilm nay khong cd vii cho nd.
Nhu vay, d l hinh thanh van hoa ddi mdi, mdt ha thing ddi mdi phai xay dung hen cac quan diam sau:
- Bdi mai la mot mang luai co djnh huang: Md hinh mang ludi va lien kit he thdng mo ta he thong cac ylu td lien quan den ddi mdi cdng nghe, nhung dat doanh nghiep d vi tri tmng tam, khu vyc vien, tradng, cac t l chirc xa hgi dan sy va co quan nha nude la nhiing tac nhan hd trg quan hgng. Md hinh dd dugc ky vgng: (i) Hd trg doanh nghiep trade sy tang lian tuc cM phi R&D do vdng ddi san pham ngdn dl, riii ro gdn liln vdi dli mdi va ap dung ket qua R&D ciia doanh nghiep tang len; (ti) Hd hg doanh nghiep tien hanh ngMen cuu, cung nhu de hieu ro hon nhu cdu cdng nghe, thong tin cdng nghe, lam chu va cai bien cdng nghe nhap. Tir do, doanh nghiep cd nhiing chiln luge phat trien phu hgp vdi mdi tradng canh tranh ngay cang khdc liet, ciing nhu dua ra nhiing cdng nghe, san pham mdi dap ling nhu cau cua xa hgi; (iii) Duy tri va nang cao Igi thi canh hanh hong viec tiau thu san pham, md rgng mang ludi tieu thu, thu hiit va sii dung cd hieu qua cac yeu td san xuat nham dat Igi ich kinh t l cao va dam bao su phat trien kinh te ben viing.
Doanh nghiep la noi tap hgp, dau mdi cua cac lien kat dien ra trong qua trinh phat trien cdng nghe.
- Doi m&i bao gom cdc khia canh khoa hoc - cong nghe, kinh te. xa hoi vd vdn hoa- Trong hau het cac hudng hgp, ddi mdi khdng phai la mdt qua trinh tuan theo cac phuong trinh tuyen tinh. Su dung hieu irng ddng bg ciia mgt dan nhac, sy ddi mdi thyc su thudng dat dugc bdi mdt nhom - "vdi cac thanh vien choi nhirng nhac cu khac nhau"
dem tdi sy khac biet hoac ddc nhat de giai quylt van de.
- Doi mai Id ve tn thitc. Bat cii quan dilm nao va van hda ddi mdi cung lien he chat che vdi khai
niem xa hgi hi thiic. Ddi mdi thuc sy yeu cau nhiing con ngudi sang tao din dau sy phat triln kinh tl va xa hgi bdng each ap dung tri thiic vao cdng viec. Trong bdt cii truong hgp nao, ddi mdi luon la su chuyan sau tri thirc.
- Doi mai vd sang tao tri thirc lay con nguai Idm trung tdm: Khoa hgc va cdng nghe khdng bao gid cd thi thay thi dugc sy tuong tac xa hoi va nang lyc con ngudi. Cac kha nang cua con ngudi nhu: (i) Nang lyc nhan thiic; (ii) Nang lyc ddi mdi;
(iii) Nang lyc tMch nghi; (iv) Nang lyc tilp thu; (v) Nang lyc kit noi va (vi) Nang luc tich hgp (Via Thi Cam Thanh, 2014) la thanh td chinh cua xa hoi hi thirc. Do dd, tdt ca qua trinh ddi mdi va cMnh sach phai idy con ngudi lam hung tam.
- Doi mai vd sdng tao Id tiep can ddi han:
Tmdc day, cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach tap trung vao cac khia canh ngdn ban - dugc ggi la canh tranh toan cdu. Tuy nhian. Men nay, van hoa ddi mdi phai dugc hmh thanh dya hen tiep can chiln luge cu thi va ro rang, dya han nguyen tJc ty quan dan chu va cdi md.
- Doi m&i CO moi quan h^ khong the tdch rai vai gido due: Van hda ddi mdi am cM vS nhan thiic cua ngudi dan ve nhu cau can thiat ciia giao due de thiic day va tdi da hda Igi ich tiem nang ciia qua trinh ddi mdi khoa hgc va cong nghe.
Dac biet, tmdng dai hgc vdi tu each la mot to chiic khoa hoc va cdng nghe, la mdt trong bo ba cac thanh phan co ban ciia he thong ddi moi.
Tmdng Dai hgc mdt mat ciing phai xay dyng van hda ddi mdi cho chinh minh trong hoat ddng ben tao tri thitc, ddng thdi cung cap ngudn nhan liJC cao d l phuc vu ddi mdi sang tao hong doanh nghiep. Xay dyng van hda ddi mdi cd vai ho ral quan hgng trong viec phat huy tinh lian thong. Hen ket, chia se ngudn lyc giiia cac td chirc con va ddng thdi khac phuc nhiing ton tai, mau diuan, xung dot lam anh hudng, can trd qua trinh phat toSn ben vimg.
Cudi Cling, nhdm tac gia xin dua ra mot s6 khuyan nghi ve cac co cha d l hinh thatih van hoa ddi mdi tai cac quoc gia nhu sau: i) Tang cudng
32 PHAT T R I ^ N B E N VIJNG V D N G Q U Y S N 8, SG 1 (3/2018)
Vu Thj Cam Thanh - L§ Thu Hinrng Hinh thanh van hoa doi m ^ . . .
quan tri c o n g c h o h e t h d n g d 6 i mcri sang tao; ii) la c h u d e m d i vcd cac n u a c p h a t trien tren t h e gioi, T i n g c u o n g n g u S n n h a n lire cho d6i m o i s a n g t a o ; tuy n h i e n lai 14 m o i m e d6i v m b6i c a n h V i e t N a m . iii) T a n g c u o n g h e thSng d 6 i m o i sang tao trong D o d o , phai Idp t h o i nSm bSt nhiing q u y luat nhan d o a n h n g h i e p : dat d o a n h n g h i e p v a o trung t a m ciia *H'= " ' Sop P i t o thay d a i c a c chinh s a c h phii h o p h ? t h d n g dSi m o i s a n g t a o ; iv) N a n g cao d o n g g o p •>h™.tM<: ^V M t h o n g d o i m o i . D o n g thoi, viec cua c a c trucmg d a i h o c v a c o s o nghien c u u n h a ^^ ™ ^ ' '=*'= » " '^^^^ " ^ '^^^ ^' '^"^ ™ ™ S "^f"
thirc ve d d i m d i sang tao v a tao lap hanh vi, c h u a n m y c , gia tri trong ddi m d i khoa h g c va c d n g n g h e K e t l u 3 n se g o p p h a n thiic d a y s y p h a t trien ciia n e n k i n h t l - n u o c .
V i e c n g h i e n ciiu v l x a y d u n g v a n h d a d d i m d i ^^ •' trong boat d d n g khoa hgc v a c d n g n g h e k h d n g b a n
Tai li^u t h a m khao
1. Giap Van Duong (2015). Nhimg rdo cdn cho doi m&i sdng tao, http://www.giapvan iQfo/2015/02/nhung-rao-can- cua-oi-moi-sang-tao.html.
2. Johnson G. (2007). Exploring Corporate Strategy. Prentice Hall.
3. OECD (2005). The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data' Oslo Manual, Third Edition do nhom cong tac gom cac chuyen gia quoc gia ve chi bao khoa hoc va cong nghe cua OECD soan thao.
4. OECD (2014). Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2014
5. OECD (2013). Bdng diem Khoa hoc, Cong nghi vd Cong nghiep cua OECD nam 2013. Doi mai de phdt trien.
Nxb OECD, Pans.
6. Philng Xuan Nha va Le Quan (2013). Doi mdi sang tao ciia doanh nghiep Viet Nam. Tap chi Khoa hpc, Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Noi, chuyen san Kinh tl va Kinh doanh. Tap 29, s i 4, 1 -11.
7. Schein, F.D (2004). Corporate Culture and Leadership. JosseyBass Publisher.
8. Schumpeter, J.A (1934). The theory of economic development: an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest and the business cycle, Havard Economic Studies, Vol 46, harvard College, Cambridge, MA.
9. UNESCO (2003). The Culture of Innovation and the Building of Knowledge Societies.
10. Vincent-Lancrin, S. (2012). Towards a culture of innovation- motors and brakes Presentation to India-OECD Initiative Collaborative Workshop on Education and Innovation, New Delhi (India), May 09-10.
11. Vu Thi Cam Thanh (2014). Van dung ly thuyet to chitc hpc hoi vdo vi^c ndng cao ndng luc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep trong dieu kien kinh te thi truong vd hoi nhap quoc te. De tai cap ca so, Truong Dai hoc Khoa hoc xa hgi va nhan van.
Thong tin tac gia:
1. Vu Thi Cdm T h a n h , Th.S Ngay nhan bai: 11/9/2017 - Don VI cong tac. Tmdng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi Ngay nhan ban sua: 3/12/2017 va Nhan van Ng^y duyet dang: 26/1/2018 - Dia chi email: [email protected]
2. L I Thu H u o n g , Th S
- Don vi cong tac: Trung tam Ho trg nghiep vu dang ky kinh doanh. Cue Quan ly dang ky kinh doanh, Bg Ke hoach va Dau tu
- Dja chi email: [email protected]
PHAT TRISN B£N VONG VUNG QUYEN 8, s6 i (3/2018)
