HgiBJa 1^ vk Tki nguyen Mfii trm^-ng Thiia Thien H u i Hoi Dja ly Vigt Nam
Danh gia canh quan cho phat trien du Ijch bin vung tinh Phu Tho
B$ng Thi Hue', L>> Trpng B^i' Abstract
Landscape evaluation for sustainable tourism development of phu Iho province Phu Tho has abundant tourism resources in both nature and human These are advantages in making important preconditions for developing several tourism types such as: ecotounsm, community tourism, cultural and spiritual tourism.. Overal assessment resulted that the low and medium mountain areas in the south, southwest and the plain areas alternating the residual mountains along the valley of the Lo, Da, Chay rivers are very favourable for tourism development. Sub-regional landscape of the hills bowl in the northeast is suitable average for tourism development
l . D ^ T V A N B E
Pho Thg nam d Irung lam mien BSc Viet Nam, la cita ngd ndi lien giira cac tinh mien nui phia TSy B3c vdi thu do Ha Npi ya cac tinh d d n g b i n g BAC Bg, noi day la kinh dd dau tien cua N h a nudc V3n Lang, manh dat cgi ngudn ciia ngudi Lac Viet.
Vdi nhihig Igi the ve canh quan thien nhien kha da dsing va phong phii Phii T h p la mgt trong nhBng tinh trung du m i l n mii giau t i l m nang v l du Ijch, vdi nhieu loai hinh du Ijch: tham quan, nghi dudng, chira benh, du lich sinh thai, du ljch van hda tam linh.... Nhieu danh lam thSng canh ky thii, hip dan nhu dam Ao ChSu, v u d n qudc gia Xuan Son, n u d c khoang n o n g Thanh Thiiy..., dac biet la quan t h i di tich van hda dac biet ciia qudc gia khu di tfch Ijch sii Den Hiing. M d i ngudi Viet Nam du la ngudi trong n u d c hay kieu bao n u d c ngoai d l u h u d n g v l dal T d - q u e cha dat m?, m o n g co ngay hanh huong ve day.
Tat c^ nhii'ng di tich va danh lam thang canh nay da trd thanh nhiing tuyen, diem du Ijch hap dSn khach du Ijch trong n u d c va qudc t l . D 6 la d i l u ki^n thu§n lgi de khai thac phat trien nganh du ljch, tSng ty trgng nganh du Iich trong tdng gia trj kinh te dja p h u a n g . L u g n g khach du lich den Phii Thg khdng ngirng tSng q u a cac nam dat 350.000 lugt (2009), keo Iheo dd la sy tang t r u d n g manh ve doanh thu ciia nganh. T r o n g giai do^n 2005-2010, ti irgng d d n g gdp ciia nganh du Ijch trong co cSu GDP da tSng 2,6%, ddng gdp vao tdng G D P ciia toan tinh dat 1181,4 ti dong, chiem 2 3 , 3 % G D P toan nganh djch vy [8], Du lich d u g c coi la nganh kinh te quan trpng cua tinh Phii Thp va trong nhirng nam gan day (dac bi?t giai do^n 2005 -2010) da cd nhiing chuyen bien rd ret va d d n g vai trd quan trgng trong tong gia tri kinh t l cua loan tinh.
Vi?c nghien ciiii danh gia cac canh quan t y nhien la rSt ckn thilt vi nd true t i l p tao nen cac t h i n g canh va cac tai nguyen du ljch t y nhien dac sac, va cdn cat nghTa vi sao ma td tien ta khdi nghiep tir manh dit dia linh nay, san sinh ra nen van hda dam da hi.i sac dan tgc Viet Nam ma hi^n nay cdn luu giii dugc nhimg di tich, di san vd cung quy gia. Day ciing la viec lam thiet thuc phuc vu cho viec phat triin du lich ben vihig dtinh Phu Thg.
2. N Q I D U N G
Khoa Dia li. DQI hQC Supham Ha Noi ' yi?n Dfa ly
OIA LY Tl/NHIEN, TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN VA MOI T R U 6 N G
Hgi Dja ly v^ Tai nguyen Moi Iru6ng Thiia Thicn Hui Hoi Bja l^ Vigi j ^
"Tai nguyen du ljch tu nhien gdm cac yeu td dia ch4t, dia hinh, dia mao, khi hau, thuy vim, h^
sinh thai, canh quan tu nhien dang dugc khai thac hoac c6 thi dugc sir dung phuc vu muc dich du lich".[4]
Cac loai tai nguyen du lich tu nhien khdng tdn tai ddc lap ma ton tai, phat trien trong cung mfii khdng gian lanh thd nhat djnh, cd mdi quan he qua lai tuong ho chat che, theo nhirng quy lual l^r nhien.
2.1. Tai nguyen dja hinh
Dia hinh la yeu to quan trong tao nen cac loai canh quan dac trung cho tirng vimg nhat dinh, Cac dang dja hinh da dang khac nhau tao nen sue hap dan du Ijch khac nhau, Phii Thg la mot tinh trung du phia Bic, tilp giap vdi tam giac chau ddng bang sdng Hong va cac day niii d ria phia Nam cua day nui Hoang Lien San. Dia hinh cQa Phu Thp thap d trung tam va cao dan ve phia tay - lay bk.
v l ihuc chit day la mat san bing cd tuong doi on dinh ve kien tao, da bj xam thuc chia cat tir lau va dang nim trong sir phat triin di xudng, bieu hien d cho cac dinh ddi ngay cang bi san bang, cac siron thoai hon va cac thung liing cang dugc md rdng. Nhu vay dia hinh Phii Thg kha da dang va phong phii, da tao nen nhilu canh quan thien nhien doc dao. Tuy nhien, chi mgt sd dang dia hinh dac tmng cua tinh Phii Thp hip din khach du lich la dia hinh mii da vdi vdi cac hang dgng (karst), dja hinh niii thap va dja hinh ddi dioai dang bat iip.
2.1.1. Dia hinh karst
Dia hinh karst la dia hinh dac trung cho vung nui da vdi, Dja hinh nay thudng tao nen cac khoi niii da vdi sot vdi cac vach da 1dm chdm hoac cac hang dong karst hip dan cho khach du ljch mao hilm, leo niii, kham pha hang dgng. Ci Phu Thp dang dja hinh nay kha hap dan d cac diem du lich sau;
- Hang Lgng: thudc vimg Xuan San, huyen Tan Son, day la hang ldn nhat, dai nhat trong so hang ddng thach nhii d Xuan Son. Hang an sau vao trong long nui Ten, cira ra vao hang nhin thang rai each ddng Mudng Lting. Vdm hang Lang cd chd cao den mudi lam, hai muoi met, chieu dai khoang 6000m. Chay dpc day hang la mgt con sudi ldn. Nhieu chd thach nhu budng xudng, qua hang trieu nam t^o nen mudn hinh dang nhu ngan van toa thd Phat, thd thin, Trong hang cd nhieu nhu da, mang da vdi nhieu hinh dpng khac nhau nhu hinh cac pho tugng vira gidng nhu ma quy, vira gidng nhu thSn linh. Nhii da d day khdng sin thanh mdt mau xam nhu nhieu hang ddng niii da vdi ma sang trang va s^g lip lanh rat ki la. Vdi sir ky dieu ciia thien nhien, da tao nen mdt ki quan de cho du khach tham quan chiemi nguong.
- Dgng Tiin: thudc xa Xuan San, huyen Tan Son, day la hang ngam trong long niii dai khoang 10km, trong dgng cd nhieu hinh thii tu nhien, mau sac lung linh huyen ao. Trong hang cd dudng th6ng gid len thing dinh nui, lam cho klidng klii trong lanh mat diu. Dgng Tien nam trong he thdng nui da vdi ciia vudn qudc gia Xuan San cung tam tang them do hap dan ddi vdi du kliach.
- Dgng Thir Thdn: thugc huyen Tan Son, la mdt hang agng rat ddc dao, ddng cd Idi xudng nho hep, thing dirng, chi dii mgt ngudi xudng nhung khi vao trong thi rit rgng, cd sue chira hang tram ngudi, trong hang co nhieu thach nhu dep long lay, cd thach nhii cao tdi 10m, khi go tiing keu vang ldn nhu tieng chuong vdi nhieu am thanh khac nhau.
2.L2. Dia hinh nui thap
- Niii Nghia Linh: Day la ngon niii cao nhit viing Phong Chau vdi do cao 175m so vdi niUC nudc bien. Dung tai dinh nui NghTa LTnh cd the phdng tam mil bao quat ca mdt vitng rgng Idn siiot tit
J t'/iC'^
Hoi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn thu 6; Thdnh phd Hue,
H§i Pj" ly ^^ Tki nguyen Moi lru-6ng Thiia Thien Hue Hoi Dja ly Viet Nam huy?n Phong Chau tdi nga ba Bach Hac (Viet Tri) vdi nhirng ddi niii san sat, hai ddng sdng Hdng va song Ld nhu hai dai lua dao bao lay mien irung tam ciia cd do xua.
- Niii Thdm: niii Tham cdn cd ten la nui Dau Rdng, dai khoang 4km chay dgc len khu du ljch Thanh Ba. Tren dinh niii cdn c6 ao Tien, nudc trong xanh, khdng bao gid can. Nui Thim la mdt Ihang canh d^p thu hiit kha ddng khach du Ijch.
2.L3. Dja hinh doi bat up 2.2. Tai nguyen khi hau 2.2.1. Cac yeu to Ithi hau
Bdng 1. Ddnh gid cdc chi lieu khi hgu sinh hgc ddi vdi eon ngirdi phuc vy du lich vd nghi dirang tinh Phit Thg [4]
Hans 1 2 3 4 5 Khi hau Phti
Thp
•i nghia Thich nghi Kha thich nghi Nong Rat nong lOiong thich nphi
Trgm Minh Dai Trgm Phij Ho Tram Viet Tri
Nhiel do TB nam fC)
1 8 - 2 4 2 4 - 2 7 2 7 - 2 9 2 9 - 3 2
> 3 2 22,5 23,1 23,3
l^hi^l do TB Ihang nong nhdl fC)
2 4 - 2 7 2 7 - 2 9 2 9 - 3 2 3 2 - 3 5
> 3 5 27,9 (VII) 28,3 (VII) 28,9 (VII)
Bien 36 ndm ciia nhicl do TB fC)
< 6 6 - 8 9 - 1 4 1 4 - 1 9
> 19 7,4 6,9 6,3
Luong mua ndm | (mm) 1 1500-1900 1 9 0 0 - 2 2 5 0
> 2250
<1250
> 6 5 0 1603,5 1850 1663 1 Tren ca so cac dac diem tu nhien khac, tien hanh phan tich ve dac diem khi hau ciia khu vuc nghien ciru ket hgp vdi bang danh gia chi tieu khi hau ddi vdi sue khde con ngudi cua cac hgc gia An Dp, cd thi thiy Phu Thg cd dieu kien khi hau thuan lgi cho phat trien du lich (bang 1).
Khi h(iu thdi tilt tac dgng len con ngudi mgt each tdng hgp, Nghien cii'u anh hudng ciia thai tilt doi vdi siic khde con nguai va dieu dudng, cac tac gia Vien Dia ly da de xuat chi tieu tong hgp - to hpp thdi tiet. Day la td hgp cua cac dac trung thdi tiet chinh cd anh hudng quan trgng den sire khde con ngudi, dugc xac dinh vao thdi diem 13 gid hang ngay: (bang 2)
Bdng 2. Chi tiiu khi hdu long hgp ddi vdi sue khoe, diiu duong [5]
Cac ngudng ddnh gid TTlIch hop Khonp thich hop
TCQ 22-30
> 3 0 UfA) 50-80 Nong
1 Ur/n)
50- 80 1 <50 1 Kho
V(ni/s) 1-3
< I va > 3
Suong mit Khong
C6 Ket qua danh gia tdng hgp cho thay, lugng may va so gid nang, tdc do gid, che do nhiet va am cua Phu Thg dlu rit thich nghi va kha thich nghi vdi sire khde con ngudi va kha thuan lgi cho hoat dpngdu ljch.
Ben canh nhiing dilu kien thdi tilt thu^n Igi, tai Phu Thg cdn l6n t^i mdt sd hien tugng thdi tilt d?c biet nhu suong mil, suong mudi, bao, mua da... nhung la nhirng hien tugng xay ra vdi tan suat Ididng cao, tuy nhien cung cd anh hudng phan nao den cac tai nguyen du Ijch va hoat dpng du lich, Trong dd, suong mii va ddng la hai hien tucmg nay thudng xay ra hon, sd ngay ddng d cac khu vuc ddi niii phia tay, phia nam cua tinh cao hon so vdi khu vuc ddng bang.
OIA LY Tl/NHIEN, TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN VA MOI TRLTONG
Hgi Bja 1» vi Tii nguyen Moi Iruong Thira Thien Hue H5i Pja ly Vi^t Na, 2.2.2. Phan viing khi h§u Phii Thi?
Khi h^u Phu Thg chia lam 2 khu vuc: khu vuc khi hau phia Bic va khu v^c khi hau phiaNai|
CJ mdi khu vuc khac ntiau thi cd cac mirc dp thich hgp khac nhau ddi vdi sire khoe con ngudi. ^ a. Khu v ^ khi hgu phia Bac (I): la khu v^c cd dja hinh chii yeu dudi 200m. Khu vyc khi h^u phia Bic cd the phan thanh 3 tieu khu.
D\{a vdo cdc sd liiu quan trdc ddi chiiu vdi cdc chi tieu khi hdu sinh hge cita con ngudi cd the nh^,.
thdy:
- Tiiu khu I,: d phia bic huyen Doan Himg, cd dja hinh <160m, khu vuc nay cd bien dp nhift tuong doi cao, lugng mua lai thip nhit trong tinh: 1500 - 1600 mm/nam. Cd the ndi khu vuc nay khong thich hgp lim cho viec nghi dudng.
- Tiiu khu Iy. d phia tay cac huyen H^ Hda, Thanh Ba, Cim Khe cd dja hinh < 600m, tdng lumig mua tuong doi Imi, khoang 1800mm/nam. Khi hau khu vuc nay mat me hon tilu khu lp Tilu khu naythji kha thich hgp cho cho du lich tham quan, nghi duong. Trong tieu khu cd Ha Hoa vdi dilm du Ijch Ao ChSu la noi cd phong canh d?p va khi hau trong lanh nen thu hiit kha ddng khach du Ijch den tham quan, nghi dudng t^i day.
- Tilu khu \-y. a phia ddng bao gom cac huj/^n Lam Thao, thanh phd Vi?t Tri, huy?n Tam Nongvi thj xa Phii Thg, cd dia hinh ^OOm, tieu khu nay gin tuong t\r nhu tieu khu 12, cung kha thich hi;^) cho vi?c nghi dudng.
b. Khu vuc khi hgu phia Nam (II): bao gdm cac huy?n Y6n Lap, Thanh Thuy-, Tan Son, Thanh Son. Dja hinh khu v\rc nay cao > 900m, nhilu nai cd dja hinh > 1200m nhung cijngcd dja hinh thap xen ke. Nhi?t do khu vyc nay thap han khu vuc phia bic, miia ddng keo dai han, dac biet la vitng nui cao, Miia he ndng am, mua nhilu va thdi tilt mat hem phia Bic. Khu vuc khi hau phia Nam cd 2 tieu kliu:
-Tiiu khu Up a phia ddng nam cua tinh bao gdm cac huy?n Thanh Thuy, ddng bic Thanh Son, Khi h^u cua tilu khu nay gidng nhu tieu khu h o khu vyc phia Bic nhung d day mat me hon phia Bic: nhi?t dp trung binh tir 20-22°C, nhi$t dg cao nhat: 28-28,5''C, nhi^t dp thap nhit: 15-16X, toi thap: <15*'C. Lugng mua trung binh: 1600-1800mm/nam.
Cd the ndi khu vuc nay ciing kha thich hgp cho du khach den n ^ i duong.
- Tiiu khu II2: tilu khu phia Nam cua tinh bao gom cac huy?n Yen L^p, Tan Son. Dja hiiihchil ylu > 900m, tham chi cd nhieu noi dja hinh cao >1200m. Day la khu vyc cd dja hinh cao nhattinli nhimg dong thdi cd cac thung lung thap xen ke, la khu vyc cd miia lanh keo dai, nhi^t dp trung binh;
thap hon cac tieu khu khac. Nhi?t dp trung binh thip nhit: 12-13°C, nhi?t dp trung binh cao nhat;
>25X, lugng mua trung binh: > 1800mm/nam.
Day Ik ti6u khu co khi h^u thich hcfp nhat ciia khu vuc cho v^ec nghi dudng. D?c bi?t trong tie"
khu cd VQG Xuan Son, noi day vira cd dia hinh niii cao vira cd khi h^u thich hgp, cd thi phat trien eac loai hinh du Ijch tham quan, du ljch sinh thai, du Ijch the thao, n ^ i dudng.
2.3. Tai nguyen na&Q 23.1. Tai nguyen nuctc mat
- Ddm Ao Chdu: thudc xa Y Son va xS Phy Khanh ctia huyen Hg Hoa, each thanh pho v iCt Tn 65km vl phia Tay BSc, Dim Ao Chau cd di^n tich khoang 300 ha mat nudc, tren diSn tich khoanj 358 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn thir 6, ThanhphdHui'. •'^^'
H$i Pja ly vk Tki nguygn MSi Iru-ong Thfra Thien Hui H$i Pja ly Vigt Nam 1500 ha, xung quanh cd tham thuc vai phong phii nam tren cac ddi, niii cd dp cao tir 60m din 700m, diln hinh nhu Niii Ong, Niii Budm... Nam giira mdt viing doi thip, dim Ao Chau cd hinh dang kha d$c bi?t. Nhin tren ban do, dam gidng nhu dau mdt con trau cd hai simg choai ra hai ben phia Sdng Thao va Sfing Ld. Dim Ao Chau cd 99 ngach, dan cai vao cac ddi, niii, thu nudc ciia 99 con sudi nhd dd vl. Canh tri xung quanh son thuy hiru tinh, cdn mang dam net nguyen so, thuin kilt cua tao hda. Dac bi?l quanh nSm nudc d Ao Chau khdng bj c?n, nudc trong xanh khdng bj d nhiem, cd nhilu loai sinh vgt quy hiem sinh sdng nhu: riia vang, ba ba, dai... Trong hd cd nhieu dao ldn nhd, khien Ao Chau tya nhu mpt Ha Long thu nhd.
Khi hgu khu vuc Ao Chau mang tinh chit khi hau miln mii Tay Bic Bd mat me, dl chju, khdng xay ra hi?n tugng nhi?l do qua Ihap trong mua ddng hay thdi tiet khd ndng gay git trong miia he nhu d cac vimg khac. Khdng khi trong lanh thich hgp cho viec du ljch nghi duotig. Mdi loai tham thuc vgt d Ao Chau lai tao nen phong canh vdi net dgc trung rieng, hit sue ddc dao nhu: phong canh lang que Viet Nam, iham thuc vat tren mii da vdi, cac quin xa thuy sinh... Chinh vi nhirng net dep do, Ao Chau cd dieu ki^n thuan lgi de phat trien thanh khu du lich sinh thai cd kha nang hip dSn nhilu doi tugng du khach vdi cac logi hinh du lich chu ylu nhu: nghi dudng, boi thuyin, cau ca, leo nui, hai lugm...
- Ddm Vdn Hgi: thugc xS Hiin Luong, huy?n Hg Hda, cd dien tich tren 200 ha mat nudc, dg sau tir 7m den 8m, chd sau nhat dgt 20m. Dam cd he thdng cung cap va thoat nudc nen ludn giir muc nudc In djnh, miia mua va miia can nudc chi chenh lenh nhau khoang 1,3m. Nudc trong dim rit Uong va sach, xung quanh dim cd h? thdng niii, ddi va rimg vay bgc tgo nen canh quan tho mdng. Tren mgt dim cd khoang 40 dao, dao Idn nhat cd dien tich 10 ha vdi cac logi cay nhu eg, che, keo.., tgo nen phong canh son thuy hihi tinh.
- Ao Gidi - Suoi Tiin: nam Iren niii Na thudc xa Quan Khe - huyen Ha Hoa, each thanh pho Viet Tri 80km ve phia Tay Bac, each Ao Chau 15km, cd uu the la li6n ke vdi he thdng dudng bg, dudng thuy, dudng sit.
Sudi Tien bit ngudn tir tren nui Na, chay qua cac khe da, hinh thanh dai lua tring bgc, vit ngang sudn mii, noi bal giiia mau xanh mugt ma cua niii rirng, lin vao mau xanh ciia may trdi. Sudi Tien quanh co chay qua nhieu tang, bac tao nen nhieu thac nudc thang diirng. Sudt chieu dai con sudi cd tdi 14 thac nudc, trong dd cd mot sd thac cao 20m, tya nhirng tam man the trang xoa, che cac hang, hdc dd phia trong. Dudi chan cac thac nudc cao la nhirng phien da khdng Id, trai qua thdi gian dai bj xdi mdn, da thanh nhung chiec ao nhd ma day ao la ca mot phien da, lam nen ve dep rieng d noi day, nhal la vao cac ngay he ndng nyc, thudng cd hang tram Iu0 ngudi den day tam mat, nghi ngoi, van canh.
Ao Gidi - Sudi Tien cdn nguyen dang hoang sa, cd tiem nang du ljch ddi dao, cd the phat trien cac loai hinh leo mii, cim trai, nghi duang va nghien ciru khoa h p c .
- Ho Phugng Mao: hd sinh thai nam d xa Phugng Mao (huyen Thanh Thuy), each trung lam huy?n khoang 10km. Hd rgng han 100 ha, canh quan ih'en nhien quanh hd dep, thich hgp vdi cac loai hinh cim trai, the thao dudi nudc, du thuyin. Tuy nhien tiem nang du ljch cua khu vyc nay chua dugc wiai thac diing miic, van chua dugc khach tham quan du lich biet den nhieu.
- Thdc Cu- Thdng: thudc xa Cu Thang - huyen Thanh Son, cd chieu cao 10m, nudc chay vdi luu lugng dn dinh quanh nam, dudi chan thac nudc trai rgng va trong. Xung quanh khu vyc thac va dgc tiieo ddng sudi la rimg cay xanh Idt va cac bSi da cugi tao nen canh quan dep. Thac Cy Thing la mdt diem den nghi ly tudng vao nhiing ngiiy nghi miia he.
DJA LY Tl/NHIEN, TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN VA MOI TRU'CJNG
Hoi pja ly vaTai ngujen Moi IruongThira Thicn Hui 1 Ipi Pja ly V'Vl^Nati - Thdc Ba Viie: thupc xa Yen Luang - Thanh Son, each thanh pho Vict Tri khoang 70km, Day cQnj:
la thac dep, tuy nhien van d dang tiem nang chua dugc khai thac, 2.3.2. Tai nguyen nude ngam
Phil Thg cd mdi ngudn tai nguyen rat quy dd la ngudn nudc khoang ndng Thanh Thiiy, tlmpcxi La Phil (huyen Thanh Thiiy), dien tich khoang 109,5 ha, irir lugng khoang 19,7 tricu m\ Duoc xac djnh day ia nguon nudc khoang cd nhiet dp cao 40 - 45"C, trong thanh phan cd chira Radon d nioi iy|g cd the sir dung tdt cho viec chira benh bang each ngam, tam. Day la mgt md nudc khoang quy va higni gap tren the gidi.
Lan dau lien d Viet Nam phat hien va tim ra nudc khoang radon thuc thu, day se md lii mfit hudn^ mdi dac biet quan trgng trong cdng tac dicu duong nudc khoang ciia nganh y te. Vdi inc diing ban dau cho thay ham lugng cao cua cac anion trong nudc tao nen ap luc dang truong cd the xam nhap vao CO the qua da hoac khi ngam tam, niem mgc dg day, dudng rudt, khi quan, phdi khi uonji, xong hoi, sdc rira... tir dd chung truyen vao mau va di khap co the, bd sung chat klioang can ihiet cho ic bao tang cudng cac hoat ddng sinh ly nhu; kich thi'ch nhu ddng rudt, thuc day su dao thai cac chit doc qtia dudng bai tiet... Ddi vdi loai nudc khoang sunfat cd tac dung tang sy liet dich vj da day kich thich lieu hoa, nguyen td luu huynh cd tac dung chiJa cac benh ngoai da: co, klidp, than kinh... Nhiet do tuang ddi cno cua nudc khoang cd tac dung kich Ihich da, tang cudng luu thdng trong mau. Vdi nhung linh chit uu \ ici nhir vay nudc khoang sunfat La Phii - Bao Yen huyen Thanh Thuy trong tuang lai se dugc dua vao khai Ihac, su dung mang tam cd qudc gia,
Md nudc khoang ndng La Phii - Bao Yen la co sd dac biet quan trgng thich iing vdi phal triin khu du lich nghi dudng tim nudc khoang ndng ddng thdi cd thi kit hgp vdi nhilu loai hinli du ljch khac nhu du Ijch sinh thai, vui chai giai tri, the thao va du ljch cudi tuin lir cac thanh phd tdn nhir Ha Ndi, Viet Tri, Hai Phdng,.,, cung nhu khach dilu dudng dai ngay trong tuang lai tir mgi mien ciia dit;
nudc.
2.4. Tai nguyen sinh vat
Phil Thp cd hf ddng, thyc vgl phong phu vdi nhilu loai dgc hiru. Rirng nguyen sinh d Phii Thg«
la rirng ram nhiet ddi thudng xanh, Dien tich nay cdn rat it, tap trung chii ylu d huyen Tan Son, Yenl Lap vdi dien lich dat 58.988,8 ha (2010). Phii Thp cd Khu rirng qudc gia Din Hiing va vudn Quoc gi»
Xuan Son, nai cdn luu giu' da dgng sinh hpc vdi nhieu loai dgc huu.
- Khu rieng quoc gia Den Hung thudc xa Hy Cuang, ihanh phd Viet Tri, la khu rirng lir nhien cdn kha nguyen sinh, bilu hien su da dgng phong phii ciia he thyc va ddng vat.
+ Thuc vgl: \d\ 158 loai thupc 328 chi cua 131 hg, irong ddcd II loai thuc vat quy hilm c6te|
trong sach do Viet Nam va 204 loai cay co tac dung lam thudc. Day la khu vyc phong phii vc thanh phan loai, ve da dgng sinh hgc vdi cac loai: chd, re, de, sau sau, bo dl, ma va chd nau, nhilu day leo trang chji..,.
+ Ddng vdt: rirng Den Hiing hien cd 175 loai cdn trimg, 95 loai ddng vat cd xuang sdn;; irong do 7 loai quy hiem can duoc bao ve nghiem ngat: chim, bdi ca Idn, chim ac la, tctc, tic kc, rin lao, rSn hd mang, ran cap nong ..
Den vdi Den Himg, du khach khdng chi cd cam giac dang budc vao chon tdn nghiem, huyen ao ma cdn nhu dugc hoa minh vao the gidi thicn nhicn trong lanh diy sire quyin ru. Khu bao ton dpng Ihyc vat Den Hiing cung la diem den cua nhilu khach du lich tham quan, nghien ciru hap din.
HOI nghi Khoa hqc Dta ly Todn qudc ldn thu 6; Thdnh phd Hut'. '^'-^'^
gA j pja 1^ vk Tki nguygn Mfii trjfrng Thua Thi£n Hue Hgi Pja 1^ Vi^^Nam - Virdti Quoc gia Xudn San: nam d cudi day Hoang Lien San tren dia ban huyen Tan Son, cd di§n tich tren 15.000 ha. Vdi nhirng canh quan thien nhien hiing vT, tham thyc vat va he dgng vat phongphu, nhilu loai quy hilm... ve dep hoang so noi day la yeu td hip din nhilu khach du Iich.
Vudn Qudc gia cd 762 loai thyc vat, trong do cd 24 loai dugc ghi trong sach dd Viet Nam, 8 loai ^ i trong sach dd the gidi. Ddng v^t: 365 loai, trong dd cd 46 loai ghi trong sach dd Viet Nam, 18 loai ghi trong sach dd the gidi. Tieu bieu la cac loai dac trung cho khu he ddng vat Tay Bic nhu: vogc xim, vugn chd, sdi bung dd dudi trang, giu, bao... rieng son ducmg cd nhilu nhit toan qudc. Ngoai ra con cd mOt so ddng vat maiig ylu td An Dp - Ma Lai va ylu td Hoa Nam, la viing phan bo ho trong ban do Vi^t Nam. Day la jjlu td tao nen sy khac biet giiJa VQG Xuan Son va cac vudn qu6c gia va Uiu bao tdn khac d mien Bac. [3]
Thanh phan loai dpng vgt d day tuang ddi phong phu so vdi cac vudn qudc gia d mien B3c nhu Tam Bao, Ba Be, Cat Ba. Sy phong phii ve tham thyc vat rung din din su phong phii ve thanh phin diyc vgt va dgidi dpng vgt, nhic la h^ dgng vgt d cac he sinh thai nguyen sinh. Trong VQG cd mdi sd loai dac hihi;
vupn den tuyen, voyc xam, sdc bay ldn, ni^c nau, cii Ign rimg, cac loai khi. Trong sd cac loai bi de dga toan ciu ghi nhgn cho VQG cd nhieu loai dgng vgt cd gia tri bao tdn cao nhu hd, bao hoa mai, bao gam, giu ngira...
2.5. Cdc dgng tai nguySn du lich nhan van
Phii Thp cd lich sir l^u ddi, dieu dd da tao cho Phii Thg cd nhilu tilm nSng vl cac di tich lich sir -van hda, kiln triic, ngh? thuat.., cdgia trj cho nghien ciru khoa hgc va phat triin du ljch.
- Cdc di tich:
+ Di tich lich sir - vdn hda: khu di tich ljch sir Den Hiing la di tich Hch sir dac biet quan trgng cua quoc gia, ket hgp vdi quan the cac di chi ndi tieng nhu : Gd Mun, San Vi, Lang Ca, Phung Nguyen... vdi rit . nhieu hi^n vgt do da, do dong cd nien dgi hang 4 - 6 ngan nam.
+ Di lich lich sic - cdch mgng: di tich khu luu niem Ho Chi Minh, chien khu Hien Luong (Hg Hoa), chiln khu long chao Minh Hda (Lgp Thgch), chien thing sdng Ld (Doan Hiing), Tu Vii...
+ Di tich khdo cd: Son Vi, Gd Mun, Gd De, Phiing Nguyen (Phii Ninh), Ddi Giam, Lang Ca (Vilt Tri),...
+ Di tich kien true nghi thugt: dinh Hy Cuong, dinh Hiing Ld, den Mau Au Co, den Hien Quang, den Bao Da, dinh Lau Thugng, dinh Dao Xa,...
- Le hpi truyen thdng: Hpi Din Hiing, hpi Bgch Hgc (hpi tung cdn), hpi Chu Hda, hgi md cua rimg, hpi danh ca... ngoai ra con nhieu ll hgi khac nhu hpi cau thang gieng, hgi Phit Hiin Quang, hdi Xoan.. ciing nhieu trd choi td chuc trong !e hpi la nhiing yeu to hap dan du khach trong va ngoai nudc.
- Cdc tdi nguyen khdc: cac lang nghe thu cdng d Phii Thg dudi ban tay tai hoa va dc tham ml ciia cac ngh? nhan da mang lai nhung san phim cd gia tri kinh tl, thim mT cd sue hip dan du khach.
Tgi day du khach cd the tim hieu, trai nghi?m, hudng thu nhihig gia tri van hda tdt dep, dgc sac cua cac lang nghfi thu cdng truyen thdng, mua nhiJng san pham thii cdng quy Iam qua cho ngudi than. Lang nghe "My ngh? than tre" thugc xa Phii Lac, huyen Cam Khe; lang may tre dan Dd Xuyen; nghe lam ndn la tgi huy?n Sdng Thao; lang nghe u §m Son Vy- huyen Lam Thao; lang nghe mdc Minh Dire - huy?n Tam Nong,...
Nghe thuat am thuc la gia tri van hda cua mdi qudc gia, la dau an ciia mdi viing dat vdi du khach. Phii Thg vdi cac mdn "son hao hai vi" rit binh dj, the hien net am thyc dgc trung viing DSt Td
fiL\ LY TU NHIEN, TAI NGUYEN THI^N NHIEN VA MOI TRU'CJNG 361
llQi Pja ly vk Tai nguyen Moi tru-ong Thiia Thicn lluE Hoi Pja ly VigiNg^:
nhu: budi Doan Hiing; hong Hac Tri; ca Lang;_ca Chay (thugc sdng Thao): ca Anh Vu chi co lai ngi • ba sdng Viet Tri, la loai ca nudc nggt quy hilm, diing de tien vua thdi phong kien; rau sang VQqJ:
Xuan Son, nudc che xanh, banh Tai, thit chd Viet Tri... A •.
3. DANH GIA TONG HOP CANH QUAN PUXJC V\J P H A T TRIEN DU LICH liNH P H O T H Q
Can cu vao nhirng tilm nang vl tai nguyen du lich, ve cac dieu kicn ty nhicn, kinh Ic-xa hpi. ve • kit ciu hg ting va hien trgng phat trien du lich ciia tinh Phii Thp, chiing tdi da liln hanh danh gia ting : hgp canh quan ddi vdi phat triin du lich tren phgm vi ciia cac tilu viing canh quan, kll qua nhu s.iu:
3.1. Tilu vung canh quan doi bat lip phia ddng bac
Gidi hgn khdng gian cua tilu vimg la khu vuc phia bic va ddng bac cua tinh, thudc dja phanthj ' xa Phii Thg, huy?n Doan Hiing, Phii Ninh, Thanh Ba, Ha Hda, mgt bd phan phia bac thanh pho Vifi ; Tri.
Day la tilu viing tuong ddi tap trung nhicu danh lam thing canh va kha dac thii nhu dam Ao Chau, Ao Gidi - Suoi Tien, din mlu Au Co, di tich Chiln khu Hicn Lirong- Ngdi Van, chien khu 10 Dgi Pham, di lich chiln thing Tram Than, Niii Trang.,.. Tilu vimg canh quan dugc danh gia d mircijp thich hgp trung binh vdi cac logi hinh du lich sinh thai, du ljch nghi duong, vui chai giai tri, smh ihii kel hgp van hda - Ijch sir,
3.2. Tilu vung canh quan ddng bing xen niii sdt dgc thung lung cac sdng Lo, sdng Da, song Hong (sdng Chay)
Tieu viing canh quan nay bao gdm cac huyen Lam Thao, Tam Ndng. Thanh Thiiy, phan 16n thanh pho Vi?l Tri,... Day la tieu viing phat trien du lich trgng diem va giu vai Ird irung tam dieu hanh mpi hogt ddng du ljch tren dja ban tinh Phu Thg vdi cac danh lam thang canh dac sac nhu khu Den Hiing, niii Trang, Bgch Hgc-Ben Got, nudc khoang ndng Thanh Thiiy, hd Phugng Mao...
Thanh phd Viet Tri cd khu Den Hiing la khu du lich vSn hda le hgi va sinh thai qudc gia, li i diem du ljch ve ngudn cua ca nudc. Bat dau tir nam 2006, ngay 10/3 am lich hang nam la chinh hpi cua den Hiing va la ngay qudc le ciia Viet Nam. Cach thanh phd Vi?t Tri 30 km ve phia Tay Nam lo mo khoang ndng ndi tieng Thanh Thiiy thudc dia phgn xa La Phii (huy?n Thanh Thuy).
Vimg nay dugc danh gia d mirc dd rat thich hgp cho phat trien du Ijch vdi nhicu loai hmh du lich phong phu: du lich le hdi hanh huong, hudng ve cdi ngudn; du Ijch tham quan, nghien ciru licii stf van hda, kien true, nghe thual; du lich vui chai giai tri cudi tuan; du Ijch hdi nghj, hdi thao. Cac hojt dpng phyc vu du Ijch nhu van chuyen, ngan hang tien l?, luu trii, an udng hdi thao, mua ban cac mS' h^ng thii cdng mT nghe, hang luu niem... dap irng nhu cau ciia khach du lich trong va ngoai nudc.
3.3. Tieu viing canh quan niii thap va trung binh phia nam, tay nam
Day la tieu vung canh quan chiem dicn tich Idn nhat, bao gom huyen Tan Son, Thanh S0:i '-^f Nong, Yen Lap, Cam Khe. Tieu vimg nay la dja ban du ljch sinh thai Idn nhit tinh vdi khu du lit-ii I'^p dan la VQG Xuan Scm. Ngoai ra, cdn cd thac va chiln khu Idng chao Minh Hda, den I liln Ouan va hdi Phit, dinh Dao Xa va ll hdi rude voi, din thd Bac Ho...
H$i PJ^ 'y ^"^ Tai nguyen Miii truong Thiia Thicn Hue Hpi Pja ly Vicl Nam Vudn Qudc gia Xuan Son duoc xac djnh la diiim du lich qudc gia thudc viing du Ijch Bac Bg Thanh phan loai ddng, thirc vat d day tuong ddi phong phii so vdi cac khu rirng dac dung d mien Bac nhu Tam Dao. Ba Be, Cat Ba Trong rirng cd nhieu loai dac hiru, nhicu loai cd gia tri bao ton cao duac ghi trong sach dd Vict Nam va the gidi nhu : vogc-xam. vugn chd, sdi bung dd dudi trang, gau ngua,.,.
Ticu vimg canh quan na\ dugc danh gia la rat thich hgp cho cac hoat ddng du lich the thao mao hilm, vui choi giai tri, thudng thirc van hda dan gian, du lich tham quan nghicn ciiu he sinh Ihai, hang d^ng, ban dan tdc. lang nghe. di chi khao cd; vui chai giai tri cam trai. du lich nghi dudng,,.
KET LUAN
Danh gia cac dang tai nguyen du lich. danh gia tdng hgp miic dd thich nghi cua canh quan ddi vcri phal tncn du lich Phii Thg cd y nghTa iy luan va thuc ticn quan trgng. Kct qua danh gia cho thay Phil Tho cd nhicu lgi the vc canh quan tu nliicn va canh quan nhan van ihuan lai cho phat tncn nhieu lo?! hinh du lich tham quan. nghi duong. chCra benh. du ljch smh thai, du hch cgng ddng, du lich van hda lam linh...
Vice sir dung hgp ly canh quan cd \ai ird quan trgng ddi vdi sir phal trien du lich ben virng tai linh Phil iho. Du lich Phii Thg can nhanh chdng nam bat dugc thdi ca, lan dung tdi da nhCrng licm nang san co dc day nhanh ldc do pluit iricn. dua nganh du hch cua linh lien Icn mdt lam cao mdi.
TAI LIRU THAM KHAO
3. Pham Hoang liai. Ngiiscn Thugng lliing. Nguyen Ngoc Khanh. 1997. Ca .'id cdnh quan hoc ciia vice su dung hop ly ldi ngiivin thiin nhiin. hao ve mdi Irirdng Idnh thd Viit Nam NXB Giao due, HaNpi,
4. Nguyen Cao lUian, 2005 Ddnh gid canh quan NXB DMQG Ma Ndi.
5. Triin Minh llgi. Ngu\cn Xuan Dang. Da dgng .sinh hgc vd bao tdn ngudn gen smh veil lgi Vudn quin: gia XiidnSwi, tmh Phil Tho. NXB Giao due. 2008.
6 Riam Tmng Luong, Tdi ngin in vd mdt iniung du hch Viit Nam. NXB Giao due. 2000.
7. Nguyen Khanh Van, Gido trinh ca.sa.smh khi hgu NXB DHSP HaNgi, 2006.
8. Nien giam thdng ke Phu Thp, 2010.
9. Tdng cue Du Ijch, Cum nang vi phdi triin du Itch bin vimg Tliang 11/2005,
lO.Uy ban nhan diin imh Phii Phg. Quv hocich diiu chinh phdt Irien du ljch tinh Phd Tho (Giai dogn 2006-2010 vd dinh hirdng den ncnn 2020). Vict Tri. nam 2010.
D|A LY TU'NHIEN. TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN VA .MOI T R U 6 N G
