Dao tao theo hpc che tm chi cf DH, CD hien nay

DglfM^^ 309-2012 g y .

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DIEN BAN DAY VA HpC

Dao tao theo hpc che tm chi cf DH, CD hien nay - suy nghT va trao ddi

ThS. LE TRONG DAI - ThS. Ll/CfNG HONG VAN TrUdng Dai hoc Quang Binh

Thep chil IrUdng cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao ID nam 2010 trd di tatca cac trUdng dgi hpeva cao dang trong ca nude phai chuyen sang dao tao Iheo Hoc che Tin chf (HCTC). Nhuvay, ID nam hpc 2010 - 2011 viec ap dung dai Ira Ipgi hinh dao tgo theo HTTC d tal ca eae irDdng dgi hpc va cao dang tren loan qudc la cd linh bal budc.

Thyc hien chu trUdng nay, IrDdng Oai hoc Quang Binh bal dSu ap dyng logi hinh dao tgp nay ngay td nam hpc 2008 - 2009, Tuy nhien, qua Irinh chuyen ddi td dao tao theo men che - hpc phan (NC- HP) sang HCTC d cac IrUdng dat hpc, cao dang hien nay nhin chung v l n khong tranh khoi nhDng khd khan, vudng mac nhat la d cac trudng dai hoc dia phUdng, Xual phat td Ihuc le ndi tren, chiing tdi neu ra mot vai suy nghT cua minh v l viec ap dyng phudng thdc dao tao mdi nay de cung trao dot vdi cac ddng nghiep, Vdi khon khd bai Viet khong qua Strang gay A4 va Irinh dd cd han, chung tdi khdng cd tham vpng de cap den lat ca cac phddng dien cua van de rdng Idn nay Bai v i l t chl xin dupc di sau vao hai van d l chinh:

+ Nhan IhDc va ap dyng ly thuyet dung ban chal cua logi hinh dao tao theo Hpc c h l Tin ehi vao giang dgy d bac dgi hpe cao dang.

+ Mdt sd bi&n phap ddt mdi phddng phap day hoc phii hpp vdl loai hinh dao tao Hpc che tin chi d dai hpc cao ding hipn nay.

I. Nh3n thu'c va ap dung dting bSn chat ciia logi hinh dao tao theo Hoc che' Tin chi

Chung ldi cho r i n g khi ap dung loai hinh dao tao theo HCTC Ihl nha trddng can cd sy c h u i n bi ky IDdng cho giang vien v l nhan Ihdc, yeu cau cua Hpc che Tin chi Cae Irudng c^n X6 chDc che giang vien nghien cDu ky cae vkn ban ve khai nipm, qui che v l HCTC; xay dyng, nghiem thu chUdng Irlnh. bai giang can thgn trddc khi ap dyng logi hinh dao igo nay, Nhu vgy cong viec dau lien cua ngudi giang vien chung la \k can phai thdng nhat each hi^u djnh nghTa, myc tieu cua ioai hinh dao Igo nay. Theo djnh nghTa ma Bd Gido dye & Oao tgo dich va cdng bd thi Tfn chl li mgl dgi lugng do toin bg Ihdi gian bit bude cda md/ ngudl hgc binh thddng di hge mdl mdn hgc eu

the bao gdm'" 1 Thdi gian len Idp; 2. Thdi gian thffe hanh trong phdng thi nghiem, IhUc tap hoac cae phin viec khac da duac qui dinh d thdi khoa bieu; 3 Thdi gian danh cho Iff hge. III nghien cdu viet tiiu luan, lim bii tap Vdi cie mdn hgc ly thuyet th) mdt tin ehl la 15 liet len Idp cda giing viin + 30 tiel ehuan bi cua sinh vien. Cdn vdi cac mdn thuc hanh, thi nghiem, thio luan la 30- 45 Hit; IhUc lap tai ea quan li 45- 90 tier [4. 19]

Vdi each bieu Iren thi khi ap dung chung la chl mdi thye hien dUdc khia canh hinh IhDc ma chUa the hien dUde ban chat cua he Ihdng Im chi Qua qua Irinh nghien cDu chung tot nhan tha'y rang ban chat cua loai hinh dao tao HCTC dUdc the hien d muc lieu cua dao lao, Theo PGS-TS Michelle L Zjhra- ehUdng trinh dio tpo Iheo hgc ehe tin chi la dio tao gin vdi dau ra "progam Curriculum and Credits Focus Outcomes" [4, 8], day chinh la diem khic biet cua dio lao theo hgc chi tin chi vdi dao lao theo nien che hge phan. Neu khdng thffe hien dugc mue lieu nay thi viec dao lao theo hgc che tin chi eua chdng ta mil chi dung lai dsU thay doi be ngoii ma kel qui dao tao cung khdng ed gi khic vOi dao tao theo nien che hge phin.

Vay lam the nao d l thyc hien viec day hoc gan vdi dau ra (dap Dng nhu cau cua xa hdi) Theo chung ldi cac trudng dgi hoc, cao dang can lien hanh 2 budc cd ban sau:

Budc 1 Xau dUng ehuong trinh va chuan dau ra cho IDng nganh hoe cy the

a) Xay dung chUPng Irinh: bao gdm xay dung ChUdng trinh giao dgc Dai hpc cho IDng nganh hoc va xay dung chDdng Irinh chi liet eho cac hoc phan trong chUOng trinh Giao dye dai hpc cua IDng nganh

+ Xay dyng chDdng trinh Giao dye dai hoc* DSy la cong viec quan trpng va can phai thyc hi&n IrUdc h i t Ngoai viec Iham khao chUdng trinh cua cac trudng dai hpc ldn cd uy tin d irong nudc thi chung la c i n Iham khio c l cac tai lieu nude ngoai v l nganh hpc dd va ddi chilu d i n dieu kien thuc te cua dia phddng ndi, khu vyc ma Irudng minh tuyln sinh de xay dyng Trong ndi dung ehUOng Innh Giao due dai hoc cd 2 khoi kien Ihdc la giao dye dai cuong va giao dye chuyen nghi&p Khi xay dyng chuong irinh

18!

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ngoai cac hoc phan bal budc ma khung chUdng trinh eua Bp da qui dmh ( c l giao due dai cUdng va giao due chuyen nghiep) thi cac hoc phan ty chpn la phan ma cac bo mon phai dau tu nhieu In lue de IDa chon dUa vao chUOng Irinh nhdng chuyen de can thiet nhat cua nganh hpc dd.

De lya chon xay dyng cac hpc phan lu chon nay that phii hop thi cae bp mdn nen id chdc hpi nghi lay y kien cac nha tuyen dyng, cae nha chuyen mdn ve nganh nghe ma minh se to chdc dao tao de hp tham gia gdp y trong viec xay dung chUdng Irinh, Khi xay dung ehUdng tnnh ehung ta can du lien nhieu den cac chuy&n d i ve ren luyen nghiep vy va chuyen mon ma khi ra trUdng eo kha nang trang bi cho sinh vien nhDng k i l n IhDe va ky nang nghe nghiep can thiet du giup hp hoan thanh tdt cong viec ma nghe nghiep ddi hoi. Mai khac chDdng trinh Giao dye dai hoc can dam bao tinh m i n deo de sinh vien cd the de dang chuyen ddi van bang sang eac nganh c6 chuyen mdn gan trong qua trinh hpc hoac sau khi da tdt nghiep D i i u can iDu y la khi Ihiet ke chUdng trinh ehung ta nen chpn cac chuyen d i cd ty l& ve thuc hanh va ren luyen ky nang nghiep vy chuyen mon g i n vdi thyc te cua Viet Nam nhiiu hdn nhflng hpe phan chi cung cap ly Ihuyet

+ Xay dyng chUdng trinh chi t i l t eae hoc phan: Cae bo mdn va giang vien khi xay dUng chUdng trinh chi tie't can chu y lUa chon dUa vao chUdng trinh mot he thdng lai lieu tham khao dam bao dupc cae yeu cau b i t bupc la du Irang bj cho ngUdi hpc nhDng kien IhDc, ky nang cd tinh he thdng, khoa hpc, cd ban va hien dai, Trong bd cue npi dung chi tie't viec lya chon cac chDdng, myc, tieu muc phai dam bao nghiem t i c he Ihdng, cd ban, khoa hoc va hien dai (cap nhat dupc cac thanh tuu khoa hoc mdi nhal), Dgc biel cac chu de Xemina can chu y lUa chpn nhflng van d i bd tch, ha'p d i n , gSn vdi thUc te Viet Nam, vdi dia phuong va nghe nghiep sau khi ra trUdng, Phan Xemina phai cd chu de, bd cue, ndi dung; co danh muc tai lieu phD hpp, phong phu ma IrDdc h i t la khai thac triet d l nhDngtailieucod IhD vien (Irung tam hoc lieu) cua IrDdng, cac Ihu vien va cac hi&u sach d 6\a phUdng de sinh vien d§ dang chuan bi td'l bai Xemina de thuye't trinh va tham gia viec thao luan cd hipu qua tai cac buoi xemina d td va tren ldp

b) Xay dung chuan dau ra

Khi xay dUng Chuan dau ra, cac Bd mon can tham khao Chuan dau ra eua cac trudng dai hoc ldn cd uy lin trong nUde va tai lieu cua nudc ngoai ve nganh nghe ma minh dang xay dyng, Mai khac, khi xay dyng chuan dau ra cac bd mon cung can lien he ldi nhu cau, dieu kien cua dia phddng va trong nUdc.

BUdc 2: Chuan bi day du cac dieu kien hd Ird vi&e gilng day eua giang vien va hpc lap cua sinh vien

Dad Igo theo hoe c h l tin ch? yeu cau ve eac d i i u kien cd sd vat chat phu hpp vdi loai hinh dao tao nay phai co su tUdng thich, Cac d i i u kien hd trp phai dddc chuan bi day du bao gom, Giang dudng, t h i l l b|, phdng thi nghiem, phdng Ihuc hanh, phdng hpc chuyen mon, thuvien (trung tam hpc lieu) phai dUdc I h i l l ke phu hyp va phai dupc so hda de tao d i i u kipn cho gilng vien va sinh vien cd the dd dang tra cdu, tham gia t h i o luan true tuyen, Cac thdng tin ve ljch hoc, Ijch thi, ket q u i hpc lap, lu van hpc lap.

ve dpi ngu cd van hpc tap phai duyc nha trudng, cac khoa, cac bo mon va giang vien cong khai kjp thdi lfin Website cua IrUdng, cija khoa, bp mdn va cija giang vien, Vi dao tao theo HCTC thdi gian chuan bi bai d nha cCia sinh vien (1 tiel giang vien len Idp thi sinh vien phai chuan bi 6 nha toi thieu la 2 t i l l ) tang gap ddi so vdi dao tgo theo NCHP. Do dd. viec hddng d i n sinh vien tU hpc 6 nha cija g i l n g vien phai lang len vdi mpt kholng thdi gian nhat dinh du giup sinh vien chuan bi bai hoc 6 nha dung ty l& tdi thieu la 2 tiet chuan bi cho 1 t i l l hoc d g i l n g dudng. Ve giang dDdng cac phdng hpc deu phai co may chieu, dUdc ndi mgng (LAN hoac WlFl) Thuvien can dDdc sd hda va cd sd iDdng tai lieu c i n thiet dam bao du giao tdnh va tai lieu tham khao cho tat ea cac nganh nghe ma trUdng dang dao tgo va tai lieu p h l i dUdc bd sung cap nhat thudng xuyen

Van d i cho phep sinh vien dang ky cac hpc phan, dang ky tien do hpc tap di kem vdi viec ho dUde chpn g i l n g vien la mpt trong nhDng khd khan hien nay ehua the dap Dng dDdc d cac trudng dgi hoc dia phUOng vi so lUdng giang vien trong IDng bp mon khdng nhiiu de cd the mdl hpc phan cd nhieu giang vien cDng gilng day Ben canh dd cac nganh dao lao nhin chung khd duytri viec tuyen sinh mot each thudng xuy&n vi dao tgo theo mhu cau cua dja phUdng nen Ihudng cd sU gian doan Mat khac, hien nay sd luong cac trudng dUOc phep dao tao bac Dai hoc tren c l nUdc rat Idn, do dd nhieu dgi hoc tuyen sinh hut ch? tieu la chuyen pho bien; nhat la nhflng nganh hoc hien nay sau khi tdt nghiep sinh vi&n khd lim viec lam, Tinh trgng ndi Iren da dan ldi chd nhilu trUdng trong nhieu nam lien nhieu nganh dao tao cd chi tieu ma khdng luyen dupc sinh vien

II. Mpt so' bien phap doi m6\ phu'cfng phap day hpc cho phu hpp \i6'\ loai hinh dao tao Hgc che Tin chl of dai hpc, cao d^ng hien nay

1. De tnen khai cd hieu q u i loai hinh dao tao Hpc che Tin ch? d dai hoc, cao dang hien nay, IrDdc h l l chung taphai apdung dao tgo theo hoc c h l tin chidung vdi ban chat cua nd, Bai giang phii ducic giing vien thiit ki that su xuat phat td nhu cau cua ngffdi hgc. Bai gilng xuat phat ID nhu cau cua ngudi hpc la bii giang trang bi dddc cho sinh vien nhffng tn thdc can thiii vi hua'n luyen cho ngudi hoc thanh ihuc cac ky nang thffe hanh nghe nghiep de khi ra irudng ngudi hoc cd thi dap dng dUffe yeu can cua thffe te xa hdi dat ra.

Chung toi thay rang de thuc hien ddng b i n chat cua chUdng trinh dao tao HCTC thi vdi mdi tin chi giang vien deu p h l i thiet ke bai g i l n g lam sao de sau khi hpc tin chl dd sinhvien cd the g i l i quye't duyc mdt sd van de cu Ihe ma thDc ti&n dal ra, Vi dy, ngay c l cac hoc p h i n thupc phan k i l n thdc dgi cUdng nhu t r i l l hpc, tam ly, dan tpc hpc dgi cUdng, hch sD van minh d l han che bdl tinh han iam thi trpng bai giang cua minh giang vidn khdng nen qua chd irong k i l n IhDc ma p h l i Ihiet k l bai giang lain sao giup sinh vien giai quyet duyo fl nhat mpt vai van de ma nganh n g h i cija ho can den khi ra trudng: Chang han nha khi hpc xong phan dan igc hoe dai cuang sinh vien nganh Cdnp facxa/id/phai dUdc trang bi ky nang phudng

DeUfynHOC s o 9-2012

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phap nghien cDu dan toe hpc vi ho sD dyng duyc chung vao viec nghien cffu cae vin de xa hdi, de ra dffae eae bien phip cu the de giai quyet nhffng yeu cau ma nghi niy yeu cau. Cu the la sinh vi&n p h l i van dung dUac phddng phip Diin di din tgc hge vi Dieu tra xa hgi hge di thffe hien eic de lii nghiin cffu phuc vu cho nghe nghiep eda ho. Vdi cac nganh sDphgm sau khi hpc xong hpc p h i n Lich sff van minh the gidi, sinh vten cd th^ thiet ke duyc mpt sd chuong trinh de td chdc cac cupc thi Rung ehudng ving hogc dddng len dinh Olimpia ma trUdng phd Ihdng yeu cau, Doi vdi cae mdn hpc chuyen nganh nhu ndng nghiep thi g i l n g vien phai nghien cDu thyc le nong nghiep, ndng dan va nong thdn tai dja phudng minh dang dal ra van de gi can g i l i quylt. Tren cd sd nam bat dude yeu cau ma nong nghiep ndng thon d dia phUdng va dat nUdc dal ra de khi thiel ke bai giang, gilng vien se giup sinh vien nhdng k i l n thdc, phUOng phap, ky nang can Ihiet du d l sau khi ra trudng ho lU minh giai quylt dupe c^c bai loan cCia nong nghiep, nong thon va nong dan nudc ta dang dat ra, Vi dy nhDng kho khan cua nong nghiep Viet Nam hien nay ndi len d hai khau la bao quan va che b i l n sau thu hoach, Vi hai khau nay ma chat luyng va gia e l cCia cung mpt mat hang ndng nghiep cua Vi&t Nam thap hdn nhieu qudc gia khac Tham chi vi thieu phDdng lien, I h i l t bj may moc e h l bien, cd sd bao quin ma hang tram ngan tan lua b\ hU hdng, Ihiel hai sau thu hogch vy ddng q u i khdng nho D6 la nhflng bai loan ma ndng nghiep nUde ta dang dat ra cho cac Irudng dai hpc cd dao tgp ky su nong nghiep, Chung toi cho rang bai gilng cilia giang vien thiet k l hUdng vao viec giup smh vien giai q u y l l dUdc cac bai loan nbi Iren la dung vdi muc lieu cua va b i n chal cua loai hinh dao tao Iheo HCTC.

2. Mdt sd diem ein ldu y khi ddi mdi phdang phap dgy hgc d dai hge. eao ding hien nay

Ddi mdi phDdng phap day hpc khong phai la loai bo I I I c l cac phUdng phap dgy hoc truyin thdng ma ehung la can lya chpn de gifl lai nhflng phUdng phap day hoc truyln Ihdng van dang phat huy dddc tinh tich cue chu ddng, sang tgo cua ngUdi hgc Iheo nguyen ly dgy hoc lay ngudi hpc lam Irung tam. Bdi vi khong p h l i tat c l cac phUdng phap truyen thong d i u la phUdng phap dgy hoc Ihy dpng,

Ddi vdi bac hpc dai hpc. cao dang chDng toi cho r i n g cac phuong phap dgy hoc truy&n thdng sau day van la nhifng phUdng phap day hpc hieu q u i ma chung la can tilp tyc duy tn

- Priudng thuyet trinh neu van d l

- Phuong phdp irao ddi, dam thoai (gdm: trao ddi d^m Ihogi phSn tich va khai qual hda; Irao ddi dam Ihogi lim ldi, phat hi&n, Irao ddi dam Ihoai on lap, tdng kit)

• Phuong phap dgy hpc g i l i q u y l l van de - Phuong phap sCr dyng he thdng cau hdi trong day hpc

- PhUdng phSp Iham nhap Ihyc 1^ xa hpi - Phuong phap sis dyng dd dung iryc quan

3 Ben canh cac phUdng phap day hpc Iruyen thdng ndi tren chung ta can mgnh dan ap dung mpt sd phUOng phap va phDdng tien day hpc mdi cd kha nang phat I n l n nang lyc IU duy va thUe hanh cho ngUdi hpc. Dd la cac phUdng phap:

- PhUdng phap Dieu phdi trong thao luan {mot dng dung eua thuyel kien tgo)

- Gdng nao (Brainstomming) gdm Cdng nao, cdmg nao viet, cong nao nac danh

- Ky thual phdng tranh - Tham van bang phieu (diem) - Ky thuat be ca

- Ky thuat b i n bia - LUdc dd tu duy , III. Ket luan

Viec ap dung loai hinh dao tgo theo he thdng tin ch?

d cae trudng dai hoc cua Viet Nam tuy cdn kha mdi me ddi vdi rat nhiiu trUdng va ddi ngu giang vien song day la nhiem vu ma Bd Giao due & Dao tao da d i ra cho I I I ca cac trudng dai hoc phai IhUc hien eham nhal ID nam hoc 2010 -201 f. Do do chung ldi Ihiet nghT giang vien d cac IrDdng dai hpc dja phUdng ehung la can phai nhgn thDc d l y du va dung d i n v l nhDng van de ndi tren ral e i n t h i l L

Tuy hieu biet ed han song vdi mong mudn dUde Irao ddi va nhan dUOc su gdp y cua cac ddng nghiep ma chung tdi manh dan Irinh bay nhflng suy nghT ciia minh,

TAI LIEU THAfVl KHAO

[1] Phan quang T h l , Dao lao theo he Ihdng tin chl ed phai ia nguyen nhan dao thai cOa nhieu smh vien, Webs bao dien ID Giao due & Thdi dai.

[2], Vy Sau Dai hoc (2000), He thdng tin chl. lai lieu phd bien cho cae trudng Oai hge

[3] Qui che dao lao Oai hoe va Cao dang ehinh qui Iheo he thong Tin chi. Quyet dmh sd 43/2007/ BGD&DT [4] Bernd Meir - Nguyen Van Cuong (2005), Phattnen nang lUc thong qua phUOng phap vi phUang lien day hgc mdi. Bp Gao due & Dao lao - Du an dao lao giao vien THCS.

[5], Nguyen Canh Toan (CB) (2002), Hoc va day each hoc. NXB Dai hoc SU pham- DHQG HN

[6] Carl. Rogers (2001), PhUOng phap day hoc hieu qui. (Cao Dinh Qual dieh), NXB Giao due

[71 Wilbert J, MCkea Chie (2002), NhOng thu thual trong day hoc Cic chiin Iffac nghien cdu va I'y thuyel ve day hoc danh eho giang vien Dai hoe, Cao ding. DD an Viel -Bi, Oao tao GV cac IrUdng SU pham 7 tinh mien nui phia B i c Viet Nam djch.

[8], Michelle L Zjhra (2006). Curricular Change at Ihe University and Department Level. Fulbrighl Program in Viet Nam

[9| Queensland University ol Technology (2003), As- sessment and Reporting (Readings)

[10]. Queensland University of Technology (2003), Teaching Strategies (Headings)