NGHIEN caU-TRAO DOI
SC Dp\G Jm\t^ THOAG \K HOI TRO]\G ^GHIE\ CllJ KHOA HOC
N C S D d d n g Thi PhUdng Chi Trudng Dai hoc Nghien ciiu Qudc gia T6ng hdp Perm, Lien bang Nga
T6m tat: TruySn thdng xa h0i la mqt nhdm cac Lfng diing dUa tren internet, cho phip ngUdi^
dung t^o ISp, chia se noi dung trong c0ng dong mang. Doi vdi hoat ddng khoa hqc, truyen thdng xa h& cd thS dUdc si? dijng nha mot cdng cu di trao dSi thong tin, hdp tac lam vi$c giOa cac nha nghien cHu va pho bien thdng tin khoa hgc cho cdng dong. Bai viet trinh bay khai ni$m truySn thdng xa hdi, cac kenh truySn thdng xa hdi ph6 bi^n, Idi ich va van di can luu y de sO dyng tot truySn thdng xa hdi phuc vy nghidn cijfu khoa hoc, trao doi hoc thuSt.
TCf khoa: TruySn th6ng xa hoi; m^ng xa hpi; nghien cdu khoa hgc.
Use social media in scientific research
Abstract: Social media is a group of Internet-based applications that allow users to create and share content within the network community. For scientific activities, social media can be used as a tool for exchanging information, working collaboratively among researchers and disseminating scientific information to the community. The article presents the concept of social media, popular social media channels, benefits and issues to be aware of for good use of social media for scientific research and academic exchange.
Keywords: Social media; Social Network; scientific research.
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Dat van de
Su phat trien eua cac kenh truyen thdng xa hpi CO the giup nha nghien eUu nang cap hieu q u i hpat ddng nghien cUu khoa hoe thdng qua viee chia s i y tuSng, hpp tac nghien cUu, md rdng pham vi cdng bd ket q u i nghien cUu khdng ehi trong cdng ddng hpc thuat ma con pho bien rdng rai cho cong Chung trpng eae cong ddng mang ma hp tham gia. Tat ca cac cdng eu truyen thdng xa hpi phd bien hien nay nhu blog.
Twitter, Faeebook,... dac biet la nhOng trang mang xa hpi chuyen biet ve khoa hpc nhu ResearchGate, Academia, Mendeiey deu cd the trd thanh nhOng cdng cu hd trd dac lue cho gidi hpc thuat trpng nghien cUu khoa hpe, trao ddi kien thCic, kinh nghiem.
Mae du viy, nhieu nha nghien eilu hien van c i m t h i y do du khi trd thanh thanh vien ciJa the gidi ao vi quan niSm rang truyen thdng xa hdi chi gay lang phi thdi gian va khdng phu hpp vdi hoat ddng khoa hpe. Tuy nhien, quan niem nay khdng hoan toan ehtnh xac. C i c kenh truyen thong xa hpi ehi la cdng cu con hieu qua sCf dung Chung nhu the nao tuy thude v i o each thdc va muc dich sCf dung cua ngudi dung
1. Khai niem truyen thdng xa hoi Truyen thong xa hpi (Social media) ra ddi v i i thap ky trudc cung vdi su xuat hien eua internet. Cho ddn nay da cd rat nhidu djnh nghTa khac nhau ve truyin thdno xa hoi, dudi day la mdt so dinh nghTa thudno
dUdc trich dan: ^nmng 14| THONQ TIN VA TU LIEU - 6/2019
NGHIEN caU-TRAO DOI Theo Kaplan va Haenletn, truyen thdng
xa hpi la nhOng Ung dung internet dUdc xay di^ng trSn nen t i n g cdng nghe va y tudng OLia Web 2.0, tao didu kiSn cho viec tao lap va trao ddi thdng tin cua ngudi dung [6],
David Meerman Scott x i c dinh truyen thdng xa hdi cung c i p each thUe de mpi ngudi chia s i y tudng, npi dung, suy nghT va cac mdi quan he true tuyen. Truyen thdng xa hdi khac biat so vdi truyen thdng dai chung truyen thdng 6 cho mpi ngudi deu cd the sang t^o, nhan xet va them ndi dung tren c i c kShh truyen theng xa hpi [2], Joseph Thpriey djnh nghTa truyen thdng xa hpi la eae phUdng tien truyen thdng tn^c tuyen, trong dd cd su di chuyin linh hoat giOa vai trd tae g i i va khan gia eija cic e i nhan tham gia. De l i m dieu nay, cac phUdng tien truyen thdng xa hpi si^
dung cic phin mem mang tinh xa hoi, cho phep e i nhQng ngudi khong chuyen cd the dSng t i i , binh luan, chia se hay thay ddi n6i dung, tU dd hinh thanh nen nhflng cdng ddng chung sd thieh [5],
NhOng djnh nghTa neu tren n h i n manh baydu tdgdm: ndi dung, cdng ddng va Web 2.0. Dp vay, ed the ket luan rang 'Truydn thong xa hdi la mpt hinh thUc truyen thdng dupc hinh thanh va p h i t trien dua tren nen ting Web 2,0, sCl dung eae cdng eu cia mang internet de truyen dat npi dung true tuyen do ngudi dung tao ra". SU khie biet idn nhat giiJa truydn thong xa hpi so vdi truyin thdng dai chung (Mass media) chinh la quydn tham gia s i n x u i t , cung cap thdng tin tren c i c kenh truyen theng xa hoi cQa tat e i mpi ngUdi. Dac diem eua truyen thdng xa hdi la ngudi dung SLI dung ho so c i nhan true tuyen d l k i t ndi vdi ban be, gia dinh, ngudi quen hoac tao nhCJng Ii6n hS mdi d l chia s i thong tin, tin ture va kinh nghiem [9],
Ngoai ra, cung can iam ro sU khac biet giiia hai thuat ngO thudng xuyen bj nham I3n la truyen theng xa hpi (Spcial media) va mang xa hdi (Social networking). Truyen
thdng xa hpi I i tap hdp cac kenh truyen thdng khac nhau dupe sd dung de giao tiep true t u y i n theo each xa hdi, bao gdm blog, wikis, trang web chia s i video va hinh i n h , dien dan true tuyen, trang danh d i u xa hdi... Mdt thanh phan cija truyen thdng xa hdi la mang xa hdi - thuit ngO de cap den each mpi ngudi tUdng tap trdn cac trang
»/eb nhu Faeebook, Tv»itter, Linkedin va met vai trang web tUdng tu khie [2],
2. Phan loai truyen thong xa hpi Cac nha nghian cdu hien chUa cd su thdng nhat trong eieh phan loai cac kenh truyen thdng xa hdi do sd lUdng ceng cu truyen thdng xa hpi rat Idn va mdi cdng cu lai tich hdp rat nhidu tinh nang khac nhau, dieu nay lam cho viec phan ipai trd nen kho khan hdn. Kaplan va Haenlein chia truyen thdng xa hdi thanh s i u nhdm dich vu [6], trong khi dd David Meerman Scott phin loai truyen thdng xa hdi thanh chin nhdm dua vao c i c h thUc dUdc ngudi dung sis dung de giao tiep, the hien y kien ca nhan tren eae cdng cu true tuyen [2], Shweta Sharma, H.
V. Verma xac djnh truyen thdng xa hdi bao gdm mang xa hdi, blog, dien d i n trao ddi, trang web chia se video, trang web chia se npi dung, trang web dinh dau xa hdi, podcasts va wikis [9], Mpt sd nghien eUu gan day phan loai truyen thdng xa hpi dua tren muc dich va chUe nang cua chung, gdm nhOng nhom sau [3]:
l\/lang xa hoi (Social networking): la c i c trang web dupe xay dung dUa tren viec dang ky t i l khoin de trd thanh thanh vien cua ca nhan, eho phep ngudi dung tao hd sd c i nhan, mdi ngudi khie tham gia, truy cap va chia se thdng tin, gtfi tin nhan, trd ehuyen true tuyen. Mang xa hdi dUdc dung vdi muc dieh xay dung cdng ddng true tuyen, duy tri iidn lac vdi gia dinh, ban be.
Mpt sd trang mang xa hdi phd bien hien nay la Faeebook, Twitter, Linkedin... [8];
Trang web chia sd (Sharing website):
la nhOng trang web cho phep ngUdi dung dang tai, chia se nhOng ndi dung ma hp THONG TIN VA TU LIEU - 6/2019 115
NGHIEN CljfU-TRAO DOI
mudn dudi dang hinh i n h (Instagram, Flickr, Pinterest), am thanh (Last.im, Spundeloud), video (YouTube), van b i n (Slideshare) vdi nhiing ngudi dung khac ed cung mdi quan tam, sd thich;
Blog va microblog: blog la eic trang web dupe tao lap vdi muc dieh chia se bai viet, tang sU tUdng tac giiia ngudi doe v i ngUdi Viet (WordPress, Blogger). Microblog cung dupe sCl dung d l chia s i bai viet nhUng Chung ngan gpn hdn bipg va bj gidi han bdi sd lUpng ky tU (Tumblr, Twitter):
Trang danh dau xa hoi (Social bookmarking site): la nhOng trang web ehp phep ngudi dung td ehUc, luu trii, q u i n ly, tim kiem v i chia s i lien ket (link) m i hp quan tam. Mdt sd trang danh d i u xa hdi dude dung phd biln I i Bitly, Digg, Diigo, LibraryThing, Reddit, Pocket, CiteULike, Cpnnotea...
DiSn dan (Forum): ia c i c trang web cho phep ngudi dung tham gia t h i o luan theo nhieu e h i de khac nhau.
3. Ldi ich cOa truyen thong xa hdi ddi vdi hoat dpng nghien cuTu khoa hpc
Nhd vao k h i nang chia se, tUdng t i c eao va thu hut ngay cang nhieu thanh vien tham gia trong eic cdng ddng mang, viec si!f dung truyen thdng xa hdi trong hoat dpng nghien cdu khea hpe giup cac nha nghien cufu:
- Dang t i i hoac cap nhat thdng tin ve hdi nghi, hdi thap, su kien khoa hpc;
Tiep nhan phan hdi, y kiln ddng gdp nhanh hdn, qua dd cac nha nghien cdu ed the phat tnen, hoan thien cong trinh nghien eUu cua minh tdt hon;
Hpp tac nghien cUu hieu qua hdn khi eae nha nghien eUu ed the lam viee true tuyen cung nhau, khdng phu thudc vao thdi gian, dja diem va eon ed the tim kilm dupe su cdng t i c mdi;
- Chia se va trao ddi ky nang nghien cUu, kien thdc ehuyen mon, phat minh khoa hpe de dang hon bang each xuat b i n 161 THONG TIN VATU LIEU-6/2019
kdt q u i nghian cdu t r i n cac kenh truyen thdng xa hoi;
- Md rdng k h i nang tiep c i n , sU dung k i t q u i nghien eUu trong cdng dongmar^g.
viec truy c i p nhOng cdng trinh nghien euu tren cae tap chi khoa hoc, dac biet tren cac tap chi da qua tham djnh (peer-reviewed journals) ludn bi han e h i vi ngUdi dung can phii t r i phi rat cap d l cd dUdc quyen truy cap. Do dd, truyen thdng xa hdi se giup gidi thieu ket qua nghien cUu eho ngUdi dung Internet nhanh chdng va rdng rai hdn;
Them vap dd, viae sd dung truyen thong xa hdi cd tac dung nhu mdt cdng eg tiep thj cho dau ra cua cac nghian cdu, giup tang chi sd Altmetries - chi sd p h i n i n h sU anh hudng xa hdi eiJa k i t qua nghien cdu dUde cdng bd.
Tuy nhian, ban canh nhdng Idi ich neu tran thi viec sd dung truyen thdng xa hdi trpng nghien cdu khca hpc cd mpt han c h i la sd vi pham b i n quyen va s6 hOu tri tue, bdi vi h i u h i t cae ceng eu truyen thdng xa hdi deu cd k h i n i n g xuat ban lai npi dung ma khdng can su cho phep eua tae g i i .
4. Sd dung truyen thong xa hSI trong hoat dpng nghien cdu khoa hpc
Thdng tin ca nhan hoac ITnh vUe chuyen mdn, dinh hudng nghien cdu cua cac nha nghien cdu cd the dddc tlm thay tran trang web eua ed quan ndi hp dang lam viec. Tuy nhien, viec cae nha nghien cdu tu tao lap hd sd c i nhan tren cac kenh truyen thdng xa hdi se giup hp chu ddng hdn trong viec thay ddi, cap nhat thang tin, ban canh dd ngudi dung eung dS dang tiep can va tddng t i e vdi hp nhieu hdn. Do sd lupng cdng eu truyen thdng xa hdi rat Idn, nan bai viet ehi nhan manh mot sd luu y de cd the sd dung tdt hon cac cong cu thudng dupe dung eho mue dieh nghien cdu khoa hoc, trao ddi hpc thuat.
4.1. LUa chon cdng cu truySn thdng xa hoi
Se mat thdi gian, cong sCfc va rat kho d l
NGHIEN ClJu-TRAO DOI duy tri sd hipn dian tdt tren tat c i c i c cong
eg truyin thdng xa hpi. Do dd, cac nha nghien cdu can can ed vao dac diem cua li/ng ceng eg truyen thdng xa hpi, muc dieh sH dung va ddi tddng ma hp mudn hudng den la nhdng ai de Ida ehpn dddc nhdng cdng cu that sd phu hdp. Vi du nhd:
- Blog (Wcrdpress, Blogger): hd trp tdt cho muc dieh x u l t ban cae nghien cdu, giOp mpi ngddi biet den hd so ca nhan cua nha nghien cdu nhieu hdn thdng qua cdng cgfimkllm,Quadd, giup tang m d c d d i n h hudng va md rdng cae mang Iddi nghien cdu cho nha nghien cdu, fviae du bIpg khdng cd khi nang Ian truyen manh me nhu mang xa hOi nhung d l tim hieu, nghien cdu mot van d l hoac khi cd mpt mdi quan tam nao do thi ngddi dung thudng ed khuynh hudng tim dpe nhdng bai viet g i i i thieh, p h i n tich sau sac tran blog thay vi dpe nhdng ddng chia se ngan ggn trdn mang xa hdi nhu Facebopk, Twitter. Va cung ehinh vi dieu niy nen eae tde g i i ludn c i n p h i i dau tU thdi gian, cdng sde khi viet blog.
- Microblog (Twitter, Tumblr): tin bai t r i n microblpg ludn ngan gpn hdn va khdng eu Ihl, ehi tiet nhu bai dang tran blog do bai dang bj gidi han sd lUdng ky td (vi du, vdi Twitter tdi da la 280 ky tu). Tuy nhidn, Uu dilm eda microblog I i tinh cap nhat, tUdng tac cao nan cae nha nghian cdu ed the sil dung cdng eu nay de chia s i thdng tin ngin gpn ve nhdng cdng bd eda hp trong cic tap ehi; thong bao ve su kien, hdi nghj, hpi thap khpa hpe; hpae chia s i lien k i t web den cae bai v i l t khac dai v i day du thiSng tin hdn...
Mang xa hoi: tUdng tU nhd Twitter, Faeebook thddng xuyan dUde sd dung d l xay dung mang ludi nghidn cdu va phd biln kit q u i nghian cdu den cdng ddng mang. Ngoai Faeebook, eae trang mang xa h0i dudi day eung dupe gidi hpc thuat sCl dung k h i phd b i l n :
+ Linkedin trang mang xa hpi djnh hudng kinh doanh, la noi m i nha nghien
cdu ed t h i tao hd sd e i nhan, dang tai ly Ijch khoa hpe, ndi cdng t i c de tim kiem sd cdng t i e mdi hoac ed hpi viec l i m mdi;
-1- Trang mang xa hdi danh rieng cho c i e nha nghiin cUu nhu ResearchGate, Academia,,,. cung dupe dung de dang t i i c i e bai nghien cdu, xay dung mang ludi giOa c i c n h i nghiin cdu, dua ra cac thac luan va tuong t i c true tiep vdi nhau. Them v i o dd, nhdm cdng cu nay cd ehde nang phan tieh, giup ngudi dung theo ddi chi sd i n h hudng c i c bai nghian edu eua ho;
+ Mendeiey la mot cdng cu q u i n ly trich dan, dupc xay dung 6 hai dang thdc:
• Mendeiey Desktop la phan mem giup q u i n ly t i i lieu tham khio, cho phep tlm kiem, tai len va td ehde eae bai viet, sd lieu td nhieu cd sd dd lieu, tao danh muc tai lieu tham khio cho c i e bai viet;
• Mendeiey phian b i n web la trang mang xa hpi cho phep ngudi dung tao hd sd nghien cdu c i nhan, theo ddi va k i t ndi vdi e i c nha nghien edu khie de tlm kilm va xac djnh xu hudng nghiin cdu eung nhu chia se danh mue trich dan. Hien nay, trang mang xa hpi nay cDng da thu hut dddc hdn 6 triau nha nghien edu tham gia [4],
Trang danh dau xa hdi: n h i nghian edu ed t h i sd dung trang d i n h dau xa h6i de td xay ddng ngudn tham khio riang cho ho bang each md t i , phan loai eae iiin ket web hdu ich ma hp tlm thay tren Internet.
Mat khac, nha nghien cdu eung ed t h i chia se bo sUu tap dau trang cua hp trong cdng ddng mang va tim kilm nhdng dau trang do ngudi khie tao lap cd npi dung tUdng tu hoac nan quan vdi nhdng gi ma hp dang luu trd, Hien nay, CiteULike va Cpnnotea la nhdng trang d i n h dau xa hpi dupe ehuyen dung de danh dau ngudn tai nguyen trde tuyIn mang tinh hpc thuat [7],
4.2. Lien ket va chia se thdng tin Cac nha nghien edu dUdc khuyin khich mo t i trong tai khoin trde tuyen eda hp eae thong tin ve ITnh vuc nghien edu, du an THONG TIN VATU LIEU-6/2019 jl?
NGHIEN ClJU-TRAO DOI
nghian edu n h i m gidp ddng nghiep, nha nghien cdu khac, nha xuat b i n de dang tim kiem, chia s i , cdng t i c . Hp nen bat dau k i t ban, theo doi ngudi m i hp quen b i l l , dac biet la ddng nghiep va nhdng ngddi ed Chung hudng nghien edu. De tilt kiem thdi gian duyat thdng tin, nha nghien edu hean toan cd t h i huy theo ddi ngudi/ nhdm ngudi dung n l u thay thdng tin cua hp khdng edn lien quan hoac khdng hdu ich.
Tuy nhien, can phai Idu y rang nhdng thdng tin dupe chia s i tren c i c kinh truyen thdng xa hpi khdng dUde vi pham quy djnh eda cd quan chu quin, nha xuat b i n hoac nhdng ndi da dang bai b i o khoa hoc eda hp,
4.3. Quiin ly tai khoin ca nhan Cac nha nghiin cdu khong can p h i i mat q u i nhieu thdi gian de theo doi, dang bai neu hp sd dpng cac dng dung ed ehde nang quin ly cdng cu truyen thdng xa hpi.
HpptSuite, Buffer hien I i nhdng ceng eu quin ly phd bien. Dac biet, nhdng dng dung nay eho phep ngudi dung hen Ijch dang baj va dang b i i eung mdt Idc tren nhieu trang web nhu Twitter, Faeebook, Instagram, Linkein, Pinterest..,
Ket luan
Neu nhu trude day, dau ra cua cac cdng trinh nghien cdu khoa hoe thudng chi dupe cdng bd trdn c i e tap ehi khoa hpc, k;5' yeu hpi nghi, hpi thio hoac b i o cao chuyan de, do dd chi cd mot sd it ngudi ed the tiep can chung thi hien nay, truyen thdng xa hdi da ddng vai trd ding ke trong viec chuyen t i i thdng tin khoa hpc trong cong ddng mang.
Rat nhieu ngUdi trong gidi khoa hpc da tao lap hd sd c i nhan t r i n eae cdng cu truyen thong xa hpi d l gidi thieu san pham khoa hpc, chia se y tudng va hpp tac nghien cdu, de cap nhat tin tUc, su kien khoa hpe, tranh nghien edu trung lap... Cie cong eu truyen thdng xa hpi la mpt cong cu that sU hdu ich ehc c i c nha khoa hpc neu ho biet each tan dung nhdng uu diem ndi bat eua chdng.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Bik H. M., Goldstein, M. C, (2013)^-4"
iotroduotion to social media for scentets, h t t p s : / / i c u r n a l s . p l o s . o r g / p l o s b i o l o g y / article7id=10.1371/,ournal.pbio.1001535 (truy cap ngay 5/6/2019).
2 David Meerman Scott (2015). The new rules of marketing S. PR: how to use social media, online video, mobile applications, blags, news releases, and viral marketing to reach buyers directly, New Jersey, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., 458 p.
3. Ho Thj Ngoc (2018). Lfng dung truySn thong xa hoi trong hoat dong thu vien Trudng Bai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hdi va Nh&n van Bai hoc Quoc gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh : luan vin Thac sy, Tp. Hd Chi Minh, Bai hpc Qudc gia thanh phd Ho Chi Minh, 139 tr,
4. Mendeiey. https://www.mendeley.com/
research-network/community (truy c i p ngay 11/6/2019).
5. Joseph Thoriey (2008). What is "Social media?", http://propr.ca/2008/what-is-social- media (truy cap ngay 22/1/2019).
6. Kaplan, AM , Michael Haenlein (2010).
Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media, Business Honzons, 53(1), p.59-68.
7 Mesko B. (2013). Social Bookmarking, Social Media in Clinical Practice, London, Springer, p.135-137.
8. Most popular social networks worldwide as of April 2019, ranked by number of active users (in millions), https://www,statista.com/
statistics (truy cap ngay 10/6/2019) 9. Shweta Sharma, H. V. Verma (2018).
Social Media Marketing: evolution and change, https://iink.springer.eom/chapter/10.1007 (truy cap ngay 5/6/2019)
10. Tom Denison (2018). Social Media for Researchers: [Conference papers] Ho Chi Minh, University oi Social Sciences' and Humanities,
(Ngay Toa soan nhan duac bai: 08-7-2019- Ngay phan bien danh gia: 12-9-20 ch^p nhan dang: 15-10-2019). 19; Ngay 181 THONG TIN VA TU LIEU - 6/2019
