VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUMES NUMBER 3
DAU AN H I E N SINH T R O N G T I E U T H U Y E T H O ANH T H A I NHIN TlT C A M QUAN H I E N T H U C
DiroTig Van Trgng Trudng Dgi hgc Vdn Hien [email protected]
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 25/10/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng. 17/12/2018
Tom tat
Chu nghTa Men sinh la mgt trdo luu triit hgc Tdy phuang ra ddi sau thi chiin thir hai. khi con ngudi phdi ddi mat vdi vd so bdt an trong cuoc sdng, nhdng khung hodng ve nhicng chdn ly, gid Iri. Tif dnh hudng din ddi sdng, chit nghTa hien sinh Men diin trong vdn hgc Viet Nam. ddu tien a vdn hgc do thi miin Nam. sau Ddi mdi triil thuyit ndy da lan rgng Irong cd^ nudc Trong do, Hd Anh Thdi - nhd vdn duang dgi Viel Nam. noi bat vdi nhimg sdng tdc mang ddu dn triet thuyet hiin sinh vdi khodng 30 tdc phdm dugc nhiiu dgc gid trong, ngodi nudc yeu thich. Ddc biit la tiiu thuyet - thi logi thdnh cdng nhdt cua nhd vdn, a do cho thdy mgt cdm quan Men thuc nhay ben mang ddu dn Men sinh vdi mgt the gidi dd vd, bdt an, cgn vdng tinh nguai vd cdc chdn ly, gid tri Idn sdng.
Bdng cdc phucmg phdp: thdng ke-phdn logi, phdn tich - long hgp. so sdnh, thi phdp hoc. .. ngudi viit tic viic chi ra nhimg ddu dn cdn bdn cua tinh thdn Men sinh trong lieu thuyet Hd Anh Thdi. Iren ca sd do ghi nhdn nhit-ng nd luc cdch tdn cua nhd vdn trong bdi cdnh doi mdi vd hdi nhap vdn hoa, van hgc hien nay cd vi ngi dung vd hinh ihuc.
Td- khda: Men sinh, cdm quan Men thuc, tiiu thuyet, Hd Anh Thai
The existential attitude in the Ho Anh Thai novels seen from a realistic perception Abstract
Existentialism is Western philosophical movement that came into being after the Second World War when people faced countless insecurity in life, the crisis of the truths, values. It affects life, which is present in Vietnamese literature, first in the southern urban literature, then the renewal of this philosophy has spread throughout the country Ho Anh Thai is a famous contemporary Vietnamese writer with about 30 works which have been known by many local and international readers. Especially, novel is ihe most successful genre of him showing a keen sense of reality with a world of broken, unsafe, exhausted humanity and truths, conflicting values Statistics • classifying, analyzing - synthesizing, comparing, form, studying prosody method are used to sho-w the basic stamps of existential spirit in Ho Anh Thai novel. On that basis, innovative efforts of writers are acknowledged in innovation and cultural integration, and current literature both in content and form.
Keywords: Existentialism, Imprint of existence. Novel, Ho Anh Thai
Dat van de la khung hoang ve chan ly, ve cudc sdng tmdc
^ Can nguyen ciia mpi khoa hgc la phuc vu ddi thuc tai. Cd thi ndi, tac phim thanh cdng hay sdng, dii khoa hgc hr nhien hay khoa hgc xa hdi khdng, phai do cam quan hien thuc nhu thi nao, cung vay. Triet hpc hien sinh giup nhieu ngudi va ttong xu thi phat triln eiia xa hgi cung nhu cd the giai ma hanh ttinh nhan sinh, hr dd cd van hgc, viec van dung diu in hien sinh thdng hudng di trudc nhiing suy tu, ban khoan, cd khi qua mdt cam quan hien thuc dac sic dS tao nen
TAP CHI KHOA HpC OAI HOC VAN HIEN nhieu kiet tac van hgc duong dai. Trudc do, khdng it nha nghien ciiu da danh su quan tam dac biet din "hien tugng Hd Anh Thai" ttong van hgc duang dai, cd thi kl din tac gia Bin Thanh Truyin, Le Bien Thiiy (2009) vdi cdng frinh Nhirng cdch tdn quan mim nghe thugt vi con ngudi trong tiiu thuyet Hd Anh Thdt (2009);
tac gia Nguyen Dang Diep (2013) vdi cdng trinh Hd Anh Thdi - ngicdi me chai cdu true (2013);...
Ngoai ra, chii nghia hien sinh tir lau ciing da dugc nhieu nha nghien ciiu trong nudc quan tam nhu: Tran Thai Dinh (1966) vdi cdng trinh Triit hoc Men sinh; Huynh Nhu Phuong (2008) vdi cdng trinh Chii nghia Men sinh a mien Nam Viet Nam 1954-1975 (tren binh dien ly thuyit);... Tir viec thdng ke, khao sat cdng trinh nghien ciin cua nhung ngudi di tnrdc ve ttilt hgc hien sinh ciing nhu nhdng bieu hien ciia tu tudng hien sinh frong van hgc, chiing tdi nhan thay den nay van chua cd cdng trinh nghien ciiu nao ve dau an hien sinh frong tieu thuyet cua Hd Anh Thai tir cam quan hien thuc. Cho nen, viec nghien ciiu de cd cai nhin toan dien, he thdng lai nhirng dau an hien sinh trong tilu thuyet ciia Hd Anh Thai tir cam quan hien thuc la rat can thiet. De tai dugc ttien khai theo hudng khao sat nhiing bieu hien tiep thu rinh than hien smh qua viec md ta va luan giai ve cam quan hien thuc hien sinh frong nhiing tieu thuyet ciia Hd Anh Thai.
Hd Anh Thai la nha van de lai nhieu dau an ttong ITnh vuc sang tac tieu thuyet duong dai vdi mgt cam quan hien thirc sac ben. Nhd dd ma mdi cudn tieu thuyet cua nha van da khang dinh nhiing budc tien cua minh tren con dudng sang tao va cay biit iy hiia hen se cdn sang tac them nhieu tac pham cho van hgc Viet Nam duong dai.
Nha van Ho Anh Thai va no lire cam quan hien thuc - m6t phirffng di|n quan trgng mang diu an hien sinh trong tieu thuyet ciia tac gia
Vdi sd trudng ve tieu thuyet va truyen ngan, Hd Anh Thai da dat dugc nhieu thanh tuu, va da ddng gdp khdng nhd cho nen van hgc Viet Nam hien dai. Nha van sang tac trang nhieu ITnh vue:
truyen ngin, tieu thuyet, chan dung van hgc, du ky, tilu luan va bien khao. Tieu thuyet chiem vi
tri uu the ttong su nghiep sang tac Hd Anh Thai ca ve sd lugng lan chat lupng. Nha van giii gam nhiing thdng diep tham my sau sac ve nhan sinh, eude ddi, vdi nhiing budc tien ve quan niem nghe thuat, tu duy nghe thuat frong timg tac pham Tieu thuyet cua dng thay ddi theo timg budc ngoat cua ddi sdng xa hdi, khai thac sau nhiing be chim ciia cudc sdng: tir chien ttanh bien gidi, bi kjcb ciia con ngudi thai hau chien, lat lai de chiem nghiem nhiing van de ciia qua khii va ca nhiing van de mdi nay sinh dat ra cho con ngudi trong cudc sdng duong dai.
Viet de tai cudc sdng thdi hau chien, Hd Anh Thai cd su nhin nhan khach quan ve siic tan pha ghe gdm ciia nd den sd phan ca nhan qua tieu thuyet Ngudi ddn bd tren ddo. Siic tan pha ay chinh la nhiing mat mat, hy sinh ciia nhirng ngudi dan ba ddi Nam ttong va sau chien tranh Hd Anh Thai da dat van de tinh due, ve ban nang con ngudi va nhu cau lam trdn thien chiic lam me, qua dd ndi len eai gia that ghe gdm ma nhiing ngudi phu nir phai tra trong chien ttanh.
Ngudi vd xe chgy dudi dnh trdng la nhu'ng tieng ndi mdi diy uu tu va tran trd cua Hd Anh Thai trudc sir hien hiiu cua cac gia fri ddi nghich: tdt - xau, thien - ac, vj ky - thil tha, thien than - ac quy... Con ngudi ta di vao ddi vdi ddi ban tay tting, sach se va luong thien. Nhung cang di, hg cang phai giir cho minh ttong saeh, trong khi ddi cii ludn mudn nhan ngudi ddi vaa sac due, vao nhirng chd khdng dugc luong thien, khien con ngudi so suat cd the say chan ngay.
Va de tdn tai con ngudi budc phai ddi mat vdi nhirng mat trai ciia cudc sdng.
Vdi tieu thuyet Trong suang hdng Men ra, bang viec xay dung len bite tranh cudc sdng hien tai, nha van de cho cac nhan vat ciia minh nhan thiic lai qua khii, cudc sdng thdi chien, dd la cudc sdng ludn tdn tai ca hai mat, cd cai tdt, cai xau. Ong hieu sau sac rang, con ngudi vdn rat da dang ve nhan each, nen khdng ky vgng qua Idn ve con ngudi, nhung baa gid dng cung tran trgng con ngudi vdi tat ca sir phiic tap trong hg.
Nam 1996, Hd Anh Thai viet heu thuyet Coi ngudi rung chudng tan the. Thdng qua mdt cam quan hien thuc vdi cac chi tiet chan thuc, sinh
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUMES NUMBERS ddng ve cudc sdng bang cudc dau tranh thien -
ac, tac gia da dua ra chan ly: chi cd tinh yeu thuang, sir bao dung mdi hoa giai ndi vdng luan quan cua sir han thii.
Den Mudi le mgi dem, bang tri tudng tugng eiia minh nha van da ve len mdt hien thirc vdi nhan vat la nhung mau ngudi di hgm va Id bich trong eude sdng nudc ta nliilng nam dau the ky XXI. Cudc sdng giai doan md cira nen vira cd cai bi vira co cai hai.
Khdng gian van hda va con ngudi An Do thdng qua cam quan hien thirc ciia Hd Anh Thai da dugc ket tinh thanh tieu thuyet Due Phdt, ndng Savitri vd tdi. Nha van da tai dung lai cudc ddi Dire Phat bang tu duy tieu thuyet, dua dng trd thanh mdt ttong nhiing cay but cd nhieu tac pham hay ve dat nudc va con ngudi An Do trong van hgc duong dai.
Di qua timg tac pham, trai qua nhirng cudc
"lot xac", Hd Anh Thai ghi dau timg budc tien tren nac thang nghe thuat. Tieu thuyet ciia dng mieu ta con ngudi vdi nhieu gdc nhin, cham sau vao nhiing van de nhay cam cua xa hdi ma van hgc trudc day thudng ne tranh. De dat dugc dieu dd, chinh la nhd nha van cd mdt cam quan hien thuc nhay ben, tinh te. Ngoai ra tac gia da khdng ngirng each tan, bieu hien rd d sir hnh boat trong phuong thiic the hien va su da dang trong ttmg giai doan, d nhieu binh dien, tir dung lugng, ket cau, cdt truyen, nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat, tao dirng khdng gian, thdi gian nghe thuat va rd nhat la d su bien ddi ciia gigng dieu nghe thuat, xac lap nhirng ket cau nghe thuat mdi me qua tirng heu thuylt. Tren nin hien thuc chan thuc, sinh dgng, la con ngudi ciia ong dugc sdng thuc dung vdi ban nang tu nhien, vdi cudc sdng thuc nhung cung cd ddi sdng tam hnh rieng biet vdi tuduy ve thien-ac,vl thi gidl ben kia... Chinh nhu cau phan anh chan thuc hien thirc nay ddi hdi nha van phai dua vao trang vilt nhirng biic chan dung sinh ddng ciia nhilu kilu ngudi, nhieu dang dap ngudi trong nhilu khdng gian va thdi gian khac nhau vdi nhung phuang thirc xay dung ddc dao, mdi la.
Hien thirc ddi sdng dugc phan anh trong ndi dung cac tac pham van hgc qua su quan sat, tim
tdi, suy ngam cua nha van. Nd the hien net diic trung vl thi gidi quan, nhan sinh quan, tinh cam, tu tudng cua tac gia. Da vay, de hieu rd dau in chii nghTa hien smh ttong sang tac ciia Ho Anh Thai, dieu dau tien chiing ta quan tam la cam quan vl hien thuc dugc the hien trong timg tac phim cua nha van. Sang tac ciia Hd Anh Thai mang tam thtic hien sinh kha ro net. Tac pham CLia nha van cho thay mau sac phi ly cua hien thirc khdng chi qua the gidi chiia dung yen tl eua su do vo, bit an ma cdn dugc thi hien d sir tdn tai cua mdt cdi ddi can ving tinh ngudi. The gidi ay khdng the nhan thiic, ly giai bang ly fri don thuan, Ben canh do, bang each the hign tinh chat dan dieu, nham chan, lap di lap lai eua ddi sdng ciing nhu su ngheo nan, te nhat, vd nghia CLia cac gia tri tinh than dng da tai hien mgt cupc sdng gap vdi, hdn mang eac chan gia tri frong cac sang tac ciia minh.
Cac bleu hien hien sinh trong cam quan hien thirc ciia tieu thuyet Ho Anh Thai
The gidi do vd, bdt an
Qua nhieu cdng trinh nghien ciiu khac nhau, ed the khang dinh, triet hgc hien sinh la triet hpc ve con ngudi. Dii cac nha hien sinh theo phai hiru than hay vd than, thi tat ca deu hudng den nhiing van de lien quan den y nghia cudc nhan sinh. Bdi le, nguyen nhan triet hgc hien sinh ra ddi, do la do con ngudi ludn sdng vdi trang thai tam ly chung la bat an trudc cudc song hien dai chua dung day riy su phi ly, hdn mang, bat cdng. Trong tieu thuylt eiia Hd Anh Thai, the gidi nay lai dugc tai hien ro net. Dd la khdng gian noi con ngudi bat dau hanh ttinh hien sinh cua mlnli. Thdi hien dai vdi nhieu bien dgng xay ra da keo theo su xuat hien eua chii nghTa hien sinh frong van xudi Viet Nam tir sau thdi ky Doi mdi. Trong mgt thdi dai vdi su tien bg vupt bac ciia khoa hgc ky thuat van ludn tiem in nhftng nguy CO gay nen su "dd vd", bat an khdng the doan dinh trong tuong lai. Mdt the gidi sdng phii bdng phi ly tir hien thue den kiep ngudi, tir y nghT den ldi ndi, tir ben ttong den ben ngoai van ban, tir y thiic tac gia, tu hidng nhan vat den quan niem cua ddc gia... duge the hien tren binh dien hien thuc vdi nhiing mirc do khac nhau. Vi
TAP CH) KHOA HpC DAI HOC VAN HIEN TAP 6 SO 3 vay, tnrdc the gidi dd con ngudi ludn ludn ttong
tam the lo au vi khdng the ludng trudc nhiing bat an gi se den vdi minh.
Trong tieu thuyet duong dai, cd le khdng nhieu tieu thuyet cd cam quan hien thuc dac sac nhu Hd Anh Thai. Dac sac nhit cd le la hien thuc hien len mdt each cu the, cd gl do rat gan gui ddi sdng hien tai ciia ddc gia. Nha van da ve len mgt hien thuc day phi Iy, tae ddng manh me den cudc sdng con ngudi. Khaa sat tieu thuyet cua dng, chiing tdi nhan thay cac nhan vat cua nha van ludn phai ddi dien vdi mgt hien thuc chtia day nhirng nguy ca va bit an khdng the ludng trudc; nhirng tai nan diy bit ngd ludn rinh rap, cd the xay din bit ky liic nao. Dd cd the chi la nhtmg van de nhd nhat, cd the la nhiing bat an ma hau qua cua nd gay tdn hai den su sdng - tinh mang cua con ngudi.
Trong tieu thuyet Trong Strang hdng Men ra, thdng qua cdt truyen dan xen giila qua khii va hien tai, tac gia hudng ngudi dgc den cai nhin da chieu hon ve nhung gi dang dien ra va da xay ra ttong qua khir. Nhung suy cho cimg, thi thdng qua sir kien quay ve qua khii ciia Tan, de tat ca ciing nhin lai hien thuc d hien tai nhu thi nao?
Do la mgt hien thuc "dd vd" dugc hien ra ngay tir dau tac pham, mgt khu chung cu mdi Canh Ddng Xanh, tuy la chung cu mdi nhung suyt niia da lay di tinh mang cua bao cu dan do su cd "sut vd mgt ben". Ten ggi cua chung cu nhu ggi mgi ngudi din mdt thi gidi dang sdng cua con ngudi, mgt the gidi ma thien nhien va con ngudi sdng hai hda vdi nhau. Nhung sir thuc khdng nhu vay, cai chung cu mdi kia da bat chap thien nhien, dugc xay dung tren nen dat khdng vung chac, de sut Iiin, vay ma no van dugc xay dung.
Hinh anh hai ba chau Tan, nhu la su hien dien ciia ca hai thi he d thi gidi thirc tai, thi he trudc - ba, thi he sau - Tan, tudng ring ca hai thi he dang dugc hudng cudc sdng am no, hanh phiic, dugc hudng nhirng gi dugc xem la hien dai nhit thi lai phai doi mat vdi nhiing bat an, lo lang, nhu ngay trong chien tranh: "Trdi ai, cap mat ba cu da thiy nhieu, thay ca mdt fran dja phao cao xa trong nhiing nam chien tranh vdi nhirng chien s! mang to, mdi budi sang cdn hat hd i di liic ba
ngang qua, budi chieu da bien mat trong may hd bom nam nghin bang Anh, thay nhiing day nha cao tang chi cdn la ddng gach vun sau mdt fran buy diet eua bom My.. .Nhung tda nha ba sdng da hon hat chuc nam, ke tir khi nd vira dugc khanh thanh, nay bdng dung dd sup ve mgt phia thi ba khdng bao gid dam ngliT den, cung khdng dam nhin" (Hd Anh Thai, 2015: tr. 7), Ca rilu thuyet cii dan xen giiia hien tai va qua khii thdng qua nhan vat Tan, cho ddc gia cai nhin khach quan hon ve the gidi minh dang sdng. The gidi nao cung cd nhiing dieu phi ly, bat cdng trong dd va cung cd nhiing net dep rieng. Tuy nhien, qua dd chiing ta thay duoc giira thuc tai dugc sdng trong ty do, hda binh cdn biet bao nhirng noi lo, nhirng nil ro cd the cudp di mang sdng, cuap di hanh phiic cua con ngudi. Neu chung cu mdi Canh Ddng Xanh chi la hien than cho nhiing gia trj vat chat ciia xa hdi khdng the hudng con ngudi den cude sdng hanh phiic, thi nhiing con ngudi ttong do cung day nhiing ngudi xung quanh vao mdt cudc sdng day bat an vai biet bao thu doan.
Tat ca nhung bat an iy xuit hien day ngiu nhien va bat ngd, thudng true vay biia va de dga su tdn vong cua con ngudi.
Ngudi ddn bd tren ddo, mieu ta mdt hien thuc vdi day su bat an cho con ngudi dang sdng tren do, dao nhu la noi da chia cat con dudng den vdi hanh phiic cua nhirng "ngudi dan ba".
Trd ve sau chien franh, dang le trong nhirng thang ngay sau, nhiing co gai thanh nien xung phong ngay nao da dam ra chien trudng de thuc hien ttach nhiem thieng lieng cao ca cua nhung ngudi con dan tgc, se dugc hudng cudc sdng hanh phiic, se dugc xa hgi tdn vinh. Nhung thuc tai khdng nhu the, dat nudc sau chien ttanh can duoc chung tay xay dung lai, va lan nira, hg lai len dudng. Tudng rang sdng trong cupc sdng thai binh, nhiing cd thanh nien xung phong tuy da qua cai tudi thanh xuan rdi nhung chi it hg cQng se duoc hudng nhirng gi thuoc ve con ngudi, dd la cudc sdng hanh phiic ben gia dinh, cimg chdng va con minh. Vay ma chien ttanh da cudp di nhung ngudi ciing trang lira vdi hg, de rdi bay gid d lam tnidng nay, chi toan la "dan ba". Hg phai ddi dien vdi thuc tai, ddi dien vdi
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUMES NUMBERS nhiing ham muln rit con ngudi. Nhung chang
CO gi cd thi giiip hg thda dugc nhiing udc nguyen don so do. Ngudi dan ba trong dpi Nam nhan ra nhip song dn djnh hang ngay thuc chat chinh la mot "dudng viln" gidi ban cudc ddi co don trong su buIn te va nham chan. De thoat khdi cai ttat hi lap lai budn te va nham chan dd ciia minh, cd da din than vao cudc hanh frinh mang rinh chit khac biet, vugt ra khdi gidi han ciia "ducmg viln" van bao quanh cudc sdng cua cd, dd la viec khong chdng ma chua. Day thuc chit la viee ma ngudi dan ba dpi Nam chap nhan din than dl vugt thoat khdi cudc sdng te nhat, tim thudng dang lam ban than dan trd thanh mdt thuc thi ling ngap va tro li, roi vao trang thai hien hiiu chua thanh hien smh Khong chap nhan bi vin lip ttong cudc sing vd nghTa, don dieu va te nhat hang ngay iy, cd dan than vao mdt hanh ddng chiia diy nil ro de tim lai y nghTa dich thuc cua cudc sdng, ciing la y nghTa dich thuc vl su hien tdn cua ban than. Chap nhan din than dl vugt khdi cudc sdng te nhat, tim thudng nham khang dinh nhan vi dgc dao cua minh, con ngudi hien sinh trung thuc ddng thdi ciing phai chap nhan nhirng rui ro va bat an tren cudc hanh trinh din than ay, cho dii ddi khi cai gia phai tra la mdt cai gia qua dat. Trong trudng hpp cua ngudi dan ba ddi Nam, viec cd khdng chdng ma chira va nhiing su viec xay ra xung quanh sau dd la mdt minh chiing rd net cho tinh chat phi ly va bat an cua ddi sdng. Trong cudc tdn sinh day phi ly, than phan con ngudi be mgn va mong manh, ludn phai ddi mat vdi nhiing bat trac khdng ngimg biia vay va de dpa cuoc song cua minh.
Trong Ngudi vd xe chay dudi dnh trdng, ngudi dgc da nhan ra mgt hien thuc rat mdi la ttong tieu thuyet cua Hd Anh Thai. Dd la hien thuc hien len qua nhiing giac mo, hoi li'c va nhiing linh cam cua nhan vat. 6 do la mgt the gidl ma con ngudi phai sdng ttong noi lo au, ludn ddi dien vdi sir bat an. Chang ban nhu Taan, nhan vat chinh cua tieu thuyet, lien tue sdng trong nhiing am anh ve qua khii, nhiing din vat dau ddn ciia ky lic. Qua nhiing hii lic cua Toan, hien thuc ve cudc chien ttanh tan khoe va nhiing cai chet cii hien dan len mgt each rd net.
Chiln ttanh da cudp di cua Toan ngudi cha than yeu va ca tam hdn ttong sang ciia ttidi tte khiln cho anh phai tu buon chai kilm sdng va lu6n phai sdng khep minh vao mdt cdi rieng. "Cai chit cua ngudi cha khoet mdt Id hdng rat Ion trong tinh cam, cai tinh phu mau khdng m6t con ngudi nao cd thi thieu duac" (Ho Anh Thai, 2015: tt. 99). Chiln tranh cung da tan pha bilt bao nhieu ngdi lang nhd nhu ngdi lang ven do cua me con Trang dang so tan lam cho co phai rait me tir tam be va cudc sdng sau nay ciia co ludn bj am anh bdi nggn lira da thieu chay ca ngdi lang iy. Cdn nhirng ngudi tirng tham gia chiln franh nhu chii Ddn thi phai mang ttong minh thuong tat vTnh viln va ndi dau mat vg con khdng thi nao ngudi. Trong cai the gidi day "di vo", bit an dd cdn xuit hien nhung con ngudi CO hdi nhu Khuynh thuc hien dugc tham vpng ca nhan ciia minh bang mgi thii doan. Nhung trang nha van Hd Anh Thai viet ve chien ttanh gay in tucmg manh nhu; tran bom liia vao noi so tan cua me con Trang; cai nha ga cd dng xam mil vdi chiec nhi tdi tan, noi anh thuang binh nhat dugc Trang dang len con sot me man; cupc hgp mat nhan ngay thuong binh liet sT. ,
Nhu vay, qua cac tieu thuyet tten ciia Ho Anh Thai, con ngudi phai sdng trong mpt the gidi dd vd va ddi dien vdi hien thuc day bSt an vay bua thudng true va cd the xay den bat ki luc nao, con ngudi ta khdng the ngimg lo lang va bat an. Dd ciing chinh la cudc sdng ma con ngudi phai ddi mat hang ngay, mdt ddi sdng day phi ly va bat toan, chua dung day bat ttac va nguy CO, thudng xuyen de dga su tdn sinh ciia con ngudi. Tai hien mdt hien thuc chiia dung day yeu td bat an thudng true de dga cudc song cua con ngudi, nha van the hien cam quan ve mdt hien thuc mang mau sac phi ly in dau cua chu nghia hien sinh.
Coi ddi can vang tinh ngirdi
Tieu thuyet cua Ho Anh Thai hien len voi dau an hien sinh khdng chi qua cam quan ve mpt thi gidi do vd, bat an ma cdn cd cam quan ve thi gidi cita mdt cdi ddi it tinh ngudi. Trong nhilu tac phara van hgc ducmg thdi nhu: Vd khi tro bui, Mua a kiip sau ciia nha van Doan Minh
TAP CHI KHOA HpC OAI HOC VAN HIEN TAP 6 50 3 Phugng; Pans 11 thdng 8, T Mdt Tich ciia nha
van Thuan;... ciing de cap den cam quan hien thuc mang dau an hien sinh. Nlu d tilu thuylt ciia Doan Minh Phugng, dd la mgt cam quan mang diu an hien sinh vdi mgt thi gidi phi ly, xa la, thi vdi tilu thuylt ciia Thuan dd la mgt the gidi diy riy su thuc dung. Cdn den vdi tilu thuylt cua Hd Anh Thai, ngudi dgc lai cd cai nhin da chieu kich ban. Cu thi dd la mdt thi gidi ma dieu can nhat la tinh ngudi thi lai thieu ving.
Dac biet, tinh ngudi dugc tac gia nhic din diu tien la tinh cam gia dinh, vi gia dinh ludn dugc xem la nen tang cua xa hgi thi gin nhu ving bdng. 0 dd tinh cam gia dinh dugc hoan ddi bing nhiem vu thuc thi va nhung toan tinh chi ll, Khdng chi phai tran sir hoang vang tinh ngudi trong mdi quan he cha me, con cai, anh em, tieu thuyet cua nha van Hd Anh Thai cung di sau phan anh su hoang lanh trong moi quan he vo chong va su thd a, lanh dam giila ngudi va ngudi ttong eude sdng.
Mudi le mol dem la cau chuyen dugc md dau bang vu ngoai rinh ciia ba vg mdt dng VIP. Chi ri6ng su VI8c nay chting ta dl nhan thiy mdt khia canh ro net ciia the gidi can vang tinh ngudi, day la gia dinh khdng cdn la gia dinh. Rdi sau dd ddi tinh nhan bi ket Iai trong ngdi nha sudt mudi le mgt ngay. Trong sudt thdi gian nay, nhiing cau chuyen trong tri nhd dugc kl lai, duge xau chudi ldp lang hgp Iy, qua gdc nhin cua hai nhan vat chinh. Hang loat nhiing sd phan dugc phai bay la anh nghe sT cho mugn nha, ba me anh nghe Sl, hai dng giao su, me ciia vg ong VIP, cuge song ciia nhiing dng VIP, cudc sdng ciia anh tinh nhan, cudc ddi ciia vg dng VIP... Dd la nhiing san pham rat that cua thdi dai kinh te md cua d Viet Nam. Mdi cau chuyen deu dua ngudi dgc den cam nhan ve mdt the gidi thieu vang tinh ngudi. Cu thi, ngay cau chuyen dau tien ma ddi tinh nhan ke cho nhau nghe ve anh hga sT va me ciia anh ay, ta mdi thay hai me con sdng nhung thieu di cai quan ttgng nhat d ddi, dd chinh la tinh cam gia dinh, cai each ma ngudi con sdng, cd thi di dau do miy thang trdi ma khdng he quan tam den me, hay me anh, trudc ldi sdng cLia con minh, liic dau ba cdn quan tam, nhung
dan rdi ba ciing da bd mac ngudi con cd ldi sdng rat "nghe sT'.
Hien thuc ma Hd Anh Thai de cap den ttong SBC la sdn bdt chugt hoan toan la mgt the gidi can vang rinh ngudi: ket thuc tac pham hinh nhu ca mdt xa hdi loai ngudi dugc tac gia xay dung da thieu cai quan ttgng nhat de ttd thanh mgt xa hgi loai ngudi diing nghTa, do chinh la tinh ngudi. Cdn dam chugt kia, ket thiie tac pham la mdt hanh dgng tuan tiet tap the theo thii ITnh, mdt canh tugng cd phan hu cau nhung nd da de lai du am, am anh cho ngudi dgc. Biet bao cau hdi dat ra, sao mgt loai vat ban thiu the kia lai cd mdt hanh dgng dang ne den the? Cd le hanh ddng ay nhu la thu phap ngam so sanh cua nha van ve the gidi hai loai, the gidi loai vat day tinh ngudi, the gidi loai ngudi thi hoan toan ngugc lai. Trong chuang "Ai lam luat dimg dgc chuong nay ", song song vdi cau chuyen ve gia dinh luat su, la can chuyen ve mdt vj dai gia mien Trung vira di cu ra Ha Ndi sinh sdng, ca hai cau chuyen deu ve len mdt the gidi can vang tinh ngudi. Ci dd, tiln mdi dugc dat len tren het, chii khdng cdn cd tinh ngudi giira cdn ngudi vdi nhau. Dd lit su viec vi dai gia mien Trung vd tirih gay tai nan cho anh sinh vien ngheo, tuy anh nay mdi chi gay chan, va luc nay xe da dimg, mgi ngudi xung quanh hd hao hudng dan vi tai x8 dai gia liil xe de ttanh can vao ngudi sinh vien.
Tuy nhien, "Ga nghT rat nhanh. Tinh ttang thang nay te lam rdi. Nd ma sdng thi phai nudi nd ca ddi. Ai lai xe ciing biet nan nhan cut que thi khdng chi den mdt lan. Mdt thang be tam tudi chay cat ngang dudng cai. Dam phai nd thi ca lang do ra. Day la lao ddng chinh cua gia dinh.
Lao dgng chinh gia den bii phai khac fre dang tudi an tudi choi. Thudc thang chay ehua. Sau nay thinh thoang gia dinh nd lai len, em gai nd can tien di hgc, em ttai nd benh hiem ngheo ma nd khong the kiera tien de giiip. Mdi lan xin dam bay tram, ddi ba ttieu. Tha rang ngay ay dam nd chet ludn, den mdt cue, khdng den ndi chung than phien phiic nhu the nay" (Hd Anh Thai, 2016: tt. 222). Vi sg nudi ngudi cdn sdng ma tan tat se vat va ban den tien cho ngudi bi nan, vi dai gia da quyet djnh nhan ga, can qua dau nan
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUMES NUMBER 3 nhan, cudp di mdt mang ngudi nhu ragt viec giet
mdt con ruoi hay mudi. "Nhu mdt ria chdp lde sang trong dau. Liii liii liu. Nhieu ngudi het.
Diing yen dimg yen diing yen. Nhdn nhao.
Khdng diing yen ciing khdng liii. Tha rang den mdt cue. Ga lam nhu khdng hieu y. Ga nhan ga len mdt ti. Rdp mdt cai. Banh phai hoi nay len.
Liii liii liu. Liii a, thi liii. Ga liu xe lai, mgt lan niia nghien qua cai vat ran kia, gid da hep. Mdt tiln mdt liii, dam bao chet ban" (Hd Anh Thai, 2016: tr. 222). Thi mdi thiy thi gidi d day hien len vdi mgt coi ma khdng co cho cho rinh ngudi tdn tai. Cdn nhan vat luat su, tnrdc vu an do, khdng phai dng dimg ra bao ve le phai ma hgc luat la de lach luat. "Cd ngudi din gap mgt vi luat su va hdi, c6 phai dng la luat su hang nhat, cd the eai cho ke giet ngudi thanh ra khong giet?
Diing. Cd phai dng thudng ddi mgt nghin dd la thu lao tu van cho ba can hdi? Diing, dng ndi nhanh len, cau hdi thir ba la gi?" (Hd Anh Thai, 2016: fr. 219). Xa hdi sinh ra luat phap la de bao ve le phai, de benh vuc ke yeu, vay ma gid day lai hoan toan ngugc lai. Chang cdn gi la ly chii dimg ndi chi din tinh. Nhung ehua dimg Iai ve quan diem, each hanh nghe cua vj luat su, tac gia cdn td ve len mdt vi luat su cdn ghe hon the:
"Ong thay cai vu nay li ky. Hap dan. Ong cd van cho ga hgp Iy hda chuyen danh trao ngudi. Luat phap lam ra de cho ngudi ta tan dung ke hd. Luat su la ngudi giiip cho ngudi ta tim ra ke hd" (Hd Anh Thai, 2016: tt. 224). Ching phai vj luat su nay tdt den the, ma vi "Thuc sir thi dng ngui ra d dai gia nay miii giau, Tien vang chay vao nha nhu sudi. Giu quan he lau dai vdi ga khong di dau ma thiet" (H6 Anh Thai, 2016: tt. 224). Tac gia cdn vi von mia mai sau cay ve ldi sdng ving bong tinh ngudi, khdng cd trai tim cua cac vj luat su. "Mdt ngudi benh cin thay tim, Bac sT cho dng ta ba kha nang lira chgn. Cd ba qua ttm.
Thii nhat la tim cua mdt luc sT cii ta bi tai nan trong liic tap luyen. Thti hai la tim cua mgt chang thuy thii tudi hai muoi. Thir ba la tim cua mgt luat su da hanh nghe ba chuc nam. Ngay lap tiic benh nhan ndi ludn, tdi chgn qua tim ciia luat su. Vi sao? Vi chic chin do la qua tim khdng hi su dung, cdn nguyen nhu mdi" (H6 Anh Thai,
2016- tr 224). Tac gia da muon hinh anh ttai tim nhu la bieu tugng cua lucmg tam, tinh yeu thuang eon ngudi, each xep dat nhiing nhan vat cho rim cung rit dac biet. Dau tien dd la mpt luc sT cir ta, ngudi thudng sir dung den ca bip nhieu hon la ttai tim, nhung vin chua sao sanh kip vl kha nang it su dung cua nd vdi nhiing ngudi hanh nghe luat su. Thii hai la trai tim ciia mpt thanh nien hai muoi tudi, vi cdn tre nen su ding cam sau sac, hieu ddi, thuang ngudi d trai tim chang thanh nien nay van cdn it, nhung nd van cdn thua nhieu ve viec su dung trai tim ciia cac vi luat su. Vi luat su nay khdng phai la mpt ngudi mdi vao nghe, ma da vao nghe ba muai nam, tiic la hon nam muoi nam sdng d ddi, cung da di het hai phan ba cudc ddi nhung trai tim vin cdn nguyen mdi. Vay mdi thay sau cay, tham thia lam sao ve ragt nghe can lam rinh ngudi, dac biet d xa hdi Ddng phuang, ngudi ta thudng ndi "mdt bd cai ly khdng bang mgt ti cai tinh"
thi d day, mdt ty cai tinh do cdn chua cd thi heu mgt bd cai ly vdi luat su kia cd cdn co khdng?
Dd la ttong cdng viec, ngoai xa hpi, cdn trong mdi quan he gia dinh, eu the la vdi me minh khi ngudi bd da mat, cung hien len vdi su thieu vang ciia tinh ngudi. Chi vi me ngan can viec cho thue nha lam quan ca phe ma vi luat su da bao chii quan di bao cdng an den lap bien ban xii phat chinh me minh. "Anh bao cac cau cii di bao cdng an, phat vi canh cho mdt lan, ba iy chira ngay" (Hd Anh Thai, 2016: fr. 247). Vay thi con gi la tinh miu tu? Hay viec mgi ngudi den tham me ciia luat su sau vu tai nan, thi ngay sau do diia con da vgi budc vao budng me khdng phai de tham hdi ma de lay tien mgi ngudi den tham.
"Dang ban hoan thi dng con budc vao phong.
Ba nop tien day cho con" (Hd Anh Thai, 2016:
tr, 249), Rdi sau dd la bat nop tien Ii xi tet.
Nhung chua dimg lai d dd, sau khi ngudi me bi dot quy, luat su da tim each ban ngdi nha ma trudc do ngudi me nhat quyet khdng cha ban, va dua ba vao vien dudng lao. De rdi sau khi ra khdi vien, hai me con kien tung nhau. Ket thtic chuang nay, cau chuyen ve me con luat su hien len dam net vdi mgt the gidi ma khdng cd cho diing cha tinh ngudi, tinh mau tir la thii rinh cam
TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HOC VAN HIEN TAPS SO 3 thieng lieng nhat trong cudc ddi cua con ngudi,
vay ma d day nd cung hoan toan thilu vang.
Ngoai biic tranh nhd vl cudc sdng tten, ttong SBC Id sdn bdt chugt cdn biet bao biic franh khac ve ra mdt the gidi ma tinh ngudi la mdt dilu gi dd xa vdi. Dd la hinh anh Dai Gia, dng Cdp, cd Bao, chu Tho,... Mdt the gidi ma ngudi va chugt cir dan xen, dieu dang ndi hon chinh la chugt hien ra vdi nhirng gi ma con ngudi dang thieu, sdng ed tinh ngudi han ngudi.
Ngudi dan bd trin ddo dugc nha van viet vao nam 1985, bdi canh tieu thuyet nam trong thdi ky ddi mdi, gia tri vat chit dugc de cao hon tinh thin. Chinh vi the, diu an hien sinh dugc bieu hien ro qua viec tac gia khac hga len mdt the gidi thilu vang tinh ngudi, con ngudi de frd nen tha hda va roi vao be tac khi nhu cau cam an ao mac, vi tri xa hgi khdng dugc dap ting ciing nhu thoa man. Nhan vat cd Luyen khi da phai duong dau vdi bilt baa thii thach de cd the thuc hien thien chuc lam me. Trudc su viec dd, thay vi cd nhiing hanh ddng the hien su cam thdng, tinh ngudi, thi dng phd giam ddc duoc phen ha da, nhat quyet hgp phe binh de tim ra "cai dudi chugt". Ai ddi ca dgi Nam toan dan ba con gai lai nay ndi ra ragt cd khdng chdng ma chiia? Hg ra chien ttudng la nhirng cd gai thanh men xung phong himg hue sire tre va khi the chien dau. Hp chien dau va lao dgng quen minh vi mgt niem tin rang hoa binh thi se hanh phiic. The nhung bang di hang chue nam, thanh xuan da trdi di tren nhiing hinh anh va cau hat cd gai md dudng; ttong tay hg chi cdn tudi xl chieu va sir don than le bdng.
Dang le hg phai dugc cam thdng, dang dugc nhan nhiing dieu tdt dep nhit ma hg ximg dang nhat. Hg cung cd due vgng, cung cd ham mudn, va tten het cd nhu cau hoan thanh thien chiic lam me. Budc ra tir khang chien, nhiing nu cuu chien binh ay hoac qua liia, hoac khdng tim dugc ngudi phii hgp bdi nhiing ngudi dan ong ay da hy sinh hoac khdng cdn kha nang sinh san. Tieu thuyet dimg lai d mdt ket thiic lirng lo va cd phin hut hing vdi mau dd tham cang tir mdt vu tai nan.
Trong Tranh Van Gogh mua de dot, biet bao cau chuyen nhd hien len mdt the gidi vdi sy
thieu vang ciia nhan tinh. Dd la hinh anh dng Cdp di ciiu ttg ngudi dan trong tran lut ljch sir, tudng ring do la mdt nghTa cii cao dep ciia tinh ngudi trong xa hdi loai ngudi, nhung khdng, dd nhu la mdt each de danh bdng ten tudi ciia Cdp.
Mdi Ian di cthi trg, chi la thiing mi tdm, nhung theo dng la biet bao nhieu canh nha bao. Tinh ngudi trang xa hdi liic nay da dugc thay bang nhiing vu Igi ca nhan. Cdn ghe ran hem khi nhiing ngudi dugc cim ttg dang le hg da di tan di nhung vi cdn mgt nhiem vu "thieng lieng" la danh bdng ten tudi ciia mgt vai ngudi ma hg phai d Iai, lenh denh tten nhung mai nha giira bien nudc. "Thuc ra lire lupng ciiu hd da cd the dua gia dinh nay di rdi, nhung ngudi ra giu hg lai lam hoan canh dien hinh cho lanh dao den tham hdi. Tham hdi xong, frao do ciiu trg xong, quay phim chup anh xong thi dua ea gia dinh di sa tan cung cdn kip" (Hd Anh Thai, 2018: fr. 102). Nlu khdng vi cai suy nghT "ciing cdn kjp" kia thi cd le ba cu da khdng phai mat mang trong tran lii.
Nhung tac gia ehua dimg lai d dd, birc tranh ve the gidi hoang vang tinh ngudi cdn dugc ve len mgt each dam dac hon khi hanh ddng lau nudc mat cua dng Cdp, trong gia co that, dng liy khan lau mat la that, dng chgn diing liic hinh anh ba lao gia yeu dang chdng chgi vdi bao lut la that, nhung cai gia thi ai ciing biet dd la dng lau mat vi hat bui bay vao mat cua minh. "Ong Cdp nit khan tay cham vao khde mat. Nudc mat hay la mdt hat bin nudc. Hay nay gid di xudng cao tdc cap mat phai chiu ap suat gid da cay cay da hda do ke. Gi thi ragi ngudi cung da ghi nhan dng dang lau mat. Cac loai dng kinh dang ghi nhan.
Anh ghi nhan" (Hd Anh Thai, 2018: tt. 104).
Trudc sir viec dau thucmg nhu the, nhung cd le dng Cdp khdng cd mgt chiit cam thuang vi nan nhan "trudc khi ngat di cdn kip nhin thay dng Cdp dua miii soa cham khde mat lan niia, va gan nhat la cau phdng vien anh ghe xudng frdn xoe mit nhin" (Hd Anh Thai, 2018. tr. 107-108).
Trong Coi ngudi rung chudng tan the, mdt the gidi can vang tinh ngudi cung hien len dam dae. O dd cai ac hien dien khap noi, hem niia no cdn phd bien d ldp thanh nien hien tai, nhiing chil nhan tuong lai cua dat nudc. Tieu thuyet
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUMES NUMBERS nhu mdt hdi chudng canh bao cho coi ngudi neu
khdng kip thoat ra khdi cai ac thi se phai tra gia bang ca mang sdng etia minh. Mac dii, mach truyen phat frien theo hudng cd su can thiep ciia yeu td tam hnh, nhung tten cai nen dd, hien ra mdt the gidi day am muu due tinh, thu doan fra thil va gianh giat nhau de hudng thu. Bdn nhan vat: Cdc, Bdp, Phu va nhan vat Tdi dai dien cho mdt the he thanh nien duong dai nhung lai sdng khdng muc dich, khdng ly tudng va ngay cang xa rdi eon ngudi de budng theo nhiing due vgng thti tinh, biy dim, bd lac,... Cudc sdng vdi hg chi la mdt chudi ngay dai tu tap dua xe, rdi chem giet lan nhau, tim dT chen diem, dua ddi nhau.
Hg sdng ma khdng biet gia tri cua cude sdng, gia tri ciia chinh ban than hg. "Rdi se den luc ngudi ta khdng hinh dung ndi chuyen nhung nam dau thap nien thti chin etia the ky hai muai cd mgt lu thanh nien choai chaai phdng xe may nhu mat tri tten nhiing dudng phd hep du mgi thanh phan xe CO. Dudng hep thi mac dudng hep, day la thdi dai cua tdc dd. An udng thi ed mgi thii an lien, hpc hanh va cdng viec thi deu cd ldi di tat, vui chai giai tti deu cd thir tau nhanh, yeu thi ciing la thii tinh yeu tdc dp, da dugc dam bao bang tu do ca nhan va bao cao su OK Nha Vd Djch cimg thude franh thai Choice" (Ho Anh Thai, 2013:
fr. 83). Cuge sdng khdng cdn chd cho tinh ngudi. Phai chang the gidi dd khdng cdn can can cdng ly, khdng cdn chuan muc dao dtic de canh tinh hg, de keo hg ve vdi cudc sdng hay budc dudng ciing la cd the trimg phat hg.
Qua mdt sd tilu thuyet tren cua Ho Anh Thai, cd the nhan thiy mgt the gidi can ving tinh ngudi hien ra dam dac, the gidi do da diy con ngudi phai ddi dien vdi nhiing du cam ve cudc sdng khdng y nghia ma chi nhu cd cay hoa la, Tai hien mdt hien thue ma cai can cd nhit la rinh ngudi thi lai thieu vang, thay vao dd chi la su ich ky, vu lgi, toan tinh nha van thi hien cam quan ve mdt hien thuc mang mau sac phi ly in dau an ciia chii nghTa hien sinh.
Cuoc song Ion sdng cdc chdn gid tri
^ Tilu thuylt cua Hd Anh Thai hien len vdi dau in hien sinh khdng chi qua cam quan vl mdt the gidi dd vd, bat an, cua mdt cdi ddi it tinh
ngudi ma nd cdn hien len vdi mdt cuge sdng gap vdi, Ion sdng cac chan gia trj. Neu ttudc do, nhieu nha van ducmg dai nhu: Nguyin Binh Phuong vdi tieu thuylt Ngdi, Thogt ki thiiy;
Nguyen Danh Lam vdi tieu thuyet Giira vdng vdy trdn gian, Giiia ddng chdy lac, Cuge ddi ngodi cua;... da dem Iai cho dgc gia an tugng ve mdt hien thuc day ray sir phi Iy, bat ttic, vo nghTa, te nhat. Thi den vdi tieu thuyet ciia H6 Anh Thai, ngudi dgc lai cd cai nhin sau sac hon, do la mdt the gidi ma cac chan ly, gia fri gin nhu dao Idn hoan toan. Cu th8, dd la su xen cai ciia cai ac va cai thien, cai cao ca va cai th3p hen, cai sang trgng di lien vdi cai nheeh nhac, cai ttong sudt xen lin cai pham tue... Bdi le, thdi hien dai la thdi ky xuat hien nhieu bien ddng. Con ngudi bi cudn vao ddng xoay ciia nhiing bien cd, x6 day khdng ngting. Va Hd Anh Thai da thanh cdng khi da ve len mdt hien thirc nhu dang hien ra, phoi ra trudc mat dgc gia.
Tai hien mgt hien thuc vdi cudc sdng gap vdi, Idn sdng cae chan gia fri trong cac sang tac cua minh, Hd Anh Thai trudc het khac hga mpt ddi sdng Idn sdng cac gia trj van hda cua xa h6i.
Trong SBC Id sdn bdt chugt, vj Dai Gia giau co ludn tlch cue lam tii thien la the, nhung thuc chat VI nay giau cd la nhd budn lau, rdi dimg tien ldi bi budn lau dau ca vao bit ddng san. Vay ma dugc ca xa hdi tdn vinh nhu mdt ngudi cd tam hudng thien, giau cd nhung biet giiip dd mpi ngudi. Hay dng Cdp nhd ddng tien tir pha rimg, dng da diing nd de mua chiic, rdi lam giau eho ban than minh. Vay ma vin dugc ca xa hdi trgng vgng nhu mdt vi thanh quan thanh dat, Hay hinh anh cd nha Bao tir thdi sinh vien da biet chay manh, den khi di lam thi khdng lo lam bao ma mai chii tam vao viec kinh doanh hang hda phuc vu ve sinh cho ddng nghiep. Hay chu Tho, thi lam tha lang nhang nhat nheo nhung lai quang cao la tha bat hit vdi thdi gian. Hay vi giao su dang kinh trudc mgi ngudi la the nhung lai ludn ga tinh, vdi rien hgc trd,...
Trong Coi ngudi rung chudng tdn thi, ta da bat gap mgt hien thuc ma cac gia tri bj dao Ion, thuc hu hda vao nhau nhu the. Thdng qua cai nhin "suong sa" ciia tu duy tilu thuylt, nha van
TAP CHf KHOA Hpc DAI HpC VAN HIEN ddi thoai vdi nhan vat, vdi dde gia vl nhiing gia trj cua cudc sdng, vl nhirng vin dl da va dang nay sinh frong xa hgi hien dai. Cau chuyen mang mau sac phi thuc, nhung thdng qua dd nha van da khai quat len nhung thuc te cudc sdng ma cac gia tri chan Iy khdng tdn tai. Trdn vao frong cai phi thuc ay la nhung eai thuc tan nhan cua cudc song hien dai. Chang han Thi, cd dugc dia vi cao, duge mgi ngudi tdn frgng nhung qua ngdi biit ciia Hd Anh Thai ta thay d y la sire manh cua ke lam tien va quyen lire nhu chay chirc, chay trudng, thao tiing dieu khien mgi viec. Ve huu roi nhung Thi van dii siic thao hing: "Dem ay anh The ggi di8n vao thu xep hit vdi benh vien, vai h^ng khdng. Con chau cua anh khi chit vin cdn cd dae quyen. Hang khdng dii khdng mudn chd xac chet thi van phai chd, hai xac ehet trong vdng mdt ttiin" (H6 Anh Thai, 2013: tt. 98).
Trong khi nhiing ngudi binh thudng khac thi
"Vay la nhiing ba cd ong manh chet di rdi vin cdn chia ngdi thii nhu khi con sdng. Ke vin dugc dac quyen. Ke thi hoan toan khdng" (Hd Anh Thai, 2013: fr. 98). Su tinh tao trong phan anh hien thuc cd the lam chimg ta cam thay dau long nhung ciing khdng the phii nhan thai dp trung thue, diing cam cua nha van trudc cudc ddi. Tae gia manh dan 16n an cai ac de con ngudi tinh ngd va di theo cai thien.
Den Mudi le mgt dem, nha van van nhin cudc song, con ngudi ma d do eae chan gia tn bi Idn song. Thi gidi dd hien ra vdi ve hai hudc, cham biem. Vdi hoa sT Chudi Hot, xoay quanh nhan vat nay bilt bao gia tn da bi dao ion. Dau tien do la sd thieh cdi trudng tir be, Idn rdi cau nay van duy tri sd thich nay, den miic mgi ngudi song xung quanh phai xau hd thay cho mgt chang thanh nien. Vay ma trong con mat ciia xa hdi rgng Idn kia, da biet sd thich quai dj dd thanh bac thay cua yoga "Thay hga sT cdi bet md het frdng cay chudi hot. Hg cung edi het md het trdng chudi theo. Din vdi nhau xuat phat tinh yeu hgi hga. Ben ehat vdi nhau nhd tinh yeu yoga van minh phuang Dong" (Hd Anh Thai, 2006: tr. 36). Liic dau chi la tinh cd vay, hieu nhim vay, the ma cudi ciing vj hga sT cung da chdp liy thdi ea dd "md Idp yoga chi cd day cho
Tay, lai chi cd day cho Tay nao cd the lam an hdi hga" (Hd Anh Thai, 2006: tt.36). Cai sd thich quai di do cdn bj danh trao vdi mdt each sdng kha thinh hanh d Tay phuang dd la tam nuy. "Ga cdi het ra md het ra. Nam phoi het ra tten bai cat. Mdt ddn mudi mudi ddn fram, bai bien nay cd khu tam nuy. Tam trudng. Ta ddn vdi ta rdi lan sang Tay, Tay lai ddn vdi Tay.
Sang ngay thii hai ga nam phoi cdng cu dugc mdt liie thi cd may Tay keo sang, ciing than nhien nam nuy het ca ra. Mdt gid sau thi them ca Tay ca ta keo din" (Ho Anh Thai, 2006: fr. 21). Phai may ngay sau, do lugng ngudi ni nhau di tam nuy cang Iiic cang ddng, chinh quyen mdi hay, rdi mdi tung quan di dep. Mgt hanh ddng dugc xem la quai dj, mdt hga sT dugc mgi ngudi dat cho biet danh "chim de ngoai quan" vay raa nd dugc xem nhu la mgt net van hda cua phuong Tay vira duac du nhap vao Viet Nam. Ciing thdng qua chan dung nhan vat hga sT, mgt gia tri bl Ion sdng dugc nha van ve len rd net do la mgt hga sT, ragt nha ly luan ve hdi hpa nhung ga lai khong he biet ve. Vay ma biet bao hga sT khac chi mong nhan dugc nhirng ldi khen che ciia chang "Khdng ve ma cdn hon ca ve, gidi hpa sT cii phai ngong ngdng xem chang sap danh bdng ai sap giet ai. Ngudi dugc chang thdi tat nhien la ndi danh Bj chang gi ciing ndi danh ndt. Mdt ddi lam hdi hoa ma khdng dugc chang nhac den mdt ddng thi chi la rac, cd quyen ban ddi. Cai ddi bat tai" (Ho Anh Thai, 2006: tt, 21), Gia trj ciia mgt tac pham hdi hga lite nay da bj dao Idn, lieu mgt ngudi khdng he biet gi ve hdi hga, nhung nhiing ldi ndi cua anh ta lien quan den gia tri cua tac pham hdi hga thi that dang lo, dang sg. Cdn nhieu biic chan dung biem hga ve len mdt the gidi Idn sdng cac chan gia fri, nhu vi
"giaa su tien sT vien trudng" ngudi chdng thti nam cua ngudi dan ba. Nhung dieu trai khoay d day, vi nay nguyen la ky su hda chat vay ma sau do dugc quy hoach lam can bd ngudn sang quan ly khoa hgc xa hdi. Giao su bao ve luan an hen sT d Diie nhung lai khdng he biet tieng Dtic. Dac biet hon, mac dii la mgt ngudi cd vj tti cao quy trong xa hdi, mgt ngudi thiy ciia nhiing thac sT, tien sT vay ma hien len khdng phai la tlnh thiy
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUMES NUMBERS ttd, ma la rinh nhan. "Dudi tay chang baa nhieu
luan thac sT tien sT ndi hda bao ve thanh cdng.
Bao nhieu nil tten sT sinh ra mdt de tai la san ra mdt diia con. Con cai cua cac nil tien sT nay dira nao ttdng ciing gidng diia nao. Thanh ra mgt quy udc ngim la can cai cac nii tien sT khdng dugc yeu nhau lay nhau. Anh em chung mgt ddng mau nhu thi cd ma loan" (Hd Anh Thai, 2006:
tr. 88). Cdn gi Ion sdng hon nira, khi cac gia fri giila danh nghTa va thuc tiln khac nhau mdt ttdi mdt vuc.
Trong Tranh Van Gogh mua de dot, chan dung bac sT Gachet la birc tranh nhd, Hd Anh Thai mudn ban den khung canh to hon: biic tranh cudc ddi. Xoay quanh chudi su viec mua ttanh - dot tranh - ciiu franh, nhung manh ddi cil the hien len nhu nhirng manh ghep khac nhau cua biic tranh hang ttam, hang nghin manh. Anh giam ddc truyen thdng xuat than tir vj tti tdng bien tap eua ragt td bao Idn, gid chuyen sang lara cho tap doan to nhat nhi Viet Nam. Tam tri anh van ludn dan vat vi khdng ciru dugc ngudi trong eon thac lii, gid day anh quyet tam ciiu bile franh sap bj ddt thanh tro bui. Cdn hanh dgng thuong cam cua dng Cdp la gia vay ma dugc dang bao vdi mdt ngudi cd tam Idng rdng Idn lai la that, va nd dugc dat trudc ca nhiing gigt nudc mat cua anh trudng phdng tda soan, khi anh xa than quen minh de ciiu ngudi nhung khi ddi mat vdi cai chet, sau khi dugc ciiu va ttnh day, anh da khoe, tieng khdc xe Idng, tieng khdc vi minh da khong the cim dugc mdt mang ngudi. "Chi ngay ngay hdm sau, mgt phdng vien bao ban da cd ludn bai ve gigt nudc mat trong ngay baa lut.
Dau tien la ke chuyen dng Cop dua khan chara gigt nudc mat khi din tham gia dinh ngoi tren mai ngdi Sau do fran khoe nhu mua nhu bao cua mdt tdng bien tap, ngudi da lao minh xudng ciiu dan ma khdng cim dugc. Khdc nhu mua nhu bao, bai bao lap lai cau nay, nhiing hai lan"
(Hd Anh Thai, 2018: tr. 109).
Tdm lai, qua mdt sd tieu thuyet tren cua Hd Anh Thai, mdt the gidi ma chan Iy, gia trj bj daa Ion hien len qua cai nhin da chieu. Nha van da soi chieu nhiing chan ly, gia tri do d nhilu gdc canh, nhieu binh dien, dat nd d nhilu thdi gian.
khdng gian khac nhau de kham pha nhiing mang khuit lip. Nhd dd ma Hd Anh Thai da xay dung thanh cdng nhilu ehan dung hien thuc trong tilu thuylt hien len bl bdn, nhieu gdc khuat, nhieu trang thai, nhilu gia tri tdt xau dan cai vao nhau.
Ve len mgt hien thuc da day con ngudi vao hanh trinh di tim ehan ly, gia tri ciia cudc sdng - mpt trong nhiing nguyen nhan ra ddi cua chu nghTa hien sinh, nha van da thi hien cam quan ve mpt hien thuc in dam dau an cua chu nghTa hien sinh.
K i t luan
Nhirng chuyen Idn nhd ay dugc dan cai vao nhau tao nen hien thuc nheeh nhac, tham hai nhu mdt tam guang ldi ma nha van dua ra de khi budc vao do ta se thay nhirng hinh hai meo md, di dang, hie cudi. Nhiing hinh anh dupc phdng to bet ca khd cd the nhan ra mdt ngucri cu the nhung soi ky thi ai ciing thiy rang hinh nhu cd mgt phan cua minh trong do. Ho Anh Thai vilt dl tai sinh ddi tugng, viet vdi tinh than dung xay, vdi niem tin. Hudng ngdi but vao doi tugng thi dan, nha van da phan anh mgt hien thuc da dang, phong phii. Hi8n thuc ay khong chi la cai nhin thay dugc ma cdn la ca mdt ddi sdng ben frong tam hon con ngudi khd nam bat, Ben canh do, hien thuc cdn hien len ttong tac pham cua tac gia ddc dao nhu mgt nha coi ma trong dd mdi con ngudi, mdi cudc ddi la nhftng manh vd, nhung xung luc khae nhau. Hien thuc do lg ra qua cai nhin nhieu chieu, sau sac ciia nha van. Nhieu trang thai ddi sdng ttong tieu thuylt da duge tac gia xay dung theo nguyen tac hai hudc va lat tay. Do dd, nhftng cai tim thudng, tran tue cua ddi sdng con ngudi da dugc nha van phoi bay tren trang giay mot each tu nhien, sdng ddng.
Vdi viec chi ra dau in ciia chu nghia hien sinh nhin tu cam quan hien thuc frong heu thuyet cua Hd Anh Thai hy vong da khang djnh dugc ddng gdp dgc dao cua nha van Ho Anh Thai vao ddng chay lien mach cua khuynh hudng hien sinh frong van xudi Viet Nam thdi ky sau Ddi mdi. Qua do, cdng trinh ciing gop phin md ra mdt hudng tiep can mdi vdi cac sang tac cua nha van, ddng thdi ciing khing djnh vj thi dac biet cua dng tten van dan.
86
TAP CHI KHOA HpC OAI HpC VAN HIEN TAPS 50 3
Tai lieu t h a m k h a o Ho Anh Thai (2013). Coi ngirdi rung chudng tdn thi.
Tp. H6 Chi Minh, Nxb Tre, fr, 83-243.
Ha Minh Diic (2002). Ly luan van hoc. Ha Noi, Nxb ^ 6 Anh Thai (2015a). Ngudi dan bd tren ddo Tp.
Giao due. H i Chi Minh, Nxb Tre.
Trin Thai Dinh (2015). Triil hoc hien smh. Ha Npi, H6 Anh Thai (2015b). Ngirdt vd xe chgy dirdi dnh Nxb Van hpc, fr. 15-79. frang-. Tp. H6 Chi Minh, Nxb Tre, tr 99
Nguyin Dang Diep ( 2 0 1 3 ) , / / d ^ t t / ; Thdi, ngudi me ^^Anh1ha\{2Q\5c).Trongsuanghdnghi4nra.T^.
chai cdu true - Coi ngudi rung chudng tdn H6 Chi Minh: Nxb Tre, tr. 7.
thi. Tp. H6 Chi Minh, Nxb Tre, fr. 384-405. H6 Anh Thai (2016). SBC Id sdn bdt chudi. Tp. H6 D6 Diic Hilu (1978). Phe phdn van hoc hien sinh chu Chi Minh, Nxb Tre, tr. 219-249
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Nam Viet Nam 1954-1975 (tren binh dien ly Bui Thanh Truyin, Le Bien Thuy (2009). Nhung thuyet) Tgp chi Nghien cuu Vdnhgc,9,tt.9l-92. each tan quan niem nghe thuat v l con ngudi Ho Anh Thai (2006). Mudi le mgt dim. Da N i n g , trong tieu thuyet Ho Anh Thai. Tgp chi khoa
N x b D a N a n g , f r 21-88. hgc Dgi hoc Hui, ! 7 , t r . 5 1 .
