60 CHAUMYNGAY NAY
MOT SO BIEN PHAP THUC D A Y NANG LUONG SACH VA NANG CAO HIEU QUA SlT DUNG NANG LUONG DUOl THOI T O N G THONG OBAMA
D
di vdi mdt nen kinh te cd quy md khdng Id vdi trinh dp ea gidi hda, tu ddng hda, dien khi hda cae nhu ciia My, viec dam bao duy tri dupc ngudn eung nang lupng day du va khdng gian dpan la ydu td sdng cdn.De Iam dupc dieu dd, My phai cd co che dieu tiet viec cung img va su dung nang lupng frpng ca ngan ban va dai han.
Dieu het frpng ngin han la khie phuc, tieu giam nhitng bidn ddng len xudng nhanh chdng va bat thudng vd eung - ciu fren thi trudng nhien lieu. Didu tidt frong dai ban la da dang hda ngudn eung nhien lieu, md rdng khai thac cae ngudn nhien lieu thep hudng than thien vdi mdi trudng song song vdi nang cao hieu qua sir dung nhien lieu.
Hien nay, bidn ddi khi hau va d nhidm mdi trudng ma tac nhan ldn nhit la qua trinh khai thac va su dung nang lupng ciia cpn ngudi la mdt frong nhiing tam diem nghi su toan cau. Vdi gia tpc tieu dimg, phuong thuc khai thac va su d\mg nang lupng nhu hidn nay, frpng mpt tuong Iai khdng xa, con ngudi se phai ganh chiu hau qua nang nd tit bidn ddi khi hau, tham chi cd thd di tdi diet vong. Vidn canh nay dem Iai thdch thitc chp tat ca cae qudc gia. Vdi vi the "sieu
fio Vu Hinig*
cudng duy nhit" frong qua khir, vi nhiing Ipi ich hidn tai ciing tham vong tuong lai, My bupc phai the hien vai frd tien phong, mgnh me frong nd lire giai quyet van de nay.
Trong eae tuydn bd ve Chien lupc ddi moi nupc My (A Sfratergy fpr American limovation) cac nam 2009, 2011 va 2015 cua Tdng thdng Obama, thuc day mpt cudc each mang ve nang lupng saeh la mpt frong nhung miii nhon uu tien dot pha cua Chinh quyen Lien bang. De thuc Men didu nay, Chinh quydn Lien bang da su dung phdi hpp cac cdng eu ehinh sach: tit hd frp tai chinh thdng qua tin dung thue, hoac bao lanh cho vay ddi vdi cae nha san xuit kinh dpanh nang lupng su dung edng nghe mdi, tai frp true tiep vao cac du an nghien ciiu ve nang lupng mdi chp tdi thiic diy hmh thanh va thuc thi cac tieu chuin mdi ve san xuat va tieu dimg nang lupng.
1. Tai trgf cho cac du an nghien ciiu ve nang luvng sach
Hudng tdi mpt cudc each mang ve nang lupng sach, Chinh quyen Lien bang tiep tuc diu hi chp eae du an nghien ciiu giai phap nang lupng sach.
Dudi thdi Tdng thdng Obama, thdng (*) Vien Nghien dm Chdu My
CHAU MY NGAY NAY
qua Co quan Cac d\r an Nghien ciiu Tang cudng vd Nang lupng (ARPA-E), Bo Nang lupng da hd ttp cho hon 100 du an tri gia gan 400 trieu USD vdi tham vpng cd the thay dpi mdt each can ban each thuc san xuat va sir dung nang luang. Bd la cac du an nghien ciiu cac giai phap nhu: san xuit nhidn lieu sinh hpc hieu qui han tii ngudn didn nang tai tao; thidt ke, che t?o hoan chinh cac mau pin mdi gdp phin phat tridn phuong tien giao thdng dien; giam trii d nhiem carbon tu cac nha may nhiet dien than bang phuomg phap hieu qua vdi chi phi thap; va theo dudi cac edng nghe cd thd
"thay ddi cudc choi" khae.
2. Thiic day san xuat va su- dung nang lutfng sach thong qua phat trien va ban hanh cac tieu chuan nang luo'ng
Thep thdng ke nam 2013, giao thdng van tai chiem tdi 71% tong miic tieu Ihu diu md cua My (xem bieu phu lue), ddng thdi ngupc lai, diu md cung cip tnri 92%
nhu eiu nang lupng cho giao thdng van tai d My. Nhu vay, giao (hdng van tii la mat ti&i then ehdt cin tap trung ddi moi de kidm soat vin dd an ninh nang lupng, cung nhu bio ve mdi trudng.
Thang 3 nam 2010, Co quan Bao ve Mdi tiudng My (EPA) phdi hpp vdi Chuong triiih Nang lupng sinh hpc do Bp Ndng nghidp My (USDA) chu tri hoan tit du luat thi hanh Tidu chuin Nang lupng Tai tao (RES). Du luat da duac Qudc hpi thdng qua, dat ra mue
tieu vao nam 2022 se cd 36 ty gallon nhidn lieu tai tao dupc tieu dimg cho giao thdng van tai. Theo dudi muc tieu nay ddng nghia vdi viec giup khu vuc van tai nhanh chdng chuyen ddi sang ngudn nang luong saeh, an toan han, giup qudc gia giai quydt nhiing thach thuc hi bien dpi khi hau, giam su phu thudc vap dau md va tao thdm cdng an viec lam. Hudng tdi mue tieu nay, Chinh quyen Lien bang da tridn khai cac chuong trinh fren nhidu phuang dien, nhu thidt lap Chuang frinh Trp giup Thu hoach Sinh khdi va tang khdi lupng ethanol duoe phep pha frdn su dung frpng cac phupng tien hien cd tir 10%
ddn 15%) (E15). Cimg vide tap trung vao muc tieu 36 (y gallon vao nam 2022, USDA cdn phoi hpp vdi DOE va EPA phat tridn ehidn luoc Tang trudng Nang luong cua Nude My (Growmg America's Fuels). Kd hoach nay se giiip ddm bao cac nguon eung nguyen lieu dau vao cho san xuat nhien hdu sinh hoc dap img cac muc tieu theo luat dinh va nhu cau thi trudng, ddng thdi gdp phin vao phat frien bdn viing kinh te ndng thdn. Hudng tdi mue tieu nay, Bd Ndng nghiep da thidt lap nam Trung tam Nghien ciiu Sinh khdi vimg (Regional Biomass Research Center) va edng bd Id trinh san xuat xang sinh hpc chu frong vao giai quyet nhung bien ddng nguyen lieu dau vap va phan bd vi fri eae nha may che pham sinh hpc.
Ben canh cac khoan dau tu hd frp phat tiidn cac cdng nghe phuong tien
s o 12-2015 CHAU MY NGAY NAY giao thdng mdi, Chinh quyen Lien bang
cung da tang cudng thuc diy ddi mdi thdng qua cac tieu chuin mdi ve hidu qua sii dung nang lupng va hudng khu vue tu nhan vao su dung cac nhien lieu thay thd. Thang 4 nam 2010, EPA va NHTSA da ban hanh mdt ban Hudng din muc tieu dd khdi ddng cho viec phat trien cac tieu ehuan mdi ve khi thai nha kinh va tidt kiem nhien heu ddi vdi cac phuong tien giao thdng hang nhe se dupc tiiidt kd frpng giai d o ^ tir 2017 ddn 2025. Thang 10 nam 2010, hai co quan nay tidp tue dua ra du thap luat de budc dau tien thidt l|p cac tidu chuan ve phat thai khi nha kinh (GHG) va miic tieu thu nhien lieu binh quan eho tat ca cac xe theo timg hang san xuat (Corporate Average Fuel Economy CAFE) ddi vdi cac mau phuong tien se dupc thiet ke frpng giai do»n hi nam 2014 ddn nam 2018.
Dien nang viia la san pham nang lupng dau ra, vira la dau vao nang lupng cho ndn kinh td. 6 My ciing nhu nhieu qudc gia khae, than da va cac nguyen lieu hda thach van chidm mdt ty frpng Idn trpng nguyen lieu dau vao cho san xuat didn (65% d My nam 2013, xem phii luc). Day chinh la mdt nghich ly frong chu trinh su dung nang lupng ciia con ngudi hidn nay: frong khi cac phuong tien tieu thu dien dupe eoi la than thien vdi mdi trudng thi san xuat dien Iai la nganh gay d nhiem mdi trudng nhit do su dvng nguyen lieu hda thgch.
Trong dien van ngay 25 thang 1 nam 2011, Tdng thong Obama da cdng bd mdt sang kien nham gia tang san xuit dien tii ngudn nang lupng saeh, ndu len muc tidu tham vpng ddn nam 2035, 80%
san lupng didn nang qudc gia dupc san sinh til nang lupng tai Igp. Muc tieu nay se giup dinh vi nude My la qudc gia dan diu the gidi frong phat tiidn edng nghe va san xuat nang lupng sach, gdp phan eai thien tang frudmg kinh te qudc dan, nang cao nang luc cgnh ttanh, ddng thdi bao vd mdi trudng va cai thidn an ninh nang lupng. Sang kidn nay, nhu mpt nen mdng quan ttpng cho muc tieu tten, la mdt bd Tieu chuin Nang lupng sach (CES) dupc thidt lap dua fren nam nguydn tic co ban: (1) tang gap ddi ty frpng dien nang saeh frong vdng 25 nam; (2) cung eip tin dung rdng rai cho san xuat cac ngudn nang lupng sach; (3) dam bap dan chiing khdng phai gia tang chi tieu cho nang lupng; (4) dam bap su can bang giua cac dia phuong; va (5) thuc day eae cdng nghe mdi tuong tu nhu cdng nghe than sach. CES se phai tae ddng de chic chan gia tang ty frpng san luong dien tir eae ngudn nang lupng sgch, tir khpang 35% d thdi diem hien nay len 80% vao nam 2035. CES cd thd dupc Idng ghep vdi cac chuong trinh tiet kiem nang lupng, nhd dp giiip giam chi tieu eho nang lupng cua ngudi dan (nhu cae tieu chuan khat khe han vd hieu nang thiet bi dien ban ra thi truong, duy tri tin dung thue cho dau tu nang cao hieu qua su dung nang lupng, va chupng
_CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 12-2015 53 trinh dan nhan Home Star), va c6 cac
dieu khoan cho phep ho trg cac nha san xuat dau tu vao cong nghe de cai thien hieu nang thiet bi dien gop phin giam thieu chi phi nang lucmg. Them vao do, trong tuomg lai, nguon dien nang da dang a khap cac vung mi6n se dugc hoa trpn de b6 xung cho nhau, CES can phai dam bao rang su da dang nay dugc tinh dgn. Cu6i cung, CES khuyen khich trien khai cac cong nghe moi nhu cong nghe than sach nham hap thu va xu ly khi thai C02 tao ra tii qua trinh dot chay than.
3. Ho tro" tai chinh cho dau tu- san xuat nang lu-gng sach
Hudng tai muc tieu nang gap doi nguon cung nang lugng sach vao cuoi nam 2012, tu nam 2009, Bo Ngan kh6 da dugc giao trach nhiem trien khai thuc hien cac chuong trinh tai trg 1603 va 48C. Chuofng trinh 1603, thanh toan thay cho cac khoan tin dung thue, da ho trg cac du an dien mat trdi co tong cong suat hon 200MW va hon 100 du an phong dien tren toan quoc vdi tong cong cdng suat dat 5,3GW. Chucmg trinh 48C - tin dung thue cho cac nha san xuat nang lugng su dung cdng nghe mdi, tuong tu nhu cac khoan bao lanh cho vay, da ho trg cac nha san xuat tam pin nang lugng mat trdi ddng gop cho thi trudng san lugng 230MW moi nam. Cac chuang trinh 1603 va 48C ciing hd trg cho cac du an dia nhi?t, vdi san lugng dau ra dat 112MW. BQ Nang lugng ciing cd nhung hoat ddng hd trg cho muc tieu tren thong
qua cac bien phap nhu cung cap cac bao lanh cho vay hoac cac cam ket trach nhiem doi vdi cac du an nang lugng sach. Tinh den cudi nam 2012, chinh sach nay da ho trg cho gan 2GW nang lugng mat trdi, dia nhiet va gio.
4. Cho vay che tao va su dung phuong tien giao thong tien tien
Tong thdng Obama da thiet lap mot muc tieu tham vpng dua 1 trieu phuang tien giao thdng cdng nghe tien tien luu hanh tren dudng vao nam 2015 - nhd do se giam su le thudc vao dau md nhap khau va tdi nam 2030 giam dugc 750 trieu thiing dau md tieu diing mpt nam.
Chuang trinh cho vay san xuat phuang tien giao thdng cdng nghe tien tien do Bd Nang lugng chiu trach nhiem trien khai dang dau tu vao cac nha san xuat 6 td va cac nha cung cap thiet bi cho cac du an tai trang bi, md rpng va thiet lap cac ca sd san xuat d Hoa Ky de san xuat cac phucmg tien giao thdng hang nhe va cac linh kien cho cac loai phuang tien nay. Trong nam 2009, My da co hai nha may san xuat pin cung cap nang lugng cho cac phuong tien cdng nghe mdi va cd san lugng dat g4n 2% san lugng pin the gidi. Dao luat Tai dau tu va Phuc hoi nude My nam 2009 (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) da danh 2,4 ty USD ho trg nganh san xuat pin va linh kien xe dien, cho thu nghiem ve xe dien va ha tang xe
s o 12-2015 CHAU MY NGAY NAY dien. Cac khpan diu tu nay da bidn ddi
nganh edng nghiep san xuat pin hien dai ciia My. Chi frpng vdng vai nam, chi phi chp pin then tinh tpan se ha xudng cdn mdt mia (2009-2013). Dap luat Tai diu tu va Phuc hdi nude My cdng he frp tridn khai ha ting cho cae phuang tien co gidi edng nghd tien tien.
Mdt Trung tam Ket ndi Ddi mdi Nang lupng tap trung vap giai quydt, cai thien cac van Si ve pin va luu trii nang lupng cung da dupe thanh lap. Ddng thdi, Tdng thong Obama eiing da de xuat chuydn doi khoan tin dung thue 7.500 USD cho cae phucmg tien giao thdng dien sang thanh hoan thue va se ap dung doi vdi tit ca khach hang ngay tai thdi didm mua hang
5. Thiic day sir diing nang luong hifu qua trong cac cdng trinh kien triic thuong mai
Nhu mpt thanh phan chu chdt frong ke hoach hudng tdi muc tieu dat 80%
dien nang tieu thu la tii nang lupng sach, chinh quyen Tdng thdng Obama da keu goi nhung nd luc mdi de eai thien hieu qua sii dung nang lupng frong cac tda nha thuong mai fren ca nude. Thdng qua mdt loat cae ehinh sach khuyen khich tu nhan nang cap cac van phdng, sieu thi, trudng hpc, ehung cu, trudng dai hpc, cac benh vien va cac tda nha thupng mai khic. Sang kien Cac kien triic Uu vidt ciia Tdng thdng ky vong thue day vide xay dung, lip dat cac tda nha phi dan su se giup tiet kiem hon 20% nang lupng frong vdng mdt thap ky tiep theo.
6. Thidt lap cac Trung tam ket noi D6i mdi ve Nang luwng
Nhiing thaeh thiic mang tinh cip baeh tii vin dd nang lupng va bien doi khi hau, ket hpp eiing vdi nhiing thach thire ddi vdi gidi lanh dao My frong van de doi mdi cdng nghe da din den viee hinh thanh Trung tam ket ndi Ddi mdi ve Nang lupng dau tien. Day dupc cpi la mpt cdng eu mdi eua Chinh quyen Lidn bang, giip ngudi dan My tidp can mdt each chu ddng ddi vdi boat ddng nghien eiiu va dua ra nhitng sang kien cdng nghe ddt pha. Cac Trung tam ket ndi Ddi mdi ve Nang lupng cd pham vi hpat ddng rdng, da nganh, cd tinh cpng tac eae giira cac nhdm cac nha khoa hpc va ky su Iam viec cimg nhau nhim giai quyet cac muc tieu uu tien cu the vd cdng nghS.
Chiing dupc din dit bdi cac ehuyen gia, nghien euu hang diu, dupe trang hi fri thiic, cae ngudn luc va tham quyen de cd the nhanh chdng dua ra cac chi dan, nam bit liy nhiing cp hdi mdi, hay cham diit cac nghien ciru khdng cd ttien vpng hiiu ich. Ba trung tam ket ndi dau tien da nhan dupc tai trp vao nam 2010 gdm: Cum Ddi mdi Nang lupng Viing (phat tridn eae kidn true hieu qua nang lupng cap), Nhien lieu tir Anh sang mat ttdi, va Md hinh va Gia lap cac Ld phan img Hgt nhan (nang lupng hgt nhgn). Md hinh va Gia Igp cac Ld phan img Hat nhan da dupc quydt dinh frao cho Lien minh vd Gia Igp cgc Id phan img nude nhe, din dat
- C H A U ^ NGAY NAY
bdi Phdng thi nghiem quoc gia Oak Ridge thiet lap va van hanh; Trung tam Lien kSt vk Quang hgp Nhan tao, mpt nhdm dugc phdi hop din dk bdi Vien Cdng nghe California va Phdng thi nghiem qudc gia Lawrence Berkeley, da duac lua chpn giao cho thiet tap Trung tam Ket noi Doi mdi Nhien lieu tu Anh sang mat trdi; va Cum Ddi mdi Philadenphia dugc giao thidt lap Trung tam Ket ndi Cac Kien true Hieu qua Nang lugng, nhdm nay dugc dap d4t bdi Dai hpc Bang Permsylvania.
7. Vai tro dong lu-c cua doi mdi cua Chinh quyen Lien bang
Chinh quyen Lien bang, vdi tu each nhu mdt khach hang tieu dung nang lugng ldn nhat trong nen kinh te My, CO the ddng vai trd chii chdt thiic day nhu cau ddi mdi cdng nghe nang lugng Thang 10/2009, Tdng thdng Obama da ky sac lenh yeu cku cac ca quan cdng quyen len ke hoach cat giam 30% lugng xang, dau sit dung vao nam 2020. Thang 1 nam 2010, Tdng thdng Obama bd sung them muc tieu giam 28% lugng khi nha kinh phat thai vao nam 2020 tu hoat dpng cua cac CO quan cdng quy6n.
Gdp phan hien thuc hda cac muc tieu tren. Cue Quan tri Dich Vu Lien bang (General Services Administration) da thay the 5.603 phuong tien di lai su dung xang kem hieu qua bang cac phuang tien lai xang dien (hybnd vehicle) su dung nang lugng hieu qua
han. Hai quan My dieu chinh nhien lieu tieu thu thong qua hoan cai cac phuang tien may bay, tau thuy, va cac thiet bi vdi muc tieu den nam 2020, nhien lieu sach se chiem 50% tdng muc tieu thu. Bd Qudc phong My (DOD) ciing da thii nghiem trien khai lap dat cac he thdng su dung cong nghe nang luang the he tiep theo. Vi du, DOD da thii nghiem mot ludi dien sieu nhd thdng minh cho phep Can cii quan su Twenty-nine Palms Marine Corps tach khdi ludi dien ehung khi can thiet, ddng thdi giiip giam thieu chi phi nang luang khi ket ndi vdi ludi dien ehung. Tai Doanh trai Roberts d California, quan dpi dang trien khai mdt cdng nghe nang lugng mat trdi mdi, tich hgp nhirng tien bp trong cdng nghe nano nham cung cap nang lugng vdi chi phi tiet kiem dang ngac nhien. Tai Trung tam Huan luyen Naval viing Hd ldn, quan dpi dang thu nghiem mdt he thdng quan ly tda nha tien tien, lien tuc danh gia, so sanh hien trang hoat dpng van hanh vdi cac dac diem thi§t kk cho phep ngay lap tiic dua ra cac diiu chinh nham dam bao hieu qua sii dung nang lugng tuyet ddi.
Ddi vdi nhijng cdng nghe nang lugng cd gia trj dugc chiing td nhu tren, DOD cd the su dung siic manh dat hang dang ke ciia nd giiip tao ra thi trudng thuang mai cho san pham, tuang tu nhu cac trudng hgp trude day DOD da lam vdi ddng ca phan luc, mach tich hgp va Intemet.
CHAU MY NGAY NAY 8. Mot sd tin hieu thay doi
Nhiing no luc ddi mdi qudc gia cua My sau khung hpang tai chinh ndi ehung, trpng dp ed cac bien phap thiic day dpi mdi nganh nang luong My ndi rieng theo hudng phat trien ben viing, dam bao an nmh nang lupng va bap ve mdi trudng da cho thay mpt sd tin hieu ket qua kha quan.
Truoc bet, lien quan tdi van de an ninh nang lupng, ep cau tieu dung nang lupng ehuyen dieh theo hudng gia tang ty trpng nang lupng sach va hi cac ngupn cung trpng nude. Tinh tir nam 2008 den nam 2013, ty frong nang lupng tir ngudn cung dau md, than giam dang ke, dien hat nhan giam nhe, ngupc lai, ty frpng nang lupng tai tao va khi ddt tu nhien tang manh. Nang luang tai tao tang 27,4% gia tii ty frong (tir 7,3% len 9,3%), khi ddt tii nhien tang 11,8% gia fri ty frong (tit 23,8% len 26,6%). Trong khu vuc nang lupng tai tap, phong dien ddng gdp nhidu nhit cho gia tang ty frpng khu vue nay. Vd phia tieu diing, vgn tai, dan cu va thuang mgi giam nhe ty frong, frong khi dd edng nghiep va san xuat dien tang ty frong tieu dimg nang luang (xem phu luc).
Neu ehi nhin vao cac thdng ke khai quat fren chua thi khing dinh tit ca nhimg thay ddi hoan toan do ket qua eua nhiing didu ehinh chinh saeh nang lupng sau khung hpang tai ehinh, la khdi dau cho mpt xu hudng thay ddi frpng dai han cau mic nang lupng My. Tuy nhien neu di sau vao cac ITnh vuc eu thd cd the
quan sat ro han tac ddng tir cac bien phap thuc day nang lupng saeh va nang cap hieu qua sir dung frong Iinh vuc nang lucmg My. Dgc biet ddi vdi nang lupng tgi tgo, ed thd khang dinh mdt xu hudng gia tang lau ben bdi day la ngudn nang lupng phong phii va san cd, cd tinh dde Igp eao, khdng ehiu nhieu anh hudng tir ben ngoai.
Tiep den, vd phia khu vuc tieu dung, cdng cd cac tin hieu cho thay cae xu hudng mdi ve sir dung nang luong d My Theo Co quan Quan ly Thdng tin Nang lupng My (EIA), frong nam 2013 cd 70.000 xe dien sir dung pin va
104.000 xe Iai xang - dien dupe dang ky luu hanh. Day van la mdt cpn sd khiem tdn neu so vdi tdng sd 226 frieu phuong tien dang dang ky luu hanh fren toan nude My. Mac du doanh sd xe dien d thj trudng My tang lien tue frong nhiing nam gan day, nhung thi phan xe dien van cdn rit khiem ton, nam 2014, 2013, 2012 chi chidm Ian luot la 0,7%, 0,6%
va 0,4% tdng sd luang xe mdi dupc tieu thu. Califpmia la bang cd thi frupng xe dien ldn nhit, chidm gin 1/2 lupng xe loan qude, nhung ty Id eung mdi chi dat gan 0,5%. Nhin ehung, nhidu bang da thuc hien cac ehinh sach thud uu dai doi vdi phuang tidn giao thdng khdng sii dung nhien lieu hda thach. Mgc dii so lupng phupng tien gigp thdng dien vin cdn rit it nhrmg diu hieu tieh cue ehung can dupe ghi nhan la tde dp tang fritdng cua till frirdng nay. Thuc td la hien nay d My, hg ting phue vu eho eae phuong
.CH AUMYNGAY NAY
tien giao thdng su dung nang lugng thay the vin cdn dang trong qua trinh hinh thanh va nghien ciiu, thii nghiem. Trong khu vuc tu nhan ciing da cd nhigu du an nghien ciiu tham vpng va dugc dau tu ldn song viec thuang mai hda rpng rai van cdn d phia trude.
Ddi vdi van de bao ve mdi trudng, cac tieu chuan ky thuat mdi khat khe han ve tiet kiem nang lugng, phat thai khi nha kinh da phan nao cho thiy kat qua phan anh trong xu hudng san xuit, tieu dung nang lugng, tuy nhien nhiing ket qua nay cdn khiem tdn. Chung nao nhien beu hoa thach cdn chiem ty trpng ldn trong tieu dung nang lugng My, chiing do, it nhat phai sau 2 thap nien tdi, phat thai khi nha kinh cua My mdi co the giam xudng miic ky vong. Nhiing nd luc ve cai tien ky thuat, cdng nghe can phai CO mpt tien trinh lau dai mdi the hien ro net ket qua tiong khi nhiing bien dong ve thi trudng nang lugng va siic khde nen kinh te co tac dpng tiic thi va rd ret len sii dung nang luong va bao ve mdi tnidng, trong ngan ban chiing cd the triet tieu nhimg cd gang va ket qua dat dugc trong cdi tien ky thuat cdng nghe.
Nhin lai nd luc thiic day khoa hpc cdng nghe sau khiing hoang tai chinh cua My, tiic la thdi ky ciia Tdng thong Obama cd the ghi nhan ddng gdp \k chinh sach phat trien ehung nhigu han la nhung ket qua cu the trong cac chi tieu ve tiet kiem nang lugng va bao ve mdi trudng. Ben canh viec duy tri cac chinh sach va he thdng cong cu vdn da chiing
minh dugc hieu qua trpng thiic day khoa hpc cdng nghe tu nhieu thap nien trude, Chinh quyen Obama da co nhung ddng gdp nhat dinh cho he thdng chinh sach khoa hpc cdng nghe ndi ehung va trong ITnh vuc nang lugng ndi rieng. Diem mdi trong chinh sach cua Obama, ben canh cac sang kien cu the trong ITnh vuc nang lugng, la xay dung mpt khung khd chien luge hoan chinh, cd he thdng ve ddi mdi qudc gia. Trong do, thiic day mpt cudc each mang ve nang lupng sach va sil dung nang lugng hieu qua la mot trong cac uu tien dot pha, la muc tieu true tiep cho cac ddi mdi trong nen tang doi mdi khoa hpc cdng nghe My phuc vu phat trien kinh te •
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