Thong tin khoa hpc cong ngh$ m d
U N G D U N G CONG N G H E GIS T H A N H LAP BAN DO CAU TAO DIA CHAT VIA THAN
GIS has been applied widely untill now, but there Is some restriction of its application in Vietnam mining indudstry. This is why to develope GIS here is of great need for enhancing the creating map of geological information. The paper introduces main application of GIS Maplnfo for creating geological structural map of coal seam, from simple steps, like creating data- base, gridding data, contouring grid, exchanging graphic files and displaying map and image. In addi- tion, creating databse is an advantage of the GIS technology.
TS. Kl6U KIM TRUC
Tpp doin CN Than - Khoing sin \^pt Nam ThS. NGUYEN TH| L? H A N G
Trw&ng Dgi hgc Til Nguyin vi Mdl trw&ng ThS. NGUYEN DUY NHUdrNG Trw&ng Cao dang Xiy dwng so 1
Cdng t i c trie dja dja c h i t md cd npi dung chinh la do dac v i do hpa, trinh b i y v i d u b i o tinh chit v i khdng gian cua c i e doi tupng de phgc vu s i n x u l t khai khoing. T h I hipn chinh x i c e l u true khdng gian v i d i e tinh vfa than, t h i n quing l i ea sd trong viec thilt k l md, tinh t o i n trO lupng, trinh bay c i e san pham ban do, mat elt, hinh anh.
Nhung cdng viec n i y c h i l m nhilu thdi gian v i edng sue eua c i c ky su md n l u phai thuc hipn bang e i c phuang phip thu cdng.
GIS (Geographical Informa- tion System - He thong thdng tin dja ly) la cdng nghe thanh lap ban do v i p h i n tich khdng gian cua My vdi s u trp giup cua may tinh dipn t u , d i n nay da phat trien tren t o i n t h i gidi trong mpi ITnh vuc chu c h i t n h u khai khoang, mdi trudng, khoa hpc kT thuat, kinh t i , xa hpi, quan su... GIS cd chuc nang d i e trung quan trpng n h l t v i cung la d i l m mdi so vdi c i e cdng nghe k h i c la cung xay dung ban do va x i y d u n g ea s d du- lipu (CSDL), lien k i t d u lipu khdng gian (graphic) va phi khdng gian (thupe tinh atributes)
v i o trong mdt h i t h i n g , t h i n h l i p ban d l chuyin d l v i ehing x l p khdng gian.
Cdng nghp GIS da 6iJ^qfc ung dgng r l t hipu qua trong nganh than n u d e ta t u n i m 1995, b i t d l u t u viec xay dung ban dd quan ly ranh gidi md va tinh toan tru- lupng. Tuy nhien, hien nay v i n cd nhu-ng han c h l , nen viec phat trien rdng rai nhu-ng ung dung GIS l i vide lam c l n t h i i t d l n i n g cao hipu qua v i c h i t lupng cdng t i e thdng tin ban do dja c h i t md.
D u d i day l i mpt s l ung dpng ca ban thdng dgng d l i vdi p h l n mem GIS Maplnfo, bao g I m vipc x i y dung ea s d du- l i i u , tpo l i p cac d u d n g d i n g mCpc.
h i l n thj ban d l v i hinh anh 3D, phuang p h i p x u ly v i k i t qua thuc hipn tai khu vg'c k h o i n g sang H i Tu, nai ed vfa than 16 vdi c l u true Idng chao d i e trung eho c i c k h o i n g s i n g than Vipt Nam.
1. Xay d y n g c a s d d u lipu GIS
Trong edng t i e md dja c h i t , mpt ca s d du- lieu t o i n dipn vdi nghTa rdng t h u d n g d u a c h i l u la mdt ea s d dO- lieu
dja c h i t quan h i (Relational geological database), dupc x i y d u n g theo c l u true djnh s i n trong cac p h l n m i m tich hpp dja c h i t - khai t h i c md (nhu Vulcan, Teehbase, Surpac...), hope p h l n m i m CSDL eua Mi- crosoft la MsAccess. Trong dd, c i c thdng s l ea ban thudng la k i t qua khoan tham dd, chat l u p n g m l u . d u p e sap x l p v i o cac bang k h i c nhau nhu bang tpa dp Id khoan "Dcollar", bang dp cong lo khoan "DSurvey", bang c l u tpo dja c h i t "Dlog", bang tinh c h i t ea ly d i l o g - meeh"...
Trong c i e p h l n m i m GIS, c a s d du- l i i u ed e l u true dan gian h a n , nd cd t h i dupe x i y dung hope trich ra tir e i c CSDL tren Ms Access n h u tren, hoac d a n gian han la t u Ms Excel, hope t u cae phan m i m GIS chuyen dgng. So vdi cac phln m i m d l hpa hien nay (vl du c i c phan m i m AutoCAD/CAM) thi kha nang x i y dung v i x u ly CSDL l i mdt u u d i l m cua G l ^
V d i moi vfa than, cae y l u f l can t h i hipn chlnh la thdng tin vj tri e i c Id khoan, tpa dp, 6^
cao mieng Id khoan, vach va tn in
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Hinh 1. Bang dac tinh via than tren bang MsExcel (V16 mo Ha Tu).
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a. Xa/ dtmg cau tnic cdc tru&ng dCrlieu b. Xay dungthanh phan dd hoa cua dip lipu Hinh 2. Xay dung CSDL tren phan mem GIS Maplnfo
via than, chidu day, goc doc via than. Tiep den la cac du'dng dong mdc do cao vach va tru via than, cac du-dng dong dang gia trj chilu day, goc d6c, do tro via than...
Cau tme mpt CSDL via than dang bang tren phan mem Ms Excel du-cyc trinh bay nhu- tren hinh 1. CSDL dang bang du'gc cau tao td cac hang va cot.
Hang (row) the hi$n du* lidu eua tdng cong trinh khoan bat dau tu- so thd tu-, ten 16 khoan... Cpt (colum) the hi#n gia tri cac dO"
li^u theo tOng thong s6 eua tdng 16 khoan nhu" tpa dp X, tpa dp Y, tpa dp Z, dp cao vach via than, dp cap tru via than, chieu day vfa than, dp tro vfa than...
De ed du-p-c CSDL tren phan
mem GIS Maplnfo, co the tien hanh xay dyng dO lieu dang bang Excel nhu" tren hinh 1, sau do SU" dung lenh Open file Excel va lu'u giu' sang dinh dang cua Maplnfo. Tiep theo, tren Maplnfo si> dung cac lenh Table/Main- tainance Table de khai bao cau true CSDL, dat ten va dinh dang cac tru'dng field (tu'ong dng cae ept). Vi dy, tru'dng "Ten 16 khoan" dat ten la "TenLK", chpn dang Text, chpn dp dai 8 ky ty.
Tru'dng tpa dp X dat ten la X, co dang s6 thap phan (decimal).
Tyong ty nhu- v|iy, cac tru-dng tpa dp Y, Z, dp cao vach try via than, dp tro, chieu day via than du'p'c khai bae va dinh dang thep cae dac tinh ey the (hinh 2a).
Vdi CSDL nhu" tren, c^n
phai tao ra cac file do hpa tu-ong U'ng. Si> dung cac lenh Table/Create points d l tao cac thanh phan do hpa cua CSDL.
Chpn cac tpa dp X, Y, Z... tu-ong dng nhu-tren hinh 2b. Sau lenh nay, cac ban do vdi CSDL da lap the hien 16 khoan va dac tinh vfa than mpt each nhanh chong va chinh xac. Sau do lu'u tat ca cac thay doi vao file tu'ong dng dinh dang cua Map-
lnfo va chung ta da c6 bang CSDL GIS Maplnfo nhu- hinh 3 va thanh phan do hpa - ban do nhy tren eac hinh 6, 7 va 8.
2. Xay dipng ban dd c l u true via than
Mpt each truyin thing thi ban d l c l u true du'dng dang tri
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nhanh chong ho'n nhieu,
Tu' CSDL da du'p'c th^nh lap nhu' tren, vdi lenh thanh l$p lu'di npi suy Griding tu' cac phln mim chuyen dung co t h i mo hinh hoa xay dung mang lu'di dilm cac gia trj npi suy, Tren co sd do, thyc hien viec xay dyng cac du'dng ding trj contouring tuong u'ng blng each sau:
Griding (hinh 4a): Thuc hien bu'dc lenh Grid/Data - chon file CSDL, chpn tru'dng tpa dp xyz, chpn tru'dng dO lieu d l mo hinh hoa, chpn kich thu'dc 6 lu'di (Grid Line Geom- etry), chpn cac phu'ong phap npi suy (Griding Method) va sau do lu'u giu' file kit qua vao dinh dang tu-ong u-ng (*,grd).
- Contouring (hinh 4b):
Chpn Map/ Contour/ chpn file tu'ong u'ng, chpn each t h i hien cae du'dng ding trj nhu' ten gia tri. dinh dang chu' viet,, va ta c6 kit qua nhu- tren hinh
Exporting/Import Graphic Bu'dc tiep theo la phai chuyin doi cac du'dng dong mdc giOa cac phln mim th6ng qua djnh dang trung chuyin blng c^eh Export file/ Xuat du- lieu do hpa sang file Interexchanged, chpn phu'ong phap chuyen doi tpa dp va lyu gii> cac d|c tinh va sau dc nhan lenh Impprt file d l nhap dO lieu do hpa (hinh 5).
Tren co sd nay, eac dydng dong dang gia tri da du'O'c t y
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H/n/j 3. S a n g CSDL via than tren phan mem GIS Maplnfo (V16 mo Ha Tu).
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a. Xay di/ng Iw&l ngi suy cac b Xay dung duung ding tri do hoa tru-ang du' lieu cua dCr lieu
Hinh 4. Xay dyng lu<yi npi suy va duxyng ding tri contouring
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a Xuat file do hoa b Nhap file do hoa qua dinh dang DXF qua di.nh dgng DXF Hinh 5. Chuyin dii thinh phin di hga dw&ng ding trj.
dpng xay dyng v^ lyu giCp d djnh dang do hpa cua GIS Maplnfc.
3. Trinh bay hien thi kit qua dd hpa
Tren co sd c^e byde thyc hien tren day, CSDL va ban d l trong GIS Maplnfo da du'p'c xay dyng va lu'U giu' mpt each nhanh ehdng va chinh Xcic. DQ'
lidu via than tren GIS Maplnfo bao gdm thanh phan CSDL cac bang thupe tinh eac via than va thanh phan do hpa eac via than, nhu" du'dng dong ding vach, tru, dp tro, chieu day...
Vi du tren hinh 6 la ban do ddng d i n g try via than, hinh 7 la ban do dong dang dp tro via than. Vdi CSDL da ed, tren ban
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Hinh 6. Ban do dang tru via than (V16, mo Ha Tu).
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H/n/i 8. Mo hinh 3D dja hinh khu khai thie via 11.
do CO thi nhanh chong thi hier cac gia trj nhu* ten 16 khoan, do cao vach try, gia trj du'dng dong dang hoac dp tro, chilu day via than,., thong qua nut lenh Label [lata. Oong thdi, th6ng qua chii-c nSng Layer Control 6k chong
^kp cac Idp th6ng tin khac nhau, Khi c l n t h i hien hinh anh K|i6ng gian 3 chilu (3D) cCia doi tu'O'ng, co t h i su' dung cac
|uc nang tao lap ban d l
^ y e n de lu'di noi suy qua cac nut lenh Map/ Create Thematic r | ^ Grid va Create 3D Map rlhu' tren hinh 8.
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Ban do dong dang dp cao
\,^|!^^ try, chilu day va dp tro vfa than la co sd quan trpng cho
\/ifC tinh toan trij' lu'p'ng mo va thiet k l khai thac mo. Kit hp'p vliichdc nang m6 hinh h6a, c6 t h i thyc hien mpt each ty dpng
\ji| lien hoan tren may tinh./.
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. Doan Van Kien (chu nhiem), Nguyen Chi Quang,
^^Kim True va nnk. Xay dung c.a_sa dw lieu dja chat khoang
\than Tdng Cong ty Than jNam. Cong ty PT Tin hoc, fg nghe va Moi truong TVN.
\Nol. 2001
[2. Nguyen Chi Quang, Kieu
^,Truc, Nguyen Due Thoai.
Iguyen Trong Khiem va nnk. He l ^ a n tri ca so dw lieu ban 'Quy hoach giao ranh gioi
\ly, bao ve, khai thac than Trung tam U'ng dung Tin hocT'Cong nghe cao va Moi mjl^TVN. Ha Npi. 1996.
r ^ D a w d J Maguire, M. F Goodchii'd, D. W Rhind. Geo- graphic^ Information Systems.
Longm^Scientific & Technical.
NewYork. 1994.
4.^ Ed. McElroy. Maplnfo Users Guide. Maplnfo Corpora- tion. Troy New York. 1994-2006.
KHCNM S6 4/2012* CNKT HAM LO
