V A N DE H O M N A Y
DIEU TDA NGHIEN ClIU BIEN:
CAN NANG CAO TINH HIEU QUA
GS OANG NGOC THANH
Vien KH&CN Viet Nam
Chien li^tfc bien da xac dinh ro: Manh ve bien la phai manh ve kha nang bao ve chu quyen tren bien, manh ve kinh te bien va manh ca ve khoa hpc va cong nghe (KH&CN) bien. Dieu nay dang dat ra nhihig nhiem vu cap bach cho KH&CN bien nUiorc ta trong giai doan hien nay: Lam sao mau chong du m^nh de cd the trd thanh dong \tic thuc day phat trien kinh te, an ninh quoc phong bien, dap ulhg k[p thdi nhiiing yeu cau trufdc mit cung nhi^ xay dulhg tiem li^c lau dai?
Nhung Vide tfd lam
Hoat dong dieu tra nghien cufu bien d nifdc ta da difdc tien hanh tijf nhOfng nam 30 ciia the ky trifdfc. Trong giai doan dau, cho tdfi nhijCng nam 50, nghien cufu bien of nifdc ta mdi chi la nhiJfng hoat dong mang tinh chat tham do, phat hien, tim hiea.. mpt so' dac diem ve dieu kien tif nhien vung bien cua ca khu vifc Ddng Difdng, chu yeu la ve thuy van va sinh vat bien. Sau nhflng nam 50, nha't la sau nam 1975, chien t r a n h ket thuc, boat dong dieu t r a nghien cufu bien nifdc ta da CO nhifng bifdfc phat trien mdi, ca ve npi dung, nhiem vu, quy md, life lifdng nghien cufu cung nhif td chufc hoat ddng dieu tra nghien cufu. Cho tdi eud'i nhiiEng nam 90, ndi dung nghien cufu da md rdng hdn, toan dien hdn, bao gdm cac van de cd ban ve dieu kien tif nhien bien, nhif khi tifdng thuy van, dong life, dia chat dia vat ly, cae ngudn ldi bien, kinh te xa hoi bien. Ket qua la da nang cao hdn mot bifde nhifng hieu biet khai quat ve cae dac didm cd ban
Nghiin cUu sinh vdt bien (Viin Hdi duang hgc)
cua vLing bien Viet Nam va Bien Ddng. Tuy nhien, mat ban che eua giai doan nay la boat ddng nghien cufu ve cd ban mdi d mufc do dieu tra khai quat (dieu tra cd ban) va chii yeu d vCing bien ven bd, chifa md rdng tdi vCing xa bd, do nhiing ban ehe ve cd sd vat chat ky thuat, trinh do, life Itfdng can bo. Noi dung nghien cufu chu yeu vSn ehi la dieu tra thd'ng ke, md ta hien tifdng, vdi eac phifdng phap kinh dien. Viec tie'p thu, suf
dung cac phifdng phap, ky thuat hien dai vao nghien cufu bien ehi mdi d bifdc dau. Vdi tinh hinh nhif vay, hieu qua boat ddng dieu tra nghien cifu bien d nifdc ta cdn chifa cao, chifa dap ufng difgfc nhufng yeu cau boat ddng tren bien eiia cac nganh; yeu cau nghien cufu ifng dung cdng nghe, tao cdng nghe mdi, thiic day sif phat trien cac nganh kinh te, an ninh qud'c phdng bien.
Hoat tfdng
Sothang 11.2011 J . j j Q ^ j j Q ^
V A N DE H O M N A Y
Trong thdi gian tif giifa nhifng nam 90 tdi nay, boat ddng dieu tra nghien cufu bien nifdc ta da cd nhCfng chuyen bien, tuy cdn chifa ldn, song da cd nhCfng ddi mdi trong tif duy, ndi dung nghien cufu, trinh do cCing nhif ky thuat nghien cufu. Tif nhCfng boat dong cdn non yeu ban dau, chiing ta da bifdc dau vifdt qua difde tif duy CO hCfu ve dieu tra tdng hgfp, khai quat, sd lifgfc, chifa ed dinh hifdng da keo dai nhieu nam trong nghien cufu bien, de chuyen sang hifdng tif duy mdi dieu tra chuyen de cd dinh hifdng, hoac nghien cufu ed chu de. Hoat ddng nghien cufu tif cho ehi gidi ban d tifng khu VLfc bien ven bd, ven bien, da md rong ra tren pham vi toan vung bien, bifdc dau ra tdi ca vung nifdc sau, xa bd. Noi dung nghien cufu cung khdng cdn chi la cae de tai dieu tra md ta, thd'ng ke hien tifgfng, ma da md ra difdc cac van de nghien cufu ve nguyen nhan hinh thanh, quy luat bien dpng, cd ehe tac dpng cua cac qua trinh bien quan trpng, tien tdi nghien cufu dif bao cae
hien tifdng bien. Vdi nhCfng ndi dung nghien cufu mdi nay, boat dpng nghien cufu da khdng chi la dieu tra de hieu biet, ma da tdi bifdc nghien cufu cd sd khoa hpe cho viec ufng dung edng nghe, tao ra edng nghe mdi de giai quyet cac van de trong thifc tien muc dich cuoi cung phai dat tdi cua boat ddng nghien cufu bien.
Ve mat. trinh dp, ky thuat va ky nang nghien cufu, dpi ngu cdn bd khoa hpc bien nufdc ta, dfic biet la ldp can bd tre, da nhanh chdng tie'p thu difdc cac thanh tifu eiia hai difdng hpc hien dai, suf dung cac phifdng phap, ky thuat nghien cufu vdi cac trang bi ky thuat hien dai, dSc bipt la cae phifdng phap, md hinh toan hpc, vien tham, GIS, ky thuat lan sau, edng nghe thdng tin va eac cdng cu toan hpe... vao nghien cufu bien. So vdi thdi ky nhCfng nam 70, 80 cua the ky trifdc, co the tha'y nhCfng sif thay ddi ro ret trong nghien cufu bien d nifdc ta. Chifdng trinh KH&CN ca'p nha nifdc: "KH&CN bien phuc
VII plidt trien ben vCfng kinh te x;. hpi", ma sd KC.09/06-10, (liidc td chufc thifc hipn trong giai (l();m 2006-2010 la mpt minh cliifng. Vdi nhCfng ddi mdi trong lo (liufc thifc hipn theo htfdng noi ti< 11, Chifdng trinh da cd dtfdc iilning ket qua mdi, tuy cdn chifa iiliMii, song chtfa cd dtfdc trong ( ;K (htfdng trinh trtfdc day, thi hicii hieu qua hoat dpng cua (liiidng trinh theo ttf duy mdi.
Vol (^Jhtfdng trinh ndy, lan diu t ien chung ta da dat dtfdc nhCfUg ki I (}ua trong mdt so van de:
Di' xuat md hinh canh bao thuy triiu dd; he thdng ehi tieu xay filing cdng trinh tren dao san ho tai quan dao Trtfdng Sa phuc vu qudc phdng; phat hien cac hdp chat mdi, xay difng cac quy trinh chiet xuat boat chat va san xuat cac san pham c6 gia tri y difdc;
de xuat md hinh quan ly tong hdp vung bd tay Vinh Bdc Bp, phuc vu phat trien kinh te, quan ly tai nguyen, mdi trifdng, bao dam an ninh qud'c phong; quy trinh cdng nghe dif bao nghe ca xa bd ddi vdi 3 nghe cau, re va vay; phifdng phap luan hien dai thiet ke, xay dtfng cdng trtnh bien viing nifdc sau, phuc vy khai thde dau khi;
xay dtfng va ufng dung he thd'ng dtf bao khi ttfdng thuy van cho toan viing bien Viet Nam; xay dtfng he thong thdng tin khdng ddy tren cdc dao thudc khu vtfc Trifdng Sa...
Cung c6 the lay mdt vi du khdc ve ddi mdi ttf duy, npi dung va phtfdng phdp thtfc hien, da mang lai hieu qua ro hdn trong boat dpng dieu t r a ngudn ldi hai san ntfdc ta. Trong thdi gian tH cudi nhCfng nam 90, trtfdc ydu cau mdi ve khai thac hai san, nganh hai san da chuydn hufdng boat
^2 K H a ^ * H O C 2 ° ^ h ^ " 9 ^ ^ 2 0 i i
V A N DE H O M N A Y
ddng dieu tra ngudn lpi, ttf vung ven bd ra vung xa bd. Mdt sd de tai dieu tra ngudn lpi ca, khong con mang tinh chat dieu tra khdi quat, tdng hdp ngudn ldi hai san nhif trtfdc day, ma mang tinh cha't chuyen de cd dinh hifdng ro ret, tap trung vao dd'i tufdng ed ndi ldn (cd thu, ngtf), va ede va'n de sinh hpc sinh thai lam Cd sd cho viec dtf bdo ngudn ldi, de xua't bien phdp ky thuat khai thde thich hdp. Sif chuyen htfdng dieu tra nay da cd nhCfng ket qua ddng ghi nhan, ddng gdp vao viec thtfc hien chu trtfdng khai thde ed xa bd, nang cao hieu qua nghien cifu cua nganh.
Khuydn nghi trong thdi gian tdi
De nang cao hieu qua eiia boat ddng dieu tra nghien cufu bien ntfdc ta, ddp ufng yeu cau trong giai doan mdi, can cd nbijfng ddi mdi toan dien, cd ban trong suy nghi cGng nhif h a n h ddng.
1) Hoat ddng dieu tra nghien cufu bien can chuyen manh hdn nCfa sang cae nhiem vu, npi dung nghien cufu ed chii de, hoac dieu tra chuyen de cd dinh hifdng, thay eho nhiem vu dieu tra khdi qudt chtfa cd dinh hifdng nhif d giai doan trifdc day. Cd the thay la ta da qud keo dai nhiem vu, ndi dung dieu tra khdi qudt (dieu tra ed ban) trong giai doan trifdc day, cham chuyen hifdng sang cae nhiem vu, ndi dung nghien cufu cd dinh htfdng, co chu de.
Vi vay, phan nao da lam cham btfdc phdt trien va ban che hieu qua eiia boat ddng dieu tra nghien cufu bien d nifdc ta. Can thay rang: Dieu t r a khdi qudt nhif trtfdc day da dtfdc thtfc hien
trong thdi gian dai tdi hang the ky d vimg bien ven bd, dii vay, ket qua chu yeu chi cd the cho ta nhiJfng hieu biet, dd lieu ban dau, lam Cd sd cho viec dinh hifdng cdc nhiem vu dieu tra chuyen de hoac nghien cufu cd chu de, nham di tdi nghien cufu ifng dung cdng nghe hoac tao ra cong nghe mdi.
Ket qua dieu tra khdi quat khong dii va khong the giai quyet cdc van de mang tinh cha't cong nghe ciia thifc tien dat ra, vi vay hieu qua nghien cufu ddi vdi yeu cau thifc tien la ra't ban che. Do dd, can td chife tdng hdp, ddnh gia lai cdc ket qua dieu tra khai qudt vung bien ven bd, bd sung, hoan thien dieu tra khdi quat viing bien xa bd, de mau ehdng hoan thanh ve cd ban nhiem vu dieu tra khdi qudt toan vung bien ntfdc ta sao cho dii yeu cau, tao cd sd eho viec dinh htfdng cdc nhiem vu tie'p theo, khong lam can trd, cham t r i cho viec chuyen htfdng nghien cufu, dap ufng nhCfng yeu cau cap bdeh cua tinh hinh, thiic day hoat dpng nghien cufu bien nifdc ta tien len mpt btfdc mdi.
2) De ddp ufng yeu cau tao the chu dpng, nang cao hieu qua boat ddng ciia cdc nganh khai thde ngudn ldi hai san, phdng chdng thien tai, phdt trien ben vCfng tai nguyen, moi trtfdng bien, can nang cao hdn nijfa chat Itfdng, hieu qua ciia nghien cufu dif bdo bien (da dang sinh hpc, ngudn ldi sinh vat, moi trtfdng bien, thien tai do bien doi khi hau). Can ddi mdi cdch to chufc thtfc hien de ed dtfdc chat lifgfng, hieu qua, gid tri suf dung cao hdn nCfa trong nhiem vu nghien cufu nay. Trong tinh hinh phdt trien dd thi, cdng nghiep ven bien dang phdt trien manh hien nay va trong tufdng
lai, van de dif bao va xuf ly, phue hdi, bao ddm an toan mdi trtfdng bien, cac he sinh thdi bien ven bd can dtfdc dac biet chii y.
3) Trong nghien cufu bien hien nay, ben canh cdc van de khoa hpc, can chii trpng hdn nCfa cae vd'n de cong nghe bien, vd'n cdn it difdc quan tam trong thdi gian trtfdc day. Nghien cufu ufng dung cong nghe hien dai hoac tao cdng nghe mdi de iing dung vao thifc tien bien ntfdc ta la bien phdp thiet thifc, giiip nhanh chdng nang cao hieu qua boat ddng nghien cufu bien. Trong sd dd, can chii y cdc van de cong nghe hien dai lien quan tdi an ninh qudc phdng, xay difng cong trinh bien, khai thde eac san pham cd gid tri cao theo htfdng khai thde theo chieu sau, nang cao sufc canh tranh ciia san pham bien ntfdc ta. Phat trien manh hcfn, nhanh hdn cdc nganh cong nghe lien quan, nhif cong nghe sinh hpc bien, hai difdng hpc nghe cd, ky thuat thdm sdt bien sau, cong nghe quan trac bien hien dai... Md rpng hdn nCfa ufng dung ky thuat hien dai vao dieu tra nghien cufu bien nham day nhanh tien dp, nang cao hieu qua nghien cufU.
4) Dau ttf thich dang cho xay difng Cd sd ha tang nghien cufu bien. Day la khau yeu nha't trong boat ddng dieu tra nghien cifu bien d ntfdc ta hien nay. Nha ntfdc can manh dan dau ttf hdn nCfa de nhanh chdng cd dufdc mpt cd sd ha tang chuyen nghiep cho dieu tra nghien cufu bien, vdi cdc phtfdng tien can thie't td'i thieu, bao dam hieu qua, chat lifdng nghien cufu nhif: Tau khao sdt diing yeu cau, cd sd kiem dinh thie't bi quan trac, mang lifdi
S«,h.ng„.20„KH'g«*»"" 13
V A N DE HOM N A Y
:^^?-:^/#-
Nghiin cUu ngU trUdng vd cdng nghi khai thde cd ngU dgi duang
quan trac bien hien dai, ed sd dif lieu bien qudc gia.. Tinh trang thap kem hien nay eua ed ed ha tang nghien ciiu bien d ntfdc ta da b a n che nhieu chat Itfdng, hieu qua cua boat dpng nghien cufu bien, chtfa tifdng xufng vdi kha nang, trinh dp ddi ngu cdn bd khoa hpe. Cung can Itfu y la khoa hpc cdng nghe bien thudc loai khoa hpc nang (big science), khde vdi nghien cufu tren dat lien, can cd mdt dieu kien phtfdng tien ky thuat nhat dinh, nhieu khi tdn kem de bao dam chat Itfdng, hieu qua.
5) Can manh dan cai to cd ehe, bien phdp td chufc thtfc hien cdc boat dpng nghien cufu bien, tif hinh thufc td chufc, xdc dinh cdc nhiem vu, tuyen chpn life Itfdng thtfc hien ttfng nhiem vu, ddnh gid ket qua va thtfdng phat cdng minh... Ta't ea nhCfng dieu nay tdc ddng khdng nho tdi cha't Itfdng, hieu qua nghien cufu bien ciing nhtf cdc boat ddng nghien
cufu KH&CN khde. Cung can lifu y tdi ehe dp dai ngd, bdi dtfdng eho cdn bd khoa hpc, ky thuat bien sao eho thoa dang vdi hoat dpng tren bien, trong dieu kien sdng gid, hiem nguy.
6) Sau cung, va cung la quan trpng nha't, can phai lam trtfdc tien, de nang cao hieu qua boat dpng dieu tra nghien cufu bien, khong the khdng xay dtfng mpt Chien lifdc phdt trien KH&CN bien ciia ntfdc ta, lay Chien Itfdc bien qud'c gia lam cd sd va muc tieu phuc vu. Chien Itfdc KH&CN bien, nhtf d mdt so' nufdc, can di song song va phai la dpng life, cdng cu bao dam cho viec thtfc hien thdng ldi Chien Itfdc bien qud'c gia. Chien Itfdc nay se xdc dinh cdc nhi^m vu, npi dung cdng viec, tien dp, ket qua phai dat dtfdc qua tifng giai doan, nhdm phuc vu cd hieu qua, dap ufng yeu cau cho viec thtfc hien cdc nhiem vu ciia Chien lifdc bien qud'c gia trong ttfng giai
doan, vd khdng cdn phdi ldp lai trong giai doan tiep theo, thay vi cdch xdc dinh theo suy nghi ciia chuydn gia, hodc theo nhOhg ydu cau nhd't thdi, nhtf van lam hidn nay. Chien lifdc ndy cCing se vach ra eon difdng phdi di len cho KH&CN bien nUdc ta de sau mdt thdi gian da dinh, phdt trien v^
tien kip cdc ntfdc trdn the gidi.
Neu tinh ttf ndm 1954, chiing ta da ed tren 50 ndm boat dOng didu tra nghien cufu bidn. Khdng thd ndi rdng KH&CN bien chifa ldm dtfdc gi ddng kd, song chic chdn, ve phia lanh dao cung nhif mpi cdn bd KH&CN bien deu chifa bdng ldng vdi nhijttig gi da ldm dtfdc. Thdi gian 50 nam co the cung da du de cho ta suy nglm ve nhCfng gi da lam difdc, chifa lam difdc vd nguyen nhan cung nhtf hifdng khdc phuc. Nhflng y kien diing sai chdc con can dtfdc ban luan, phan tich, song chi vdi nhCfng dieu trinh bay tren day, cung cd the thay, KH&CN bien nifdc ta dang cham so vdi yeu cau phdt trien cua dat ntfdc, ddi hoi mpt sif no life ddi mdi thtfc sif, ve phia lanh dao cung nhif dpi ngu cdn bp khoa hpc, de cd the mau chdng kh^c phuc, tao dieu kipn cho KH&CN bien nifdc ta CO nhiJfng btfdc dot pha, phuc vu cd hieu qua hcfn nCfa nhufng yeu cau ciia bien, dao trong giai doan mdi •
