DIu the' ky XX, ldn sdng Duy tan tfl

VAI NET VE HOAT DONG KINH TE TinrOtNG MAI CUA PHONG TRAO DUY TAN d NAM KY D X U THE KY XX

BIEN THI HOANG NGOC*

D

I u the' ky XX, ldn sdng Duy tan tfl Nhdt Ban qua Tan thfl. Tan van cua Luong Khai Sieu vd cdc nhd cai lUdng Trung Qud'c khac da tran vao Viet Nam.

Qua Tdn thu, Tan van, cac si phu Hdn hgc cua Viet Nam cam nhdn dfldc khdng khi cua cudc Minh Tri Duy tan d Nhdt Ban va khi thd sdi sue cua M^u Tud't Chinh bid'n (1898) d Trung Qud'c. Cd the' ndi, Tan thfl, Tdn vdn, trong dd dac bidt la Tan thfl da gdp p h i n quan trgng ldm thflc tinh nhieu si phu ydu nfldc d Vidt Nam, khid'n hg dflng len tim tdi, khdi ddng lai phong trao dd'u tranh dang chim l i n g vdi nhflng ndi dung vd sdc thai mdi. Tidu bidu trong sdhg Id hai nhd ydu nfldc ldi lac Phan Bdi Chau va Phan Chu Trinh.

Khdi d i u cho cudc van ddng giai phdng ddn tdc theo khuynh hudng ddn chu tfl san Id phong trao do nhd ydu nUdc Phan Bdi Chau (1867-1940) lanh d^o. Mdt kd' hoach dfldc Hdi Duy t a n cua dng rd't coi trgng la Ddng Du - xud't dUdng c l u vidn ma hUdng dUdc lua chgn la Nhdt Ban mdt nUdc

"ddng vdn ddng chiing", da cd kinh nghiem thanh cdng trong duy tan.

Cung tid'p t h u Tan thu, Tdn van, song khac vdi Phan Bgi Chdu, phUdng chdm cua Phan Chu Trinh (1872-1926) la "Vgng ngoai tac ngu, bao ddng tdc td" (Khdng nen cay vdo nfldc ngodi, cdy vdo nUdc ngodi Id ngu; khdng nen bao ddng, bao ddng Id chd't) vd "y Phap c l u tie'n bd" md tren thUc te' Id phai tam thdi chd'p nhdn chinh quydn thudc dia nhdm md mang dan tri va cai each che' dg cai tri cua ngudi Phap, rdi tflng budc phuc hdi nen ddc ldp qud'c gia. Phan Chu Trinh la nha si phu d i u tien hd hao dan quyen d Vidt Nam (1). Cflng vdi nhflng ngfldi ban than cua minh nhfl Huynh Thuc Khdng (1876-1947) va Tran Quy Cdp (1870- 1908), dng phat ddng "chd'n dan khi, khai ddn tri, hdu dan sinh" thfldng dfldc bid't dd'n vdi ten ggi cudc van dong Duy Tan.

Hai khuynh hfldng cflu nUdc neu tren Id nhflng dong chu luu chi pho'i phong trdo dd'u tranh giai phdng ddn tdc d Vidt Nam d i u the' ky XX ndi chung, ddng thdi cung da tac ddng sau sac ddn Nam Ky, vflng da't ma sau Hiep Ude Nhdm Tud't (5-6-1862) vd Hidp Udc Gidp Tud't (15-3-1874) da trd thdnh thudc dia Phdp vd sdm cd nhflng

' TbS. Hgc vien Chinh tri khu vflc I

Rghien cihi Lieh sit, so 5.2014 bie'n chuyen ve kinh td', xa hdi dfldi sfl cai

tri cua chd' dd thflc dan.

Didm ddc thfl cua hai phong trao Ddng Du va Duy Tan d vung da't Nam Ky Id cd mdi Udn he vd cung chat che vdi nhau hay ndi cdch khac, hai khuynh hfldng cflu nfldc theo hai trudng phdi khi vdo dd'n Nam k^

da dUdc kd't hdp thdnh mdt danh xUng mdi Id hdi Minh Tdn (2).

Hdng loat nhflng cd sd kinh tai chu chd't cua phong trdo Minh Tan nhfl Minh Tan khach san. Nam Trung khdch san. Nam Ky Minh Tan cdng nghe, Chieu Nam llu. My Tho Minh Tan tflc md tdng cudc..., ngodi viec cd ddng va khuyech trUdng vide kinh doanh cdng thUdng nghidp, cdn nham muc dich Id'y ldi nhudn de ung hd cho Ddng Du nhu Minh Tan khach san. Nam Trung khach san cdn la ndi hdi hgp, dien thuye't, phdn phat tdi lieu, nha't la sach cua Phan Bdi Chau gfli tfl nfldc ngoai ve de tuyen truydn cho phong trao nhfl Sflng bdi giai nhan, Ky nigm luc...; Chieu Nam llu Id ndi chidu hidn ddi sT, gdp gd cac hao kiet Nam Trung Bdc ddng thdi giup dd tdi chinh cho thanh nien Nam Ky du hgc. Chidu Nam l l u cung Id ndi da giflp dd vd che chd cho Ky ngoai h l u Cudng De sau khi dng bi Nhdt true xud't cflng Phan Bdi Chdu... (3). Nghia Id nhflng boat ddng cua Hoi Minh Tan vfla phuc vu cho Ddng Du vfla thflc hien van ddng Duy tan.

Ddng thdi, h l u he't nhflng thdnh vidn cua Hdi Minh tdn cflng la thdnh vidn tham gia van ddng Ddng Du. Tidu bieu nhfl T r i n Chanh Chieu, ngfldi phdt dong va Idnh dao Minh Tan dong thdi cflng Id hat nhdn tich cUc CO ddng cho Ddng Du. Do cd quoc tich Phdp, dng nhieu l l n ra nudc ngodi nhu Hdng Kdng, Nhdt Ban (4). Tai Hdng Kong, dng dd hdi kie'n vdi Phan Bdi Chdu vd khi trd ve, cflng vdi viec van ddng Ddng Du,

T r i n Chdnh Chid'u vie't hai cud'n sach cho xud't ban cdng khai tai Sai Gdn Id Quang Bdng tinh thdnh phong cdnh vd HUdng Cdng nhdn vdt. 6 n g hd hao ldm theo gfldng Duy Tan cua Trung Qud'c; phat tri^n trudng d^y hoc, phdt trien cdng nghd, md trudng qudn sU day thuy quan, luc qudn.

Ong ca ngdi vide ngUdi Trung Hoa ganh dua trdn dudng md mang edng nghe, thUdng mai... (5).

Ngoai ra, cdn phai kd dd'n nhflng nhan vdt chu chd't cua phong trao nhU Nguyen T h i n Hie'n tham gia phong trdo Minh Tan tfl nhflng ngdy dau phong trdo vd eflng la chid'n sy tich cUc hang hai boat ddng Ddng Du; Dd Van Y tham gia Hdi Minh Tan cflng Nguydn An KhUdng d My Tho, sau do xud't dUdng boat ddng each mang, tflng la bi thfl cua Ky ngoai h l u Cudng De; Nguyen Quang Didu Id thdnh vien hdi Minh Tan, hoat dong duy tan cung T r i n Chanh Chid'u nhflng dng cung Id ngfldi thien ve khuynh hudng bao ddng. Nam 1907, dng tham gia phong trdo Ddng Du, de'n ndm 1913, hfldng flng ldi kdu ggi cua Phan Bdi Chau vd Cudng Dd, dng sang Hdng Kdng cung Nguydn T h i n Hien hoat ddng chdng Phdp cung Phan Bdi Chau; Nfl nhan sy Bfli Thi Xuydn (ba Ndm Chidu Nam lau) Id thanh vien kinh doanh trong hdi Minh Tan, cung vdi hai ngfldi em la chi si Nguyin An KhUdng (cha cua nha yeu nfldc Nguydn An Ninh) va Nguydn An Cfl da ldp nhidu cd sd kinh doanh phuc vu cho vide khuyech trfldng thfldng mai. Ddng thdi, ddy cflng la nhflng tram lien lac eua Ddng Du, bd cdn Id ngfldi tdn tam giup dd khi Cfldng De hi true xud't phai bi mdt quay ve Nam Ky...

Trong ba ndi dung ldn (kinh td', vdn hoa, chinh tri) cua phong trdo Duy Tan thi d Bdc ky, mau sac each mang vdn hda vdi cac hoat ddng van hoa xa hdi g i n nhU la chu

Vhi net ve hoa> ddng hinh te..

lUu md dien hinh Id boat ddng cua Ddng Kinh nghia thuc. Midn Trung la khu vuc cd truydn thdng khoa bang, tdp trung nhidu nhd Nho ndn tinh quyet hdt cua phong trdo nhu d Nam Ngai, N g h | - Tmh. Nam Ky la vflng dlit trflc tri, ndi chiu anh hudng tfl rd't sdm cua chinh sdch cai tri Phap, su tham gia cua t i n g Idp phi Nho hgc nhieu hdn, dong thdi d day, tdc ddng tfl he qua cua dfldng ldi cai tri cua cac chfla Nguydn, tinh ch^t thflc dung cua phong trao lai rat cao.

Trong khi quan nidm truydn thd'ng ndi chung vdn cho budn ban, kinh doanh la nhflng nganh nghd khdng md'y danh gia bdi trdt tfl xa hdi "si, ndng, cdng, thUdng" vdn cdn chi phdi thi ngfldi Nam Ky chap nh^n vd khuye'n khich budn bdn:

Bao ndo vui bdng dao di buon Xud'ng bien len nguSn, gao chd nUdc sdng Vao thdi diem Duy Tan, d day da manh nha ndn kinh te' thUdng nghiep khd sdm so vdi ca nfldc (Nam Ky Id trung tam budn ban, dfla lua gao di khdp ndi, tfl the' ki XVII, dd't Dong Nai dUde nhin nhdn la vfla Ifla ldn cua xfl Ddng Trong, den the ki XVIII - XIX thi dd't Gia Dinh (tflc Nam Ky Luc tinh, miln Tdy Nam Bd ngdy nay) Id vflng Ifldng thflc ldn cho Ddng Trong vd cho x u l t khIu). Cflng vdi dd la ban tinh ngfldi Nam Ky fla mao hidm, dam lam an ldn, vi vdy, nhflng boat ddng Duy Tan gdn vdi phdt trien thfldng m ^ r i t t h a n h cdng d mien Nam.

Qua khao sat sd bd cac td chflc kinh td' thudc Hdi Minh Tan da cho thd'y cdc hoat ddng thfldng mai di^n ra het sflc sdi ddng, rdng khdp d nhieu dia phUdng trong Nam K^ luc tinh vdi nhidu loai hinh khdc nhau nhu khach sgn, hangxfldng, hdi budn...

Tai Sdi Gdn cd Nam Trung khach san chuyen kinh doanh dich vu phdng ngu. Tai My Tho, ddi didn vdi ga xe Ixla vd bdn tau Lue tinh, c6 khach san Nam K^ do Huynh

Dinh Dien, mdt nhan sT ydu nfldc d Gd Cdng ldm chu. De tao dieu kien thudn ldi cho boat ddng cua phong trao, Hu^nh Dinh Dien dd cho T r i n Chanh Chid'u va ddi ten thdnh

"Minh Tan khdch san" (6); cd Iflc dng trflc tie'p quan ly, cd Iflc dng giao cho Nguyin Minh Triet (Ca Trdn) hay Nguyin Chanh Sat quan ly. Hoat ddng kinh doanh cua khach san Minh Tan kha da dang, bao gdm:

- Kinh doanh phdng ngu;

- Budn ban tap hoa;

- Td chflc bidu diin ca nhac tai tii;

- Tfl v i n va thflc hidn midn phi cdc dich vu vd phap ludt.

Chidu Nam l l u cua Nguydn An KhUdng va Nguydn Thi Xuydn la tiem ban cdm vd kinh doanh phdng ngu. Ddng thdi, ngay 1- 6-1908, T r i n Chdnh Chie'u cho thdnh lap Nam Ky Minh Tan cdng nghe, cd tru sd dat tai khach san Minh Tan. Day la cdng ty co p h i n , cd dieu le, co vd'n cd' dinh 1.000 ddng (tUdng dUdng 25.000 francs) vdi 17 sang lap vien, trong dd cd 9 sang ldp vien la ngudi Tien Giang, bao gdm T r i n Vdn Binh d lang LUdng Phu (LUdng Hoa Lac, Chd Gao), T r i n Quan Xuan d lang Binh Cdch (Tan Binh Thanh, Chd Gao), Nguydn Ttt Thflc d ldng Ddng Sdn (Gd Cdng Tay), Dinh Van An d lang Binh Hai (Song Binh, Chd Gao), Le Vdn Thien d lang Kim Sdn (Chdu Thdnh), Ld Van Chflc d ldng Binh Thanh Ddng (Long Binh, Gd Cdng Tay), Ld Van Cflu d ldng Long Hda (Lfldng Hda Lac, Chd Gao), Huynh Dinh Dien d ldng Thanh Phd' (Thi xa Gd Cdng)... (7). Didu le cdng ty gdm 8 doan, 24 khoan, doan I de' cap de'n muc dich cua Minh Tan cdng nghd; doan 11 de cap de'n each bun vd'n; doan III vd mdi ldi danh cho nhflng ngfldi cd p h i n hfln va cac cd sd do cdng ty thdnh lap ra; doan IV ve le ldi, each thflc quan tri cdng ty; doan V ve each gdi tien d ngdn hang, doan VI ve each

Rghien cflu XJch siSr. sd 5.2QU chia ldi; doan VII vd each giai tan hdi va

doan VIII ve cdch d'n dinh lfldng bdng cho ngudi ldm vide (8). Ddy Id mdt phudng thflc quan ly rd't tan tid'n, md phdng theo cdch quan tri doanh nghiep d cac xi nghiep ldn cua tfl ban phfldng Tay ma Iflc do, ddi vdi doanh nhdn ngfldi Vidt vdn cdn xa la...

Viec thdnh lap "Nam Ky Minh Tan cong nghe" nham muc dich nhfl da ghi trong Dieu Id la:

"1. Ldp 16 nghe tai Nam Ky, 16 chi, 16 det. Id savon (xa bdng), thuoc da va pha ly.

2. Day con nit An Nam hgc nghe" ly" (9).

Tuy nhidn, tren thUc t^ nhdm canh tranh vdi tu ban Phap vd tu ban Hoa kieu, phat trien tidu thu cdng nghiep, dao tao ngudn nhdn lUc cd trinh dd, giao due hUdng ve thflc nghiep, khdng dinh vi tri kinh te cua t i n g ldp tfl san Nam Ky.

Tai My Tho, Hoi thanh ldp "Minh Tan tflc md tdng cugc". Day la cong ty cd phan budn ban thdc gao nhdm canh tranh thUdng mai vdi tfl san mai ban Hoa kieu va tfl san Phap trong viec kinh doanh va xua't khau thdc gao. Muc dich ndy dfldc the hien qua

"ldi rao" cua 12 ngfldi khdi xUdng thdnh ldp

"Minh Tan tflc me tong cudc" dang trdn Luc tinh tdn vdn ra ngay 30-1-1908: "Nghe budn Ifla d Nam Ky minh ai ai cung biet nghe thfl nhflt chang can phai ndi ddng dai, ma lau nay ngfldi minh khdng lam dang, la tai tdnh chiu sut ciia dfldi. Cdn d phfldng Tdy, nhieu cai cdng ty hfln cho tdi ngan ngfldi, vd'n cung dang trdm mudn ddng, hg ldm coi nhu chdi, bdi cd chgn mgt ngfldi thdng thao tdn lam thIy, keu la General manager dang bay bidu cac vide, cdn mud'n vd'n cho nhieu nfla phai the' chUn cai sd bien chung so bac minh hfln ddng bao nhieu cho hang, kdu la Trust company, thi vay cung dang bdng sd dd. Bdy gid thi ngfldi Trung

Qud'c cung bdt chUdc rdi do. Cdn ngfldi xil minh chdng phai la cay da tUdng hinh nen khdng ldm chi hd't, nay chung tdi quye't Iflc ngUdi ddng chi trong bgn ddng bao minh mk keu ggi, dng nao, bd nao bie't viec Duy Tan thi hay tham gia" (10). Bao Luc tinh tdn vdn ra ngdy 12-3-1908 cho bid't, mdi p h i n hun dfldc dinh lai la mdt ddng, nhflng ngfldi nao gdp tfl 10 p h i n bun (tflc 10 ddng) trd ldn thi mdi dUdc cdng nhdn la cd ddng. Cd 25 vi gop hun d i u tidn, trong do, cd den 21 vi Id ngfloi My Tho, CO 1 ngfldi b Be'n Tre, 1 ngfldi b Bdn Cat (Thu D i u Mdt), 1 ngfldi d Tra On, 1 ngfldi d Rach Gia, vdi tdng so' tien la 16.980 ddng, trong d6 T r i n Vdn Hai d lang LUdng Phu, tdng Thanh Qudn gop 3.000 ddng, dr^

Tru d tdng Thudn Binh gdp 2.000 ddng, Pham Nggc Tfly gdp 1.000 ddng, dng Gilbert Chieu gdp 1.000 ddng... (11).

Ben canh do, hdng loat hdi budn nho khac cung dfldc t h a n h lap, cd thd ke den

"Tan Hda thUdng hdi" do Phan Vdn Dat thdnh lap; "Nam Ky thUdng cudc" do Tran Van Thanh d Chg Gao thdnh ldp nhdm "ldp sd nha may xay lua, lap hang dn Ifla gao (de trflc tid'p x u l t khau) hode la lUa con dan dfla nao thdng thai thi cho nd qua ben Tay hgc bac vat" (12); Y Dfldc Cdng ty do J,B Xuan thanh lap; tTdc Lap boa thuydn do Tri phu Nguydn Ba Phfldc b Bac Lieu thdnh lap; Te Nam khach san vfla kinh doanh phong ngu cung cac dich vu nhfl cdt toe, thdm chi xem mach bd'c thud'c va xem boi;

Nam Hod ldi d Md Cay; Nam Ddng Hflng fl Rach Gia; Tan Thanh, Ddng Thdnh d Sa Dec...

Cd the noi, h l u khdp cac tinh Nam kJ deu hfldng flng phong trdo Minh Tan, phat ddng thdnh ldp cac cd sd cdng thfldng nghidp nhfl da neu. Qua nhflng boat dong sdi ndi, r i m rd dd, chu trUdng, tdn chi cua Hdi Minh Tdn ve chd'n hflng kinh td' dfl0c

Vai n6t ve hoat dong hinh le..

ndu cao Id nhdm nang cao tinh t h i n vd kha ndng kinh doanh thflc te' cua ngfldi Viet, tfl dd canh t r a n h vdi tfl san Hoa kidu, An kieu, d i n theo kip vdi su tie'n bd ve kinh td, xa hdi cua cae nUdc khdc. Nhflng k h I u hidu ma Minh Tan dUa ra dUdc pho bid'n trong Luc tinh Nam ky luc dd la "tly chay Chet, Cha," "dfla Quan Cdng ve T l u , Ph^t ve An Do"... Chi trong md'y ndm boat ddng nhflng da cd de'n hang chuc cdng ty, hang chuc hoi budn, cd sd kinh doanh cua ngudi Viet ra ddi d Nam Ky tfl phong trao nay. Cac loai hinh kinh doanh da dang, cd' gdng trai rdng ra mgi linh vflc, dac biet Id nhflng khu vflc ma ngudi Viet vd'n ye'u the, hi t u san nfldc ngodi chen ep nhu kinh doanh thdc gao (Minh tdn md ed'c cdng cudc), kinh doanh an ud'ng, khdch san (Chidu Nam l l u , Minh Tan khdch san), dich vu van tai (U'dc Lap boa thuyen), y dfldc... Ngoai ra, nhieu loai binh kinh doanh l l n d i u tien xuat hien nhfl kd' toan, thud', thdm chi ca md hinh mdt sidu thi (Nam Ky thfldng cudc).

Chi ldn cua nhflng nha Duy Tan Nam Ky khdng chi the hidn b so' lUdng cdc td chflc hdi budn ma cdn d t i m voc cua chung, trong sd' dd nhU Minh Tan m l cdc cdng cugc, dfl kie'n thau tdm nganh xud't khdu ndng san, Ifldng thflc dang trong su kidm soat cua ngfldi Hoa. Khi phong trao Duy Tan bi ddp tdt vao cudi nam 1908, Minh Tan me coc cdng cudc tdn tai va phat tridn dd'n hdng chuc ndm sau.

Khdc vdi d Bdc Ky, vdi mdu sdc each mang chuyen tai qua cd xe van hoa - tU tudng vd cac boat ddng vdn hoa - xa hoi g i n nhfl Id chu luu; cung khac vdi d miln Trung vdi tinh quye't liet co khuynh hUdng bao ddng, phong trao Minh Tan d Nam Ky cd tinh chd't thUc dung rd't cao. Phong trdo da gdn vdi nhflng boat ddng kinh td' thUdng mai cd nhflng thdnh cdng noi bdt vd chinh dd la didu kidn gdp p h i n quan trgng cho

chidu hudng phat trien cua phong trdo ydu nudc tiep sau la phong trao t l y chay hang hda cua Hoa kieu, chd'ng ddc quyen thUdng mai ciia t u san Phdp nhflng nam XX cua t h d k y XX.

Trong dieu kien xa hdi Nam ky chi mdi xudi hidn mdt so' ye'u td cua ndn kinh td' tfl ban chu nghia, md di nhien Id khdng do nhan dan ban xfl ndm gifl, giai cap tU san chua xud't hidn, thi mgt phong trdo mang dam yd'u td kinh td' tu ban chu nghia do ngudi Viet phdt dgng va thuc hanh ndi trdn cd the coi la "mgt hien tUdng". Hidn tUdng dd chi cd the dUdc ly giai khdng chi can cfl vao nhflng ye'u td dia ly, van hoa ma phai xud't phdt tfl can nguyen la tinh t h i n yeu nudc, tfl chu nghia qud'c gia dan tdc dang dUdc hun due cua nhan ddn Nam Ky, cflng la bg phan cua "tinh t h i n ddc ldp cua dan tdc, cd sd van boa cua dan tgc, trudc sU pha san cua che do phong kie'n trong nUdc va trong luc phfldng Ddng dang bie'n ehuyen tfl phong kien qua tU san" (13). Dieu do cflng trflng hdp vdi nhdn xet eua nhd nghidn cflu Sdn Nam: "Vdo nhflng ndm ma cudc Minh Tan phat khdi, mflc sd'ng cua dien chu d mien Nam dang len cao, diln chu bflc trung hoac bflc dai co mflc sd'ng khoe hdn mgt thfldng gia. Nd'u dfl tien, ngudi dien chu cfl d i u tfl vao cdng viec mua ban da't. Da't la bd't ddng san, nam dd, khdng bi hao mdn, dien chu khdng ban tdm met tri hdng ngdy nhu ngfldi chuydn mua ban. TUdng lai ngUdi dien chu vdo nhflng nam ay qua sang sua. (J Hau Giang cdn hang chuc van mau dd't dang chd don, bg cfl chay chgt kheo leo la dd dang trd thdnh dai dien chu. Do do, ma'y dng dien chu, Pho tdng, Cai tdng chiu tham gia viec Minh Tan, chu y dd'n thfldng mai vd cong nghe la do ddng cd yeu nfldc hdn la ham lam giau. Hg lam vi tU ai dan tdc, vi mudn ddnh dd thflc dan Phap, mud'n cho ddng bang tfl cfldng" (14).

5 2 R g h i ^ cflu Iijch siJr. so 5.2014 Cung nhfl phong trdo trong ca nudc, sau

cudc ddn ap dd man cua thUe ddn Phdp, phong trdo Duy Tdn d Nam Ky t h I t bai nhUng nd da dd lai cho chung ta nhflng d'n tfldng khd qudn ve tinh t h i n cdch mang mang tinh ddt pha, md man cho trao luu yeu nudc theo phUdng thflc khai hoa kieh thflc, md mang tri tue, khuyen khich kinh doanh. NhQng ddng gdp cua phong trao Minh Tdn d Nam Ky khdng chi phat huy tac dung d dia ban Nam Ky ma anh hudng cdn lan toa d pham vi rdng ldn hdn. Cac nhd duy tdn phat hign ra dfldc cdn benh truyen kid'p loay hoay vdi each hgc tfl chfldng khoa cfl, each quan niem ldi thdi "di ndng vi ban", vdi trdt tU xa bdi "si, ndng, cdng, thUdng" da ldm thui chdt dgng lUc di ldn cua ca mdt xa hdi. Do do, mdt phong trdo ydu nUdc theo mdt hinh thflc rd't mdi dd ra ddi, tao ra dfldc hidu flng xd hdi vd cflng tich ci^c, ldm thay ddi ddng k l cac quan nigm xa hdi dUdng thdi d Nam Ky vd trdn ca nUdc. Tfl nhflng boat ddng tuyen truyen chd'n htfng thflc nghiep va to chflc kinh doanh cua cudc vdn dgng Duy Tan d

CHU THICH

(1), Nguyin van Xufin, Phong trdo Duy Tdn, Nxb, Da Nang, 1995, tr. 107.

(2). Ten goi cua Duy TSn Idii vao Nam Ky dUdc Trin Chanh Chieu ddi thanh Minh TSn la do kieng tdn v| vua trilu Nguyen m6i len ngoi la'y hi|u la Duy Tan: "Co tin hodng di mdi tdc vi lay hieu Id Duy Tdn Hohng di thi trong Ibng tdi nghi ngai hodi, sa ldi cung trdi ddt cho nen nay mudn cho diet chd hiim nghi tdi xin kinh huy, doi cha Duy tdn cdng ty lai thdnh Minh tdn...". Theo Nguyin Quyg't Thing, Phong trdo Duy Tdn vd cdc khudn mat tieu bieu, Nxb. Vdn hoa Th6ng tin, 2006, tr. 648.

(3), Nguyin Quy&'t Thing, Phong trdo Duy Tdn vd cdc khudn mat tieu biiu, sdd, 2006, tr. 515.

(4). Tran Chanh Chieu c6 ngucli con trai thfl tu Id Jule Trin Chanh Tie't hoc tai Hong Cong nen

Nam Ky, dd d i n hinh t h a n h nen mdt thanh p h i n kinh td' tU ban dan tdc non tre, thi hidn tinh flu viet cua kinh td tU ban chu nghia so vdi kinh te phong kie'n. Trdn nen tang dd, t i n g ldp doanh nhan Vidt d i u tien da ra ddi, Id dieu kidn de nhflng nam sau dd, giai cd'p t u san Nam Ky ndi ridng vd \k d i u tau cung nhu tU san Viet Nam vUdn ldn nam quydn, canh tranh vdi tbudng nhan ngoai qud'c. Hg xud't thdn tfl nhflng bdc dai khoa, tfl nhan si dia phfldng hay nhflng dien chu da khdi phdt ndn tinh thin doanh nghiep. Dieu dang chfl y Id muc dich ciia cdc doanh nhan khdng ddn t h u I n chi la ldi nhudn ma sau xa hdn la tinh t h i n dan tdc, tinh t h i n cflu nude tu cudng...

Nhfl vdy, phong trao Duy Tdn d Nam Ky vdi nhflng ddc t h u ro ndt trong boat dgng kinh td' thUdng mai, chd'n hUng thUc nghiep da cd nhflng ddng gdp quan trgng vdo bflc tranh ydu nUde sinh ddng cua ddn tdc Vidt Nam vao d i u thd' ky XX, la tien d l cho au phat tridn cao hdn, di den ke't qua to ldn hdn cua phong trao giai phdng dan tgc 3 giai doan sau.

ong thu&ng la'y cd thSm con de xua't ngogi, sap dSt vifc dUa du hpc sinh sang Nhat.

(5). Vien Sfl hoc, Lich sH Viet Nam 1897-1918, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Uk Noi, 1999, tr. 200.

(6). Son Nam, Phong trdo Duy Tdn Bac Trung Nam. Miin Nam ddu thiky XX - Thien dia hoi va cudc Minh Tdn, Nxb. Tre, Tp. Ho Chi Minh, 2003, tr 185.

(7), (8), (9). Nguyin Quy&'t Thing, Phong trdo Duy Tdn vd cdc khudn mat tieu bieu, sdd, tr. 648, 650, 651.

(10), (11), (12), (14). Sdn Nam, Phong trdo Duy Tdn Bdc Trung Nam. Miin Nam ddu the ky XX- Thiin dia hoi vd cugc Minh Tdn, sdd, tr 198, 200, 202, 180.

(13). Lg Duan, Vecdch mangxd hoi chu nghia d Viit Nam, Nxb. Su That, Ha Noi, 1963, tr. 5.